Publications

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  MapLUR: Exploring a New Paradigm for Estimating Air Pollution Using Deep Learning on Map Images Steininger, Michael; Kobs, Konstantin; Zehe, Albin; Lautenschlager, Florian; Becker, Martin; Hotho, Andreas in ACM Trans. Spatial Algorithms Syst. (2020). 6(3)
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  Land-use regression (LUR) models are important for the assessment of air pollution concentrations in areas without measurement stations. While many such models exist, they often use manually constructed features based on restricted, locally available data. Thus, they are typically hard to reproduce and challenging to adapt to areas beyond those they have been developed for. In this paper, we advocate a paradigm shift for LUR models: We propose the Data-driven, Open, Global (DOG) paradigm that entails models based on purely data-driven approaches using only openly and globally available data. Progress within this paradigm will alleviate the need for experts to adapt models to the local characteristics of the available data sources and thus facilitate the generalizability of air pollution models to new areas on a global scale. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the DOG paradigm for LUR, we introduce a deep learning model called MapLUR. It is based on a convolutional neural network architecture and is trained exclusively on globally and openly available map data without requiring manual feature engineering. We compare our model to state-of-the-art baselines like linear regression, random forests and multi-layer perceptrons using a large data set of modeled NO2 concentrations in Central London. Our results show that MapLUR significantly outperforms these approaches even though they are provided with manually tailored features. Furthermore, we illustrate that the automatic feature extraction inherent to models based on the DOG paradigm can learn features that are readily interpretable and closely resemble those commonly used in traditional LUR approaches.

  @article{10.1145/3380973, abstract = {Land-use regression (LUR) models are important for the assessment of air pollution concentrations in areas without measurement stations. While many such models exist, they often use manually constructed features based on restricted, locally available data. Thus, they are typically hard to reproduce and challenging to adapt to areas beyond those they have been developed for. In this paper, we advocate a paradigm shift for LUR models: We propose the Data-driven, Open, Global (DOG) paradigm that entails models based on purely data-driven approaches using only openly and globally available data. Progress within this paradigm will alleviate the need for experts to adapt models to the local characteristics of the available data sources and thus facilitate the generalizability of air pollution models to new areas on a global scale. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the DOG paradigm for LUR, we introduce a deep learning model called MapLUR. It is based on a convolutional neural network architecture and is trained exclusively on globally and openly available map data without requiring manual feature engineering. We compare our model to state-of-the-art baselines like linear regression, random forests and multi-layer perceptrons using a large data set of modeled NO2 concentrations in Central London. Our results show that MapLUR significantly outperforms these approaches even though they are provided with manually tailored features. Furthermore, we illustrate that the automatic feature extraction inherent to models based on the DOG paradigm can learn features that are readily interpretable and closely resemble those commonly used in traditional LUR approaches.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Steininger, Michael and Kobs, Konstantin and Zehe, Albin and Lautenschlager, Florian and Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {ACM Trans. Spatial Algorithms Syst.}, keywords = {regression}, month = {apr}, number = 3, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {MapLUR: Exploring a New Paradigm for Estimating Air Pollution Using Deep Learning on Map Images}, volume = 6, year = 2020 }
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  MapLUR: Exploring a New Paradigm for Estimating Air Pollution Using Deep Learning on Map Images Steininger, Michael; Kobs, Konstantin; Zehe, Albin; Lautenschlager, Florian; Becker, Martin; Hotho, Andreas in ACM Trans. Spatial Algorithms Syst. (2020). 6(3)
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  • [ Download ]
  Land-use regression (LUR) models are important for the assessment of air pollution concentrations in areas without measurement stations. While many such models exist, they often use manually constructed features based on restricted, locally available data. Thus, they are typically hard to reproduce and challenging to adapt to areas beyond those they have been developed for. In this paper, we advocate a paradigm shift for LUR models: We propose the Data-driven, Open, Global (DOG) paradigm that entails models based on purely data-driven approaches using only openly and globally available data. Progress within this paradigm will alleviate the need for experts to adapt models to the local characteristics of the available data sources and thus facilitate the generalizability of air pollution models to new areas on a global scale. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the DOG paradigm for LUR, we introduce a deep learning model called MapLUR. It is based on a convolutional neural network architecture and is trained exclusively on globally and openly available map data without requiring manual feature engineering. We compare our model to state-of-the-art baselines like linear regression, random forests and multi-layer perceptrons using a large data set of modeled NO2 concentrations in Central London. Our results show that MapLUR significantly outperforms these approaches even though they are provided with manually tailored features. Furthermore, we illustrate that the automatic feature extraction inherent to models based on the DOG paradigm can learn features that are readily interpretable and closely resemble those commonly used in traditional LUR approaches.

  @article{10.1145/3380973, abstract = {Land-use regression (LUR) models are important for the assessment of air pollution concentrations in areas without measurement stations. While many such models exist, they often use manually constructed features based on restricted, locally available data. Thus, they are typically hard to reproduce and challenging to adapt to areas beyond those they have been developed for. In this paper, we advocate a paradigm shift for LUR models: We propose the Data-driven, Open, Global (DOG) paradigm that entails models based on purely data-driven approaches using only openly and globally available data. Progress within this paradigm will alleviate the need for experts to adapt models to the local characteristics of the available data sources and thus facilitate the generalizability of air pollution models to new areas on a global scale. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the DOG paradigm for LUR, we introduce a deep learning model called MapLUR. It is based on a convolutional neural network architecture and is trained exclusively on globally and openly available map data without requiring manual feature engineering. We compare our model to state-of-the-art baselines like linear regression, random forests and multi-layer perceptrons using a large data set of modeled NO2 concentrations in Central London. Our results show that MapLUR significantly outperforms these approaches even though they are provided with manually tailored features. Furthermore, we illustrate that the automatic feature extraction inherent to models based on the DOG paradigm can learn features that are readily interpretable and closely resemble those commonly used in traditional LUR approaches.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Steininger, Michael and Kobs, Konstantin and Zehe, Albin and Lautenschlager, Florian and Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {ACM Trans. Spatial Algorithms Syst.}, keywords = {regression}, month = {apr}, number = 3, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {MapLUR: Exploring a New Paradigm for Estimating Air Pollution Using Deep Learning on Map Images}, volume = 6, year = 2020 }

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  Participatory sensing, opinions and collective awareness Loreto, Vittorio; Haklay, Mordechai; Hotho, Andreas; Servedio, Vito C. P.; Stumme, Gerd; Theunis, Jan; Tria, Francesca (2017). Springer.
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  @book{loreto2017participatory, editor = {Loreto, Vittorio and Haklay, Mordechai and Hotho, Andreas and Servedio, Vito C. P. and Stumme, Gerd and Theunis, Jan and Tria, Francesca}, keywords = {sensing}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Participatory sensing, opinions and collective awareness}, year = 2017 }
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  Experimental Assessment of the Emergence of Awareness and Its Influence on Behavioral Changes: The Everyaware Lesson Gravino, Pietro; S{\^\i}rbu, Alina; Becker, Martin; Servedio, Vito DP; Loreto, Vittorio in Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness (2017). 337–362.
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  @incollection{gravino2017experimental, author = {Gravino, Pietro and S{\^\i}rbu, Alina and Becker, Martin and Servedio, Vito DP and Loreto, Vittorio}, booktitle = {Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {337–362}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Experimental Assessment of the Emergence of Awareness and Its Influence on Behavioral Changes: The Everyaware Lesson}, year = 2017 }
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  Collective Sensing Platforms Atzmueller, Martin; Becker, Martin; Mueller, Juergen in Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness (2017). 115–133.
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  @incollection{atzmueller2017collective, author = {Atzmueller, Martin and Becker, Martin and Mueller, Juergen}, booktitle = {Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {115–133}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Collective Sensing Platforms}, year = 2017 }
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  Applications for Environmental Sensing in EveryAware Atzmueller, Martin; Becker, Martin; Molino, Andrea; Mueller, Juergen; Peters, Jan; S{\^\i}rbu, Alina in Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness (2017). 135–155.
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  @incollection{atzmueller2017applications, author = {Atzmueller, Martin and Becker, Martin and Molino, Andrea and Mueller, Juergen and Peters, Jan and S{\^\i}rbu, Alina}, booktitle = {Participatory Sensing, Opinions and Collective Awareness}, keywords = {sensing}, pages = {135–155}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Applications for Environmental Sensing in EveryAware}, year = 2017 }

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  Participatory Patterns in an International Air Quality Monitoring Initiative Sîrbu, Alina; Becker, Martin; Caminiti, Saverio; De Baets, Bernard; Elen, Bart; Francis, Louise; Gravino, Pietro; Hotho, Andreas; Ingarra, Stefano; Loreto, Vittorio; Molino, Andrea; Mueller, Juergen; Peters, Jan; Ricchiuti, Ferdinando; Saracino, Fabio; Servedio, Vito D. P.; Stumme, Gerd; Theunis, Jan; Tria, Francesca; Van den Bossche, Joris in PLoS ONE (2015). 10(8) e0136763.
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  <p>The issue of sustainability is at the top of the political and societal agenda, being considered of extreme importance and urgency. Human individual action impacts the environment both locally (e.g., local air/water quality, noise disturbance) and globally (e.g., climate change, resource use). Urban environments represent a crucial example, with an increasing realization that the most effective way of producing a change is involving the citizens themselves in monitoring campaigns (a citizen science bottom-up approach). This is possible by developing novel technologies and IT infrastructures enabling large citizen participation. Here, in the wider framework of one of the first such projects, we show results from an international competition where citizens were involved in mobile air pollution monitoring using low cost sensing devices, combined with a web-based game to monitor perceived levels of pollution. Measures of shift in perceptions over the course of the campaign are provided, together with insights into participatory patterns emerging from this study. Interesting effects related to inertia and to direct involvement in measurement activities rather than indirect information exposure are also highlighted, indicating that direct involvement can enhance learning and environmental awareness. In the future, this could result in better adoption of policies towards decreasing pollution.</p>

  @article{10.1371/journal.pone.0136763, abstract = {<p>The issue of sustainability is at the top of the political and societal agenda, being considered of extreme importance and urgency. Human individual action impacts the environment both locally (e.g., local air/water quality, noise disturbance) and globally (e.g., climate change, resource use). Urban environments represent a crucial example, with an increasing realization that the most effective way of producing a change is involving the citizens themselves in monitoring campaigns (a citizen science bottom-up approach). This is possible by developing novel technologies and IT infrastructures enabling large citizen participation. Here, in the wider framework of one of the first such projects, we show results from an international competition where citizens were involved in mobile air pollution monitoring using low cost sensing devices, combined with a web-based game to monitor perceived levels of pollution. Measures of shift in perceptions over the course of the campaign are provided, together with insights into participatory patterns emerging from this study. Interesting effects related to inertia and to direct involvement in measurement activities rather than indirect information exposure are also highlighted, indicating that direct involvement can enhance learning and environmental awareness. In the future, this could result in better adoption of policies towards decreasing pollution.</p>}, author = {Sîrbu, Alina and Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and De Baets, Bernard and Elen, Bart and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Hotho, Andreas and Ingarra, Stefano and Loreto, Vittorio and Molino, Andrea and Mueller, Juergen and Peters, Jan and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Saracino, Fabio and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Stumme, Gerd and Theunis, Jan and Tria, Francesca and Van den Bossche, Joris}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, keywords = {quality}, month = {08}, number = 8, pages = {e0136763}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {Participatory Patterns in an International Air Quality Monitoring Initiative}, volume = 10, year = 2015 }

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  Awareness and learning in participatory noise sensing Becker, Martin; Caminiti, Saverio; Fiorella, Donato; Francis, Louise; Gravino, Pietro; Haklay, Mordechai (Muki); Hotho, Andreas; Loreto, Vittorio; Mueller, Juergen; Ricchiuti, Ferdinando; Servedio, Vito D. P.; Sirbu, Alina; Tria, Francesca in PLOS ONE (2013). 8(12) e81638.
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  The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.

  @article{becker2013awareness, abstract = {The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.}, author = {Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and Fiorella, Donato and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Hotho, Andreas and Loreto, Vittorio and Mueller, Juergen and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Sirbu, Alina and Tria, Francesca}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, keywords = {widenoise}, month = {dec}, number = 12, pages = {e81638}, title = {Awareness and learning in participatory noise sensing}, volume = 8, year = 2013 }