Best Paper Award at DIMES Workshop
05.11.2024Together with researchers at University of Hannover, University of Braunschweig and RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, we presented a study on phyiscal memory fragmention in Linux, which we think is going to become an increasing problem for huge-frame availability, DRAM energy consumption and cloud memory pricing. The joint paper was awarded with the best paper award.
Alexander Halbuer from University of Hannover presented our paper The New Costs of Physical Memory Fragmentation at the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory Systems (DIMES@SOSP '24) in Austin, TX, USA.
External fragmentation is becoming a serious problem again after paging temporarily solved it with its one-size-fits-all 4 KiB approach. The increasing adoption of mixed base, huge, and giant page sizes, DRAM energy-saving techniques, and memory disaggregation, necessitates a memory management system capable of handling larger entities in the range of multiple megabytes up to several gigabytes.
A case study in Linux reveals that the operating system reasonably minimizes fragmentation up to huge page size, but falls short when it comes to larger granularities. Therefore, it requires much effort to entirely free a memory block for powering down or returning it to the memory provider; in some cases, this may be entirely impossible due to immovable kernel memory.
Additionally, our analysis highlights that the page cache is responsible for a large share of memory usage, as it keeps all cached pages until memory pressure rises. This behavior originates from the outdated assumption that utilizing memory comes at no cost and, therefore, requires further investigation.
