Dr. rer. nat. Florian Wamser

• Performance Assessment of Resource Management Strategies for Cellular and Wireless Mesh Networks. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Wamser, Florian. PhD dissertation. University of Wuerzburg, 2015, April.
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  @phdthesis{info3-dissertation-2015-1, author = {Wamser, Florian}, keywords = {sys:hidden:dissertation}, month = {04}, school = {University of Wuerzburg}, title = {Performance Assessment of Resource Management Strategies for Cellular and Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Thesis %1 info3-dissertation-2015-1 %A Wamser, Florian %D 2015 %T Performance Assessment of Resource Management Strategies for Cellular and Wireless Mesh Networks

• Diploma Thesis: Traffic Measurement and Characterization of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access. Technical Report (Master thesis), . Wamser, Florian. Master thesis. University of Wuerzburg, 2009, April.
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  @mastersthesis{info3-diplom2009-183, author = {Wamser, Florian}, keywords = {sys:hidden:diplom}, month = {04}, school = {University of Wuerzburg}, title = {Diploma Thesis: Traffic Measurement and Characterization of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access}, year = 2009 }

  %0 Thesis %1 info3-diplom2009-183 %A Wamser, Florian %D 2009 %T Diploma Thesis: Traffic Measurement and Characterization of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access

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• COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth Utilization. Seufert, Michael; Spangenberger, Marius; Poignée, Fabian; Wamser, Florian; Robitza, Werner; Timmerer, Christian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications. 2024.
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  @article{info3-article-2024-5, author = {Seufert, Michael and Spangenberger, Marius and Poignée, Fabian and Wamser, Florian and Robitza, Werner and Timmerer, Christian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {07}, title = {COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth Utilization}, year = 2024 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2024-5 %A Seufert, Michael %A Spangenberger, Marius %A Poignée, Fabian %A Wamser, Florian %A Robitza, Werner %A Timmerer, Christian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2024 %J ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications %T COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth Utilization

• On Profiling, Benchmarking and Behavioral Analysis of SDN Architecture Under DDoS Attacks. Huu Thanh, Nguyen; NgocTuan, Nguyen; AnhKhoa, Dang; CongTuan, Le; TrungKien, Nguyen; XuanDung, Nguyen; QuynhThu, Ngo; Wamser, Florian. In Journal of Network and Systems Management. 2023.
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  Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention from research and industrial communities recently as it is more agile and flexible compared to conventional networking technology in offering new network functions and services. By separating the network control functions from the forwarding devices and placing them in a centralized, softwarized and programmable SDN controller, new network functions and services can be easily added into the network in an on-demand manner. However, the centralized control paradigm and the flow-based forwarding principle make the SDN architecture more fragile and vulnerable to malicious actions, such as cyber hijacking or DDoS attacks. In this paper, we focus on analyzing and evaluating negative impacts of DDoS attacks on the SDN architecture. By performing stress tests, the performance of such common SDN controllers as POX, Ryu and Floodlight under DDoS attacks is benchmarked, along with their impacts on the SDN switch and OpenFlow channel. We also address some new threats and vulnerabilities introduced by the nature of SDN.

  @article{info3-article-2023-1, abstract = {Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention from research and industrial communities recently as it is more agile and flexible compared to conventional networking technology in offering new network functions and services. By separating the network control functions from the forwarding devices and placing them in a centralized, softwarized and programmable SDN controller, new network functions and services can be easily added into the network in an on-demand manner. However, the centralized control paradigm and the flow-based forwarding principle make the SDN architecture more fragile and vulnerable to malicious actions, such as cyber hijacking or DDoS attacks. In this paper, we focus on analyzing and evaluating negative impacts of DDoS attacks on the SDN architecture. By performing stress tests, the performance of such common SDN controllers as POX, Ryu and Floodlight under DDoS attacks is benchmarked, along with their impacts on the SDN switch and OpenFlow channel. We also address some new threats and vulnerabilities introduced by the nature of SDN.}, author = {Huu Thanh, Nguyen and NgocTuan, Nguyen and AnhKhoa, Dang and CongTuan, Le and TrungKien, Nguyen and XuanDung, Nguyen and QuynhThu, Ngo and Wamser, Florian}, journal = {Journal of Network and Systems Management}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {03}, title = {On Profiling, Benchmarking and Behavioral Analysis of SDN Architecture Under DDoS Attacks}, year = 2023 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2023-1 %A Huu Thanh, Nguyen %A NgocTuan, Nguyen %A AnhKhoa, Dang %A CongTuan, Le %A TrungKien, Nguyen %A XuanDung, Nguyen %A QuynhThu, Ngo %A Wamser, Florian %D 2023 %J Journal of Network and Systems Management %T On Profiling, Benchmarking and Behavioral Analysis of SDN Architecture Under DDoS Attacks %X Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention from research and industrial communities recently as it is more agile and flexible compared to conventional networking technology in offering new network functions and services. By separating the network control functions from the forwarding devices and placing them in a centralized, softwarized and programmable SDN controller, new network functions and services can be easily added into the network in an on-demand manner. However, the centralized control paradigm and the flow-based forwarding principle make the SDN architecture more fragile and vulnerable to malicious actions, such as cyber hijacking or DDoS attacks. In this paper, we focus on analyzing and evaluating negative impacts of DDoS attacks on the SDN architecture. By performing stress tests, the performance of such common SDN controllers as POX, Ryu and Floodlight under DDoS attacks is benchmarked, along with their impacts on the SDN switch and OpenFlow channel. We also address some new threats and vulnerabilities introduced by the nature of SDN.

• YouTube Dataset on Mobile Streaming for Internet Traffic Modeling and Streaming Analysis. Loh, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Poignée, Fabian; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Nature, Scientific Data. 2022.
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  Around 4.9 billion Internet users worldwide watch billions of hours of online video every day. As a result, streaming is by far the predominant type of traffic in communication networks. According to Google statistics, three out of five video views come from mobile devices. Thus, in view of the continuous technological advances in end devices and increasing mobile use, datasets for mobile streaming are indispensable in research but only sparsely dealt with in literature so far. With this public dataset, we provide 1,081 hours of time-synchronous video measurements at network, transport, and application layer with the native YouTube streaming client on mobile devices. The dataset includes 80 network scenarios with 171 different individual bandwidth settings measured in 5,181 runs with limited bandwidth, 1,939 runs with emulated 3 G/4 G traces, and 4,022 runs with pre-defined bandwidth changes. This corresponds to 332 GB video payload. We present the most relevant quality indicators for scientific use, i.e., initial playback delay, streaming video quality, adaptive video quality changes, video rebuffering events, and streaming phases.

  @article{info3-article-2022-17, abstract = {Around 4.9 billion Internet users worldwide watch billions of hours of online video every day. As a result, streaming is by far the predominant type of traffic in communication networks. According to Google statistics, three out of five video views come from mobile devices. Thus, in view of the continuous technological advances in end devices and increasing mobile use, datasets for mobile streaming are indispensable in research but only sparsely dealt with in literature so far. With this public dataset, we provide 1,081 hours of time-synchronous video measurements at network, transport, and application layer with the native YouTube streaming client on mobile devices. The dataset includes 80 network scenarios with 171 different individual bandwidth settings measured in 5,181 runs with limited bandwidth, 1,939 runs with emulated 3 G/4 G traces, and 4,022 runs with pre-defined bandwidth changes. This corresponds to 332 GB video payload. We present the most relevant quality indicators for scientific use, i.e., initial playback delay, streaming video quality, adaptive video quality changes, video rebuffering events, and streaming phases.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Poignée, Fabian and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Nature, Scientific Data}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {06}, title = {YouTube Dataset on Mobile Streaming for Internet Traffic Modeling and Streaming Analysis}, year = 2022 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2022-17 %A Loh, Frank %A Wamser, Florian %A Poignée, Fabian %A Geißler, Stefan %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2022 %J Nature, Scientific Data %T YouTube Dataset on Mobile Streaming for Internet Traffic Modeling and Streaming Analysis %X Around 4.9 billion Internet users worldwide watch billions of hours of online video every day. As a result, streaming is by far the predominant type of traffic in communication networks. According to Google statistics, three out of five video views come from mobile devices. Thus, in view of the continuous technological advances in end devices and increasing mobile use, datasets for mobile streaming are indispensable in research but only sparsely dealt with in literature so far. With this public dataset, we provide 1,081 hours of time-synchronous video measurements at network, transport, and application layer with the native YouTube streaming client on mobile devices. The dataset includes 80 network scenarios with 171 different individual bandwidth settings measured in 5,181 runs with limited bandwidth, 1,939 runs with emulated 3 G/4 G traces, and 4,022 runs with pre-defined bandwidth changes. This corresponds to 332 GB video payload. We present the most relevant quality indicators for scientific use, i.e., initial playback delay, streaming video quality, adaptive video quality changes, video rebuffering events, and streaming phases.

• Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Anika; Hall, Andrew; Wunderer, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Network, 1(2), pp. 215–232. 2021.
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  Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.

  @article{info3-article-2021-5, abstract = {Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Anika and Hall, Andrew and Wunderer, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Network}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, number = 2, pages = {215–232}, title = {Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements}, volume = 1, year = 2021 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2021-5 %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Anika %A Hall, Andrew %A Wunderer, Stefan %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2021 %J Network %N 2 %P 215--232 %T Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements %V 1 %X Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.
• Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge-Cloud Environments for IoT Applications. Nguyen Huu, Thanh; TrungKien, Nguyen; Van Hoa, Ngo; Thu Huong, Truong; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2021.
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  The implementation of IoT applications faces several challenges in practice, such as compliance with QoS requirements, resource constraints and energy consumption. In this context, the joint paradigm for IoT applications can resolve some of the issues arising in pure cloud computing scenarios, such as those related to latency, energy or privacy. Therefore, an environment could be promising for resource and energy-efficient IoT applications that implement VNF bound together into SFC. However, a resource and energy efficient SFC placement requires smart SFC embedding mechanisms in the environment, as several challenges arise, such as IoT service chain modeling and evaluation, the trade-off between resource allocation, energy efficiency and performance, and the resource dynamics. In this article, we address issues in modeling resource and energy utilization for IoT applications in environments. A smart traffic monitoring IP camera system is deployed as a use case for a realistic modeling of a service chain. The system is implemented in our testbed, which is designed and developed specifically to model and investigate the resource and energy utilization of SFC embedding strategies. A resource and energy-aware SFC strategy in the environment for IoT applications is then proposed. Our algorithm is able to cope with dynamic load and resource situations emerging from dynamic SFC requests. The strategy is evaluated systematically in terms of acceptance ratio of SFC requests, resource efficiency and utilization, power consumption, and VNF migrations depending on the offered system load. Results show that our strategy outperforms some existing approaches in terms of resource and energy efficiency, thus it overcomes the relevant challenges from practice and meets the demands of IoT applications.

  @article{info3-article-2021-2, abstract = {The implementation of IoT applications faces several challenges in practice, such as compliance with QoS requirements, resource constraints and energy consumption. In this context, the joint paradigm for IoT applications can resolve some of the issues arising in pure cloud computing scenarios, such as those related to latency, energy or privacy. Therefore, an environment could be promising for resource and energy-efficient IoT applications that implement VNF bound together into SFC. However, a resource and energy efficient SFC placement requires smart SFC embedding mechanisms in the environment, as several challenges arise, such as IoT service chain modeling and evaluation, the trade-off between resource allocation, energy efficiency and performance, and the resource dynamics. In this article, we address issues in modeling resource and energy utilization for IoT applications in environments. A smart traffic monitoring IP camera system is deployed as a use case for a realistic modeling of a service chain. The system is implemented in our testbed, which is designed and developed specifically to model and investigate the resource and energy utilization of SFC embedding strategies. A resource and energy-aware SFC strategy in the environment for IoT applications is then proposed. Our algorithm is able to cope with dynamic load and resource situations emerging from dynamic SFC requests. The strategy is evaluated systematically in terms of acceptance ratio of SFC requests, resource efficiency and utilization, power consumption, and VNF migrations depending on the offered system load. Results show that our strategy outperforms some existing approaches in terms of resource and energy efficiency, thus it overcomes the relevant challenges from practice and meets the demands of IoT applications.}, author = {Nguyen Huu, Thanh and TrungKien, Nguyen and Van Hoa, Ngo and Thu Huong, Truong and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {03}, title = {Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge-Cloud Environments for IoT Applications}, year = 2021 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2021-2 %A Nguyen Huu, Thanh %A TrungKien, Nguyen %A Van Hoa, Ngo %A Thu Huong, Truong %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2021 %J IEEE Internet of Things Journal %T Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge-Cloud Environments for IoT Applications %X The implementation of IoT applications faces several challenges in practice, such as compliance with QoS requirements, resource constraints and energy consumption. In this context, the joint paradigm for IoT applications can resolve some of the issues arising in pure cloud computing scenarios, such as those related to latency, energy or privacy. Therefore, an environment could be promising for resource and energy-efficient IoT applications that implement VNF bound together into SFC. However, a resource and energy efficient SFC placement requires smart SFC embedding mechanisms in the environment, as several challenges arise, such as IoT service chain modeling and evaluation, the trade-off between resource allocation, energy efficiency and performance, and the resource dynamics. In this article, we address issues in modeling resource and energy utilization for IoT applications in environments. A smart traffic monitoring IP camera system is deployed as a use case for a realistic modeling of a service chain. The system is implemented in our testbed, which is designed and developed specifically to model and investigate the resource and energy utilization of SFC embedding strategies. A resource and energy-aware SFC strategy in the environment for IoT applications is then proposed. Our algorithm is able to cope with dynamic load and resource situations emerging from dynamic SFC requests. The strategy is evaluated systematically in terms of acceptance ratio of SFC requests, resource efficiency and utilization, power consumption, and VNF migrations depending on the offered system load. Results show that our strategy outperforms some existing approaches in terms of resource and energy efficiency, thus it overcomes the relevant challenges from practice and meets the demands of IoT applications.
• Uplink vs. Downlink: Machine Learning-Based Quality Prediction for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming. Loh, Frank; Poignée, Fabian; Wamser, Florian; Leidinger, Ferdinand; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Sensors, 21(12), p. 4172. 2021.
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  Streaming video is responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic these days. For this reason, Internet providers and network operators try to make predictions and assessments about the streaming quality for an end user. Current monitoring solutions are based on a variety of different machine learning approaches. The challenge for providers and operators nowadays is that existing approaches require large amounts of data. In this work, the most relevant quality of experience metrics, i.e., the initial playback delay, the video streaming quality, video quality changes, and video rebuffering events, are examined using a voluminous data set of more than 13,000 YouTube video streaming runs that were collected with the native YouTube mobile app. Three Machine Learning models are developed and compared to estimate playback behavior based on uplink request information. The main focus has been on developing a lightweight approach using as few features and as little data as possible, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance.

  @article{info3-article-2021-3, abstract = {Streaming video is responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic these days. For this reason, Internet providers and network operators try to make predictions and assessments about the streaming quality for an end user. Current monitoring solutions are based on a variety of different machine learning approaches. The challenge for providers and operators nowadays is that existing approaches require large amounts of data. In this work, the most relevant quality of experience metrics, i.e., the initial playback delay, the video streaming quality, video quality changes, and video rebuffering events, are examined using a voluminous data set of more than 13,000 YouTube video streaming runs that were collected with the native YouTube mobile app. Three Machine Learning models are developed and compared to estimate playback behavior based on uplink request information. The main focus has been on developing a lightweight approach using as few features and as little data as possible, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Poignée, Fabian and Wamser, Florian and Leidinger, Ferdinand and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = {can}, number = 12, pages = 4172, title = {Uplink vs. Downlink: Machine Learning-Based Quality Prediction for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming}, volume = 21, year = 2021 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2021-3 %A Loh, Frank %A Poignée, Fabian %A Wamser, Florian %A Leidinger, Ferdinand %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2021 %J Sensors %N 12 %P 4172 %T Uplink vs. Downlink: Machine Learning-Based Quality Prediction for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming %V 21 %X Streaming video is responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic these days. For this reason, Internet providers and network operators try to make predictions and assessments about the streaming quality for an end user. Current monitoring solutions are based on a variety of different machine learning approaches. The challenge for providers and operators nowadays is that existing approaches require large amounts of data. In this work, the most relevant quality of experience metrics, i.e., the initial playback delay, the video streaming quality, video quality changes, and video rebuffering events, are examined using a voluminous data set of more than 13,000 YouTube video streaming runs that were collected with the native YouTube mobile app. Three Machine Learning models are developed and compared to estimate playback behavior based on uplink request information. The main focus has been on developing a lightweight approach using as few features and as little data as possible, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance.

• IJNM Special Issue - Editorial - QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks. Wamser, Florian; Alay, Özgü; Metzger, Florian; Valentin, Stefan. In International Journal of Network Management, Special Issue: QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks. 2020.
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  The heterogeneity and variability of Internet applications has increased considerably in recent years. Applications such as video streaming are responsible for a large part of data traffic on the Internet. Internet telephony and video conferencing systems have become part of our daily lives. At the same time, the Internet of Things is striving to exceed previous expectations regarding the number of devices. Furthermore, the proliferation of video games, virtual reality applications, and 360° video applications is increasing. All this leads to specific but different requirements from applications to frameworks, service platforms, and networks. For each service, users desire special service criteria, such as smooth interactivity, fast downloads, high availability, or extensive content. Such requirements can usually be summarized under the term Quality of Experience, i.e., the overall satisfaction of a user with the system cur- rently in use. In the age of big data and dynamic networks, Quality of Experience is still looking for its place, and good solutions are in high demand. This Special Issue addresses the latest advances and challenges in analysis, design, modeling, measurement, and performance evaluation of Quality of Experience and Quality of Experience-oriented metrics and management.

  @article{info3-article-2020-1, abstract = {The heterogeneity and variability of Internet applications has increased considerably in recent years. Applications such as video streaming are responsible for a large part of data traffic on the Internet. Internet telephony and video conferencing systems have become part of our daily lives. At the same time, the Internet of Things is striving to exceed previous expectations regarding the number of devices. Furthermore, the proliferation of video games, virtual reality applications, and 360° video applications is increasing. All this leads to specific but different requirements from applications to frameworks, service platforms, and networks. For each service, users desire special service criteria, such as smooth interactivity, fast downloads, high availability, or extensive content. Such requirements can usually be summarized under the term Quality of Experience, i.e., the overall satisfaction of a user with the system cur- rently in use. In the age of big data and dynamic networks, Quality of Experience is still looking for its place, and good solutions are in high demand. This Special Issue addresses the latest advances and challenges in analysis, design, modeling, measurement, and performance evaluation of Quality of Experience and Quality of Experience-oriented metrics and management.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Alay, Özgü and Metzger, Florian and Valentin, Stefan}, journal = {International Journal of Network Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {03}, title = {IJNM Special Issue - Editorial - QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks}, volume = {Special Issue: QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks}, year = 2020 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2020-1 %A Wamser, Florian %A Alay, Özgü %A Metzger, Florian %A Valentin, Stefan %D 2020 %J International Journal of Network Management %T IJNM Special Issue - Editorial - QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks %V Special Issue: QoE-centric Analysis and Management of Communication Networks %X The heterogeneity and variability of Internet applications has increased considerably in recent years. Applications such as video streaming are responsible for a large part of data traffic on the Internet. Internet telephony and video conferencing systems have become part of our daily lives. At the same time, the Internet of Things is striving to exceed previous expectations regarding the number of devices. Furthermore, the proliferation of video games, virtual reality applications, and 360° video applications is increasing. All this leads to specific but different requirements from applications to frameworks, service platforms, and networks. For each service, users desire special service criteria, such as smooth interactivity, fast downloads, high availability, or extensive content. Such requirements can usually be summarized under the term Quality of Experience, i.e., the overall satisfaction of a user with the system cur- rently in use. In the age of big data and dynamic networks, Quality of Experience is still looking for its place, and good solutions are in high demand. This Special Issue addresses the latest advances and challenges in analysis, design, modeling, measurement, and performance evaluation of Quality of Experience and Quality of Experience-oriented metrics and management.

• Dissecting the performance of YouTube video streaming in mobile networks. Schwind, Anika; Midoglu, Cise; Alay, Özgü; Griwodz, Carsten; Wamser, Florian. In International Journal of Network Management. 2019.
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  Video streaming applications constitute a significant portion of the Internet traffic today, with mobile accounting for more than half of the online video views. The high share of video in the current Internet traffic mix has prompted many studies that examine video streaming through measurements. However, streaming performance depends on many different factors at different layers of the TCP/IP stack. For example, browser selection at the application layer or the choice of protocol in transport layer can have significant impact on the video performance. Furthermore, video performance heavily depends on the underlying network conditions (eg, network and link layers). For mobile networks, the conditions vary significantly, since each operator has a different deployment strategy and configuration. In this paper, we focus on YouTube and carry out a comprehensive study investigating the influence of different factors on streaming performance. Leveraging the Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe (MONROE) test bed that enables experimentation with 13 different network configurations in four countries, we collect more than 1800 measurement samples in operational mobile networks. With this campaign, our goal is to quantify the impact of parameters from different layers on YouTube's streaming quality of experience (QoE). More specifically, we analyze the role of the browser (eg, Firefox and Chrome), the impact of transport protocol (eg, TCP or QUIC), the influence of network bandwidth, and signal coverage on streaming QoE. Our analysis reveals that all these parameters need to be taken into account jointly for network management practices, in order to ensure a high end‐user experience.

  @article{info3-article-2019-2, abstract = {Video streaming applications constitute a significant portion of the Internet traffic today, with mobile accounting for more than half of the online video views. The high share of video in the current Internet traffic mix has prompted many studies that examine video streaming through measurements. However, streaming performance depends on many different factors at different layers of the TCP/IP stack. For example, browser selection at the application layer or the choice of protocol in transport layer can have significant impact on the video performance. Furthermore, video performance heavily depends on the underlying network conditions (eg, network and link layers). For mobile networks, the conditions vary significantly, since each operator has a different deployment strategy and configuration. In this paper, we focus on YouTube and carry out a comprehensive study investigating the influence of different factors on streaming performance. Leveraging the Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe (MONROE) test bed that enables experimentation with 13 different network configurations in four countries, we collect more than 1800 measurement samples in operational mobile networks. With this campaign, our goal is to quantify the impact of parameters from different layers on YouTube's streaming quality of experience (QoE). More specifically, we analyze the role of the browser (eg, Firefox and Chrome), the impact of transport protocol (eg, TCP or QUIC), the influence of network bandwidth, and signal coverage on streaming QoE. Our analysis reveals that all these parameters need to be taken into account jointly for network management practices, in order to ensure a high end‐user experience.}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Midoglu, Cise and Alay, Özgü and Griwodz, Carsten and Wamser, Florian}, journal = {International Journal of Network Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {01}, title = {Dissecting the performance of YouTube video streaming in mobile networks}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2019-2 %A Schwind, Anika %A Midoglu, Cise %A Alay, Özgü %A Griwodz, Carsten %A Wamser, Florian %D 2019 %J International Journal of Network Management %T Dissecting the performance of YouTube video streaming in mobile networks %X Video streaming applications constitute a significant portion of the Internet traffic today, with mobile accounting for more than half of the online video views. The high share of video in the current Internet traffic mix has prompted many studies that examine video streaming through measurements. However, streaming performance depends on many different factors at different layers of the TCP/IP stack. For example, browser selection at the application layer or the choice of protocol in transport layer can have significant impact on the video performance. Furthermore, video performance heavily depends on the underlying network conditions (eg, network and link layers). For mobile networks, the conditions vary significantly, since each operator has a different deployment strategy and configuration. In this paper, we focus on YouTube and carry out a comprehensive study investigating the influence of different factors on streaming performance. Leveraging the Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe (MONROE) test bed that enables experimentation with 13 different network configurations in four countries, we collect more than 1800 measurement samples in operational mobile networks. With this campaign, our goal is to quantify the impact of parameters from different layers on YouTube's streaming quality of experience (QoE). More specifically, we analyze the role of the browser (eg, Firefox and Chrome), the impact of transport protocol (eg, TCP or QUIC), the influence of network bandwidth, and signal coverage on streaming QoE. Our analysis reveals that all these parameters need to be taken into account jointly for network management practices, in order to ensure a high end‐user experience.

• Impact of VNF Placements on QoE Monitoring in the Cloud. Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Popp, Christian; Burger, Valentin; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In International Journal of Network Management, (NEM-18-0120.R1). 2018.
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  @article{info3-article-2018-6, author = {Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Popp, Christian and Burger, Valentin and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {International Journal of Network Management}, keywords = {video-quality}, month = 10, number = {NEM-18-0120.R1}, title = {Impact of VNF Placements on QoE Monitoring in the Cloud}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2018-6 %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Popp, Christian %A Burger, Valentin %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2018 %J International Journal of Network Management %N NEM-18-0120.R1 %T Impact of VNF Placements on QoE Monitoring in the Cloud
• A Generic Approach to Video Buffer Modeling using Discrete-Time Analysis. Burger, Valentin; Zinner, Thomas; Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), 14(33), p. 23. 2018.
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  @article{info3-article-2018-1, author = {Burger, Valentin and Zinner, Thomas and Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {04}, number = 33, pages = 23, title = {A Generic Approach to Video Buffer Modeling using Discrete-Time Analysis}, volume = 14, year = 2018 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2018-1 %A Burger, Valentin %A Zinner, Thomas %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2018 %J ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM) %N 33 %P 23 %T A Generic Approach to Video Buffer Modeling using Discrete-Time Analysis %V 14
• Big-Data Helps SDN to Improve Application Specific Quality of Service. Schwarzmann, Susanna; Blenk, Andreas; Dobrijevic, Ognjen; Jarschel, Michael; Hotho, Andreas; Zinner, Thomas; Wamser, Florian. In Big Data and Software Defined Networks. Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), 2018.
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  This chapter first provides an outline of the current results in the domains of: (a) quality-of-service (QoS) / quality-of-experience (QoE) control and management (CaM) for real-time multimedia services that is supported by software-defined networking (SDN), and (b) big data analytics and methods that are used for QoS/QoE CaM. Then, three specific use case scenarios with respect to video streaming services are presented, so as to illustrate the expected benefits of incorporating big data analytics into SDN-based CaM for the purposes of improving or optimizing QoS/QoE. In the end, we describe our vision and a high-level view of an SDN-based architecture for QoS/QoE CaM that is enriched with big data analytics' functional blocks and summarize corresponding challenges.

  @incollection{info3-incollection-2018-2, abstract = {This chapter first provides an outline of the current results in the domains of: (a) quality-of-service (QoS) / quality-of-experience (QoE) control and management (CaM) for real-time multimedia services that is supported by software-defined networking (SDN), and (b) big data analytics and methods that are used for QoS/QoE CaM. Then, three specific use case scenarios with respect to video streaming services are presented, so as to illustrate the expected benefits of incorporating big data analytics into SDN-based CaM for the purposes of improving or optimizing QoS/QoE. In the end, we describe our vision and a high-level view of an SDN-based architecture for QoS/QoE CaM that is enriched with big data analytics' functional blocks and summarize corresponding challenges.}, author = {Schwarzmann, Susanna and Blenk, Andreas and Dobrijevic, Ognjen and Jarschel, Michael and Hotho, Andreas and Zinner, Thomas and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {Big Data and Software Defined Networks}, keywords = {dfg-sdn}, month = {03}, publisher = {Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)}, title = {Big-Data Helps SDN to Improve Application Specific Quality of Service}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Book Section %1 info3-incollection-2018-2 %A Schwarzmann, Susanna %A Blenk, Andreas %A Dobrijevic, Ognjen %A Jarschel, Michael %A Hotho, Andreas %A Zinner, Thomas %A Wamser, Florian %B Big Data and Software Defined Networks %D 2018 %I Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) %T Big-Data Helps SDN to Improve Application Specific Quality of Service %X This chapter first provides an outline of the current results in the domains of: (a) quality-of-service (QoS) / quality-of-experience (QoE) control and management (CaM) for real-time multimedia services that is supported by software-defined networking (SDN), and (b) big data analytics and methods that are used for QoS/QoE CaM. Then, three specific use case scenarios with respect to video streaming services are presented, so as to illustrate the expected benefits of incorporating big data analytics into SDN-based CaM for the purposes of improving or optimizing QoS/QoE. In the end, we describe our vision and a high-level view of an SDN-based architecture for QoS/QoE CaM that is enriched with big data analytics' functional blocks and summarize corresponding challenges.

• Analytical Model for SDN Signaling Traffic and Flow Table Occupancy and its Application for Various Types of Traffic. Metter, Christopher; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 14(3), pp. 603–615. 2017.
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  Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising networking paradigm overcoming various drawbacks of current communication networks. The control and data plane of switching devices is decoupled and control functions are centralized at the network controller. In SDN, each new flow introduces additional signaling traffic between the switch and the controller. Based on this traffic, rules are created in the flow table of the switch, which specify the forwarding behavior. To avoid table overflows, unused entries are removed after a predefined time-out period. Given a specific traffic mix, the choice of this time-out period affects the trade-off between signaling rate and table occupancy. As a result, network operators have to adjust this parameter to enable a smooth and efficient network operation. Due to the complexity of this problem caused by the various traffic flows in a network, a suitable abstraction is necessary in order to derive valid parameter values in time. The contribution of this work is threefold. Firstly, we formulate a simple analytical model that allows optimizing the network performance with respect to the table occupancy and the signaling rate. Secondly, we validate the model by means of simulation. Thirdly, we illustrate the impact of the time-out period on the signaling traffic and the flow table occupancy for different data-plane traffic mixes and characteristics. This includes scenarios with single application instances, as well as multiple application instances of different application types in an SDN-enabled network.

  @article{info3-article-2017-5, abstract = {Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising networking paradigm overcoming various drawbacks of current communication networks. The control and data plane of switching devices is decoupled and control functions are centralized at the network controller. In SDN, each new flow introduces additional signaling traffic between the switch and the controller. Based on this traffic, rules are created in the flow table of the switch, which specify the forwarding behavior. To avoid table overflows, unused entries are removed after a predefined time-out period. Given a specific traffic mix, the choice of this time-out period affects the trade-off between signaling rate and table occupancy. As a result, network operators have to adjust this parameter to enable a smooth and efficient network operation. Due to the complexity of this problem caused by the various traffic flows in a network, a suitable abstraction is necessary in order to derive valid parameter values in time. The contribution of this work is threefold. Firstly, we formulate a simple analytical model that allows optimizing the network performance with respect to the table occupancy and the signaling rate. Secondly, we validate the model by means of simulation. Thirdly, we illustrate the impact of the time-out period on the signaling traffic and the flow table occupancy for different data-plane traffic mixes and characteristics. This includes scenarios with single application instances, as well as multiple application instances of different application types in an SDN-enabled network.}, author = {Metter, Christopher and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, number = 3, pages = {603-615}, title = {Analytical Model for SDN Signaling Traffic and Flow Table Occupancy and its Application for Various Types of Traffic}, volume = 14, year = 2017 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2017-5 %A Metter, Christopher %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2017 %J IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management %N 3 %P 603-615 %T Analytical Model for SDN Signaling Traffic and Flow Table Occupancy and its Application for Various Types of Traffic %V 14 %X Software Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising networking paradigm overcoming various drawbacks of current communication networks. The control and data plane of switching devices is decoupled and control functions are centralized at the network controller. In SDN, each new flow introduces additional signaling traffic between the switch and the controller. Based on this traffic, rules are created in the flow table of the switch, which specify the forwarding behavior. To avoid table overflows, unused entries are removed after a predefined time-out period. Given a specific traffic mix, the choice of this time-out period affects the trade-off between signaling rate and table occupancy. As a result, network operators have to adjust this parameter to enable a smooth and efficient network operation. Due to the complexity of this problem caused by the various traffic flows in a network, a suitable abstraction is necessary in order to derive valid parameter values in time. The contribution of this work is threefold. Firstly, we formulate a simple analytical model that allows optimizing the network performance with respect to the table occupancy and the signaling rate. Secondly, we validate the model by means of simulation. Thirdly, we illustrate the impact of the time-out period on the signaling traffic and the flow table occupancy for different data-plane traffic mixes and characteristics. This includes scenarios with single application instances, as well as multiple application instances of different application types in an SDN-enabled network.

• Leistungsbewertung von Ressourcenmanagementstrategien für zelluläre und drahtlose Mesh-Netzwerke. Wamser, Florian. In Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Ausgezeichnete Informatikdissertationen 2015. 2016.
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  Heutige Kommunikationsnetzwerke müssen eine große Anzahl an heterogenen Anwendungen und Diensten schultern. Dies gilt zusätzlich zu den Herausforderungen, dass sie kostengünstig sein sollen und schnelles, qualitativ-hochwertiges Internet anbieten müssen. Ein spezialisiertes Ressourcenmanagement kann in vielen dieser Fälle helfen und kann eine Win-Win-Situation für beide Parteien - den Benutzer und das Netzwerk - darstellen. In meiner Dissertation untersuche ich verschiedene neue Ressourcenmanagementansätze zur Leistungsoptimierung und Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz in Zugangsnetzen. Die untersuchten Ansätze arbeiten auf verschiedenen Kommunikationsschichten und erfüllen unterschiedliche Ziele. Am Ende stellt diese Arbeit Empfehlungen für Netzbetreiber dar, wie ein Ressourcenmanagement für unterschiedliche Netzwerktypen und Ziele aussehen kann und welcher Nutzen in Vergleich mit dem erforderlichen Aufwand und der höheren Komplexität zu erwarten ist.

  @article{info3-article-2016-8, abstract = {Heutige Kommunikationsnetzwerke müssen eine große Anzahl an heterogenen Anwendungen und Diensten schultern. Dies gilt zusätzlich zu den Herausforderungen, dass sie kostengünstig sein sollen und schnelles, qualitativ-hochwertiges Internet anbieten müssen. Ein spezialisiertes Ressourcenmanagement kann in vielen dieser Fälle helfen und kann eine Win-Win-Situation für beide Parteien - den Benutzer und das Netzwerk - darstellen. In meiner Dissertation untersuche ich verschiedene neue Ressourcenmanagementansätze zur Leistungsoptimierung und Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz in Zugangsnetzen. Die untersuchten Ansätze arbeiten auf verschiedenen Kommunikationsschichten und erfüllen unterschiedliche Ziele. Am Ende stellt diese Arbeit Empfehlungen für Netzbetreiber dar, wie ein Ressourcenmanagement für unterschiedliche Netzwerktypen und Ziele aussehen kann und welcher Nutzen in Vergleich mit dem erforderlichen Aufwand und der höheren Komplexität zu erwarten ist.}, author = {Wamser, Florian}, journal = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)}, keywords = {can}, title = {Leistungsbewertung von Ressourcenmanagementstrategien für zelluläre und drahtlose Mesh-Netzwerke}, volume = {Ausgezeichnete Informatikdissertationen 2015}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2016-8 %A Wamser, Florian %D 2016 %J Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) %T Leistungsbewertung von Ressourcenmanagementstrategien für zelluläre und drahtlose Mesh-Netzwerke %V Ausgezeichnete Informatikdissertationen 2015 %X Heutige Kommunikationsnetzwerke müssen eine große Anzahl an heterogenen Anwendungen und Diensten schultern. Dies gilt zusätzlich zu den Herausforderungen, dass sie kostengünstig sein sollen und schnelles, qualitativ-hochwertiges Internet anbieten müssen. Ein spezialisiertes Ressourcenmanagement kann in vielen dieser Fälle helfen und kann eine Win-Win-Situation für beide Parteien - den Benutzer und das Netzwerk - darstellen. In meiner Dissertation untersuche ich verschiedene neue Ressourcenmanagementansätze zur Leistungsoptimierung und Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz in Zugangsnetzen. Die untersuchten Ansätze arbeiten auf verschiedenen Kommunikationsschichten und erfüllen unterschiedliche Ziele. Am Ende stellt diese Arbeit Empfehlungen für Netzbetreiber dar, wie ein Ressourcenmanagement für unterschiedliche Netzwerktypen und Ziele aussehen kann und welcher Nutzen in Vergleich mit dem erforderlichen Aufwand und der höheren Komplexität zu erwarten ist.
• Matching Requirements for Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments with Networking Technologies. Zinner, Thomas; Wamser, Florian; Leopold, Helmut; Dobre, Ciprian; Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X.; Garcia, Nuno M. In Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments, C. Dobre, C. X. Mavromoustakis, N. M. Garcia, R. I. Goleva, G. Mastorakis (eds.). Elsevier, 2016.
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  @incollection{info3-incollection-2016-1, author = {Zinner, Thomas and Wamser, Florian and Leopold, Helmut and Dobre, Ciprian and Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X. and Garcia, Nuno M.}, booktitle = {Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments}, editor = {Dobre, Ciprian and Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X. and Garcia, Nuno M. and Goleva, Rossitza I. and Mastorakis, George}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Matching Requirements for Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments with Networking Technologies}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Book Section %1 info3-incollection-2016-1 %A Zinner, Thomas %A Wamser, Florian %A Leopold, Helmut %A Dobre, Ciprian %A Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X. %A Garcia, Nuno M. %B Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments %D 2016 %E Dobre, Ciprian %E Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X. %E Garcia, Nuno M. %E Goleva, Rossitza I. %E Mastorakis, George %I Elsevier %T Matching Requirements for Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments with Networking Technologies
• Next to You: Monitoring Quality of Experience in Cellular Networks from the End-devices. Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Gardlo, Bruno; Sackl, Andreas; Schatz, Raimund. In IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 13(2), pp. 181–196. 2016.
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  A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of both access bandwidth and latency on the QoE of five different services and mobile apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. We evaluate the influence of both constant and dynamically changing network access conditions, tackling in particular the case of fluctuating downlink bandwidth, which is typical in cellular networks. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.

  @article{info3-article-2016-4, abstract = {A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of both access bandwidth and latency on the QoE of five different services and mobile apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. We evaluate the influence of both constant and dynamically changing network access conditions, tackling in particular the case of fluctuating downlink bandwidth, which is typical in cellular networks. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Gardlo, Bruno and Sackl, Andreas and Schatz, Raimund}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {03}, number = 2, pages = {181-196}, title = {Next to You: Monitoring Quality of Experience in Cellular Networks from the End-devices}, volume = 13, year = 2016 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2016-4 %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Gardlo, Bruno %A Sackl, Andreas %A Schatz, Raimund %D 2016 %J IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management %N 2 %P 181-196 %T Next to You: Monitoring Quality of Experience in Cellular Networks from the End-devices %V 13 %X A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of both access bandwidth and latency on the QoE of five different services and mobile apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. We evaluate the influence of both constant and dynamically changing network access conditions, tackling in particular the case of fluctuating downlink bandwidth, which is typical in cellular networks. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.
• Modeling the YouTube Stack: from Packets to Quality of Experience. Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Moldovan, Christian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Computer Networks, 109(2), pp. 211–224. 2016.
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  YouTube is one of the most popular and volume-dominant services in today’s Internet, and has changed the Web for ever. Consequently, network operators are forced to consider it in the design, deployment, and optimization of their networks. Taming YouTube requires a good understanding of the complete YouTube stack, from the network streaming service to the application itself. Understanding the interplays between individual YouTube functionalities and their implications for traffic and user Quality of Experience (QoE) becomes paramount nowadays. In this paper we characterize and model the YouTube stack at different layers, going from the generated network traffic to the QoE perceived by the users watching YouTube videos. Firstly, we present a network traffic model for the YouTube flow control mechanism, which permits to understand how YouTube provisions video traffic flows to users. Secondly, we investigate how traffic is consumed at the client side, deriving a simple model for the YouTube application. Thirdly, we analyze the implications for the end user, and present a model for the quality as perceived by them. This model is finally integrated into a system for real time QoE-based YouTube monitoring, highly useful to operators to assess the performance of their networks for provisioning YouTube videos. The central parameter for all the presented models is the buffer level at the YouTube application layer. This paper provides an extensive compendium of objective tools and models for network operators to better understand the YouTube traffic in their networks, to predict the playback behavior of the video player, and to assess how well they do it in the practice with the satisfaction of their customers watching YouTube.

  @article{info3-article-2016-6, abstract = {YouTube is one of the most popular and volume-dominant services in today’s Internet, and has changed the Web for ever. Consequently, network operators are forced to consider it in the design, deployment, and optimization of their networks. Taming YouTube requires a good understanding of the complete YouTube stack, from the network streaming service to the application itself. Understanding the interplays between individual YouTube functionalities and their implications for traffic and user Quality of Experience (QoE) becomes paramount nowadays. In this paper we characterize and model the YouTube stack at different layers, going from the generated network traffic to the QoE perceived by the users watching YouTube videos. Firstly, we present a network traffic model for the YouTube flow control mechanism, which permits to understand how YouTube provisions video traffic flows to users. Secondly, we investigate how traffic is consumed at the client side, deriving a simple model for the YouTube application. Thirdly, we analyze the implications for the end user, and present a model for the quality as perceived by them. This model is finally integrated into a system for real time QoE-based YouTube monitoring, highly useful to operators to assess the performance of their networks for provisioning YouTube videos. The central parameter for all the presented models is the buffer level at the YouTube application layer. This paper provides an extensive compendium of objective tools and models for network operators to better understand the YouTube traffic in their networks, to predict the playback behavior of the video player, and to assess how well they do it in the practice with the satisfaction of their customers watching YouTube.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Moldovan, Christian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Computer Networks}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, number = 2, pages = {211-224}, title = {Modeling the YouTube Stack: from Packets to Quality of Experience}, volume = 109, year = 2016 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2016-6 %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Moldovan, Christian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %D 2016 %J Computer Networks %N 2 %P 211-224 %T Modeling the YouTube Stack: from Packets to Quality of Experience %V 109 %X YouTube is one of the most popular and volume-dominant services in today’s Internet, and has changed the Web for ever. Consequently, network operators are forced to consider it in the design, deployment, and optimization of their networks. Taming YouTube requires a good understanding of the complete YouTube stack, from the network streaming service to the application itself. Understanding the interplays between individual YouTube functionalities and their implications for traffic and user Quality of Experience (QoE) becomes paramount nowadays. In this paper we characterize and model the YouTube stack at different layers, going from the generated network traffic to the QoE perceived by the users watching YouTube videos. Firstly, we present a network traffic model for the YouTube flow control mechanism, which permits to understand how YouTube provisions video traffic flows to users. Secondly, we investigate how traffic is consumed at the client side, deriving a simple model for the YouTube application. Thirdly, we analyze the implications for the end user, and present a model for the quality as perceived by them. This model is finally integrated into a system for real time QoE-based YouTube monitoring, highly useful to operators to assess the performance of their networks for provisioning YouTube videos. The central parameter for all the presented models is the buffer level at the YouTube application layer. This paper provides an extensive compendium of objective tools and models for network operators to better understand the YouTube traffic in their networks, to predict the playback behavior of the video player, and to assess how well they do it in the practice with the satisfaction of their customers watching YouTube.

• Modeling and Performance Analysis of Application-Aware Resource Management. Wamser, Florian; Blenk, Andreas; Seufert, Michael; Zinner, Thomas; Kellerer, Wolfgang; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In International Journal of Network Management, 25, pp. 223–241. 2015.
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  Application-aware resource management is the approach to tailor access networks to have characteristics beneficial for the running applications and services. This is achieved through the monitoring and integration of key performance indicators from the application layer within the network resource management. The aim is to increase user-perceived quality and network resource efficiency by traffic engineering with the help of these indicators. Using analytic and simulative approaches, this paper provides analysis methods for network operators to quantify the performance gains of alternative resource allocation algorithms that implement the application-aware concept. Network operators can use the proposed methods to evaluate possible performance gain trade-offs between investing in a pure capacity increase (over-provisioning) and the realization of an application-aware resource allocation. For this purpose, we model and analyze the application quality trade-offs of four algorithms for application-aware resource management at a single link in varying traffic situations. The algorithms are chosen with respect to different complexity and implementation level in order to cover the design space in a systematic way. The study of the algorithms focuses on the application-layer performance for the most used applications today, namely web browsing and video streaming with constant bit-rate as well as HTTP progressive streaming with variable bit-rate. Application quality trade-offs are analyzed in particular for a high resource utilization at a bottleneck link. The results confirm that application-aware resource management outperforms best-effort resource management in terms of QoE. Moreover, our study provides guidelines for the selection and configuration of the evaluated algorithms.

  @article{info3-article-2015-134, abstract = {Application-aware resource management is the approach to tailor access networks to have characteristics beneficial for the running applications and services. This is achieved through the monitoring and integration of key performance indicators from the application layer within the network resource management. The aim is to increase user-perceived quality and network resource efficiency by traffic engineering with the help of these indicators. Using analytic and simulative approaches, this paper provides analysis methods for network operators to quantify the performance gains of alternative resource allocation algorithms that implement the application-aware concept. Network operators can use the proposed methods to evaluate possible performance gain trade-offs between investing in a pure capacity increase (over-provisioning) and the realization of an application-aware resource allocation. For this purpose, we model and analyze the application quality trade-offs of four algorithms for application-aware resource management at a single link in varying traffic situations. The algorithms are chosen with respect to different complexity and implementation level in order to cover the design space in a systematic way. The study of the algorithms focuses on the application-layer performance for the most used applications today, namely web browsing and video streaming with constant bit-rate as well as HTTP progressive streaming with variable bit-rate. Application quality trade-offs are analyzed in particular for a high resource utilization at a bottleneck link. The results confirm that application-aware resource management outperforms best-effort resource management in terms of QoE. Moreover, our study provides guidelines for the selection and configuration of the evaluated algorithms.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Blenk, Andreas and Seufert, Michael and Zinner, Thomas and Kellerer, Wolfgang and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {International Journal of Network Management}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {07}, pages = {223-241}, title = {Modeling and Performance Analysis of Application-Aware Resource Management}, volume = 25, year = 2015 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2015-134 %A Wamser, Florian %A Blenk, Andreas %A Seufert, Michael %A Zinner, Thomas %A Kellerer, Wolfgang %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2015 %J International Journal of Network Management %P 223-241 %T Modeling and Performance Analysis of Application-Aware Resource Management %V 25 %X Application-aware resource management is the approach to tailor access networks to have characteristics beneficial for the running applications and services. This is achieved through the monitoring and integration of key performance indicators from the application layer within the network resource management. The aim is to increase user-perceived quality and network resource efficiency by traffic engineering with the help of these indicators. Using analytic and simulative approaches, this paper provides analysis methods for network operators to quantify the performance gains of alternative resource allocation algorithms that implement the application-aware concept. Network operators can use the proposed methods to evaluate possible performance gain trade-offs between investing in a pure capacity increase (over-provisioning) and the realization of an application-aware resource allocation. For this purpose, we model and analyze the application quality trade-offs of four algorithms for application-aware resource management at a single link in varying traffic situations. The algorithms are chosen with respect to different complexity and implementation level in order to cover the design space in a systematic way. The study of the algorithms focuses on the application-layer performance for the most used applications today, namely web browsing and video streaming with constant bit-rate as well as HTTP progressive streaming with variable bit-rate. Application quality trade-offs are analyzed in particular for a high resource utilization at a bottleneck link. The results confirm that application-aware resource management outperforms best-effort resource management in terms of QoE. Moreover, our study provides guidelines for the selection and configuration of the evaluated algorithms.
• Green Wireless Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks. Bernardo, Vitor; Braun, Torsten; Curado, Marilia; Fiedler, Markus; Hock, David; Hossmann, Theus; Hummel, Karin A.; Hurni, Philipp; Ickin, Selim; Jamakovic, Almerima; Nadjm-Tehrani, Simin; Ahn Trinh, Tuan; Jon Vergara, Ekhiotz; Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas. In Large-scale Distributed Systems and Energy Efficiency: A Holistic View, J.-M. Pierson (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015.
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  Summary Wireless networks have become more and more popular because of ease of installation, ease of access, and support of smart terminals and gadgets on the move. In the overall life cycle of providing green wireless technology, from production to operation and, finally, removal, this chapter focuses on the operation phase and summarizes insights in energy consumption of major technologies. The chapter also focuses on the edge of the network, comprising network access points (APs) and mobile user devices. It discusses particularities of most important wireless networking technologies: wireless access networks including 3G/LTE and wireless mesh networks (WMNs); wireless sensor networks (WSNs); and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks. Concerning energy efficiency, the chapter discusses challenges in access, wireless sensor, and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks.

  @incollection{info3-incollection-2014-23, abstract = {Summary Wireless networks have become more and more popular because of ease of installation, ease of access, and support of smart terminals and gadgets on the move. In the overall life cycle of providing green wireless technology, from production to operation and, finally, removal, this chapter focuses on the operation phase and summarizes insights in energy consumption of major technologies. The chapter also focuses on the edge of the network, comprising network access points (APs) and mobile user devices. It discusses particularities of most important wireless networking technologies: wireless access networks including 3G/LTE and wireless mesh networks (WMNs); wireless sensor networks (WSNs); and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks. Concerning energy efficiency, the chapter discusses challenges in access, wireless sensor, and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks.}, author = {Bernardo, Vitor and Braun, Torsten and Curado, Marilia and Fiedler, Markus and Hock, David and Hossmann, Theus and Hummel, Karin A. and Hurni, Philipp and Ickin, Selim and Jamakovic, Almerima and Nadjm-Tehrani, Simin and Ahn Trinh, Tuan and Jon Vergara, Ekhiotz and Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas}, booktitle = {Large-scale Distributed Systems and Energy Efficiency: A Holistic View}, editor = {Pierson, Jean-Marc}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd}, title = {Green Wireless Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Book Section %1 info3-incollection-2014-23 %A Bernardo, Vitor %A Braun, Torsten %A Curado, Marilia %A Fiedler, Markus %A Hock, David %A Hossmann, Theus %A Hummel, Karin A. %A Hurni, Philipp %A Ickin, Selim %A Jamakovic, Almerima %A Nadjm-Tehrani, Simin %A Ahn Trinh, Tuan %A Jon Vergara, Ekhiotz %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %B Large-scale Distributed Systems and Energy Efficiency: A Holistic View %D 2015 %E Pierson, Jean-Marc %I John Wiley & Sons, Ltd %T Green Wireless Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks %X Summary Wireless networks have become more and more popular because of ease of installation, ease of access, and support of smart terminals and gadgets on the move. In the overall life cycle of providing green wireless technology, from production to operation and, finally, removal, this chapter focuses on the operation phase and summarizes insights in energy consumption of major technologies. The chapter also focuses on the edge of the network, comprising network access points (APs) and mobile user devices. It discusses particularities of most important wireless networking technologies: wireless access networks including 3G/LTE and wireless mesh networks (WMNs); wireless sensor networks (WSNs); and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks. Concerning energy efficiency, the chapter discusses challenges in access, wireless sensor, and ad-hoc and opportunistic networks.
• Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) und Software Defined Networking (SDN): Forschungsfragen und Anwendungsfälle. Blenk, Andreas; Basta, Arsany; Kellerer, Wolfgang; Zinner, Thomas; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ITG Mitgliederbeiträge / VDE dialog (invited article), pp. 10–13. 2015.
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  @article{info3-article-2015-8, author = {Blenk, Andreas and Basta, Arsany and Kellerer, Wolfgang and Zinner, Thomas and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {ITG Mitgliederbeiträge / VDE dialog (invited article)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {01}, pages = {10-13}, title = {Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) und Software Defined Networking (SDN): Forschungsfragen und Anwendungsfälle}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2015-8 %A Blenk, Andreas %A Basta, Arsany %A Kellerer, Wolfgang %A Zinner, Thomas %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2015 %J ITG Mitgliederbeiträge / VDE dialog (invited article) %P 10-13 %T Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) und Software Defined Networking (SDN): Forschungsfragen und Anwendungsfälle

• Using Buffered Playtime for QoE-Oriented Resource Management of YouTube Video Streaming. Wamser, Florian; Hock, David; Seufert, Michael; Staehle, Barbara; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 24, pp. 288–302. 2013.
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  YouTube is the most important online platform for streaming video clips. The popularity and the continuously increasing number of users pose new challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In particular, in access networks where the transmission resources are limited and the providers are interested in reducing their operational expenditure, it is worth to efficiently optimize the network for popular services such as YouTube. In this paper, we propose different resource management mechanisms to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of YouTube users. In particular, we investigate the benefit of cross-layer resource management actions at the client and in the access network for YouTube video streaming. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in a wireless mesh testbed. The results show how to improve the YouTube QoE for the users with the help of client-based or network-based control actions.

  @article{info3-article-2013-109, abstract = {YouTube is the most important online platform for streaming video clips. The popularity and the continuously increasing number of users pose new challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In particular, in access networks where the transmission resources are limited and the providers are interested in reducing their operational expenditure, it is worth to efficiently optimize the network for popular services such as YouTube. In this paper, we propose different resource management mechanisms to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of YouTube users. In particular, we investigate the benefit of cross-layer resource management actions at the client and in the access network for YouTube video streaming. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in a wireless mesh testbed. The results show how to improve the YouTube QoE for the users with the help of client-based or network-based control actions.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Hock, David and Seufert, Michael and Staehle, Barbara and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {04}, pages = {288–302}, title = {Using Buffered Playtime for QoE-Oriented Resource Management of YouTube Video Streaming}, volume = 24, year = 2013 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2013-109 %A Wamser, Florian %A Hock, David %A Seufert, Michael %A Staehle, Barbara %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2013 %J Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies %P 288–302 %T Using Buffered Playtime for QoE-Oriented Resource Management of YouTube Video Streaming %V 24 %X YouTube is the most important online platform for streaming video clips. The popularity and the continuously increasing number of users pose new challenges for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In particular, in access networks where the transmission resources are limited and the providers are interested in reducing their operational expenditure, it is worth to efficiently optimize the network for popular services such as YouTube. In this paper, we propose different resource management mechanisms to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of YouTube users. In particular, we investigate the benefit of cross-layer resource management actions at the client and in the access network for YouTube video streaming. The proposed algorithms are evaluated in a wireless mesh testbed. The results show how to improve the YouTube QoE for the users with the help of client-based or network-based control actions.
• OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks. Hock, David; Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation, 36, p. 40. 2013.
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  @article{info3-article-2013-112, author = {Hock, David and Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {02}, pages = 40, title = {OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks}, volume = 36, year = 2013 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2013-112 %A Hock, David %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2013 %J PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation %P 40 %T OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks %V 36

• Quality of Experience Management for YouTube: Clouds, FoG and the AquareYoum. Hoßfeld, Tobias; Liers, Florian; Schatz, Raimund; Staehle, Barbara; Staehle, Dirk; Volkert, Thomas; Wamser, Florian. In PIK - Praxis der Informationverarbeitung und -kommunikation (PIK). 2012.
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  Over the last decade, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become a new, central paradigm for understanding the quality of networks and services. In particular, the concept has attracted the interest of communication network and service providers, since being able to guarantee good QoE to customers provides an opportunity for differentiation. In this paper we investigate the potential as well as the implementation challenges of QoE management in the Internet. Using YouTube video streaming service as example, we discuss the different elements that are required for the realization of the paradigm-shift towards truly user-centric network orchestration. To this end, we elaborate QoE management requirements for two complementary network scenarios (wireless mesh Internet access networks vs. global Internet delivery) and provide a QoE model for YouTube taking into account impairments like stalling and initial delay. We present two YouTube QoE monitoring approaches operating on the network and the end user level. Finally, we demonstrate how QoE can be dynamically optimized in both network scenarios with two exemplary concepts, AquareYoum and FoG, respectively. Our results show how QoE management can truly improve the user experience while at the same time increase the efficiency of network resource allocation.

  @article{info3-article-2012-103, abstract = {Over the last decade, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become a new, central paradigm for understanding the quality of networks and services. In particular, the concept has attracted the interest of communication network and service providers, since being able to guarantee good QoE to customers provides an opportunity for differentiation. In this paper we investigate the potential as well as the implementation challenges of QoE management in the Internet. Using YouTube video streaming service as example, we discuss the different elements that are required for the realization of the paradigm-shift towards truly user-centric network orchestration. To this end, we elaborate QoE management requirements for two complementary network scenarios (wireless mesh Internet access networks vs. global Internet delivery) and provide a QoE model for YouTube taking into account impairments like stalling and initial delay. We present two YouTube QoE monitoring approaches operating on the network and the end user level. Finally, we demonstrate how QoE can be dynamically optimized in both network scenarios with two exemplary concepts, AquareYoum and FoG, respectively. Our results show how QoE management can truly improve the user experience while at the same time increase the efficiency of network resource allocation.}, author = {Hoßfeld, Tobias and Liers, Florian and Schatz, Raimund and Staehle, Barbara and Staehle, Dirk and Volkert, Thomas and Wamser, Florian}, journal = {PIK - Praxis der Informationverarbeitung und -kommunikation (PIK)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {08}, title = {Quality of Experience Management for YouTube: Clouds, FoG and the AquareYoum}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2012-103 %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Liers, Florian %A Schatz, Raimund %A Staehle, Barbara %A Staehle, Dirk %A Volkert, Thomas %A Wamser, Florian %D 2012 %J PIK - Praxis der Informationverarbeitung und -kommunikation (PIK) %T Quality of Experience Management for YouTube: Clouds, FoG and the AquareYoum %X Over the last decade, Quality of Experience (QoE) has become a new, central paradigm for understanding the quality of networks and services. In particular, the concept has attracted the interest of communication network and service providers, since being able to guarantee good QoE to customers provides an opportunity for differentiation. In this paper we investigate the potential as well as the implementation challenges of QoE management in the Internet. Using YouTube video streaming service as example, we discuss the different elements that are required for the realization of the paradigm-shift towards truly user-centric network orchestration. To this end, we elaborate QoE management requirements for two complementary network scenarios (wireless mesh Internet access networks vs. global Internet delivery) and provide a QoE model for YouTube taking into account impairments like stalling and initial delay. We present two YouTube QoE monitoring approaches operating on the network and the end user level. Finally, we demonstrate how QoE can be dynamically optimized in both network scenarios with two exemplary concepts, AquareYoum and FoG, respectively. Our results show how QoE management can truly improve the user experience while at the same time increase the efficiency of network resource allocation.

• AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks. Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Hirth, Matthias; Stezenbach, David; Staehle, Dirk. In PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation. 2011.
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  The browser has become the users’ interface to a plethora of Internet applications which are accessible from nearly everywhere and every device. The price for the simple and cheap access over the Internet is often a reduced end-user quality of experience (QoE). The reason for this is that the network ignores the content of the packets it transports and thereby neither knows which services it supports, nor if and which quality requirements have to be given. In addition, the needs of the applications can be time varying, and the network might not be able to give strict quality guarantees. We therefore advocate the idea of an application-network interaction in order to dynamically adapt the network resources if a QoE degradation is imminent. The software suite AquareYoum implements this approach and enables a smooth YouTube video playback in a congested wireless mesh Internet access network by dynamically selecting the least congested Internet gateway.

  @article{info3-article-2011-85, abstract = {The browser has become the users’ interface to a plethora of Internet applications which are accessible from nearly everywhere and every device. The price for the simple and cheap access over the Internet is often a reduced end-user quality of experience (QoE). The reason for this is that the network ignores the content of the packets it transports and thereby neither knows which services it supports, nor if and which quality requirements have to be given. In addition, the needs of the applications can be time varying, and the network might not be able to give strict quality guarantees. We therefore advocate the idea of an application-network interaction in order to dynamically adapt the network resources if a QoE degradation is imminent. The software suite AquareYoum implements this approach and enables a smooth YouTube video playback in a congested wireless mesh Internet access network by dynamically selecting the least congested Internet gateway.}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Hirth, Matthias and Stezenbach, David and Staehle, Dirk}, journal = {PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, title = {AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2011 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2011-85 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Hirth, Matthias %A Stezenbach, David %A Staehle, Dirk %D 2011 %J PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation %T AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks %X The browser has become the users’ interface to a plethora of Internet applications which are accessible from nearly everywhere and every device. The price for the simple and cheap access over the Internet is often a reduced end-user quality of experience (QoE). The reason for this is that the network ignores the content of the packets it transports and thereby neither knows which services it supports, nor if and which quality requirements have to be given. In addition, the needs of the applications can be time varying, and the network might not be able to give strict quality guarantees. We therefore advocate the idea of an application-network interaction in order to dynamically adapt the network resources if a QoE degradation is imminent. The software suite AquareYoum implements this approach and enables a smooth YouTube video playback in a congested wireless mesh Internet access network by dynamically selecting the least congested Internet gateway.

• Impact of Electrical and Mechanical Antenna Downtilt on a WiMAX System with Fractional Frequency Reuse. Wamser, Florian; Mittelstädt, David; Staehle, Dirk; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In FREQUENZ - Journal of RF-Engineering and Telecommunications, September/October. 2010.
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  In an interference-limited mobile WiMAX network, efficient cell planning and tuning is an essential task to ensure a functioning network. This includes the selection of the optimal settings for the antenna to, on the one hand provide a good coverage and on the other hand achieve cell isolation. Two different antenna tilting methods are examined in this article, namely the mechanical and the electrical vertical downtilt. The evaluation is done with an advanced WiMAX IEEE 802.16e simulator. In particular, the impact of the antenna configuration on WiMAX fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is studied. The results show a high dependency of FFR to the downtilt configuration, since the inter-cell interference level changes significantly with different settings.

  @article{info3-article-2010-80, abstract = {In an interference-limited mobile WiMAX network, efficient cell planning and tuning is an essential task to ensure a functioning network. This includes the selection of the optimal settings for the antenna to, on the one hand provide a good coverage and on the other hand achieve cell isolation. Two different antenna tilting methods are examined in this article, namely the mechanical and the electrical vertical downtilt. The evaluation is done with an advanced WiMAX IEEE 802.16e simulator. In particular, the impact of the antenna configuration on WiMAX fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is studied. The results show a high dependency of FFR to the downtilt configuration, since the inter-cell interference level changes significantly with different settings.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Mittelstädt, David and Staehle, Dirk and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {FREQUENZ - Journal of RF-Engineering and Telecommunications}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {09}, title = {Impact of Electrical and Mechanical Antenna Downtilt on a WiMAX System with Fractional Frequency Reuse}, volume = {September/October}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2010-80 %A Wamser, Florian %A Mittelstädt, David %A Staehle, Dirk %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2010 %J FREQUENZ - Journal of RF-Engineering and Telecommunications %T Impact of Electrical and Mechanical Antenna Downtilt on a WiMAX System with Fractional Frequency Reuse %V September/October %X In an interference-limited mobile WiMAX network, efficient cell planning and tuning is an essential task to ensure a functioning network. This includes the selection of the optimal settings for the antenna to, on the one hand provide a good coverage and on the other hand achieve cell isolation. Two different antenna tilting methods are examined in this article, namely the mechanical and the electrical vertical downtilt. The evaluation is done with an advanced WiMAX IEEE 802.16e simulator. In particular, the impact of the antenna configuration on WiMAX fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is studied. The results show a high dependency of FFR to the downtilt configuration, since the inter-cell interference level changes significantly with different settings.
• Traffic characterization of a residential wireless Internet access. Wamser, Florian; Pries, Rastin; Staehle, Dirk; Heck, Klaus; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Special Issue of the Telecommunication Systems (TS) Journal, 48: 1-2. 2010.
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  Traffic characterization is an important means for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to adapt and to optimize their networks to the requirements of the customers. Most network measurements are performed in the backbone of these ISPs, showing both, residential and business Internet traffic. However, the traffic characteristics of business and home users differ significantly. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect only home user traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements, showing daily traffic fluctuations, flow statistics as well as application distributions. The results show a difference to backbone traffic characteristics. Furthermore, we observed a shift from web and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing traffic to streaming applications.

  @article{info3-article-2010-73, abstract = {Traffic characterization is an important means for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to adapt and to optimize their networks to the requirements of the customers. Most network measurements are performed in the backbone of these ISPs, showing both, residential and business Internet traffic. However, the traffic characteristics of business and home users differ significantly. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect only home user traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements, showing daily traffic fluctuations, flow statistics as well as application distributions. The results show a difference to backbone traffic characteristics. Furthermore, we observed a shift from web and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing traffic to streaming applications.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Pries, Rastin and Staehle, Dirk and Heck, Klaus and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {Special Issue of the Telecommunication Systems (TS) Journal}, keywords = {sys:hidden:article}, month = {05}, title = {Traffic characterization of a residential wireless Internet access}, volume = {48: 1-2}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2010-73 %A Wamser, Florian %A Pries, Rastin %A Staehle, Dirk %A Heck, Klaus %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2010 %J Special Issue of the Telecommunication Systems (TS) Journal %T Traffic characterization of a residential wireless Internet access %V 48: 1-2 %X Traffic characterization is an important means for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to adapt and to optimize their networks to the requirements of the customers. Most network measurements are performed in the backbone of these ISPs, showing both, residential and business Internet traffic. However, the traffic characteristics of business and home users differ significantly. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect only home user traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements, showing daily traffic fluctuations, flow statistics as well as application distributions. The results show a difference to backbone traffic characteristics. Furthermore, we observed a shift from web and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing traffic to streaming applications.

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• Machine Learning Based Study of QoE Metrics in Twitch. tv Live Streaming. Loh, Frank; Hildebrand, Kathrin; Wamser, Florian; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). 2023.
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  Video streaming generates most network traffic in today’s Internet. For that reason, video on demand streaming is researched heavily in recent years, and many traffic monitoring mechanisms, flow and stream models, and models to predict the user perceived quality are well established. However, the quickly growing live streaming sector is not considered in these Quality of Experience models and not even the relation between network traffic and playback quality has been studied so far, forming a gap in literature. For that reason, we investigate Twitch.tv streaming as one of the largest live streaming platforms based on a large dataset and investigate the possibility to predict live streaming quality based on uplink request information. We apply approaches that are well studied for on demand streaming to predict quality changes, playback quality, and video interruption events as the most important metrics impairing user perceived quality. In this context, we answer whether these models are suitable for live streaming, if small changes are sufficient for satisfactory prediction results, or if fundamental changes and new models are required.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-17, abstract = {Video streaming generates most network traffic in today’s Internet. For that reason, video on demand streaming is researched heavily in recent years, and many traffic monitoring mechanisms, flow and stream models, and models to predict the user perceived quality are well established. However, the quickly growing live streaming sector is not considered in these Quality of Experience models and not even the relation between network traffic and playback quality has been studied so far, forming a gap in literature. For that reason, we investigate Twitch.tv streaming as one of the largest live streaming platforms based on a large dataset and investigate the possibility to predict live streaming quality based on uplink request information. We apply approaches that are well studied for on demand streaming to predict quality changes, playback quality, and video interruption events as the most important metrics impairing user perceived quality. In this context, we answer whether these models are suitable for live streaming, if small changes are sufficient for satisfactory prediction results, or if fundamental changes and new models are required.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Hildebrand, Kathrin and Wamser, Florian and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {05}, title = {Machine Learning Based Study of QoE Metrics in Twitch. tv Live Streaming}, year = 2023 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2023-17 %A Loh, Frank %A Hildebrand, Kathrin %A Wamser, Florian %A Geißler, Stefan %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS) %D 2023 %T Machine Learning Based Study of QoE Metrics in Twitch. tv Live Streaming %X Video streaming generates most network traffic in today’s Internet. For that reason, video on demand streaming is researched heavily in recent years, and many traffic monitoring mechanisms, flow and stream models, and models to predict the user perceived quality are well established. However, the quickly growing live streaming sector is not considered in these Quality of Experience models and not even the relation between network traffic and playback quality has been studied so far, forming a gap in literature. For that reason, we investigate Twitch.tv streaming as one of the largest live streaming platforms based on a large dataset and investigate the possibility to predict live streaming quality based on uplink request information. We apply approaches that are well studied for on demand streaming to predict quality changes, playback quality, and video interruption events as the most important metrics impairing user perceived quality. In this context, we answer whether these models are suitable for live streaming, if small changes are sufficient for satisfactory prediction results, or if fundamental changes and new models are required.

• Trust but Verify: Crowdsourced Mobile Network Measurements and Statistical Validity Measures. Seufert, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Wunderer, Stefan; Hall, Andrew; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit). Porto, Portugal (virtual conference), 2021.
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  Network operators, regulators, and big data companies use crowdsourced measurements to study the performance of mobile networks on a large scale. Such a type of measurement is defined as the collection and processing of data measured by the crowd, here the crowd of mobile subscribers. Crowdsourced network measurements make it relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain large amounts of network data that also reflect the quality actually received by the end user. However, this measurement method also involves some uncertainties, since, for example, it is not possible to precisely control when, where and with which devices measurements are taken. Thus, there is a trade-off between the reliability of the individual measurement and the scope of the measurements. Therefore, how data of this type is analyzed is particularly important in order to obtain valid results. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the validity of crowdsourced mobile network measurements. In particular, we address precision, for example the number of measurements needed to make valid statements, and also representativeness, for example the spatial and temporal distribution of the data. In addition to the formal definition of these two aspects, we illustrate the issue and possible evaluation approaches with the help of an extensive example data set. This data set consists of more than 11.7M crowdsourced mobile measurements from all over France, measured by a commercial mobile data provider. In the end, we provide an evaluation guideline and two possible use cases.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-11, abstract = {Network operators, regulators, and big data companies use crowdsourced measurements to study the performance of mobile networks on a large scale. Such a type of measurement is defined as the collection and processing of data measured by the crowd, here the crowd of mobile subscribers. Crowdsourced network measurements make it relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain large amounts of network data that also reflect the quality actually received by the end user. However, this measurement method also involves some uncertainties, since, for example, it is not possible to precisely control when, where and with which devices measurements are taken. Thus, there is a trade-off between the reliability of the individual measurement and the scope of the measurements. Therefore, how data of this type is analyzed is particularly important in order to obtain valid results. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the validity of crowdsourced mobile network measurements. In particular, we address precision, for example the number of measurements needed to make valid statements, and also representativeness, for example the spatial and temporal distribution of the data. In addition to the formal definition of these two aspects, we illustrate the issue and possible evaluation approaches with the help of an extensive example data set. This data set consists of more than 11.7M crowdsourced mobile measurements from all over France, measured by a commercial mobile data provider. In the end, we provide an evaluation guideline and two possible use cases.}, address = {Porto, Portugal (virtual conference)}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Wunderer, Stefan and Hall, Andrew and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Trust but Verify: Crowdsourced Mobile Network Measurements and Statistical Validity Measures}, year = 2021 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2021-11 %A Seufert, Anika %A Wamser, Florian %A Wunderer, Stefan %A Hall, Andrew %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit) %C Porto, Portugal (virtual conference) %D 2021 %T Trust but Verify: Crowdsourced Mobile Network Measurements and Statistical Validity Measures %X Network operators, regulators, and big data companies use crowdsourced measurements to study the performance of mobile networks on a large scale. Such a type of measurement is defined as the collection and processing of data measured by the crowd, here the crowd of mobile subscribers. Crowdsourced network measurements make it relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain large amounts of network data that also reflect the quality actually received by the end user. However, this measurement method also involves some uncertainties, since, for example, it is not possible to precisely control when, where and with which devices measurements are taken. Thus, there is a trade-off between the reliability of the individual measurement and the scope of the measurements. Therefore, how data of this type is analyzed is particularly important in order to obtain valid results. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the validity of crowdsourced mobile network measurements. In particular, we address precision, for example the number of measurements needed to make valid statements, and also representativeness, for example the spatial and temporal distribution of the data. In addition to the formal definition of these two aspects, we illustrate the issue and possible evaluation approaches with the help of an extensive example data set. This data set consists of more than 11.7M crowdsourced mobile measurements from all over France, measured by a commercial mobile data provider. In the end, we provide an evaluation guideline and two possible use cases.
• Signaling Traffic in Internet-of-Things Mobile Networks. Geissler, Stefan; Wamser, Florian; Bauer, Wolfang; Krolikowski, Michael; Gebert, Steffen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021). Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference), 2021.
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  The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to play an increasingly important role in next-generation mobile networks. Detailed knowledge of this type of traffic and the associated signaling in those networks is of interest to operators and standardization in order to run these networks successfully. The aim of this study is to characterize IoT signaling traffic for mobile communication networks (i) from a network operator’s point of view, (ii) at device level, and (iii) for the establishment of data connections. General statistics on signaling and device behavior, such as the observed IoT traffic volume and message composition, are given before device classes with statistically different signaling behavior are identified. Finally, by characterizing the aggre- gated signaling traffic, we show that the Markov assumption, widespread in standardization and literature, regarding the aggregated arrival process for data connections does not apply in reality.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-1, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to play an increasingly important role in next-generation mobile networks. Detailed knowledge of this type of traffic and the associated signaling in those networks is of interest to operators and standardization in order to run these networks successfully. The aim of this study is to characterize IoT signaling traffic for mobile communication networks (i) from a network operator’s point of view, (ii) at device level, and (iii) for the establishment of data connections. General statistics on signaling and device behavior, such as the observed IoT traffic volume and message composition, are given before device classes with statistically different signaling behavior are identified. Finally, by characterizing the aggre- gated signaling traffic, we show that the Markov assumption, widespread in standardization and literature, regarding the aggregated arrival process for data connections does not apply in reality.}, address = {Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Wamser, Florian and Bauer, Wolfang and Krolikowski, Michael and Gebert, Steffen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Signaling Traffic in Internet-of-Things Mobile Networks}, year = 2021 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2021-1 %A Geissler, Stefan %A Wamser, Florian %A Bauer, Wolfang %A Krolikowski, Michael %A Gebert, Steffen %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021) %C Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference) %D 2021 %T Signaling Traffic in Internet-of-Things Mobile Networks %X The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to play an increasingly important role in next-generation mobile networks. Detailed knowledge of this type of traffic and the associated signaling in those networks is of interest to operators and standardization in order to run these networks successfully. The aim of this study is to characterize IoT signaling traffic for mobile communication networks (i) from a network operator’s point of view, (ii) at device level, and (iii) for the establishment of data connections. General statistics on signaling and device behavior, such as the observed IoT traffic volume and message composition, are given before device classes with statistically different signaling behavior are identified. Finally, by characterizing the aggre- gated signaling traffic, we show that the Markov assumption, widespread in standardization and literature, regarding the aggregated arrival process for data connections does not apply in reality.
• QoE Models in the Wild: Comparing Video QoE Models Using a Crowdsourced Data Set. Seufert, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Yarish, David; Macdonald, Hunter; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2021 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Montreal, Canada (virtual conference), 2021.
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  Crowdsourced measurements solve the problem of being able to assess the performance of a communication network from an end-user perspective, but the new characteristics of the data pose new challenges for QoE modeling. In contrast to existing laboratory or network measurements, this type of measurement at the end-user device primarily involves taking a large number of short sample measurements, which, however, are rich in measured parameters, including many user-, application-, and device-related parameters. To test the applicability and to facilitate the integration of such data, we applied four QoE models from the literature to 290k worldwide video streaming measurements from a commercial data set from August to October 2020. In this work, we will therefore first describe the crowdsourcing video streaming data set to provide insights into the properties of video streaming KPIs in the real-world. Second, we run four popular QoE models using this data set, compare the resulting QoE scores, and derive the impact of individual KPIs for each model. We show that the models assess the QoE at least differently, but sometimes with contradicting statements. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that more work and subjective studies, based on real-world data like the one we have shown, are needed to extend the current QoE models.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-12, abstract = {Crowdsourced measurements solve the problem of being able to assess the performance of a communication network from an end-user perspective, but the new characteristics of the data pose new challenges for QoE modeling. In contrast to existing laboratory or network measurements, this type of measurement at the end-user device primarily involves taking a large number of short sample measurements, which, however, are rich in measured parameters, including many user-, application-, and device-related parameters. To test the applicability and to facilitate the integration of such data, we applied four QoE models from the literature to 290k worldwide video streaming measurements from a commercial data set from August to October 2020. In this work, we will therefore first describe the crowdsourcing video streaming data set to provide insights into the properties of video streaming KPIs in the real-world. Second, we run four popular QoE models using this data set, compare the resulting QoE scores, and derive the impact of individual KPIs for each model. We show that the models assess the QoE at least differently, but sometimes with contradicting statements. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that more work and subjective studies, based on real-world data like the one we have shown, are needed to extend the current QoE models.}, address = {Montreal, Canada (virtual conference)}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Yarish, David and Macdonald, Hunter and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2021 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {QoE Models in the Wild: Comparing Video QoE Models Using a Crowdsourced Data Set}, year = 2021 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2021-12 %A Seufert, Anika %A Wamser, Florian %A Yarish, David %A Macdonald, Hunter %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 2021 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) %C Montreal, Canada (virtual conference) %D 2021 %T QoE Models in the Wild: Comparing Video QoE Models Using a Crowdsourced Data Set %X Crowdsourced measurements solve the problem of being able to assess the performance of a communication network from an end-user perspective, but the new characteristics of the data pose new challenges for QoE modeling. In contrast to existing laboratory or network measurements, this type of measurement at the end-user device primarily involves taking a large number of short sample measurements, which, however, are rich in measured parameters, including many user-, application-, and device-related parameters. To test the applicability and to facilitate the integration of such data, we applied four QoE models from the literature to 290k worldwide video streaming measurements from a commercial data set from August to October 2020. In this work, we will therefore first describe the crowdsourcing video streaming data set to provide insights into the properties of video streaming KPIs in the real-world. Second, we run four popular QoE models using this data set, compare the resulting QoE scores, and derive the impact of individual KPIs for each model. We show that the models assess the QoE at least differently, but sometimes with contradicting statements. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that more work and subjective studies, based on real-world data like the one we have shown, are needed to extend the current QoE models.

• Crowdsourced Network Measurements in Germany: Mobile Internet Experience from End User Perspective. Schwind, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Wunderer, Stefan; Tarnvik, Erik; Hall, Andy. In Broadband Coverage in Germany; 14. ITG Symposium. Berlin, 2020.
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  Collecting and analyzing meaningful data in mobile networks is the key to assessing network performance. Crowdsourced Network Measurements (CNMs) provide insights beyond the network layer and offer performance and other measurements at the application and user-level towards Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, the mobile Internet experience for Germany is evaluated with the help of crowdsourcing from the perspective of an end user. We statistically analyze a dataset with throughput measurements on the end device from Tutela Ltd., which covers more than 2.5 million throughput tests across Germany from January to July 2019. We give insights into this emerging methodology and highlight the benefits of this method. The paper contains statistics and conclusions for several large cities as well as regions in Germany compared to general statements for Germany, since individual measurements and averages often only imprecisely reflect the situation. The goal is to give a holistic view of the performance of the current mobile network in Germany. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that reliable statements about the quality of the mobile network for Germany depend on a large number of peculiarities in different regions with their own performance characteristics due to different network deployments and population numbers.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-13, abstract = {Collecting and analyzing meaningful data in mobile networks is the key to assessing network performance. Crowdsourced Network Measurements (CNMs) provide insights beyond the network layer and offer performance and other measurements at the application and user-level towards Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, the mobile Internet experience for Germany is evaluated with the help of crowdsourcing from the perspective of an end user. We statistically analyze a dataset with throughput measurements on the end device from Tutela Ltd., which covers more than 2.5 million throughput tests across Germany from January to July 2019. We give insights into this emerging methodology and highlight the benefits of this method. The paper contains statistics and conclusions for several large cities as well as regions in Germany compared to general statements for Germany, since individual measurements and averages often only imprecisely reflect the situation. The goal is to give a holistic view of the performance of the current mobile network in Germany. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that reliable statements about the quality of the mobile network for Germany depend on a large number of peculiarities in different regions with their own performance characteristics due to different network deployments and population numbers.}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Wunderer, Stefan and Tarnvik, Erik and Hall, Andy}, booktitle = {Broadband Coverage in Germany; 14. ITG Symposium}, keywords = {can}, month = {08}, title = {Crowdsourced Network Measurements in Germany: Mobile Internet Experience from End User Perspective}, year = 2020 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2020-13 %A Schwind, Anika %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Wunderer, Stefan %A Tarnvik, Erik %A Hall, Andy %B Broadband Coverage in Germany; 14. ITG Symposium %C Berlin %D 2020 %T Crowdsourced Network Measurements in Germany: Mobile Internet Experience from End User Perspective %X Collecting and analyzing meaningful data in mobile networks is the key to assessing network performance. Crowdsourced Network Measurements (CNMs) provide insights beyond the network layer and offer performance and other measurements at the application and user-level towards Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, the mobile Internet experience for Germany is evaluated with the help of crowdsourcing from the perspective of an end user. We statistically analyze a dataset with throughput measurements on the end device from Tutela Ltd., which covers more than 2.5 million throughput tests across Germany from January to July 2019. We give insights into this emerging methodology and highlight the benefits of this method. The paper contains statistics and conclusions for several large cities as well as regions in Germany compared to general statements for Germany, since individual measurements and averages often only imprecisely reflect the situation. The goal is to give a holistic view of the performance of the current mobile network in Germany. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that reliable statements about the quality of the mobile network for Germany depend on a large number of peculiarities in different regions with their own performance characteristics due to different network deployments and population numbers.
• Is the Uplink Enough? Estimating Video Stalls from Encrypted Network Traffic. Loh, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Moldovan, Christian; Zeidler, Bernd; Tsilimantos, Dimitrios; Valentin, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 32th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. Budapest, Hungary, 2020.
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  Today’s traffic projections speak of almost 58 % video traffic across the Internet. Nearly all video traffic is encrypted, accounting for more than 50 % encrypted traffic worldwide. To analyze video traffic today, or even estimate its quality in the network, a deep look into the traffic characteristics has to be done. But then, important quality metrics from the traffic behavior can be derived. Based on extensive measurements we show in this work how to measure and estimate video stalls for mobile adaptive streaming. The underlying dataset includes more than 900 hours of video footage from the native YouTube app, measured over 18 different videos in 56 network scenarios in two cities in Europe. We outline a possible approach to estimate the video playback buffer size based on uplink video chunk requests in real-time to break down the video stalls. This work is intended as a tool for network operators to receive further knowledge of the characteristics of video streaming traffic to quantify the most important QoE degradation factors of one of the most important applications today.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-2, abstract = {Today’s traffic projections speak of almost 58 % video traffic across the Internet. Nearly all video traffic is encrypted, accounting for more than 50 % encrypted traffic worldwide. To analyze video traffic today, or even estimate its quality in the network, a deep look into the traffic characteristics has to be done. But then, important quality metrics from the traffic behavior can be derived. Based on extensive measurements we show in this work how to measure and estimate video stalls for mobile adaptive streaming. The underlying dataset includes more than 900 hours of video footage from the native YouTube app, measured over 18 different videos in 56 network scenarios in two cities in Europe. We outline a possible approach to estimate the video playback buffer size based on uplink video chunk requests in real-time to break down the video stalls. This work is intended as a tool for network operators to receive further knowledge of the characteristics of video streaming traffic to quantify the most important QoE degradation factors of one of the most important applications today.}, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Loh, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Moldovan, Christian and Zeidler, Bernd and Tsilimantos, Dimitrios and Valentin, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {32th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {Is the Uplink Enough? Estimating Video Stalls from Encrypted Network Traffic}, year = 2020 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2020-2 %A Loh, Frank %A Wamser, Florian %A Moldovan, Christian %A Zeidler, Bernd %A Tsilimantos, Dimitrios %A Valentin, Stefan %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 32th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium %C Budapest, Hungary %D 2020 %T Is the Uplink Enough? Estimating Video Stalls from Encrypted Network Traffic %X Today’s traffic projections speak of almost 58 % video traffic across the Internet. Nearly all video traffic is encrypted, accounting for more than 50 % encrypted traffic worldwide. To analyze video traffic today, or even estimate its quality in the network, a deep look into the traffic characteristics has to be done. But then, important quality metrics from the traffic behavior can be derived. Based on extensive measurements we show in this work how to measure and estimate video stalls for mobile adaptive streaming. The underlying dataset includes more than 900 hours of video footage from the native YouTube app, measured over 18 different videos in 56 network scenarios in two cities in Europe. We outline a possible approach to estimate the video playback buffer size based on uplink video chunk requests in real-time to break down the video stalls. This work is intended as a tool for network operators to receive further knowledge of the characteristics of video streaming traffic to quantify the most important QoE degradation factors of one of the most important applications today.

• From click to playback: a dataset to study the response time of mobile YouTube. Loh, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Moldovan, Christian; Zeidler, Bernd; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Tsilimantos, Dimitrios; Valentin, Stefan. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, pp. 267–272. 2019.
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  Responding fluently to user requests is important to keep them immersed. In this paper, we are presenting an extensive dataset to study the response time of YouTube's mobile video streaming service on Android. We illustrate the application of our dataset by studying YouTube's initial delay for a subset of 9 videos in 75 network scenarios. We find that in 41% of the cases, YouTube exceeds the attention span of a typical user, while deep immersion is only reached in 15% of the cases. Our factor analysis implies that the allocation of the initial CDN node is the critical link in this delay chain. Since our dataset includes a large variety of factors, we are describing setup, methodology, and data structure in detail. Our dataset and measurement tools are publicly available.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-25, abstract = {Responding fluently to user requests is important to keep them immersed. In this paper, we are presenting an extensive dataset to study the response time of YouTube's mobile video streaming service on Android. We illustrate the application of our dataset by studying YouTube's initial delay for a subset of 9 videos in 75 network scenarios. We find that in 41% of the cases, YouTube exceeds the attention span of a typical user, while deep immersion is only reached in 15% of the cases. Our factor analysis implies that the allocation of the initial CDN node is the critical link in this delay chain. Since our dataset includes a large variety of factors, we are describing setup, methodology, and data structure in detail. Our dataset and measurement tools are publicly available.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Moldovan, Christian and Zeidler, Bernd and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Tsilimantos, Dimitrios and Valentin, Stefan}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, pages = {267-272}, title = {From click to playback: a dataset to study the response time of mobile YouTube}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-25 %A Loh, Frank %A Wamser, Florian %A Moldovan, Christian %A Zeidler, Bernd %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Tsilimantos, Dimitrios %A Valentin, Stefan %B Proceedings of the 10th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference %D 2019 %P 267-272 %T From click to playback: a dataset to study the response time of mobile YouTube %X Responding fluently to user requests is important to keep them immersed. In this paper, we are presenting an extensive dataset to study the response time of YouTube's mobile video streaming service on Android. We illustrate the application of our dataset by studying YouTube's initial delay for a subset of 9 videos in 75 network scenarios. We find that in 41% of the cases, YouTube exceeds the attention span of a typical user, while deep immersion is only reached in 15% of the cases. Our factor analysis implies that the allocation of the initial CDN node is the critical link in this delay chain. Since our dataset includes a large variety of factors, we are describing setup, methodology, and data structure in detail. Our dataset and measurement tools are publicly available.
• KOMon - Kernel-based Online Monitoring of VNF Packet Processing Times. Geissler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys), Best Paper Award. 2019.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-5, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys), Best Paper Award}, keywords = {sendate}, month = {03}, title = {KOMon - Kernel-based Online Monitoring of VNF Packet Processing Times}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-5 %A Geissler, Stefan %A Lange, Stanislav %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys), Best Paper Award %D 2019 %T KOMon - Kernel-based Online Monitoring of VNF Packet Processing Times
• Energy-Efficient Adaptation Logic for HTTP Streaming in Mobile Networks. Moldovan, Christian; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys). 2019.
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  The requirements for video streaming have changed drastically during the past years. In today's Internet, high definition resolutions are considered default for videos, even in mobile settings, and with 4G penetration reaching 90 percent in the US, this no longer poses a big problem. However, while mobile bandwidth has increased, the battery life time of mobile devices has not increased significantly. Furthermore, current data plans are still not large enough to regularly stream movies during the commute. Users still resort to downloading media before travel. In this paper we propose a new HTTP adaptive streaming algorithm that delivers videos in high quality while avoiding stalling events, schedules the download of video segments so that a energy conserving idle state is often reached and keeps the buffer low at points in the video where many viewers abandon the video to save data. While most adaptive streaming algorithms optimize quality and stalling, this is the first attempt to use an adaptive streaming algorithm to reduce energy consumption. Since video streaming providers mostly care about the Quality of Experience when watching videos, energy efficiency is left to the device manufacturers. Therefore, both parties have little incentive to cooperate in this regard. But on the Internet of tomorrow, where most videos are watched on mobile devices, energy efficiency and the Quality of Experience must go hand in hand.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-9, abstract = {The requirements for video streaming have changed drastically during the past years. In today's Internet, high definition resolutions are considered default for videos, even in mobile settings, and with 4G penetration reaching 90 percent in the US, this no longer poses a big problem. However, while mobile bandwidth has increased, the battery life time of mobile devices has not increased significantly. Furthermore, current data plans are still not large enough to regularly stream movies during the commute. Users still resort to downloading media before travel. In this paper we propose a new HTTP adaptive streaming algorithm that delivers videos in high quality while avoiding stalling events, schedules the download of video segments so that a energy conserving idle state is often reached and keeps the buffer low at points in the video where many viewers abandon the video to save data. While most adaptive streaming algorithms optimize quality and stalling, this is the first attempt to use an adaptive streaming algorithm to reduce energy consumption. Since video streaming providers mostly care about the Quality of Experience when watching videos, energy efficiency is left to the device manufacturers. Therefore, both parties have little incentive to cooperate in this regard. But on the Internet of tomorrow, where most videos are watched on mobile devices, energy efficiency and the Quality of Experience must go hand in hand.}, author = {Moldovan, Christian and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys)}, keywords = {energy-efficiency}, month = {03}, title = {Energy-Efficient Adaptation Logic for HTTP Streaming in Mobile Networks}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-9 %A Moldovan, Christian %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 2019 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys) %D 2019 %T Energy-Efficient Adaptation Logic for HTTP Streaming in Mobile Networks %X The requirements for video streaming have changed drastically during the past years. In today's Internet, high definition resolutions are considered default for videos, even in mobile settings, and with 4G penetration reaching 90 percent in the US, this no longer poses a big problem. However, while mobile bandwidth has increased, the battery life time of mobile devices has not increased significantly. Furthermore, current data plans are still not large enough to regularly stream movies during the commute. Users still resort to downloading media before travel. In this paper we propose a new HTTP adaptive streaming algorithm that delivers videos in high quality while avoiding stalling events, schedules the download of video segments so that a energy conserving idle state is often reached and keeps the buffer low at points in the video where many viewers abandon the video to save data. While most adaptive streaming algorithms optimize quality and stalling, this is the first attempt to use an adaptive streaming algorithm to reduce energy consumption. Since video streaming providers mostly care about the Quality of Experience when watching videos, energy efficiency is left to the device manufacturers. Therefore, both parties have little incentive to cooperate in this regard. But on the Internet of tomorrow, where most videos are watched on mobile devices, energy efficiency and the Quality of Experience must go hand in hand.
• User Behavior and Engagement of a Mobile Video Streaming User from Crowdsourced Measurements. Moldovan, Christian; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). 2019.
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  Mobile video streaming has gained a lot of popularity in recent year with the introduction of large data plans for mobile phones. While users in non-mobile scenarios have become accustomed to high quality and few stalling events, this is not the case in mobile environments. People are more likely to tolerate stalling since they know high throughput coverage cannot always be guaranteed. Their behavior and their engagement are drastically different when watching videos on mobile devices. In this paper, we characterize mobile phone users who use a video streaming application. We present a data set of over 6,000 video views from a crowdsourced video measurement study. We investigate user activity and engagement during video streaming and how such metrics are correlated with each other. This is the first study that goes beyond user engagement and investigates the direct behavior of mobile video users outside the lab which is an important step towards mobile QoE management.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-21, abstract = {Mobile video streaming has gained a lot of popularity in recent year with the introduction of large data plans for mobile phones. While users in non-mobile scenarios have become accustomed to high quality and few stalling events, this is not the case in mobile environments. People are more likely to tolerate stalling since they know high throughput coverage cannot always be guaranteed. Their behavior and their engagement are drastically different when watching videos on mobile devices. In this paper, we characterize mobile phone users who use a video streaming application. We present a data set of over 6,000 video views from a crowdsourced video measurement study. We investigate user activity and engagement during video streaming and how such metrics are correlated with each other. This is the first study that goes beyond user engagement and investigates the direct behavior of mobile video users outside the lab which is an important step towards mobile QoE management.}, author = {Moldovan, Christian and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {User Behavior and Engagement of a Mobile Video Streaming User from Crowdsourced Measurements}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-21 %A Moldovan, Christian %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) %D 2019 %T User Behavior and Engagement of a Mobile Video Streaming User from Crowdsourced Measurements %X Mobile video streaming has gained a lot of popularity in recent year with the introduction of large data plans for mobile phones. While users in non-mobile scenarios have become accustomed to high quality and few stalling events, this is not the case in mobile environments. People are more likely to tolerate stalling since they know high throughput coverage cannot always be guaranteed. Their behavior and their engagement are drastically different when watching videos on mobile devices. In this paper, we characterize mobile phone users who use a video streaming application. We present a data set of over 6,000 video views from a crowdsourced video measurement study. We investigate user activity and engagement during video streaming and how such metrics are correlated with each other. This is the first study that goes beyond user engagement and investigates the direct behavior of mobile video users outside the lab which is an important step towards mobile QoE management.
• Peeking under the Hood – How the Measurement Setup Influences the Video Streaming Behavior. Schwind, Anika; Janiak, Lea; Moldovan, Christian; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In The 3rd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management 2019). Paris, France, 2019.
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  Global Internet video traffic will dramatically increase in the next years. With this rapid growth, interest in the application behavior of video streaming services and the resulting user experience rises. In particular, there is a need to understand the influence of system parameters on the streaming performance. Thus, several monitoring approaches have been developed which allow conducting automated measurements on a large-scale, for example, lightweight approaches for measurements running in the mobile networks or setups using a virtual frame buffer for servers without a display running in virtualized cloud environments. In some cases, the measurement hardware can totally be controlled, in other cases, there is no knowledge about parallel running services. In this paper, we answer the question whether and how much the measurement setup (e.g., virtualization, headless browsers, load on machines) influences the video streaming behavior. Therefore, we compare eight management setups with the ground truth (an end user watching a video on the own device) by evaluating the key performance indicators on application layer during video streaming, i.e. initial video playout delays and stalling. Our results reveal important insights: some of the common measurement setups heavily influence the measurements and must be avoided to collect reliable results.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-6, abstract = {Global Internet video traffic will dramatically increase in the next years. With this rapid growth, interest in the application behavior of video streaming services and the resulting user experience rises. In particular, there is a need to understand the influence of system parameters on the streaming performance. Thus, several monitoring approaches have been developed which allow conducting automated measurements on a large-scale, for example, lightweight approaches for measurements running in the mobile networks or setups using a virtual frame buffer for servers without a display running in virtualized cloud environments. In some cases, the measurement hardware can totally be controlled, in other cases, there is no knowledge about parallel running services. In this paper, we answer the question whether and how much the measurement setup (e.g., virtualization, headless browsers, load on machines) influences the video streaming behavior. Therefore, we compare eight management setups with the ground truth (an end user watching a video on the own device) by evaluating the key performance indicators on application layer during video streaming, i.e. initial video playout delays and stalling. Our results reveal important insights: some of the common measurement setups heavily influence the measurements and must be avoided to collect reliable results.}, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Janiak, Lea and Moldovan, Christian and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {The 3rd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management 2019)}, keywords = {ua-net}, month = {02}, title = {Peeking under the Hood – How the Measurement Setup Influences the Video Streaming Behavior}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-6 %A Schwind, Anika %A Janiak, Lea %A Moldovan, Christian %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B The 3rd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management 2019) %C Paris, France %D 2019 %T Peeking under the Hood – How the Measurement Setup Influences the Video Streaming Behavior %X Global Internet video traffic will dramatically increase in the next years. With this rapid growth, interest in the application behavior of video streaming services and the resulting user experience rises. In particular, there is a need to understand the influence of system parameters on the streaming performance. Thus, several monitoring approaches have been developed which allow conducting automated measurements on a large-scale, for example, lightweight approaches for measurements running in the mobile networks or setups using a virtual frame buffer for servers without a display running in virtualized cloud environments. In some cases, the measurement hardware can totally be controlled, in other cases, there is no knowledge about parallel running services. In this paper, we answer the question whether and how much the measurement setup (e.g., virtualization, headless browsers, load on machines) influences the video streaming behavior. Therefore, we compare eight management setups with the ground truth (an end user watching a video on the own device) by evaluating the key performance indicators on application layer during video streaming, i.e. initial video playout delays and stalling. Our results reveal important insights: some of the common measurement setups heavily influence the measurements and must be avoided to collect reliable results.
• Discrete-Time Analysis of the Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology. Geissler, Stefan; Prantl, Thomas; Lange, Stanislav; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 31st International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). , Budapest, Hungary. 2019.
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  Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies have become more and more popular and widespread during recent years. After the initial hype about the technology and many cryptocurrency related use cases, the technology slowly starts to make its way into other domains like food tracking and document management. In order to further contribute to the search of what this technology can be used for, more detailed performance evaluations are required in order to investigate key performance indicators and general limits of the technology. To this end, we develop a discrete-time queueing model that allows a detailed evaluation of the characteristics of a blockchain system, such as the transaction waiting time distribution. Furthermore, we validate the model by comparing the results to values obtained from measurements in a closed lab environment based on the Ethereum blockchain.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-19, abstract = {Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies have become more and more popular and widespread during recent years. After the initial hype about the technology and many cryptocurrency related use cases, the technology slowly starts to make its way into other domains like food tracking and document management. In order to further contribute to the search of what this technology can be used for, more detailed performance evaluations are required in order to investigate key performance indicators and general limits of the technology. To this end, we develop a discrete-time queueing model that allows a detailed evaluation of the characteristics of a blockchain system, such as the transaction waiting time distribution. Furthermore, we validate the model by comparing the results to values obtained from measurements in a closed lab environment based on the Ethereum blockchain.}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Prantl, Thomas and Lange, Stanislav and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {31st International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). , Budapest, Hungary}, keywords = {net-man}, month = {08}, title = {Discrete-Time Analysis of the Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-19 %A Geissler, Stefan %A Prantl, Thomas %A Lange, Stanislav %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 31st International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). , Budapest, Hungary %D 2019 %T Discrete-Time Analysis of the Blockchain Distributed Ledger Technology %X Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies have become more and more popular and widespread during recent years. After the initial hype about the technology and many cryptocurrency related use cases, the technology slowly starts to make its way into other domains like food tracking and document management. In order to further contribute to the search of what this technology can be used for, more detailed performance evaluations are required in order to investigate key performance indicators and general limits of the technology. To this end, we develop a discrete-time queueing model that allows a detailed evaluation of the characteristics of a blockchain system, such as the transaction waiting time distribution. Furthermore, we validate the model by comparing the results to values obtained from measurements in a closed lab environment based on the Ethereum blockchain.
• Modeling of Traffic Flows in Internet of Things Using Renewal Approximation. Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Geissler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science (ODS2019). 2019.
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  This paper proposes a versatile approach to model aggregated traffic flows in the Internet of Things (IoT) using renewal approximation. The modeled traffic originates from a large number of sources or devices consisting of a set of sensors mixed with classical elastic random traffic modeled as Poisson arrival process. The work shows the exact derivation in the simple case for periodic sensors. It shows further results in the mixed case with periodic sensors and a background process. The renewal approximation allows to derive the required number of sensors such that the aggregated traffic can be approximated as Poisson process.

  @inproceedings{info3-article-2019-8, abstract = {This paper proposes a versatile approach to model aggregated traffic flows in the Internet of Things (IoT) using renewal approximation. The modeled traffic originates from a large number of sources or devices consisting of a set of sensors mixed with classical elastic random traffic modeled as Poisson arrival process. The work shows the exact derivation in the simple case for periodic sensors. It shows further results in the mixed case with periodic sensors and a background process. The renewal approximation allows to derive the required number of sensors such that the aggregated traffic can be approximated as Poisson process.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Geissler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science (ODS2019)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Modeling of Traffic Flows in Internet of Things Using Renewal Approximation}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-article-2019-8 %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Geissler, Stefan %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science (ODS2019) %D 2019 %T Modeling of Traffic Flows in Internet of Things Using Renewal Approximation %X This paper proposes a versatile approach to model aggregated traffic flows in the Internet of Things (IoT) using renewal approximation. The modeled traffic originates from a large number of sources or devices consisting of a set of sensors mixed with classical elastic random traffic modeled as Poisson arrival process. The work shows the exact derivation in the simple case for periodic sensors. It shows further results in the mixed case with periodic sensors and a background process. The renewal approximation allows to derive the required number of sensors such that the aggregated traffic can be approximated as Poisson process.
• Traffic Measurement Study on Video Streaming with the Amazon Echo Show. Loh, Frank; Vomhoff, Viktoria; Wamser, Florian; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks. 2019.
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  The Amazon Echo Show is one of the most widely used smart speakers with the ability to stream video. Due to its popularity, the traffc profiles of such devices are of interest to network operators and providers. This work presents a measurement study of the Amazon Echo Show in terms of network traffc and streaming behavior. More than 470 hours of streaming data are collected and analyzed at network layer. Based on this, streaming quality is derived at application layer. The study quantifies the traffc and shows that streaming with the Amazon Echo Show is comparable to streaming with a native web browser, but in a more conservative way.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-26, abstract = {The Amazon Echo Show is one of the most widely used smart speakers with the ability to stream video. Due to its popularity, the traffc profiles of such devices are of interest to network operators and providers. This work presents a measurement study of the Amazon Echo Show in terms of network traffc and streaming behavior. More than 470 hours of streaming data are collected and analyzed at network layer. Based on this, streaming quality is derived at application layer. The study quantifies the traffc and shows that streaming with the Amazon Echo Show is comparable to streaming with a native web browser, but in a more conservative way.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Vomhoff, Viktoria and Wamser, Florian and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks}, keywords = {can}, month = 10, title = {Traffic Measurement Study on Video Streaming with the Amazon Echo Show}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-26 %A Loh, Frank %A Vomhoff, Viktoria %A Wamser, Florian %A Metzger, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks %D 2019 %T Traffic Measurement Study on Video Streaming with the Amazon Echo Show %X The Amazon Echo Show is one of the most widely used smart speakers with the ability to stream video. Due to its popularity, the traffc profiles of such devices are of interest to network operators and providers. This work presents a measurement study of the Amazon Echo Show in terms of network traffc and streaming behavior. More than 470 hours of streaming data are collected and analyzed at network layer. Based on this, streaming quality is derived at application layer. The study quantifies the traffc and shows that streaming with the Amazon Echo Show is comparable to streaming with a native web browser, but in a more conservative way.
• QoE Analysis of Spotify Audio Streaming and App Browsing. Schwind, Anika; Haberzettl, Lorenz; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE’19). 2019.
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  Spotify is the most-listened audio streaming provider in 2019 with 217 million active users per month. Providers are therefore interested in the quality and functionality of Spotify in order to provide their users with the best possible streaming quality. While video streaming services such as Netflix and their streaming approach have been extensively explored in previous research, audio streaming services like Spotify and their corresponding behavior at certain network conditions have not been considered in detail yet. In this paper, we perform a QoE analysis under various network conditions and examine the app browsing performance of the audio streaming platform Spotify using its native Android mobile application. We have developed a measurement tool that emulates a user listening to audio through Spotify. While streaming, application and network layer parameters are captured that have a high correlation to the user’s QoE. The paper shows a baseline scenario including the streaming of a single song as well as playlist streaming behavior. Next, the effect of interruptions on the streaming behavior is evaluated and finally, the influence of network impairments on QoE key performance indicators such as initial delay is shown.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-27, abstract = {Spotify is the most-listened audio streaming provider in 2019 with 217 million active users per month. Providers are therefore interested in the quality and functionality of Spotify in order to provide their users with the best possible streaming quality. While video streaming services such as Netflix and their streaming approach have been extensively explored in previous research, audio streaming services like Spotify and their corresponding behavior at certain network conditions have not been considered in detail yet. In this paper, we perform a QoE analysis under various network conditions and examine the app browsing performance of the audio streaming platform Spotify using its native Android mobile application. We have developed a measurement tool that emulates a user listening to audio through Spotify. While streaming, application and network layer parameters are captured that have a high correlation to the user’s QoE. The paper shows a baseline scenario including the streaming of a single song as well as playlist streaming behavior. Next, the effect of interruptions on the streaming behavior is evaluated and finally, the influence of network impairments on QoE key performance indicators such as initial delay is shown.}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Haberzettl, Lorenz and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE'19)}, keywords = {can}, month = 10, title = {QoE Analysis of Spotify Audio Streaming and App Browsing}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-27 %A Schwind, Anika %A Haberzettl, Lorenz %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 4th Internet-QoE Workshop: QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE'19) %D 2019 %T QoE Analysis of Spotify Audio Streaming and App Browsing %X Spotify is the most-listened audio streaming provider in 2019 with 217 million active users per month. Providers are therefore interested in the quality and functionality of Spotify in order to provide their users with the best possible streaming quality. While video streaming services such as Netflix and their streaming approach have been extensively explored in previous research, audio streaming services like Spotify and their corresponding behavior at certain network conditions have not been considered in detail yet. In this paper, we perform a QoE analysis under various network conditions and examine the app browsing performance of the audio streaming platform Spotify using its native Android mobile application. We have developed a measurement tool that emulates a user listening to audio through Spotify. While streaming, application and network layer parameters are captured that have a high correlation to the user’s QoE. The paper shows a baseline scenario including the streaming of a single song as well as playlist streaming behavior. Next, the effect of interruptions on the streaming behavior is evaluated and finally, the influence of network impairments on QoE key performance indicators such as initial delay is shown.
• On the Analysis of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks through in-Smartphone Measurements. Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian. In 12th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC). Paris, France, 2019.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2019-18, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {12th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC)}, keywords = {ua-net}, month = {09}, title = {On the Analysis of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks through in-Smartphone Measurements}, year = 2019 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2019-18 %A Wassermann, Sarah %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %B 12th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC) %C Paris, France %D 2019 %T On the Analysis of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks through in-Smartphone Measurements

• Evaluation of the Detection Capabilities of the ONOS SDN Controller. Metter, Christopher; Burger, Valentin; Hu, Zheng; Pei, Ke; Wamser, Florian. In 7th IEEE International Conference on Communications and Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2018), pp. 96–101. Hue, Vietnam, 2018.
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  The process of monitoring the network, especially for larger ones, is very complex and contains many pitfalls. For instance the balance between granularity of information and their performance impact on the network. With the help of SDN this challenge can become easier, as it offers new methods, mechanisms and opportunities. One of the current most important Open Source controllers is the ONOS SDN controller. According to its developers it is a production ready controller that offers high availability due to its logically centralized and physically distributed architecture. But, as our investigations show, it is unable to cope with hazardous network conditions such as sporadic or recurring packet loss. It either does not detect packet loss or only detects it after long time periods, failing all common network availability targets.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-22, abstract = {The process of monitoring the network, especially for larger ones, is very complex and contains many pitfalls. For instance the balance between granularity of information and their performance impact on the network. With the help of SDN this challenge can become easier, as it offers new methods, mechanisms and opportunities. One of the current most important Open Source controllers is the ONOS SDN controller. According to its developers it is a production ready controller that offers high availability due to its logically centralized and physically distributed architecture. But, as our investigations show, it is unable to cope with hazardous network conditions such as sporadic or recurring packet loss. It either does not detect packet loss or only detects it after long time periods, failing all common network availability targets.}, address = {Hue, Vietnam}, author = {Metter, Christopher and Burger, Valentin and Hu, Zheng and Pei, Ke and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {7th IEEE International Conference on Communications and Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2018)}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, pages = {96 - 101}, title = {Evaluation of the Detection Capabilities of the ONOS SDN Controller}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-22 %A Metter, Christopher %A Burger, Valentin %A Hu, Zheng %A Pei, Ke %A Wamser, Florian %B 7th IEEE International Conference on Communications and Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2018) %C Hue, Vietnam %D 2018 %P 96 - 101 %T Evaluation of the Detection Capabilities of the ONOS SDN Controller %X The process of monitoring the network, especially for larger ones, is very complex and contains many pitfalls. For instance the balance between granularity of information and their performance impact on the network. With the help of SDN this challenge can become easier, as it offers new methods, mechanisms and opportunities. One of the current most important Open Source controllers is the ONOS SDN controller. According to its developers it is a production ready controller that offers high availability due to its logically centralized and physically distributed architecture. But, as our investigations show, it is unable to cope with hazardous network conditions such as sporadic or recurring packet loss. It either does not detect packet loss or only detects it after long time periods, failing all common network availability targets.
• A Public Dataset for YouTube’s Mobile Streaming Client. Karagkioules, Theodoros; Tsilimantos, Dimitrios; Valentin, Stefan; Wamser, Florian; Zeidler, Bernd; Seufert, Michael; Loh, Frank; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA). Vienna, Austria, 2018.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-41, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Karagkioules, Theodoros and Tsilimantos, Dimitrios and Valentin, Stefan and Wamser, Florian and Zeidler, Bernd and Seufert, Michael and Loh, Frank and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)}, keywords = {can}, title = {A Public Dataset for YouTube’s Mobile Streaming Client}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-41 %A Karagkioules, Theodoros %A Tsilimantos, Dimitrios %A Valentin, Stefan %A Wamser, Florian %A Zeidler, Bernd %A Seufert, Michael %A Loh, Frank %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA) %C Vienna, Austria %D 2018 %T A Public Dataset for YouTube’s Mobile Streaming Client
• A Wrapper for Automatic Measurements with YouTube’s Native Android App. Seufert, Michael; Zeidler, Bernd; Wamser, Florian; Karagkioules, Theodoros; Tsilimantos, Dimitrios; Loh, Frank; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Valentin, Stefan. In Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA). Vienna, Austria, 2018.
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  YouTube is one of the most popular and demanding services in the Internet today. Thereby, a large portion of this traffic is generated by YouTube's mobile app. While past studies have shown how to monitor browser-based streaming on desktop PCs (e.g., YoMo) or mobile devices (e.g., YoMoApp), streaming in the native app has not been monitored yet. This paper presents an automated framework for monitoring the streaming in YouTube's native app for Android. The concept is based on a wrapper application and the Android Debug Bridge (adb), and can be also extended to automatic measurements with other apps. For YouTube, it allows to collect application-layer streaming data, such as current playtime, buffered playtime, video encoding, and quality switches. These data can be complemented with network measurements on the mobile access link to obtain a holistic view on mobile YouTube streaming on Android devices. In addition to describing the software design and testbed setup, this paper discusses an experimental measurement. This study analyzes the streaming in the native YouTube app and compares it to the streaming from the mobile YouTube website via YoMoApp.

  @inproceedings{info3-article-2018-4, abstract = {YouTube is one of the most popular and demanding services in the Internet today. Thereby, a large portion of this traffic is generated by YouTube's mobile app. While past studies have shown how to monitor browser-based streaming on desktop PCs (e.g., YoMo) or mobile devices (e.g., YoMoApp), streaming in the native app has not been monitored yet. This paper presents an automated framework for monitoring the streaming in YouTube's native app for Android. The concept is based on a wrapper application and the Android Debug Bridge (adb), and can be also extended to automatic measurements with other apps. For YouTube, it allows to collect application-layer streaming data, such as current playtime, buffered playtime, video encoding, and quality switches. These data can be complemented with network measurements on the mobile access link to obtain a holistic view on mobile YouTube streaming on Android devices. In addition to describing the software design and testbed setup, this paper discusses an experimental measurement. This study analyzes the streaming in the native YouTube app and compares it to the streaming from the mobile YouTube website via YoMoApp.}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Zeidler, Bernd and Wamser, Florian and Karagkioules, Theodoros and Tsilimantos, Dimitrios and Loh, Frank and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Valentin, Stefan}, booktitle = {Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {A Wrapper for Automatic Measurements with YouTube's Native Android App}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-article-2018-4 %A Seufert, Michael %A Zeidler, Bernd %A Wamser, Florian %A Karagkioules, Theodoros %A Tsilimantos, Dimitrios %A Loh, Frank %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Valentin, Stefan %B Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA) %C Vienna, Austria %D 2018 %T A Wrapper for Automatic Measurements with YouTube's Native Android App %X YouTube is one of the most popular and demanding services in the Internet today. Thereby, a large portion of this traffic is generated by YouTube's mobile app. While past studies have shown how to monitor browser-based streaming on desktop PCs (e.g., YoMo) or mobile devices (e.g., YoMoApp), streaming in the native app has not been monitored yet. This paper presents an automated framework for monitoring the streaming in YouTube's native app for Android. The concept is based on a wrapper application and the Android Debug Bridge (adb), and can be also extended to automatic measurements with other apps. For YouTube, it allows to collect application-layer streaming data, such as current playtime, buffered playtime, video encoding, and quality switches. These data can be complemented with network measurements on the mobile access link to obtain a holistic view on mobile YouTube streaming on Android devices. In addition to describing the software design and testbed setup, this paper discusses an experimental measurement. This study analyzes the streaming in the native YouTube app and compares it to the streaming from the mobile YouTube website via YoMoApp.
• Streaming Characteristics of Spotify Sessions. Schwind, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Gensler, Thomas; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In The 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management. Sardinia, Italy, 2018.
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  Internet Service Providers need a thorough understanding of a service to maximize the Quality of Experience (QoE) of their customers by network management. Instead of quantifying the user satisfaction with long and cost-intensive subjective user studies, the QoE can often be estimated with the help of dedicated measurements of application and network parameters. We designed a QoE measurement tool for the popular audio streaming service Spotify that runs inside a Docker software container. The container is able to run headlessly as active measurement probe and emulates a user who is streaming audio files via Spotify. While streaming, network and application parameters are collected that have a high correlation to the user's QoE. The results of the measurements are used to characterize audio streaming in Spotify on application and network layer, and to evaluate important QoE factors.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-13, abstract = {Internet Service Providers need a thorough understanding of a service to maximize the Quality of Experience (QoE) of their customers by network management. Instead of quantifying the user satisfaction with long and cost-intensive subjective user studies, the QoE can often be estimated with the help of dedicated measurements of application and network parameters. We designed a QoE measurement tool for the popular audio streaming service Spotify that runs inside a Docker software container. The container is able to run headlessly as active measurement probe and emulates a user who is streaming audio files via Spotify. While streaming, network and application parameters are collected that have a high correlation to the user's QoE. The results of the measurements are used to characterize audio streaming in Spotify on application and network layer, and to evaluate important QoE factors.}, address = {Sardinia, Italy}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Gensler, Thomas and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {The 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Streaming Characteristics of Spotify Sessions}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-13 %A Schwind, Anika %A Wamser, Florian %A Gensler, Thomas %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B The 2nd International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management %C Sardinia, Italy %D 2018 %T Streaming Characteristics of Spotify Sessions %X Internet Service Providers need a thorough understanding of a service to maximize the Quality of Experience (QoE) of their customers by network management. Instead of quantifying the user satisfaction with long and cost-intensive subjective user studies, the QoE can often be estimated with the help of dedicated measurements of application and network parameters. We designed a QoE measurement tool for the popular audio streaming service Spotify that runs inside a Docker software container. The container is able to run headlessly as active measurement probe and emulates a user who is streaming audio files via Spotify. While streaming, network and application parameters are collected that have a high correlation to the user's QoE. The results of the measurements are used to characterize audio streaming in Spotify on application and network layer, and to evaluate important QoE factors.
• Orchestration and Monitoring in Fog Computing for Personal Edge Cloud Service Support. Wamser, Florian; Lombardo, Chiara; Vassilakis, Constantinos; Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Lago, Paolo; Bruschi, Roberto; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). 2018.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-30, author = {Wamser, Florian and Lombardo, Chiara and Vassilakis, Constantinos and Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Lago, Paolo and Bruschi, Roberto and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {2018 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Orchestration and Monitoring in Fog Computing for Personal Edge Cloud Service Support}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-30 %A Wamser, Florian %A Lombardo, Chiara %A Vassilakis, Constantinos %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Lago, Paolo %A Bruschi, Roberto %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN) %D 2018 %T Orchestration and Monitoring in Fog Computing for Personal Edge Cloud Service Support
• Quality of Service Assessment of Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone. Loh, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization. Montreal, Canada, 2018.
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  Today's networks require a deep understanding of applications to optimize networks, efficiently design networks, and meet traffic demands, application heterogeneity, and application requirements. Current application areas include live video streaming and real-time applications, such as those that are named in 5G use cases with automation, disaster recovery, gaming, and Industry 4.0. In this work, we examine an application scenario with live video streaming and parallel real-time requirements in the uplink for disaster recovery. We study the quality of service (QoS) features of a remote-controlled drone. The drone is controlled via a tablet or smartphone while the video from the camera is transmitted from the drone to the user. There are high demands in both the uplink and downlink direction. The contribution of the work is the measurement of the QoS and application parameters for this scenario and the definition of influencing parameters for the application-layer.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-31, abstract = {Today's networks require a deep understanding of applications to optimize networks, efficiently design networks, and meet traffic demands, application heterogeneity, and application requirements. Current application areas include live video streaming and real-time applications, such as those that are named in 5G use cases with automation, disaster recovery, gaming, and Industry 4.0. In this work, we examine an application scenario with live video streaming and parallel real-time requirements in the uplink for disaster recovery. We study the quality of service (QoS) features of a remote-controlled drone. The drone is controlled via a tablet or smartphone while the video from the camera is transmitted from the drone to the user. There are high demands in both the uplink and downlink direction. The contribution of the work is the measurement of the QoS and application parameters for this scenario and the definition of influencing parameters for the application-layer.}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, author = {Loh, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {Quality of Service Assessment of Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-31 %A Loh, Frank %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization %C Montreal, Canada %D 2018 %T Quality of Service Assessment of Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone %X Today's networks require a deep understanding of applications to optimize networks, efficiently design networks, and meet traffic demands, application heterogeneity, and application requirements. Current application areas include live video streaming and real-time applications, such as those that are named in 5G use cases with automation, disaster recovery, gaming, and Industry 4.0. In this work, we examine an application scenario with live video streaming and parallel real-time requirements in the uplink for disaster recovery. We study the quality of service (QoS) features of a remote-controlled drone. The drone is controlled via a tablet or smartphone while the video from the camera is transmitted from the drone to the user. There are high demands in both the uplink and downlink direction. The contribution of the work is the measurement of the QoS and application parameters for this scenario and the definition of influencing parameters for the application-layer.
• Enhancing Machine Learning based QoE Prediction by Ensemble Models. Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Schwind, Anika; Wamser, Florian. In 3rd Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE). Vienna, Austria, 2018.
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  The number of smartphones connected to wireless networks and the volume of wireless network traffic generated by such devices have dramatically increased in the last few years, making it more challenging to tackle wireless network monitoring applications. The high-dimensionality of network data provided by current smartphone devices opens the door to the massive application of machine learning approaches to improve different wireless networking applications. In this paper we study the specific problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) prediction for popular smartphone apps, using machine learning models and in-smartphone measurements. We evaluate and compare different models for the analysis of smartphone generated data, including single models as well as machine learning ensembles such as bagging, boosting and stacking. Results suggest that, while decision-tree based models are the most accurate single models to predict QoE, ensemble learning models, and in particular stacking ones, are capable to significantly increase accuracy prediction and overall classification performance.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-29, abstract = {The number of smartphones connected to wireless networks and the volume of wireless network traffic generated by such devices have dramatically increased in the last few years, making it more challenging to tackle wireless network monitoring applications. The high-dimensionality of network data provided by current smartphone devices opens the door to the massive application of machine learning approaches to improve different wireless networking applications. In this paper we study the specific problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) prediction for popular smartphone apps, using machine learning models and in-smartphone measurements. We evaluate and compare different models for the analysis of smartphone generated data, including single models as well as machine learning ensembles such as bagging, boosting and stacking. Results suggest that, while decision-tree based models are the most accurate single models to predict QoE, ensemble learning models, and in particular stacking ones, are capable to significantly increase accuracy prediction and overall classification performance.}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Schwind, Anika and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {3rd Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE)}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {Enhancing Machine Learning based QoE Prediction by Ensemble Models}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-29 %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Schwind, Anika %A Wamser, Florian %B 3rd Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE) %C Vienna, Austria %D 2018 %T Enhancing Machine Learning based QoE Prediction by Ensemble Models %X The number of smartphones connected to wireless networks and the volume of wireless network traffic generated by such devices have dramatically increased in the last few years, making it more challenging to tackle wireless network monitoring applications. The high-dimensionality of network data provided by current smartphone devices opens the door to the massive application of machine learning approaches to improve different wireless networking applications. In this paper we study the specific problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) prediction for popular smartphone apps, using machine learning models and in-smartphone measurements. We evaluate and compare different models for the analysis of smartphone generated data, including single models as well as machine learning ensembles such as bagging, boosting and stacking. Results suggest that, while decision-tree based models are the most accurate single models to predict QoE, ensemble learning models, and in particular stacking ones, are capable to significantly increase accuracy prediction and overall classification performance.
• Performance Evaluation of Service Functions Chain Placement Algorithms in Edge Cloud. Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Vassilakis, Constantinos; Zafeiropoulos, Anastasios; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC30). Vienna, Austria, 2018.
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  The emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm has become a potential solution dealing with the rapid growth of the global Internet traffic in the last decades. There, network appliances are transformed into Virtual Network Functions (VNF) running on a standard server. This promises to significantly reduce overall cost and energy consumption. Additionally, hardware-based network function chain is replaced by a chain of the VNFs, called Service Function Chain (SFC). The expected benefit of SFC is the reduction in the complexity when deploying heterogeneous network services. However, the considerable drawback of SFC is the distribution of the VNFs over different hosts. An inefficient placement of VNFs can induce a high latency within the chain and wasted server resources. In this work, we propose four placement algorithms that aim to efficiently place the SFC in servers with regard to minimizing service response time and resource utilization. Herein, heuristic approaches are evaluated against optimal solutions for the placement problems, which are formulated by using Integer Linear Programming. We evaluate and compare these placement strategies in a simulator. Our result shows that the optimized solutions produce lowest service response time and least server utilization in all types of simulated SFCs. On the other hand, the heuristic algorithms are also able to come close to the optimum by simple placing rules.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-14, abstract = {The emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm has become a potential solution dealing with the rapid growth of the global Internet traffic in the last decades. There, network appliances are transformed into Virtual Network Functions (VNF) running on a standard server. This promises to significantly reduce overall cost and energy consumption. Additionally, hardware-based network function chain is replaced by a chain of the VNFs, called Service Function Chain (SFC). The expected benefit of SFC is the reduction in the complexity when deploying heterogeneous network services. However, the considerable drawback of SFC is the distribution of the VNFs over different hosts. An inefficient placement of VNFs can induce a high latency within the chain and wasted server resources. In this work, we propose four placement algorithms that aim to efficiently place the SFC in servers with regard to minimizing service response time and resource utilization. Herein, heuristic approaches are evaluated against optimal solutions for the placement problems, which are formulated by using Integer Linear Programming. We evaluate and compare these placement strategies in a simulator. Our result shows that the optimized solutions produce lowest service response time and least server utilization in all types of simulated SFCs. On the other hand, the heuristic algorithms are also able to come close to the optimum by simple placing rules.}, address = {Vienna, Austria}, author = {Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Vassilakis, Constantinos and Zafeiropoulos, Anastasios and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC30)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Service Functions Chain Placement Algorithms in Edge Cloud}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-14 %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Vassilakis, Constantinos %A Zafeiropoulos, Anastasios %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC30) %C Vienna, Austria %D 2018 %T Performance Evaluation of Service Functions Chain Placement Algorithms in Edge Cloud %X The emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm has become a potential solution dealing with the rapid growth of the global Internet traffic in the last decades. There, network appliances are transformed into Virtual Network Functions (VNF) running on a standard server. This promises to significantly reduce overall cost and energy consumption. Additionally, hardware-based network function chain is replaced by a chain of the VNFs, called Service Function Chain (SFC). The expected benefit of SFC is the reduction in the complexity when deploying heterogeneous network services. However, the considerable drawback of SFC is the distribution of the VNFs over different hosts. An inefficient placement of VNFs can induce a high latency within the chain and wasted server resources. In this work, we propose four placement algorithms that aim to efficiently place the SFC in servers with regard to minimizing service response time and resource utilization. Herein, heuristic approaches are evaluated against optimal solutions for the placement problems, which are formulated by using Integer Linear Programming. We evaluate and compare these placement strategies in a simulator. Our result shows that the optimized solutions produce lowest service response time and least server utilization in all types of simulated SFCs. On the other hand, the heuristic algorithms are also able to come close to the optimum by simple placing rules.
• Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE. Wehner, Nikolas; Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian. In 14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Rome, Italy, 2018.
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  Measuring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network users has become paramount for cellular ISPs. Given its overwhelming dominance and ever-growing popularity, this paper focuses on the analysis of QoE for YouTube in mobile networks. Using a large-scale dataset of crowdsourced YouTube QoE measurements collected in smartphones with YoMoApp, we analyze the evolution of multiple relevant QoE-related metrics over time for YouTube mobile users. The dataset includes measurements from more than 360 users worldwide, spanning over the last five years. Our data-driven analysis shows a systematic performance and QoE improvement of YouTube in mobile devices over time, accompanied by an improvement of cellular network performance and by an optimization of the YouTube streaming behavior for smartphones.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-39, abstract = {Measuring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network users has become paramount for cellular ISPs. Given its overwhelming dominance and ever-growing popularity, this paper focuses on the analysis of QoE for YouTube in mobile networks. Using a large-scale dataset of crowdsourced YouTube QoE measurements collected in smartphones with YoMoApp, we analyze the evolution of multiple relevant QoE-related metrics over time for YouTube mobile users. The dataset includes measurements from more than 360 users worldwide, spanning over the last five years. Our data-driven analysis shows a systematic performance and QoE improvement of YouTube in mobile devices over time, accompanied by an improvement of cellular network performance and by an optimization of the YouTube streaming behavior for smartphones.}, address = {Rome, Italy}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, title = {Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-39 %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Wassermann, Sarah %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %B 14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) %C Rome, Italy %D 2018 %T Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE %X Measuring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network users has become paramount for cellular ISPs. Given its overwhelming dominance and ever-growing popularity, this paper focuses on the analysis of QoE for YouTube in mobile networks. Using a large-scale dataset of crowdsourced YouTube QoE measurements collected in smartphones with YoMoApp, we analyze the evolution of multiple relevant QoE-related metrics over time for YouTube mobile users. The dataset includes measurements from more than 360 users worldwide, spanning over the last five years. Our data-driven analysis shows a systematic performance and QoE improvement of YouTube in mobile devices over time, accompanied by an improvement of cellular network performance and by an optimization of the YouTube streaming behavior for smartphones.
• Towards an Active Probing Extension for the {ONOS} {SDN} Controller. Metter, Christopher; Burger, Valentin; Hu, Zheng; Pei, Ke; Wamser, Florian. In 2018 28th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC) (ITNAC 2018), p. 8. Sydney, Australia, 2018.
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  Network monitoring is a complex task and is always a trade-off between granularity of information and the performance impact of the monitoring itself on the network. SDN controllers, such as the ONOS SDN controller make this challenge easier as they can supply centralized information over the whole network. In our previous work we mathematically analyzed the built-in detection mechanism of ONOS and revealed a lack of detection performance and the vulnerability of this process to jitter. These results were also verified by measurements. In this paper we present an Active Probing extension for the ONOS SDN controller that overcomes these shortcomings by emitting probing packets that are transmitted through the network. Statistics over a history of those packets allow for the detection of packet loss. The evaluation by the means of measurements proves the benefits in terms of detection performance and controller load of this application. Furthermore, our extension is able to detect jitter being present in the network and to automatically adapt the probing process to these conditions.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-34, abstract = {Network monitoring is a complex task and is always a trade-off between granularity of information and the performance impact of the monitoring itself on the network. SDN controllers, such as the ONOS SDN controller make this challenge easier as they can supply centralized information over the whole network. In our previous work we mathematically analyzed the built-in detection mechanism of ONOS and revealed a lack of detection performance and the vulnerability of this process to jitter. These results were also verified by measurements. In this paper we present an Active Probing extension for the ONOS SDN controller that overcomes these shortcomings by emitting probing packets that are transmitted through the network. Statistics over a history of those packets allow for the detection of packet loss. The evaluation by the means of measurements proves the benefits in terms of detection performance and controller load of this application. Furthermore, our extension is able to detect jitter being present in the network and to automatically adapt the probing process to these conditions.}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {Metter, Christopher and Burger, Valentin and Hu, Zheng and Pei, Ke and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {2018 28th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC) (ITNAC 2018)}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, pages = 8, title = {Towards an Active Probing Extension for the {ONOS} {SDN} Controller}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-34 %A Metter, Christopher %A Burger, Valentin %A Hu, Zheng %A Pei, Ke %A Wamser, Florian %B 2018 28th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC) (ITNAC 2018) %C Sydney, Australia %D 2018 %P 8 %T Towards an Active Probing Extension for the {ONOS} {SDN} Controller %X Network monitoring is a complex task and is always a trade-off between granularity of information and the performance impact of the monitoring itself on the network. SDN controllers, such as the ONOS SDN controller make this challenge easier as they can supply centralized information over the whole network. In our previous work we mathematically analyzed the built-in detection mechanism of ONOS and revealed a lack of detection performance and the vulnerability of this process to jitter. These results were also verified by measurements. In this paper we present an Active Probing extension for the ONOS SDN controller that overcomes these shortcomings by emitting probing packets that are transmitted through the network. Statistics over a history of those packets allow for the detection of packet loss. The evaluation by the means of measurements proves the benefits in terms of detection performance and controller load of this application. Furthermore, our extension is able to detect jitter being present in the network and to automatically adapt the probing process to these conditions.
• A Fair Share for All: Novel Adaptation Logic for QoE Fairness of HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming. Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Casas, Pedro; Wamser, Florian. In 14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), Best Paper Award. Rome, Italy, 2018.
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  This paper presents a novel adaptation logic for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), which achieves not only a high Quality of Experience (QoE) but also high QoE fairness among independent and heterogeneous clients. The algorithm forces video clients to adapt the requested quality level based on the current network conditions and their individual bit rate requirements, such that the overall quality levels selected by all currently active streaming clients are fairly distributed, i.e., they do not diverge too much. The design of the algorithm is inspired by the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control, and drives heterogeneous clients to independently converge on similar quality levels without the need for communicating with each other and/or with a centralized controller in the network. By defining quality levels with equal visual quality, and preparing video representations accordingly, the quality level fairness is extended to QoE fairness. In this work, the design of the algorithm is described and a simulative performance evaluation is conducted to compare the QoE and QoE fairness of the proposed algorithm with other HAS adaptation logics.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2018-38, abstract = {This paper presents a novel adaptation logic for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), which achieves not only a high Quality of Experience (QoE) but also high QoE fairness among independent and heterogeneous clients. The algorithm forces video clients to adapt the requested quality level based on the current network conditions and their individual bit rate requirements, such that the overall quality levels selected by all currently active streaming clients are fairly distributed, i.e., they do not diverge too much. The design of the algorithm is inspired by the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control, and drives heterogeneous clients to independently converge on similar quality levels without the need for communicating with each other and/or with a centralized controller in the network. By defining quality levels with equal visual quality, and preparing video representations accordingly, the quality level fairness is extended to QoE fairness. In this work, the design of the algorithm is described and a simulative performance evaluation is conducted to compare the QoE and QoE fairness of the proposed algorithm with other HAS adaptation logics.}, address = {Rome, Italy}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Casas, Pedro and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), Best Paper Award}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, title = {A Fair Share for All: Novel Adaptation Logic for QoE Fairness of HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-38 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Casas, Pedro %A Wamser, Florian %B 14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), Best Paper Award %C Rome, Italy %D 2018 %T A Fair Share for All: Novel Adaptation Logic for QoE Fairness of HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming %X This paper presents a novel adaptation logic for HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), which achieves not only a high Quality of Experience (QoE) but also high QoE fairness among independent and heterogeneous clients. The algorithm forces video clients to adapt the requested quality level based on the current network conditions and their individual bit rate requirements, such that the overall quality levels selected by all currently active streaming clients are fairly distributed, i.e., they do not diverge too much. The design of the algorithm is inspired by the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control, and drives heterogeneous clients to independently converge on similar quality levels without the need for communicating with each other and/or with a centralized controller in the network. By defining quality levels with equal visual quality, and preparing video representations accordingly, the quality level fairness is extended to QoE fairness. In this work, the design of the algorithm is described and a simulative performance evaluation is conducted to compare the QoE and QoE fairness of the proposed algorithm with other HAS adaptation logics.

• Predicting QoE in Cellular Networks using Machine Learning and in-Smartphone Measurements. Casas, Pedro; D’Alconzo, Alessandro; Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Gardlo, Bruno; Schwind, Anika; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. In 9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Erfurt, Germany, 2017.
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  Monitoring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network customers has become paramount for cellular ISPs, who need to ensure high quality levels to limit customer churn due to quality dissatisfaction. This paper tackles the problem of QoE monitoring, assessment and prediction in cellular networks, relying on end-user device (i.e., smartphone) QoS passive traffic measurements and QoE crowdsourced feedback. We conceive different QoE assessment models based on supervised machine learning techniques, which are capable to predict the QoE experienced by the end user of popular smartphone apps (e.g., YouTube and Facebook), using as input the passive in-device measurements. Using a rich QoE dataset derived from field trials in operational cellular networks, we benchmark the performance of multiple machine learning based predictors, and construct a decision-tree based model which is capable to predict the per-user overall experience and service acceptability with a success rate of 91% and 98% respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper using end-user, in-device passive measurements and machine learning models to predict the QoE of smartphone users in operational cellular networks.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-10, abstract = {Monitoring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network customers has become paramount for cellular ISPs, who need to ensure high quality levels to limit customer churn due to quality dissatisfaction. This paper tackles the problem of QoE monitoring, assessment and prediction in cellular networks, relying on end-user device (i.e., smartphone) QoS passive traffic measurements and QoE crowdsourced feedback. We conceive different QoE assessment models based on supervised machine learning techniques, which are capable to predict the QoE experienced by the end user of popular smartphone apps (e.g., YouTube and Facebook), using as input the passive in-device measurements. Using a rich QoE dataset derived from field trials in operational cellular networks, we benchmark the performance of multiple machine learning based predictors, and construct a decision-tree based model which is capable to predict the per-user overall experience and service acceptability with a success rate of 91% and 98% respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper using end-user, in-device passive measurements and machine learning models to predict the QoE of smartphone users in operational cellular networks.}, address = {Erfurt, Germany}, author = {Casas, Pedro and D'Alconzo, Alessandro and Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Gardlo, Bruno and Schwind, Anika and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Predicting QoE in Cellular Networks using Machine Learning and in-Smartphone Measurements}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-10 %A Casas, Pedro %A D'Alconzo, Alessandro %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Gardlo, Bruno %A Schwind, Anika %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B 9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) %C Erfurt, Germany %D 2017 %T Predicting QoE in Cellular Networks using Machine Learning and in-Smartphone Measurements %X Monitoring the Quality of Experience (QoE) undergone by cellular network customers has become paramount for cellular ISPs, who need to ensure high quality levels to limit customer churn due to quality dissatisfaction. This paper tackles the problem of QoE monitoring, assessment and prediction in cellular networks, relying on end-user device (i.e., smartphone) QoS passive traffic measurements and QoE crowdsourced feedback. We conceive different QoE assessment models based on supervised machine learning techniques, which are capable to predict the QoE experienced by the end user of popular smartphone apps (e.g., YouTube and Facebook), using as input the passive in-device measurements. Using a rich QoE dataset derived from field trials in operational cellular networks, we benchmark the performance of multiple machine learning based predictors, and construct a decision-tree based model which is capable to predict the per-user overall experience and service acceptability with a success rate of 91% and 98% respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper using end-user, in-device passive measurements and machine learning models to predict the QoE of smartphone users in operational cellular networks.
• Concept and Implementation of Video QoE Measurements in a Mobile Broadband Testbed. Schwind, Anika; Seufert, Michael; Alay, Özgü; Casas, Pedro; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Wamser, Florian. In IEEE/IFIP Workshop on Mobile Network Measurement (MNM’17). Dublin, Ireland, 2017.
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  The MONROE testbed enables the objective performance assessment of MBB networks from the end-user perspective, using highly distributed measurements from fixed and mobile nodes. To quantify the performance of MBB networks for popular Internet services from a user-centric perspective, dedicated tools are needed. In this paper we extend the MONROE testbed to the Quality of Experience (QoE) domain, presenting the design and implementation of a QoE-capable measurement tool for YouTube video streaming. The measurement concept is based on emulating a virtual end-user device requesting video streams, which are then monitored at the network and application layers, on the basis of QoE-relevant features. The initial measurements conducted in the MONROE testbed and reported in this paper demonstrate the applicability of the implemented measurement concept.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-15, abstract = {The MONROE testbed enables the objective performance assessment of MBB networks from the end-user perspective, using highly distributed measurements from fixed and mobile nodes. To quantify the performance of MBB networks for popular Internet services from a user-centric perspective, dedicated tools are needed. In this paper we extend the MONROE testbed to the Quality of Experience (QoE) domain, presenting the design and implementation of a QoE-capable measurement tool for YouTube video streaming. The measurement concept is based on emulating a virtual end-user device requesting video streams, which are then monitored at the network and application layers, on the basis of QoE-relevant features. The initial measurements conducted in the MONROE testbed and reported in this paper demonstrate the applicability of the implemented measurement concept.}, address = {Dublin, Ireland}, author = {Schwind, Anika and Seufert, Michael and Alay, Özgü and Casas, Pedro and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Workshop on Mobile Network Measurement (MNM’17)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Concept and Implementation of Video QoE Measurements in a Mobile Broadband Testbed}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-15 %A Schwind, Anika %A Seufert, Michael %A Alay, Özgü %A Casas, Pedro %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Wamser, Florian %B IEEE/IFIP Workshop on Mobile Network Measurement (MNM’17) %C Dublin, Ireland %D 2017 %T Concept and Implementation of Video QoE Measurements in a Mobile Broadband Testbed %X The MONROE testbed enables the objective performance assessment of MBB networks from the end-user perspective, using highly distributed measurements from fixed and mobile nodes. To quantify the performance of MBB networks for popular Internet services from a user-centric perspective, dedicated tools are needed. In this paper we extend the MONROE testbed to the Quality of Experience (QoE) domain, presenting the design and implementation of a QoE-capable measurement tool for YouTube video streaming. The measurement concept is based on emulating a virtual end-user device requesting video streams, which are then monitored at the network and application layers, on the basis of QoE-relevant features. The initial measurements conducted in the MONROE testbed and reported in this paper demonstrate the applicability of the implemented measurement concept.
• Study on the Accuracy of QoE Monitoring for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming Using VNF. Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 1st IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management). Lisbon, Portugal, 2017.
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  The fast growth of HTTP video streaming is responsible for a huge amount of traffic over the past few years. Due to the variety and popularity of video content, more and more people are watching videos on the smart TV or on mobile devices. As a result, a potential market is emerging for video providers, which can significantly increase their revenues. In order to offer users a good experience, adaptive video streaming has been introduced to adapt the video quality to the network conditions. Nevertheless, it is still difficult for the network operators to assess the actual video quality on the device of the users and therefore they can not react to improve the service on the network. In this work, we propose a Virtual Network Function (VNF) to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) for online video service in the network. To conduct the study, on the one hand, we design a VNF monitoring to measure the video quality and estimate the QoE at the client machine. Our function is placed in two locations nearby and far away from the user to analyze the impact of geographical placement of the VNF on its performance. On the other hand, we set up a local testbed to examine the functional operation and measure the actual video buffer from a client web browser directly to validate the accuracy of the function. Our findings show that with respect to function placement, the VNF has high accuracy in estimating the QoE if it is deployed at the edge network close to the user. However, the VNF does not perform well when it operates far away from the users, e.g., at data centers. These insights help network vendors to more closely monitor the quality of the videos streamed to their customers.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-3, abstract = {The fast growth of HTTP video streaming is responsible for a huge amount of traffic over the past few years. Due to the variety and popularity of video content, more and more people are watching videos on the smart TV or on mobile devices. As a result, a potential market is emerging for video providers, which can significantly increase their revenues. In order to offer users a good experience, adaptive video streaming has been introduced to adapt the video quality to the network conditions. Nevertheless, it is still difficult for the network operators to assess the actual video quality on the device of the users and therefore they can not react to improve the service on the network. In this work, we propose a Virtual Network Function (VNF) to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) for online video service in the network. To conduct the study, on the one hand, we design a VNF monitoring to measure the video quality and estimate the QoE at the client machine. Our function is placed in two locations nearby and far away from the user to analyze the impact of geographical placement of the VNF on its performance. On the other hand, we set up a local testbed to examine the functional operation and measure the actual video buffer from a client web browser directly to validate the accuracy of the function. Our findings show that with respect to function placement, the VNF has high accuracy in estimating the QoE if it is deployed at the edge network close to the user. However, the VNF does not perform well when it operates far away from the users, e.g., at data centers. These insights help network vendors to more closely monitor the quality of the videos streamed to their customers.}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, author = {Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {1st IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Study on the Accuracy of QoE Monitoring for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming Using VNF}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-3 %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 1st IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Management (QoE-Management) %C Lisbon, Portugal %D 2017 %T Study on the Accuracy of QoE Monitoring for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming Using VNF %X The fast growth of HTTP video streaming is responsible for a huge amount of traffic over the past few years. Due to the variety and popularity of video content, more and more people are watching videos on the smart TV or on mobile devices. As a result, a potential market is emerging for video providers, which can significantly increase their revenues. In order to offer users a good experience, adaptive video streaming has been introduced to adapt the video quality to the network conditions. Nevertheless, it is still difficult for the network operators to assess the actual video quality on the device of the users and therefore they can not react to improve the service on the network. In this work, we propose a Virtual Network Function (VNF) to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) for online video service in the network. To conduct the study, on the one hand, we design a VNF monitoring to measure the video quality and estimate the QoE at the client machine. Our function is placed in two locations nearby and far away from the user to analyze the impact of geographical placement of the VNF on its performance. On the other hand, we set up a local testbed to examine the functional operation and measure the actual video buffer from a client web browser directly to validate the accuracy of the function. Our findings show that with respect to function placement, the VNF has high accuracy in estimating the QoE if it is deployed at the edge network close to the user. However, the VNF does not perform well when it operates far away from the users, e.g., at data centers. These insights help network vendors to more closely monitor the quality of the videos streamed to their customers.
• Unsupervised QoE Field Study for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming with YoMoApp. Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro; D’Alconzo, Alessandro; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Erfurt, Germany, 2017.
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  YoMoApp (YouTube Monitoring App) is an Android app to monitor mobile YouTube video streaming on both application- and network-layer. Additionally, it allows to collect subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) feedback of end users. During the development of the app, the stable versions of YoMoApp were already available in the Google Play Store, and the app was downloaded, installed, and used on many devices to monitor streaming sessions. As the app was not advertised in special campaigns or used for dedicated QoE studies, the monitored streaming sessions of this period compose the data set of a large unsupervised field study. The collected data set is evaluated to characterize current mobile YouTube streaming on both application and network layers. Furthermore, the problems and methodology to obtain QoE results from such unsupervised field study are discussed together with the actual QoE results. Correlations between QoE factors are investigated, and the QoE of clusters of similar streaming sessions is analyzed.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-9, abstract = {YoMoApp (YouTube Monitoring App) is an Android app to monitor mobile YouTube video streaming on both application- and network-layer. Additionally, it allows to collect subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) feedback of end users. During the development of the app, the stable versions of YoMoApp were already available in the Google Play Store, and the app was downloaded, installed, and used on many devices to monitor streaming sessions. As the app was not advertised in special campaigns or used for dedicated QoE studies, the monitored streaming sessions of this period compose the data set of a large unsupervised field study. The collected data set is evaluated to characterize current mobile YouTube streaming on both application and network layers. Furthermore, the problems and methodology to obtain QoE results from such unsupervised field study are discussed together with the actual QoE results. Correlations between QoE factors are investigated, and the QoE of clusters of similar streaming sessions is analyzed.}, address = {Erfurt, Germany}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro and D'Alconzo, Alessandro and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Unsupervised QoE Field Study for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming with YoMoApp}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-9 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %A D'Alconzo, Alessandro %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 9th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) %C Erfurt, Germany %D 2017 %T Unsupervised QoE Field Study for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming with YoMoApp %X YoMoApp (YouTube Monitoring App) is an Android app to monitor mobile YouTube video streaming on both application- and network-layer. Additionally, it allows to collect subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) feedback of end users. During the development of the app, the stable versions of YoMoApp were already available in the Google Play Store, and the app was downloaded, installed, and used on many devices to monitor streaming sessions. As the app was not advertised in special campaigns or used for dedicated QoE studies, the monitored streaming sessions of this period compose the data set of a large unsupervised field study. The collected data set is evaluated to characterize current mobile YouTube streaming on both application and network layers. Furthermore, the problems and methodology to obtain QoE results from such unsupervised field study are discussed together with the actual QoE results. Correlations between QoE factors are investigated, and the QoE of clusters of similar streaming sessions is analyzed.
• EdgeNetworkCloudSim: Placement of Service Chains in Edge Clouds Using NetworkCloudSim. Seufert, Michael; Kamneng Kwam, Brice; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 1st IEEE International Workshop on Network Programmability - From the Data Center to the Ground (NetFoG). Bologna, Italy, 2017.
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  Edge cloud computing is a trending paradigm, which extends cloud computing by additionally utilizing computing resources at the network edge, e.g., at mobile base stations. Especially personalized services can be instantiated or migrated close to end users, which improves the latency and supports user mobility. However, the placement of the service chains is crucial for the performance of the services and the energy consumption of the edge cloud platform, and appropriate algorithms have to be designed. To support the simulative performance evaluation of such algorithms, EdgeNetworkCloudSim was developed. It is an extension of NetworkCloudSim, and allows to simulate and evaluate the orchestration and consolidation of service chains in an edge network cloud.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-12, abstract = {Edge cloud computing is a trending paradigm, which extends cloud computing by additionally utilizing computing resources at the network edge, e.g., at mobile base stations. Especially personalized services can be instantiated or migrated close to end users, which improves the latency and supports user mobility. However, the placement of the service chains is crucial for the performance of the services and the energy consumption of the edge cloud platform, and appropriate algorithms have to be designed. To support the simulative performance evaluation of such algorithms, EdgeNetworkCloudSim was developed. It is an extension of NetworkCloudSim, and allows to simulate and evaluate the orchestration and consolidation of service chains in an edge network cloud.}, address = {Bologna, Italy}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Kamneng Kwam, Brice and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {1st IEEE International Workshop on Network Programmability - From the Data Center to the Ground (NetFoG)}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {EdgeNetworkCloudSim: Placement of Service Chains in Edge Clouds Using NetworkCloudSim}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-12 %A Seufert, Michael %A Kamneng Kwam, Brice %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 1st IEEE International Workshop on Network Programmability - From the Data Center to the Ground (NetFoG) %C Bologna, Italy %D 2017 %T EdgeNetworkCloudSim: Placement of Service Chains in Edge Clouds Using NetworkCloudSim %X Edge cloud computing is a trending paradigm, which extends cloud computing by additionally utilizing computing resources at the network edge, e.g., at mobile base stations. Especially personalized services can be instantiated or migrated close to end users, which improves the latency and supports user mobility. However, the placement of the service chains is crucial for the performance of the services and the energy consumption of the edge cloud platform, and appropriate algorithms have to be designed. To support the simulative performance evaluation of such algorithms, EdgeNetworkCloudSim was developed. It is an extension of NetworkCloudSim, and allows to simulate and evaluate the orchestration and consolidation of service chains in an edge network cloud.
• Server and Content Selection for MPEG DASH Video Streaming with Client Information. Wamser, Florian; Höfner, Steffen; Seufert, Michael; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE). Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2017.
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  In HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), such as MPEG DASH, the video is split into chunks and is available in different quality levels. If the video chunks are stored or cached on different servers to deal with the high load in the network and the Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements of the users, the problem of content selection arises. In this paper, we evaluate client-side algorithms for dynamically selecting an appropriate content server during DASH video streaming. We present three algorithms with which the DASH client itself can determine the most appropriate server based on client-specific metrics, like actual latency or bandwidth to the content servers. We evaluate and discuss the proposed algorithms with respect to the resulting DASH streaming behavior in terms of buffer levels and quality level selection.

  @inproceedings{info3-article-2017-3, abstract = {In HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), such as MPEG DASH, the video is split into chunks and is available in different quality levels. If the video chunks are stored or cached on different servers to deal with the high load in the network and the Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements of the users, the problem of content selection arises. In this paper, we evaluate client-side algorithms for dynamically selecting an appropriate content server during DASH video streaming. We present three algorithms with which the DASH client itself can determine the most appropriate server based on client-specific metrics, like actual latency or bandwidth to the content servers. We evaluate and discuss the proposed algorithms with respect to the resulting DASH streaming behavior in terms of buffer levels and quality level selection.}, address = {Los Angeles, CA, USA}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Höfner, Steffen and Seufert, Michael and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE)}, keywords = {can}, month = {08}, title = {Server and Content Selection for MPEG DASH Video Streaming with Client Information}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-article-2017-3 %A Wamser, Florian %A Höfner, Steffen %A Seufert, Michael %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE) %C Los Angeles, CA, USA %D 2017 %T Server and Content Selection for MPEG DASH Video Streaming with Client Information %X In HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS), such as MPEG DASH, the video is split into chunks and is available in different quality levels. If the video chunks are stored or cached on different servers to deal with the high load in the network and the Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements of the users, the problem of content selection arises. In this paper, we evaluate client-side algorithms for dynamically selecting an appropriate content server during DASH video streaming. We present three algorithms with which the DASH client itself can determine the most appropriate server based on client-specific metrics, like actual latency or bandwidth to the content servers. We evaluate and discuss the proposed algorithms with respect to the resulting DASH streaming behavior in terms of buffer levels and quality level selection.
• Performance Evaluation of Video Streaming Service Chains in Softwarized 5G Networks with Task Graph Reduction. Loh, Frank; Burger, Valentin; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schembra, Giovanni; Rametta, Corrado. In 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). 2017.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-18, author = {Loh, Frank and Burger, Valentin and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schembra, Giovanni and Rametta, Corrado}, booktitle = {29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Video Streaming Service Chains in Softwarized 5G Networks with Task Graph Reduction}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-18 %A Loh, Frank %A Burger, Valentin %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schembra, Giovanni %A Rametta, Corrado %B 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC) %D 2017 %T Performance Evaluation of Video Streaming Service Chains in Softwarized 5G Networks with Task Graph Reduction
• Performance Assessment of Cloud Migrations from Network and Application Point of View. Iffländer, Lukas; Wamser, Florian; Metter, Christopher; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of 9th EAI International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management (MONAMI 2017). Melbourne, Australia, 2017.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2017-22, address = {Melbourne, Australia}, author = {Iffländer, Lukas and Wamser, Florian and Metter, Christopher and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 9th EAI International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management (MONAMI 2017)}, keywords = {can}, month = 12, title = {Performance Assessment of Cloud Migrations from Network and Application Point of View}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2017-22 %A Iffländer, Lukas %A Wamser, Florian %A Metter, Christopher %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Kounev, Samuel %B Proceedings of 9th EAI International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management (MONAMI 2017) %C Melbourne, Australia %D 2017 %T Performance Assessment of Cloud Migrations from Network and Application Point of View

• Analytic Model for SDN Controller Traffic and Switch Table Occupancy. Metter, Christopher; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 12th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Best Paper Award, Montreal, Canada, 2016.
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  Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a major paradigm in the field of current communication networks. SDN is used as the basis of many new networks although few performance models are available in the literature, and the majority of performance evaluations are based primarily on practical measurements. To fill this gap, we develop an analytical model to assess SDN control plane traffic as well as the occupancy of the flow table of an SDN switch. The contribution of this work is the formulation of the model for the performance-decisive parameters control-plane traffic and flow table occupancy and the application of the model for different data plane traffic characteristics. In the end, there is a discussion about the setting of time-out values for storing flow entries in the switch flow table depending on the traffic characteristics in the data plane. The trade-off between the signaling traffic in the control plane and the occupancy of the flow table is discussed in order to minimize both.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2016-17, abstract = {Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a major paradigm in the field of current communication networks. SDN is used as the basis of many new networks although few performance models are available in the literature, and the majority of performance evaluations are based primarily on practical measurements. To fill this gap, we develop an analytical model to assess SDN control plane traffic as well as the occupancy of the flow table of an SDN switch. The contribution of this work is the formulation of the model for the performance-decisive parameters control-plane traffic and flow table occupancy and the application of the model for different data plane traffic characteristics. In the end, there is a discussion about the setting of time-out values for storing flow entries in the switch flow table depending on the traffic characteristics in the data plane. The trade-off between the signaling traffic in the control plane and the occupancy of the flow table is discussed in order to minimize both.}, address = {Best Paper Award, Montreal, Canada}, author = {Metter, Christopher and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {12th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {can}, month = 10, title = {Analytic Model for SDN Controller Traffic and Switch Table Occupancy}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2016-17 %A Metter, Christopher %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 12th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) %C Best Paper Award, Montreal, Canada %D 2016 %T Analytic Model for SDN Controller Traffic and Switch Table Occupancy %X Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a major paradigm in the field of current communication networks. SDN is used as the basis of many new networks although few performance models are available in the literature, and the majority of performance evaluations are based primarily on practical measurements. To fill this gap, we develop an analytical model to assess SDN control plane traffic as well as the occupancy of the flow table of an SDN switch. The contribution of this work is the formulation of the model for the performance-decisive parameters control-plane traffic and flow table occupancy and the application of the model for different data plane traffic characteristics. In the end, there is a discussion about the setting of time-out values for storing flow entries in the switch flow table depending on the traffic characteristics in the data plane. The trade-off between the signaling traffic in the control plane and the occupancy of the flow table is discussed in order to minimize both.
• Concept for Client-initiated Selection of Cloud Instances for Improving QoE of Distributed Cloud Services. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Höfner, Steffen; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE). Florianópolis, Brazil, 2016.
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  We introduce a concept for client-initiated selection of service location and service quality for improving the Quality of Experience (QoE) of general cloud services. It is loosely based on the HTTP adaptive streaming approach (e.g., MPEG DASH). A manifest file compiled by the cloud service provider specifies the available service locations and qualities, from which the user selects the optimal service instance based on contextual information obtained from client measurements and user preferences. The proposed concept is defined and is implemented in two client-based decision algorithms for improving the QoE of a simple picture gallery cloud service. These decision algorithms are evaluated and their impact on the service delivery is discussed. The evaluation shows that it is possible to improve the service location and quality selection by light-weight client-based algorithms.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2016-14, abstract = {We introduce a concept for client-initiated selection of service location and service quality for improving the Quality of Experience (QoE) of general cloud services. It is loosely based on the HTTP adaptive streaming approach (e.g., MPEG DASH). A manifest file compiled by the cloud service provider specifies the available service locations and qualities, from which the user selects the optimal service instance based on contextual information obtained from client measurements and user preferences. The proposed concept is defined and is implemented in two client-based decision algorithms for improving the QoE of a simple picture gallery cloud service. These decision algorithms are evaluated and their impact on the service delivery is discussed. The evaluation shows that it is possible to improve the service location and quality selection by light-weight client-based algorithms.}, address = {Florianópolis, Brazil}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Höfner, Steffen and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE)}, keywords = {can}, month = {08}, title = {Concept for Client-initiated Selection of Cloud Instances for Improving QoE of Distributed Cloud Services}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2016-14 %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Höfner, Steffen %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on QoE-based Analysis and Management of Data Communication Networks (Internet-QoE) %C Florianópolis, Brazil %D 2016 %T Concept for Client-initiated Selection of Cloud Instances for Improving QoE of Distributed Cloud Services %X We introduce a concept for client-initiated selection of service location and service quality for improving the Quality of Experience (QoE) of general cloud services. It is loosely based on the HTTP adaptive streaming approach (e.g., MPEG DASH). A manifest file compiled by the cloud service provider specifies the available service locations and qualities, from which the user selects the optimal service instance based on contextual information obtained from client measurements and user preferences. The proposed concept is defined and is implemented in two client-based decision algorithms for improving the QoE of a simple picture gallery cloud service. These decision algorithms are evaluated and their impact on the service delivery is discussed. The evaluation shows that it is possible to improve the service location and quality selection by light-weight client-based algorithms.
• QoE Aware Placement of Content in Edge Networks on the Example of a Photo Album Cloud Service. Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE). Ha Long, Vietnam, 2016.
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  The paradigm of Software as a Service has gained great achievements in the last decade. By transferring computation and storage to the cloud and migrating services to the edge network, users benefit from using demanding services on lightweight devices. However, the user perceived quality of experience (QoE) for these services is facing the challenges of network impairments and the accessibility of users. Unlike a typical PC-based software, the cloud provides users a location-aware, flexible placement of resource for a cost effective service. The geographical placement of content is therefore one of the key factors that affects the user's satisfaction. The closer the content to the user geographically is, the faster it will be delivered to the user that will also increase the user perceived QoE. In this work, we estimate more precisely the QoE for photo loading time in a particular usage of a photo album cloud service with regard to the influence of various parameters. Firstly, we validate a TCP throughput model and use it to calculate the photo loading time from a given photo size and network QoS. Thereafter, we formulate a mapping function to calculate the MOS value from a QoE model adding the output of the TCP model. From this mapping function, we can estimate QoE for photo loading time from a given photo size, its placement and network QoS. Our main contribution is to determine the trade-off between the size of photo and its placement to acquire a high QoE for photo loading time, which is important for the development of a photo album cloud service.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2016-16, abstract = {The paradigm of Software as a Service has gained great achievements in the last decade. By transferring computation and storage to the cloud and migrating services to the edge network, users benefit from using demanding services on lightweight devices. However, the user perceived quality of experience (QoE) for these services is facing the challenges of network impairments and the accessibility of users. Unlike a typical PC-based software, the cloud provides users a location-aware, flexible placement of resource for a cost effective service. The geographical placement of content is therefore one of the key factors that affects the user's satisfaction. The closer the content to the user geographically is, the faster it will be delivered to the user that will also increase the user perceived QoE. In this work, we estimate more precisely the QoE for photo loading time in a particular usage of a photo album cloud service with regard to the influence of various parameters. Firstly, we validate a TCP throughput model and use it to calculate the photo loading time from a given photo size and network QoS. Thereafter, we formulate a mapping function to calculate the MOS value from a QoE model adding the output of the TCP model. From this mapping function, we can estimate QoE for photo loading time from a given photo size, its placement and network QoS. Our main contribution is to determine the trade-off between the size of photo and its placement to acquire a high QoE for photo loading time, which is important for the development of a photo album cloud service.}, address = {Ha Long, Vietnam}, author = {Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {QoE Aware Placement of Content in Edge Networks on the Example of a Photo Album Cloud Service}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2016-16 %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE) %C Ha Long, Vietnam %D 2016 %T QoE Aware Placement of Content in Edge Networks on the Example of a Photo Album Cloud Service %X The paradigm of Software as a Service has gained great achievements in the last decade. By transferring computation and storage to the cloud and migrating services to the edge network, users benefit from using demanding services on lightweight devices. However, the user perceived quality of experience (QoE) for these services is facing the challenges of network impairments and the accessibility of users. Unlike a typical PC-based software, the cloud provides users a location-aware, flexible placement of resource for a cost effective service. The geographical placement of content is therefore one of the key factors that affects the user's satisfaction. The closer the content to the user geographically is, the faster it will be delivered to the user that will also increase the user perceived QoE. In this work, we estimate more precisely the QoE for photo loading time in a particular usage of a photo album cloud service with regard to the influence of various parameters. Firstly, we validate a TCP throughput model and use it to calculate the photo loading time from a given photo size and network QoS. Thereafter, we formulate a mapping function to calculate the MOS value from a QoE model adding the output of the TCP model. From this mapping function, we can estimate QoE for photo loading time from a given photo size, its placement and network QoS. Our main contribution is to determine the trade-off between the size of photo and its placement to acquire a high QoE for photo loading time, which is important for the development of a photo album cloud service.
• Application-Layer Monitoring of QoE Parameters for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming in the Field. Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Wamser, Florian; Wehner, Nikolas; Schatz, Raimund; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE). Ha Long, Vietnam, 2016.
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  YouTube video streaming is one of the most popular and most demanding services in cellular networks. Thus, operators are concerned about the quality of the streaming delivered by their networks and would like to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this work, we conduct a field study of mobile YouTube video streaming, in which both network flow parameters and application-layer streaming parameters were monitored, and present the characteristics of current mobile YouTube streaming. The impact of both approaches is investigated showing that monitoring network parameters is not sufficient to directly infer the resulting QoE. In contrast, the streaming parameters, which can be obtained from application-layer monitoring, show high correlations to the subjectively experienced quality, and thus, are better suited for QoE monitoring.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2016-9, abstract = {YouTube video streaming is one of the most popular and most demanding services in cellular networks. Thus, operators are concerned about the quality of the streaming delivered by their networks and would like to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this work, we conduct a field study of mobile YouTube video streaming, in which both network flow parameters and application-layer streaming parameters were monitored, and present the characteristics of current mobile YouTube streaming. The impact of both approaches is investigated showing that monitoring network parameters is not sufficient to directly infer the resulting QoE. In contrast, the streaming parameters, which can be obtained from application-layer monitoring, show high correlations to the subjectively experienced quality, and thus, are better suited for QoE monitoring.}, address = {Ha Long, Vietnam}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Wamser, Florian and Wehner, Nikolas and Schatz, Raimund and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {Application-Layer Monitoring of QoE Parameters for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming in the Field}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2016-9 %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Wamser, Florian %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Schatz, Raimund %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B IEEE 6th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE) %C Ha Long, Vietnam %D 2016 %T Application-Layer Monitoring of QoE Parameters for Mobile YouTube Video Streaming in the Field %X YouTube video streaming is one of the most popular and most demanding services in cellular networks. Thus, operators are concerned about the quality of the streaming delivered by their networks and would like to monitor the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end users. In this work, we conduct a field study of mobile YouTube video streaming, in which both network flow parameters and application-layer streaming parameters were monitored, and present the characteristics of current mobile YouTube streaming. The impact of both approaches is investigated showing that monitoring network parameters is not sufficient to directly infer the resulting QoE. In contrast, the streaming parameters, which can be obtained from application-layer monitoring, show high correlations to the subjectively experienced quality, and thus, are better suited for QoE monitoring.
• Load Dynamics of a Multiplayer Online Battle Area and Simulative Assessment of Edge Server Placements. Burger, Valentin; Frances Pajo, Jane; Sanchez, Odnan Ref; Seufert, Michael; Schwartz, Christian; Wamser, Florian; Davoli, Franco; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys). Klagenfurt, Austria, 2016.
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  Free-to-play models, streaming of games and eSports are reasons for online gaming to grow in popularity recently. On the forefront are multiplayer online battle arenas, which gain high popularity by introducing a competitive format that is easy to access and requires cooperation and team play. These games highly rely on fast reaction of the players, which makes latency the key performance indicator of such applications. To obtain low latency, this paper proposes moving game servers close to players towards the edge of the network. The performance of such mechanism highly depends on the geographic distribution of players. By analyzing match histories and statistics, we develop models for the arrival process and location of game requests. This allows us to evaluate the performance of edge server resource migration policies in an event based simulation. Our results show that a high number of edge servers is preferable compared to few larger edge servers to reduce the latency of players. This supports approaches that allow deploying virtual server instances in the back-haul.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2016-2, abstract = {Free-to-play models, streaming of games and eSports are reasons for online gaming to grow in popularity recently. On the forefront are multiplayer online battle arenas, which gain high popularity by introducing a competitive format that is easy to access and requires cooperation and team play. These games highly rely on fast reaction of the players, which makes latency the key performance indicator of such applications. To obtain low latency, this paper proposes moving game servers close to players towards the edge of the network. The performance of such mechanism highly depends on the geographic distribution of players. By analyzing match histories and statistics, we develop models for the arrival process and location of game requests. This allows us to evaluate the performance of edge server resource migration policies in an event based simulation. Our results show that a high number of edge servers is preferable compared to few larger edge servers to reduce the latency of players. This supports approaches that allow deploying virtual server instances in the back-haul.}, address = {Klagenfurt, Austria}, author = {Burger, Valentin and Frances Pajo, Jane and Sanchez, Odnan Ref and Seufert, Michael and Schwartz, Christian and Wamser, Florian and Davoli, Franco and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Load Dynamics of a Multiplayer Online Battle Area and Simulative Assessment of Edge Server Placements}, year = 2016 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2016-2 %A Burger, Valentin %A Frances Pajo, Jane %A Sanchez, Odnan Ref %A Seufert, Michael %A Schwartz, Christian %A Wamser, Florian %A Davoli, Franco %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) %C Klagenfurt, Austria %D 2016 %T Load Dynamics of a Multiplayer Online Battle Area and Simulative Assessment of Edge Server Placements %X Free-to-play models, streaming of games and eSports are reasons for online gaming to grow in popularity recently. On the forefront are multiplayer online battle arenas, which gain high popularity by introducing a competitive format that is easy to access and requires cooperation and team play. These games highly rely on fast reaction of the players, which makes latency the key performance indicator of such applications. To obtain low latency, this paper proposes moving game servers close to players towards the edge of the network. The performance of such mechanism highly depends on the geographic distribution of players. By analyzing match histories and statistics, we develop models for the arrival process and location of game requests. This allows us to evaluate the performance of edge server resource migration policies in an event based simulation. Our results show that a high number of edge servers is preferable compared to few larger edge servers to reduce the latency of players. This supports approaches that allow deploying virtual server instances in the back-haul.

• Taming QoE in Cellular Networks: from Subjective Lab Studies to Measurements in the Field. Casas, Pedro; Gardlo, Bruno; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Schatz, Raimund. In 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Barcelona, Spain, 2015.
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  A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of the downlink bandwidth on the QoE of three popular smartphone apps: YouTube, Facebook and Google Maps. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-531, abstract = {A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of the downlink bandwidth on the QoE of three popular smartphone apps: YouTube, Facebook and Google Maps. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Gardlo, Bruno and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, title = {Taming QoE in Cellular Networks: from Subjective Lab Studies to Measurements in the Field}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-531 %A Casas, Pedro %A Gardlo, Bruno %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Schatz, Raimund %B 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) %C Barcelona, Spain %D 2015 %T Taming QoE in Cellular Networks: from Subjective Lab Studies to Measurements in the Field %X A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular apps in such devices becomes paramount to cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we address the problem of QoE provisioning in smartphones from a double perspective, combining the results obtained from subjective lab tests with end-device passive measurements and QoE crowd-sourced feedback obtained in operational cellular networks. The study addresses the impact of the downlink bandwidth on the QoE of three popular smartphone apps: YouTube, Facebook and Google Maps. As a main contribution, we show that the results obtained in the lab are highly applicable in the live scenario, as mappings track the QoE provided by users in real networks. We additionally provide hints and bandwidth thresholds for good QoE levels on such apps, as well as discussion on end-device passive measurements and analysis. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis to better understand the QoE requirements of popular mobile apps, as well as for monitoring the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices, combining network measurements with users QoE feedback in lab tests and operational networks.
• Analyzing the Impact of Delay and Packet Loss on Google Docs. Dinh-Xuan, Lam; Schwartz, Christian; Hirth, Matthias; Wamser, Florian; Truong Thu, Huong. In 7th International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management. Santander, Spain, 2015.
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  Software as a Service allows end users to use complex soft- ware directly from their browsers, transferring heavy computation to servers in the cloud. One use of this paradigm is word processing, former a classic use cases of Thin-Client computing. Similar to Thin-Client systems, the network parameters are an important influence factor for the cloud application performance. In this paper, we study Google Docs as an example for online word processing tools. We consider a traditional single user scenario as well as a collaborative scenario with two users working on one document simultaneously. We identify multiple relevant sub-processes per scenario as performance metrics and use a testbed to automatically evaluate the performance of Google Docs under varying network parameters. The main contributions of the paper are (1) the quantification of the impact of network parameters such as delay and packet loss on application performance metrics for both scenarios and (2) linear regression models to derive the application performance for giving network parameters.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-522, abstract = {Software as a Service allows end users to use complex soft- ware directly from their browsers, transferring heavy computation to servers in the cloud. One use of this paradigm is word processing, former a classic use cases of Thin-Client computing. Similar to Thin-Client systems, the network parameters are an important influence factor for the cloud application performance. In this paper, we study Google Docs as an example for online word processing tools. We consider a traditional single user scenario as well as a collaborative scenario with two users working on one document simultaneously. We identify multiple relevant sub-processes per scenario as performance metrics and use a testbed to automatically evaluate the performance of Google Docs under varying network parameters. The main contributions of the paper are (1) the quantification of the impact of network parameters such as delay and packet loss on application performance metrics for both scenarios and (2) linear regression models to derive the application performance for giving network parameters.}, address = {Santander, Spain}, author = {Dinh-Xuan, Lam and Schwartz, Christian and Hirth, Matthias and Wamser, Florian and Truong Thu, Huong}, booktitle = {7th International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Analyzing the Impact of Delay and Packet Loss on Google Docs}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-522 %A Dinh-Xuan, Lam %A Schwartz, Christian %A Hirth, Matthias %A Wamser, Florian %A Truong Thu, Huong %B 7th International Conference on Mobile Networks and Management %C Santander, Spain %D 2015 %T Analyzing the Impact of Delay and Packet Loss on Google Docs %X Software as a Service allows end users to use complex soft- ware directly from their browsers, transferring heavy computation to servers in the cloud. One use of this paradigm is word processing, former a classic use cases of Thin-Client computing. Similar to Thin-Client systems, the network parameters are an important influence factor for the cloud application performance. In this paper, we study Google Docs as an example for online word processing tools. We consider a traditional single user scenario as well as a collaborative scenario with two users working on one document simultaneously. We identify multiple relevant sub-processes per scenario as performance metrics and use a testbed to automatically evaluate the performance of Google Docs under varying network parameters. The main contributions of the paper are (1) the quantification of the impact of network parameters such as delay and packet loss on application performance metrics for both scenarios and (2) linear regression models to derive the application performance for giving network parameters.
• YouTube QoE on Mobile Devices: Subjective Analysis of Classical vs. Adaptive Video Streaming. Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro; Irmer, Ralf; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. In 6th International Workshop on Traffic Analysis and Characterization (TRAC). Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2015.
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  YouTube is the most popular service in the Internet and is increasingly consumed on mobile devices. With emerging adaptive video streaming technology, the question arises whether it should be also employed in the mobile context, which shows different characteristics in terms of display sizes and reliability of Internet connection. This paper compares YouTube QoE on mobile devices for both classical and adaptive video streaming based on a subjective lab experiment, in which different network conditions were emulated. Our results show that adaptive video streaming provides almost excellent results for the poorest network conditions. Thereby, it clearly outperforms classical video streaming, and thus, should be considered to achieve higher QoE in future mobile streaming applications.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-515, abstract = {YouTube is the most popular service in the Internet and is increasingly consumed on mobile devices. With emerging adaptive video streaming technology, the question arises whether it should be also employed in the mobile context, which shows different characteristics in terms of display sizes and reliability of Internet connection. This paper compares YouTube QoE on mobile devices for both classical and adaptive video streaming based on a subjective lab experiment, in which different network conditions were emulated. Our results show that adaptive video streaming provides almost excellent results for the poorest network conditions. Thereby, it clearly outperforms classical video streaming, and thus, should be considered to achieve higher QoE in future mobile streaming applications.}, address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro and Irmer, Ralf and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {6th International Workshop on Traffic Analysis and Characterization (TRAC)}, keywords = {can}, month = {08}, title = {YouTube QoE on Mobile Devices: Subjective Analysis of Classical vs. Adaptive Video Streaming}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-515 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %A Irmer, Ralf %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B 6th International Workshop on Traffic Analysis and Characterization (TRAC) %C Dubrovnik, Croatia %D 2015 %T YouTube QoE on Mobile Devices: Subjective Analysis of Classical vs. Adaptive Video Streaming %X YouTube is the most popular service in the Internet and is increasingly consumed on mobile devices. With emerging adaptive video streaming technology, the question arises whether it should be also employed in the mobile context, which shows different characteristics in terms of display sizes and reliability of Internet connection. This paper compares YouTube QoE on mobile devices for both classical and adaptive video streaming based on a subjective lab experiment, in which different network conditions were emulated. Our results show that adaptive video streaming provides almost excellent results for the poorest network conditions. Thereby, it clearly outperforms classical video streaming, and thus, should be considered to achieve higher QoE in future mobile streaming applications.
• Exploring QoE in Cellular Networks: How Much Bandwidth do you Need for Popular Smartphone Apps? Casas, Pedro; Schatz, Raimund; Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Irmer, Ralf. In 5th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges. London, UK, 2015.
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  A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular services in such devices becomes paramount for cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we study the problemof QoE provisioning in smartphones, presenting the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for five popular apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. The analysis addresses the impact of the access downlink bandwidth on the QoE of these apps when accessed through smartphones. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis for better understanding the QoE requirements of popular services and mobile apps, as well as for dimensioning the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-516, abstract = {A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular services in such devices becomes paramount for cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we study the problemof QoE provisioning in smartphones, presenting the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for five popular apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. The analysis addresses the impact of the access downlink bandwidth on the QoE of these apps when accessed through smartphones. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis for better understanding the QoE requirements of popular services and mobile apps, as well as for dimensioning the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices.}, address = {London, UK}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Schatz, Raimund and Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Irmer, Ralf}, booktitle = {5th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges}, keywords = {can}, month = {08}, title = {Exploring QoE in Cellular Networks: How Much Bandwidth do you Need for Popular Smartphone Apps?}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-516 %A Casas, Pedro %A Schatz, Raimund %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Irmer, Ralf %B 5th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges %C London, UK %D 2015 %T Exploring QoE in Cellular Networks: How Much Bandwidth do you Need for Popular Smartphone Apps? %X A quarter of the world population will be using smartphones to access the Internet in the near future. In this context, understanding the Quality of Experience (QoE) of popular services in such devices becomes paramount for cellular network operators, who need to offer high quality levels to reduce the risks of customers churning for quality dissatisfaction. In this paper we study the problemof QoE provisioning in smartphones, presenting the results obtained from subjective lab tests performed for five popular apps: YouTube, Facebook, Web browsing through Chrome, Google Maps, and WhatsApp. The analysis addresses the impact of the access downlink bandwidth on the QoE of these apps when accessed through smartphones. The results presented in this paper provide a sound basis for better understanding the QoE requirements of popular services and mobile apps, as well as for dimensioning the underlying provisioning network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper providing such a comprehensive analysis of QoE in mobile devices.
• Utilizing Home Router Caches to Augment CDNs towards Information-Centric Networking. Seufert, Michael; Burger, Valentin; Wamser, Florian; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Moldovan, Christian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). Paris, France, 2015.
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  To implement improved Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) management for content-heavy services like video streaming, content has to be moved closer to the edge. The concept of information-centric networking (ICN) would be a prospective enabler but is currently not practically feasible yet. We propose a hierarchical caching architecture utilizing caches on home routers to augment existing content delivery network (CDN) infrastructure. This approach can be implemented via Software-defined Networking (SDN) and brings current CDNs closer towards ICN. Based on a simulation study, we confirm that our approach is able to serve content more locally, which results in QoS and QoE benefits for end users as well as inter-domain traffic savings for network operators.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-514, abstract = {To implement improved Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) management for content-heavy services like video streaming, content has to be moved closer to the edge. The concept of information-centric networking (ICN) would be a prospective enabler but is currently not practically feasible yet. We propose a hierarchical caching architecture utilizing caches on home routers to augment existing content delivery network (CDN) infrastructure. This approach can be implemented via Software-defined Networking (SDN) and brings current CDNs closer towards ICN. Based on a simulation study, we confirm that our approach is able to serve content more locally, which results in QoS and QoE benefits for end users as well as inter-domain traffic savings for network operators.}, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Burger, Valentin and Wamser, Florian and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Moldovan, Christian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Utilizing Home Router Caches to Augment CDNs towards Information-Centric Networking}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-514 %A Seufert, Michael %A Burger, Valentin %A Wamser, Florian %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Moldovan, Christian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) %C Paris, France %D 2015 %T Utilizing Home Router Caches to Augment CDNs towards Information-Centric Networking %X To implement improved Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) management for content-heavy services like video streaming, content has to be moved closer to the edge. The concept of information-centric networking (ICN) would be a prospective enabler but is currently not practically feasible yet. We propose a hierarchical caching architecture utilizing caches on home routers to augment existing content delivery network (CDN) infrastructure. This approach can be implemented via Software-defined Networking (SDN) and brings current CDNs closer towards ICN. Based on a simulation study, we confirm that our approach is able to serve content more locally, which results in QoS and QoE benefits for end users as well as inter-domain traffic savings for network operators.
• YoMoApp: a Tool for Analyzing QoE of YouTube HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Irmer, Ralf; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. In European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). Paris, France, 2015.
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  The performance of YouTube in mobile networks is crucial to network operators, who try to find a trade-off between cost-efficient handling of the huge traffic amounts and high perceived end-user Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper introduces YoMoApp (YouTube Performance Monitoring Application), an Android application, which passively monitors key performance indicators (KPIs) of YouTube adaptive video streaming on end-user smartphones. The monitored KPIs (i.e., player state/events, buffer, and video quality level) can be used to analyze the QoE of mobile YouTube video sessions. YoMoApp is a valuable tool to assess the performance of mobile networks with respect to YouTube traffic, as well as to develop optimizations and QoE models for mobile HTTP adaptive streaming. We test YoMoApp through real subjective QoE tests showing that the tool is accurate to capture the experience of end-users watching YouTube on smartphones.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-513, abstract = {The performance of YouTube in mobile networks is crucial to network operators, who try to find a trade-off between cost-efficient handling of the huge traffic amounts and high perceived end-user Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper introduces YoMoApp (YouTube Performance Monitoring Application), an Android application, which passively monitors key performance indicators (KPIs) of YouTube adaptive video streaming on end-user smartphones. The monitored KPIs (i.e., player state/events, buffer, and video quality level) can be used to analyze the QoE of mobile YouTube video sessions. YoMoApp is a valuable tool to assess the performance of mobile networks with respect to YouTube traffic, as well as to develop optimizations and QoE models for mobile HTTP adaptive streaming. We test YoMoApp through real subjective QoE tests showing that the tool is accurate to capture the experience of end-users watching YouTube on smartphones.}, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Irmer, Ralf and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {06}, title = {YoMoApp: a Tool for Analyzing QoE of YouTube HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-513 %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Irmer, Ralf %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC) %C Paris, France %D 2015 %T YoMoApp: a Tool for Analyzing QoE of YouTube HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks %X The performance of YouTube in mobile networks is crucial to network operators, who try to find a trade-off between cost-efficient handling of the huge traffic amounts and high perceived end-user Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper introduces YoMoApp (YouTube Performance Monitoring Application), an Android application, which passively monitors key performance indicators (KPIs) of YouTube adaptive video streaming on end-user smartphones. The monitored KPIs (i.e., player state/events, buffer, and video quality level) can be used to analyze the QoE of mobile YouTube video sessions. YoMoApp is a valuable tool to assess the performance of mobile networks with respect to YouTube traffic, as well as to develop optimizations and QoE models for mobile HTTP adaptive streaming. We test YoMoApp through real subjective QoE tests showing that the tool is accurate to capture the experience of end-users watching YouTube on smartphones.
• Interaction of Control Loops on Application, Transport, and Network Layer. Zinner, Thomas; Cofano, Giuseppe; Wamser, Florian; De Cicco, Luca; Mascolo, Saverio; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In EUCNC - Special Session 3 QoS/QoE Monitoring and Management with SDN. Paris, 2015.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2015-520, address = {Paris}, author = {Zinner, Thomas and Cofano, Giuseppe and Wamser, Florian and De Cicco, Luca and Mascolo, Saverio and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {EUCNC - Special Session 3 QoS/QoE Monitoring and Management with SDN}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {06}, title = {Interaction of Control Loops on Application, Transport, and Network Layer}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2015-520 %A Zinner, Thomas %A Cofano, Giuseppe %A Wamser, Florian %A De Cicco, Luca %A Mascolo, Saverio %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B EUCNC - Special Session 3 QoS/QoE Monitoring and Management with SDN %C Paris %D 2015 %T Interaction of Control Loops on Application, Transport, and Network Layer

• Dynamic Application-Aware Resource Management Using Software-Defined Networking: Implementation Prospects and Challenges. Zinner, Thomas; Jarschel, Michael; Blenk, Andreas; Wamser, Florian; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Centric Management (QCMan). Krakow, Poland, 2014.
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  Today’s Internet does not provide an exchange of information between applications and networks, which may result in poor application performance. Concepts such as applicationaware networking or network-aware application programming try to overcome these limitations. The introduction of Software- Defined Networking (SDN) opens a path towards the realization of an enhanced interaction between networks and applications. Hence, a more dynamic and demand-based allocation of network resources to heterogeneous applications can be realized. The implementation of the resource management action, however, may have an impact on the data transport and application quality. This paper summarizes resource management mechanisms provided by current SDN approaches based on OpenFlow and exemplary evaluates implementation prospects and challenges.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2014-490, abstract = {Today’s Internet does not provide an exchange of information between applications and networks, which may result in poor application performance. Concepts such as applicationaware networking or network-aware application programming try to overcome these limitations. The introduction of Software- Defined Networking (SDN) opens a path towards the realization of an enhanced interaction between networks and applications. Hence, a more dynamic and demand-based allocation of network resources to heterogeneous applications can be realized. The implementation of the resource management action, however, may have an impact on the data transport and application quality. This paper summarizes resource management mechanisms provided by current SDN approaches based on OpenFlow and exemplary evaluates implementation prospects and challenges.}, address = {Krakow, Poland}, author = {Zinner, Thomas and Jarschel, Michael and Blenk, Andreas and Wamser, Florian and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Centric Management (QCMan)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {05}, title = {Dynamic Application-Aware Resource Management Using Software-Defined Networking: Implementation Prospects and Challenges}, year = 2014 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2014-490 %A Zinner, Thomas %A Jarschel, Michael %A Blenk, Andreas %A Wamser, Florian %A Kellerer, Wolfgang %B IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Experience Centric Management (QCMan) %C Krakow, Poland %D 2014 %T Dynamic Application-Aware Resource Management Using Software-Defined Networking: Implementation Prospects and Challenges %X Today’s Internet does not provide an exchange of information between applications and networks, which may result in poor application performance. Concepts such as applicationaware networking or network-aware application programming try to overcome these limitations. The introduction of Software- Defined Networking (SDN) opens a path towards the realization of an enhanced interaction between networks and applications. Hence, a more dynamic and demand-based allocation of network resources to heterogeneous applications can be realized. The implementation of the resource management action, however, may have an impact on the data transport and application quality. This paper summarizes resource management mechanisms provided by current SDN approaches based on OpenFlow and exemplary evaluates implementation prospects and challenges.
• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Multiple Network Connections: Improving User QoE and Network Usage of YouTube in Mobile Broadband. Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Z Zhu, Jing; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM SIGCOMM Capacity Sharing Workshop (CSWS 2014). Chicago, IL, USA, 2014.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2014-500, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Z Zhu, Jing and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {ACM SIGCOMM Capacity Sharing Workshop (CSWS 2014)}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {08}, title = {Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Multiple Network Connections: Improving User QoE and Network Usage of YouTube in Mobile Broadband}, year = 2014 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2014-500 %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Z Zhu, Jing %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B ACM SIGCOMM Capacity Sharing Workshop (CSWS 2014) %C Chicago, IL, USA %D 2014 %T Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Multiple Network Connections: Improving User QoE and Network Usage of YouTube in Mobile Broadband
• Implementing Application-Aware Resource Allocation on a Home Gateway for the Example of YouTube. Wamser, Florian; Iffländer, Lukas; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Würzburg, Germany, 2014.
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  Today’s Internet does not offer any quality level beyond best effort for the majority of applications used by private customers. If multiple customers with heterogeneous applications share a bottleneck link to the Internet, this often leads to quality deterioration for the customers. This particularly holds for home networks with smallband Internet access and for home networks with resource limitation like a bad channel quality within a wireless network. For such cases, the best effort allocation of resources between heterogeneous applications leads to an unfair distribution of the application quality among the users. To provide a similar application quality for all users, we propose to implement an application-oriented resource management on a home gateway. Therefore, allocation mechanisms need to be implemented such as the prioritization of network flows. Furthermore, a component monitoring the application quality and dynamically triggering these mechanisms is required. We show the feasibility of this concept by the implementation of an application monitor for YouTube on a standard home gateway. The gateway estimates the YouTube video buffers and prioritizes the video clip before the playback buffer depletes.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2014-504, abstract = {Today’s Internet does not offer any quality level beyond best effort for the majority of applications used by private customers. If multiple customers with heterogeneous applications share a bottleneck link to the Internet, this often leads to quality deterioration for the customers. This particularly holds for home networks with smallband Internet access and for home networks with resource limitation like a bad channel quality within a wireless network. For such cases, the best effort allocation of resources between heterogeneous applications leads to an unfair distribution of the application quality among the users. To provide a similar application quality for all users, we propose to implement an application-oriented resource management on a home gateway. Therefore, allocation mechanisms need to be implemented such as the prioritization of network flows. Furthermore, a component monitoring the application quality and dynamically triggering these mechanisms is required. We show the feasibility of this concept by the implementation of an application monitor for YouTube on a standard home gateway. The gateway estimates the YouTube video buffers and prioritizes the video clip before the playback buffer depletes.}, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Iffländer, Lukas and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {09}, title = {Implementing Application-Aware Resource Allocation on a Home Gateway for the Example of YouTube}, year = 2014 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2014-504 %A Wamser, Florian %A Iffländer, Lukas %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2014 %T Implementing Application-Aware Resource Allocation on a Home Gateway for the Example of YouTube %X Today’s Internet does not offer any quality level beyond best effort for the majority of applications used by private customers. If multiple customers with heterogeneous applications share a bottleneck link to the Internet, this often leads to quality deterioration for the customers. This particularly holds for home networks with smallband Internet access and for home networks with resource limitation like a bad channel quality within a wireless network. For such cases, the best effort allocation of resources between heterogeneous applications leads to an unfair distribution of the application quality among the users. To provide a similar application quality for all users, we propose to implement an application-oriented resource management on a home gateway. Therefore, allocation mechanisms need to be implemented such as the prioritization of network flows. Furthermore, a component monitoring the application quality and dynamically triggering these mechanisms is required. We show the feasibility of this concept by the implementation of an application monitor for YouTube on a standard home gateway. The gateway estimates the YouTube video buffers and prioritizes the video clip before the playback buffer depletes.

• SDN-based Application-Aware Networking on the Example of YouTube Video Streaming. Jarschel, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Höhn, Thomas; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 2nd European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN 2013). Berlin, Germany, 2013.
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  Application-Aware Networking is a promising approach to provide good application quality to users in scenarios with limited network resources, like today’s access networks. With SDN, a particularly interesting method to enable flowbased traffic management in networks has become available. In this work we take a look at how a specific application, i.e., YouTube Streaming, can benefit from such an SDN-based Application-Aware Network. We implement and investigate an approach based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and one based on direct information input from the application in an OpenFlow testbed in order to show, how these different types of application information can be exploited to enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE). Furthermore, we determine the overhead caused by each of the presented approaches.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2013-477, abstract = {Application-Aware Networking is a promising approach to provide good application quality to users in scenarios with limited network resources, like today’s access networks. With SDN, a particularly interesting method to enable flowbased traffic management in networks has become available. In this work we take a look at how a specific application, i.e., YouTube Streaming, can benefit from such an SDN-based Application-Aware Network. We implement and investigate an approach based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and one based on direct information input from the application in an OpenFlow testbed in order to show, how these different types of application information can be exploited to enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE). Furthermore, we determine the overhead caused by each of the presented approaches.}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, author = {Jarschel, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Höhn, Thomas and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {2nd European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN 2013)}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = 10, title = {SDN-based Application-Aware Networking on the Example of YouTube Video Streaming}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2013-477 %A Jarschel, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Höhn, Thomas %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 2nd European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN 2013) %C Berlin, Germany %D 2013 %T SDN-based Application-Aware Networking on the Example of YouTube Video Streaming %X Application-Aware Networking is a promising approach to provide good application quality to users in scenarios with limited network resources, like today’s access networks. With SDN, a particularly interesting method to enable flowbased traffic management in networks has become available. In this work we take a look at how a specific application, i.e., YouTube Streaming, can benefit from such an SDN-based Application-Aware Network. We implement and investigate an approach based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and one based on direct information input from the application in an OpenFlow testbed in order to show, how these different types of application information can be exploited to enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE). Furthermore, we determine the overhead caused by each of the presented approaches.
• Dynamic HTTP Download Scheduling with Respect to Energy Consumption. Blenk, Andreas; Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Kellerer, Wolfgang; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC). Genoa, Italy, 2013.
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  Mobile devices, in particular smartphones, are battery powered. As their small size limits their energy capacity, an intelligent and energy-saving use of resources is crucial for the mobile user experience. Especially energy saving while sending and receiving data becomes important due to the always-on nature of smartphones. One solution for a sophisticated resource usage in wireless access networks is to tailor resource management to applications. The advantage of such mechanisms is to be able to address both the perceived quality of the users and the energy consumption of mobile devices at the same time. We propose several traffic scheduling algorithms for HTTP file download in wireless networks based on this application-aware paradigm. The core idea is to use download scheduling that avoids parallel transmissions and, in contrast, favors sequential transmission. We have implemented and measured the algorithms in a wireless mesh network. The evaluation results quantify the gain of an application-aware resource management with respect to quality of experience and energy consumption.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2013-479, abstract = {Mobile devices, in particular smartphones, are battery powered. As their small size limits their energy capacity, an intelligent and energy-saving use of resources is crucial for the mobile user experience. Especially energy saving while sending and receiving data becomes important due to the always-on nature of smartphones. One solution for a sophisticated resource usage in wireless access networks is to tailor resource management to applications. The advantage of such mechanisms is to be able to address both the perceived quality of the users and the energy consumption of mobile devices at the same time. We propose several traffic scheduling algorithms for HTTP file download in wireless networks based on this application-aware paradigm. The core idea is to use download scheduling that avoids parallel transmissions and, in contrast, favors sequential transmission. We have implemented and measured the algorithms in a wireless mesh network. The evaluation results quantify the gain of an application-aware resource management with respect to quality of experience and energy consumption.}, address = {Genoa, Italy}, author = {Blenk, Andreas and Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Kellerer, Wolfgang and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {09}, title = {Dynamic HTTP Download Scheduling with Respect to Energy Consumption}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2013-479 %A Blenk, Andreas %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Kellerer, Wolfgang %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC) %C Genoa, Italy %D 2013 %T Dynamic HTTP Download Scheduling with Respect to Energy Consumption %X Mobile devices, in particular smartphones, are battery powered. As their small size limits their energy capacity, an intelligent and energy-saving use of resources is crucial for the mobile user experience. Especially energy saving while sending and receiving data becomes important due to the always-on nature of smartphones. One solution for a sophisticated resource usage in wireless access networks is to tailor resource management to applications. The advantage of such mechanisms is to be able to address both the perceived quality of the users and the energy consumption of mobile devices at the same time. We propose several traffic scheduling algorithms for HTTP file download in wireless networks based on this application-aware paradigm. The core idea is to use download scheduling that avoids parallel transmissions and, in contrast, favors sequential transmission. We have implemented and measured the algorithms in a wireless mesh network. The evaluation results quantify the gain of an application-aware resource management with respect to quality of experience and energy consumption.
• Investigation of Different Approaches for QoE-Oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks. Wamser, Florian; Deschner, Sebastian; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering Volume 125, pp. 172–187. Cork, Irland, 2013.
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  QoE- and application-aware scheduling is a new paradigm for mobile communication networks. It aims at making better use of network resources with respect to the perceived quality of the users. To achieve this, it specifies an interaction between application and networking layers. Previous work has shown that such a resource management is possible by the weighting of applications and the definition of key quality indicators. However, quantification of the benefits and the impact on the application itself is hardly studied, since it requires precise modeling of both the data transmission in the mobile network as well as the application itself. In this paper the influence of different cross-layer scheduling heuristics on the application is examined for the air interface of LTE mobile networks. For this, not only the physical data transmission but also the application behavior is simulated in detail for Skype, YouTube, web browsing, and downloads. For each application quality indicators are defined that provide information on the current performance of the application. The investigated scheduling approaches take into account detailed application information of different levels like the application type, the current status of the application, or the ability of an application to adapt to the network situation.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2013-478, abstract = {QoE- and application-aware scheduling is a new paradigm for mobile communication networks. It aims at making better use of network resources with respect to the perceived quality of the users. To achieve this, it specifies an interaction between application and networking layers. Previous work has shown that such a resource management is possible by the weighting of applications and the definition of key quality indicators. However, quantification of the benefits and the impact on the application itself is hardly studied, since it requires precise modeling of both the data transmission in the mobile network as well as the application itself. In this paper the influence of different cross-layer scheduling heuristics on the application is examined for the air interface of LTE mobile networks. For this, not only the physical data transmission but also the application behavior is simulated in detail for Skype, YouTube, web browsing, and downloads. For each application quality indicators are defined that provide information on the current performance of the application. The investigated scheduling approaches take into account detailed application information of different levels like the application type, the current status of the application, or the ability of an application to adapt to the network situation.}, address = {Cork, Irland}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Deschner, Sebastian and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering Volume 125}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {09}, pages = {172-187}, title = {Investigation of Different Approaches for QoE-Oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2013-478 %A Wamser, Florian %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B Mobile Networks and Management, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering Volume 125 %C Cork, Irland %D 2013 %P 172-187 %T Investigation of Different Approaches for QoE-Oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks %X QoE- and application-aware scheduling is a new paradigm for mobile communication networks. It aims at making better use of network resources with respect to the perceived quality of the users. To achieve this, it specifies an interaction between application and networking layers. Previous work has shown that such a resource management is possible by the weighting of applications and the definition of key quality indicators. However, quantification of the benefits and the impact on the application itself is hardly studied, since it requires precise modeling of both the data transmission in the mobile network as well as the application itself. In this paper the influence of different cross-layer scheduling heuristics on the application is examined for the air interface of LTE mobile networks. For this, not only the physical data transmission but also the application behavior is simulated in detail for Skype, YouTube, web browsing, and downloads. For each application quality indicators are defined that provide information on the current performance of the application. The investigated scheduling approaches take into account detailed application information of different levels like the application type, the current status of the application, or the ability of an application to adapt to the network situation.
• Smart-Phone Energy Consumption Vs. 3G Signaling Load: The Influence of Application Traffic Patterns. Schwartz, Christian; Lehrieder, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Tyrrhenian International Workshop 2013 on Digital Communications: Green ICT. Genova, Italy, 2013.
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  The high signaling load in today’s UMTS networks has recently lead to severe problems and network outages of several hours, so called Signaling Storms. The reason is that cer- tain network access patterns of popular smart-phone applications trigger frequent connection re-establishments, which are signaled to the network via the radio resource control (RRC) protocol. As a consequence of the network agnostic implementation of smart- phone applications, entities of the mobile network operator may experience overload, while energy consumption at the smart- phones is mutually determined. The aim of this work is to study the impact of traffic charac- teristics on the power consumption of the smart-phone and the signaling messages in the mobile network. For that purpose, we first develop a simple model for the RRC states of a smart-phone. Second, we estimate the resulting power drain and the signalling traffic of the smart-phone. Then, we investigate the applicability of our model by comparing analytical with simulation results for real-world smart-phone traffic measurements. Finally, we evaluate the effect of network parameter optimization on traffic with different statistical characteristics. Our counter-intuitive results show that in particular bursty traffic patterns are suitable for UMTS networks while periodic patterns may cause increased power consumption and signaling overload – in contrast to classical queueing systems.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2013-481, abstract = {The high signaling load in today’s UMTS networks has recently lead to severe problems and network outages of several hours, so called Signaling Storms. The reason is that cer- tain network access patterns of popular smart-phone applications trigger frequent connection re-establishments, which are signaled to the network via the radio resource control (RRC) protocol. As a consequence of the network agnostic implementation of smart- phone applications, entities of the mobile network operator may experience overload, while energy consumption at the smart- phones is mutually determined. The aim of this work is to study the impact of traffic charac- teristics on the power consumption of the smart-phone and the signaling messages in the mobile network. For that purpose, we first develop a simple model for the RRC states of a smart-phone. Second, we estimate the resulting power drain and the signalling traffic of the smart-phone. Then, we investigate the applicability of our model by comparing analytical with simulation results for real-world smart-phone traffic measurements. Finally, we evaluate the effect of network parameter optimization on traffic with different statistical characteristics. Our counter-intuitive results show that in particular bursty traffic patterns are suitable for UMTS networks while periodic patterns may cause increased power consumption and signaling overload – in contrast to classical queueing systems.}, address = {Genova, Italy}, author = {Schwartz, Christian and Lehrieder, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {Tyrrhenian International Workshop 2013 on Digital Communications: Green ICT}, keywords = {oekonet}, month = {09}, title = {Smart-Phone Energy Consumption Vs. 3G Signaling Load: The Influence of Application Traffic Patterns}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2013-481 %A Schwartz, Christian %A Lehrieder, Frank %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B Tyrrhenian International Workshop 2013 on Digital Communications: Green ICT %C Genova, Italy %D 2013 %T Smart-Phone Energy Consumption Vs. 3G Signaling Load: The Influence of Application Traffic Patterns %X The high signaling load in today’s UMTS networks has recently lead to severe problems and network outages of several hours, so called Signaling Storms. The reason is that cer- tain network access patterns of popular smart-phone applications trigger frequent connection re-establishments, which are signaled to the network via the radio resource control (RRC) protocol. As a consequence of the network agnostic implementation of smart- phone applications, entities of the mobile network operator may experience overload, while energy consumption at the smart- phones is mutually determined. The aim of this work is to study the impact of traffic charac- teristics on the power consumption of the smart-phone and the signaling messages in the mobile network. For that purpose, we first develop a simple model for the RRC states of a smart-phone. Second, we estimate the resulting power drain and the signalling traffic of the smart-phone. Then, we investigate the applicability of our model by comparing analytical with simulation results for real-world smart-phone traffic measurements. Finally, we evaluate the effect of network parameter optimization on traffic with different statistical characteristics. Our counter-intuitive results show that in particular bursty traffic patterns are suitable for UMTS networks while periodic patterns may cause increased power consumption and signaling overload – in contrast to classical queueing systems.

• Utilizing Buffered YouTube Playtime for QoE-oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks. Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Dirk; Prokopec, Jan; Mäder, Andreas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). Kraków, Poland, 2012.
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  With the introduction of 4th generation mobile networks, applications such as high-quality video streaming to the end user becomes possible. However, the expected demand for such services outpaces the capacity increase of the networks. Since there is mostly a capacity bottleneck in the air interface between a base station and user equipment, one of the main challenges for radio resource management is therefore to enforce precise quality guarantees for users with high expectations on service quality. We consider, in this paper, an OFDMA access network with YouTube users, and address the challenge of improving the quality of experience (QoE) of a dedicated user by utilizing the buffered playtime of a YouTube video for scheduling. The advantage of this approach is that scheduling is done according to the instantaneous throughput requirement of the end user application, and not by the network by maintaining average quality-of-service (QoS) parameters. The paper describes the concept and provides a simulative evaluation of the approach in an LTE network to demonstrate the benefits.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2012-449, abstract = {With the introduction of 4th generation mobile networks, applications such as high-quality video streaming to the end user becomes possible. However, the expected demand for such services outpaces the capacity increase of the networks. Since there is mostly a capacity bottleneck in the air interface between a base station and user equipment, one of the main challenges for radio resource management is therefore to enforce precise quality guarantees for users with high expectations on service quality. We consider, in this paper, an OFDMA access network with YouTube users, and address the challenge of improving the quality of experience (QoE) of a dedicated user by utilizing the buffered playtime of a YouTube video for scheduling. The advantage of this approach is that scheduling is done according to the instantaneous throughput requirement of the end user application, and not by the network by maintaining average quality-of-service (QoS) parameters. The paper describes the concept and provides a simulative evaluation of the approach in an LTE network to demonstrate the benefits.}, address = {Kraków, Poland}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Dirk and Prokopec, Jan and Mäder, Andreas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {International Teletraffic Congress (ITC)}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {09}, title = {Utilizing Buffered YouTube Playtime for QoE-oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2012-449 %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Dirk %A Prokopec, Jan %A Mäder, Andreas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B International Teletraffic Congress (ITC) %C Kraków, Poland %D 2012 %T Utilizing Buffered YouTube Playtime for QoE-oriented Scheduling in OFDMA Networks %X With the introduction of 4th generation mobile networks, applications such as high-quality video streaming to the end user becomes possible. However, the expected demand for such services outpaces the capacity increase of the networks. Since there is mostly a capacity bottleneck in the air interface between a base station and user equipment, one of the main challenges for radio resource management is therefore to enforce precise quality guarantees for users with high expectations on service quality. We consider, in this paper, an OFDMA access network with YouTube users, and address the challenge of improving the quality of experience (QoE) of a dedicated user by utilizing the buffered playtime of a YouTube video for scheduling. The advantage of this approach is that scheduling is done according to the instantaneous throughput requirement of the end user application, and not by the network by maintaining average quality-of-service (QoS) parameters. The paper describes the concept and provides a simulative evaluation of the approach in an LTE network to demonstrate the benefits.
• Evaluating the Trade-Off Between Energy-Efficiency and QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks. Hock, David; Bernardo, Vitor; Zinner, Thomas; Wamser, Florian; Hummel, Karin A.; Curado, Marilia; Pries, Rastin; Braun, Torsten; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 4th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 12). Hué, Vietnam, 2012.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2012-447, address = {Hué, Vietnam}, author = {Hock, David and Bernardo, Vitor and Zinner, Thomas and Wamser, Florian and Hummel, Karin A. and Curado, Marilia and Pries, Rastin and Braun, Torsten and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {4th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 12)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {08}, title = {Evaluating the Trade-Off Between Energy-Efficiency and QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2012-447 %A Hock, David %A Bernardo, Vitor %A Zinner, Thomas %A Wamser, Florian %A Hummel, Karin A. %A Curado, Marilia %A Pries, Rastin %A Braun, Torsten %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 4th International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 12) %C Hué, Vietnam %D 2012 %T Evaluating the Trade-Off Between Energy-Efficiency and QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks
• Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy. Wamser, Florian; Hock, David; Seufert, Michael; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In 12th Würzburg Workshop on IP: ITG Workshop ’Visions of Future Generation Networks’ (Euroview). Würzburg, Germany, 2012.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2012-454, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Hock, David and Seufert, Michael and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {12th Würzburg Workshop on IP: ITG Workshop 'Visions of Future Generation Networks' (Euroview)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {07}, title = {Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2012-454 %A Wamser, Florian %A Hock, David %A Seufert, Michael %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 12th Würzburg Workshop on IP: ITG Workshop 'Visions of Future Generation Networks' (Euroview) %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2012 %T Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy

• Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT. Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Deschner, Sebastian; Blenk, Andreas; Staehle, Dirk; Hahm, Oliver; Schmittberger, Nicolai; Günes, Mesut. In Euroview 2011. Würzburg, Germany, 2011.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2011-425, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Deschner, Sebastian and Blenk, Andreas and Staehle, Dirk and Hahm, Oliver and Schmittberger, Nicolai and Günes, Mesut}, booktitle = {Euroview 2011}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {08}, title = {Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT}, year = 2011 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2011-425 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Blenk, Andreas %A Staehle, Dirk %A Hahm, Oliver %A Schmittberger, Nicolai %A Günes, Mesut %B Euroview 2011 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2011 %T Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT
• Aquarema in Action: Improving the YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks. Staehle, Barbara; Hirth, Matthias; Pries, Rastin; Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Dirk. In Baltic Congress on Future Internet Communications (BCFIC). Riga, Latvia, 2011.
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  Internet access networks in general and wireless mesh access networks in particular, are the bottleneck of today’s communication networks and consequently most strongly responsible for determining the user satisfaction. The limited bandwidth and the fact that access network are most often used as mere bit pipes are however unfavorable for the users’ quality of experience (QoE). The lack of application-specific service guarantees is especially inadequate in the face of an increasing degree of heterogeneity of Internet applications and their individual service requirements. Application and quality of experience resource management, Aquarema for short, addresses this challenge by enabling application specific network resource management and thereby improves the user QoE. This is achieved by the interaction of application comfort (AC) monitoring tools, running at the clients, and a network advisor which may trigger different resource management tools. AC quantifies how well an application is running and in particular, enables a prediction of the user experience, thereby allowing the network advisor to act upon an imminent QoE degradation. We demonstrate the appeal of Aquarema at the example of YouTube video streaming in a congested IEEE 802.11 based mesh testbed where AC-aware traffic shaping guarantees the successful video playback.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2011-403, abstract = {Internet access networks in general and wireless mesh access networks in particular, are the bottleneck of today’s communication networks and consequently most strongly responsible for determining the user satisfaction. The limited bandwidth and the fact that access network are most often used as mere bit pipes are however unfavorable for the users’ quality of experience (QoE). The lack of application-specific service guarantees is especially inadequate in the face of an increasing degree of heterogeneity of Internet applications and their individual service requirements. Application and quality of experience resource management, Aquarema for short, addresses this challenge by enabling application specific network resource management and thereby improves the user QoE. This is achieved by the interaction of application comfort (AC) monitoring tools, running at the clients, and a network advisor which may trigger different resource management tools. AC quantifies how well an application is running and in particular, enables a prediction of the user experience, thereby allowing the network advisor to act upon an imminent QoE degradation. We demonstrate the appeal of Aquarema at the example of YouTube video streaming in a congested IEEE 802.11 based mesh testbed where AC-aware traffic shaping guarantees the successful video playback.}, address = {Riga, Latvia}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Hirth, Matthias and Pries, Rastin and Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {Baltic Congress on Future Internet Communications (BCFIC)}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {02}, title = {Aquarema in Action: Improving the YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2011 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2011-403 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Hirth, Matthias %A Pries, Rastin %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Dirk %B Baltic Congress on Future Internet Communications (BCFIC) %C Riga, Latvia %D 2011 %T Aquarema in Action: Improving the YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks %X Internet access networks in general and wireless mesh access networks in particular, are the bottleneck of today’s communication networks and consequently most strongly responsible for determining the user satisfaction. The limited bandwidth and the fact that access network are most often used as mere bit pipes are however unfavorable for the users’ quality of experience (QoE). The lack of application-specific service guarantees is especially inadequate in the face of an increasing degree of heterogeneity of Internet applications and their individual service requirements. Application and quality of experience resource management, Aquarema for short, addresses this challenge by enabling application specific network resource management and thereby improves the user QoE. This is achieved by the interaction of application comfort (AC) monitoring tools, running at the clients, and a network advisor which may trigger different resource management tools. AC quantifies how well an application is running and in particular, enables a prediction of the user experience, thereby allowing the network advisor to act upon an imminent QoE degradation. We demonstrate the appeal of Aquarema at the example of YouTube video streaming in a congested IEEE 802.11 based mesh testbed where AC-aware traffic shaping guarantees the successful video playback.

• Advanced Interference Mitigation with Frequency Reuse Schemes in the IEEE 802.16m Uplink. Wamser, Florian; Mittelstädt, David; Staehle, Dirk; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In ACM MSWIM 2010, pp. 132–139. Bodrum, Turkey, 2010.
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  Fractional frequency reuse is one of the key interference mitigation schemes of the IEEE 802.16m draft standard. This paper proposes a resource allocation strategy for the uplink fractional frequency reuse in the variant soft frequency reuse. Soft frequency reuse means that the resources of every sector are separated into a home partition and two side partitions. While resources of the home partition may be allocated to all users, resources of the side partitions are available for cell center users only. The main contribution of this paper is to use the most robust and power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions as long as resources are available. A simulation study shows that with non-saturated users the system capacity can be increased when preferring power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-394, abstract = {Fractional frequency reuse is one of the key interference mitigation schemes of the IEEE 802.16m draft standard. This paper proposes a resource allocation strategy for the uplink fractional frequency reuse in the variant soft frequency reuse. Soft frequency reuse means that the resources of every sector are separated into a home partition and two side partitions. While resources of the home partition may be allocated to all users, resources of the side partitions are available for cell center users only. The main contribution of this paper is to use the most robust and power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions as long as resources are available. A simulation study shows that with non-saturated users the system capacity can be increased when preferring power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions.}, address = {Bodrum, Turkey}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Mittelstädt, David and Staehle, Dirk and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {ACM MSWIM 2010}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = 10, pages = {132-139}, title = {Advanced Interference Mitigation with Frequency Reuse Schemes in the IEEE 802.16m Uplink}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-394 %A Wamser, Florian %A Mittelstädt, David %A Staehle, Dirk %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B ACM MSWIM 2010 %C Bodrum, Turkey %D 2010 %P 132-139 %T Advanced Interference Mitigation with Frequency Reuse Schemes in the IEEE 802.16m Uplink %X Fractional frequency reuse is one of the key interference mitigation schemes of the IEEE 802.16m draft standard. This paper proposes a resource allocation strategy for the uplink fractional frequency reuse in the variant soft frequency reuse. Soft frequency reuse means that the resources of every sector are separated into a home partition and two side partitions. While resources of the home partition may be allocated to all users, resources of the side partitions are available for cell center users only. The main contribution of this paper is to use the most robust and power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions as long as resources are available. A simulation study shows that with non-saturated users the system capacity can be increased when preferring power-efficient modulation and coding schemes on the side partitions.
• YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks. Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Barbara; Pries, Rastin; Stezenbach, David; Deschner, Sebastian; Staehle, Dirk. In EuroView2010. Würzburg, Germany, 2010.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-406, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Barbara and Pries, Rastin and Stezenbach, David and Deschner, Sebastian and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {EuroView2010}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {08}, title = {YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-406 %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Barbara %A Pries, Rastin %A Stezenbach, David %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Staehle, Dirk %B EuroView2010 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2010 %T YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks
• Application- and Context-Aware Radio Resource Management for Future Wireless Networks. Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Pries, Rastin; Staehle, Dirk; Mannweiler, Christian; Klein, Andreas; Schneider, Jörg; Schotten, Hans D. In EuroView2010, pp. 143–144. Würzburg, Germany, 2010.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-393, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Pries, Rastin and Staehle, Dirk and Mannweiler, Christian and Klein, Andreas and Schneider, Jörg and Schotten, Hans D.}, booktitle = {EuroView2010}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {08}, pages = {143-144}, title = {Application- and Context-Aware Radio Resource Management for Future Wireless Networks}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-393 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Pries, Rastin %A Staehle, Dirk %A Mannweiler, Christian %A Klein, Andreas %A Schneider, Jörg %A Schotten, Hans D. %B EuroView2010 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2010 %P 143-144 %T Application- and Context-Aware Radio Resource Management for Future Wireless Networks
• YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool. Staehle, Barbara; Hirth, Matthias; Pries, Rastin; Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Dirk. In New Dimensions in the Assessment and Support of Quality of Experience for Multimedia Applications. Tampere, Finland, 2010.
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  Out of the large number of multimedia content sharing platforms YouTube is the most popular one. This is reflected by the large number of studies which focus on analyzing YouTube characteristics. Techniques for quantifying the instantaneous YouTube QoE and predicting an imminent QoE degradation have in contrast never been proposed. The latter task is even more important if network management actions shall be carried out to avoid a YouTube QoE degradation. In this work we describe YoMo, a tool which constantly monitors the YouTube application comfort. This measure quantifies the application operation condition and allows a QoE prediction. Experiments show that YoMo is able to exactly anticipate an upcoming YouTube QoE degradation.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-376, abstract = {Out of the large number of multimedia content sharing platforms YouTube is the most popular one. This is reflected by the large number of studies which focus on analyzing YouTube characteristics. Techniques for quantifying the instantaneous YouTube QoE and predicting an imminent QoE degradation have in contrast never been proposed. The latter task is even more important if network management actions shall be carried out to avoid a YouTube QoE degradation. In this work we describe YoMo, a tool which constantly monitors the YouTube application comfort. This measure quantifies the application operation condition and allows a QoE prediction. Experiments show that YoMo is able to exactly anticipate an upcoming YouTube QoE degradation.}, address = {Tampere, Finland}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Hirth, Matthias and Pries, Rastin and Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {New Dimensions in the Assessment and Support of Quality of Experience for Multimedia Applications}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {06}, title = {YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-376 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Hirth, Matthias %A Pries, Rastin %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Dirk %B New Dimensions in the Assessment and Support of Quality of Experience for Multimedia Applications %C Tampere, Finland %D 2010 %T YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool %X Out of the large number of multimedia content sharing platforms YouTube is the most popular one. This is reflected by the large number of studies which focus on analyzing YouTube characteristics. Techniques for quantifying the instantaneous YouTube QoE and predicting an imminent QoE degradation have in contrast never been proposed. The latter task is even more important if network management actions shall be carried out to avoid a YouTube QoE degradation. In this work we describe YoMo, a tool which constantly monitors the YouTube application comfort. This measure quantifies the application operation condition and allows a QoE prediction. Experiments show that YoMo is able to exactly anticipate an upcoming YouTube QoE degradation.
• QoE Prediction for Radio Resource Management. Hirth, Matthias; Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Pries, Rastin; Staehle, Dirk. In The 6th International ICST Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks & Communities (TridentCom 2010). Berlin, Germany, 2010.
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  In this paper, we introduce a monitoring tool which measures application-specific parameters. These parameters are used to predict the QoE and to perform resource management based on QoE thresholds. We demonstrate the tool for YouTube traffic in an IEEE 802.11 mesh network. Thereby, the QoE is based on the player video buffer size and the resource management can include rerouting, throttling of best effort traffic, or a gateway handover.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-384, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a monitoring tool which measures application-specific parameters. These parameters are used to predict the QoE and to perform resource management based on QoE thresholds. We demonstrate the tool for YouTube traffic in an IEEE 802.11 mesh network. Thereby, the QoE is based on the player video buffer size and the resource management can include rerouting, throttling of best effort traffic, or a gateway handover.}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, author = {Hirth, Matthias and Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Pries, Rastin and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {The 6th International ICST Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks & Communities (TridentCom 2010)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {05}, title = {QoE Prediction for Radio Resource Management}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-384 %A Hirth, Matthias %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Pries, Rastin %A Staehle, Dirk %B The 6th International ICST Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks & Communities (TridentCom 2010) %C Berlin, Germany %D 2010 %T QoE Prediction for Radio Resource Management %X In this paper, we introduce a monitoring tool which measures application-specific parameters. These parameters are used to predict the QoE and to perform resource management based on QoE thresholds. We demonstrate the tool for YouTube traffic in an IEEE 802.11 mesh network. Thereby, the QoE is based on the player video buffer size and the resource management can include rerouting, throttling of best effort traffic, or a gateway handover.
• Soft Frequency Reuse in the Uplink of an OFDMA Network. Wamser, Florian; Mittelstädt, David; Staehle, Dirk. In IEEE VTC Spring 10. Taipei, Taiwan, 2010.
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  The challenges with deploying a static frequency reuse OFDMA mobile communication network in an interference limited environment is that for highly loaded cells, significant regions of coverage will experience high interference levels, resulting in unserviceable low signal-to-interference values. Therefore, interference mitigation approaches as adaptive fractional frequency reuse are considered to tackle the problem. In this paper, different strategies for user and resource allocation are evaluated along with fractional frequency reuse schemes. In contrast to downlink scenarios, we investigate the performance of the OFDMA uplink. It is shown that soft frequency reuse is well-performing in the uplink although it is easy to deploy since it does not rely on resource coordination.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2010-370, abstract = {The challenges with deploying a static frequency reuse OFDMA mobile communication network in an interference limited environment is that for highly loaded cells, significant regions of coverage will experience high interference levels, resulting in unserviceable low signal-to-interference values. Therefore, interference mitigation approaches as adaptive fractional frequency reuse are considered to tackle the problem. In this paper, different strategies for user and resource allocation are evaluated along with fractional frequency reuse schemes. In contrast to downlink scenarios, we investigate the performance of the OFDMA uplink. It is shown that soft frequency reuse is well-performing in the uplink although it is easy to deploy since it does not rely on resource coordination.}, address = {Taipei, Taiwan}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Mittelstädt, David and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {IEEE VTC Spring 10}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {05}, title = {Soft Frequency Reuse in the Uplink of an OFDMA Network}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2010-370 %A Wamser, Florian %A Mittelstädt, David %A Staehle, Dirk %B IEEE VTC Spring 10 %C Taipei, Taiwan %D 2010 %T Soft Frequency Reuse in the Uplink of an OFDMA Network %X The challenges with deploying a static frequency reuse OFDMA mobile communication network in an interference limited environment is that for highly loaded cells, significant regions of coverage will experience high interference levels, resulting in unserviceable low signal-to-interference values. Therefore, interference mitigation approaches as adaptive fractional frequency reuse are considered to tackle the problem. In this paper, different strategies for user and resource allocation are evaluated along with fractional frequency reuse schemes. In contrast to downlink scenarios, we investigate the performance of the OFDMA uplink. It is shown that soft frequency reuse is well-performing in the uplink although it is easy to deploy since it does not rely on resource coordination.

• On Traffic Characteristics of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access. Pries, Rastin; Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Dirk; Heck, Klaus; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Next Generation Internet Networks 2009 (NGI 2009). Aveiro, Portugal, 2009.
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  Internet traffic measurements and traffic characterization are essential for managing and optimizing network infrastructures. The increasing number of wireless Internet users and the changing application demands require consecutive traffic measurements. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect the current traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements like application distributions as well as changing traffic characteristics caused by user demands and new services. The results are used by a network service provider to optimize its network performance in order to give Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for home users in its fixed wireless network.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2009-350, abstract = {Internet traffic measurements and traffic characterization are essential for managing and optimizing network infrastructures. The increasing number of wireless Internet users and the changing application demands require consecutive traffic measurements. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect the current traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements like application distributions as well as changing traffic characteristics caused by user demands and new services. The results are used by a network service provider to optimize its network performance in order to give Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for home users in its fixed wireless network.}, address = {Aveiro, Portugal}, author = {Pries, Rastin and Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Dirk and Heck, Klaus and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {Next Generation Internet Networks 2009 (NGI 2009)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {07}, title = {On Traffic Characteristics of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access}, year = 2009 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2009-350 %A Pries, Rastin %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Dirk %A Heck, Klaus %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B Next Generation Internet Networks 2009 (NGI 2009) %C Aveiro, Portugal %D 2009 %T On Traffic Characteristics of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access %X Internet traffic measurements and traffic characterization are essential for managing and optimizing network infrastructures. The increasing number of wireless Internet users and the changing application demands require consecutive traffic measurements. Therefore, we have performed measurements of home users at a broadband wireless access service provider in order to reflect the current traffic characteristics. In this paper, we present the results of these measurements like application distributions as well as changing traffic characteristics caused by user demands and new services. The results are used by a network service provider to optimize its network performance in order to give Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for home users in its fixed wireless network.
• Traffic Measurement and Analysis of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access. Pries, Rastin; Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Dirk; Heck, Klaus; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In IEEE VTC Spring 09. Barcelona, Spain, 2009.
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  The increasing broadband wireless Internet usage and the limited wireless resources require a careful network management and optimization of the wireless Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Unfortunately, those providers often just have statistics about the overall usage and limited knowledge about the detailed application distribution as well as the traffic characteristics. In this paper we present user and traffic characteristics measured at a broadband wireless Internet access. The results show that the applications change quickly but the general characteristics like packet size and TCP/UDP percentage have not changed during the last years.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2009-336, abstract = {The increasing broadband wireless Internet usage and the limited wireless resources require a careful network management and optimization of the wireless Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Unfortunately, those providers often just have statistics about the overall usage and limited knowledge about the detailed application distribution as well as the traffic characteristics. In this paper we present user and traffic characteristics measured at a broadband wireless Internet access. The results show that the applications change quickly but the general characteristics like packet size and TCP/UDP percentage have not changed during the last years.}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, author = {Pries, Rastin and Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Dirk and Heck, Klaus and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {IEEE VTC Spring 09}, keywords = {sys:hidden:inproceedings}, month = {04}, title = {Traffic Measurement and Analysis of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access}, year = 2009 }

  %0 Conference Paper %1 info3-inproceedings-2009-336 %A Pries, Rastin %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Dirk %A Heck, Klaus %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B IEEE VTC Spring 09 %C Barcelona, Spain %D 2009 %T Traffic Measurement and Analysis of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access %X The increasing broadband wireless Internet usage and the limited wireless resources require a careful network management and optimization of the wireless Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Unfortunately, those providers often just have statistics about the overall usage and limited knowledge about the detailed application distribution as well as the traffic characteristics. In this paper we present user and traffic characteristics measured at a broadband wireless Internet access. The results show that the applications change quickly but the general characteristics like packet size and TCP/UDP percentage have not changed during the last years.

• White Paper on Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements – Definitions, Use Cases and Challenges. Technical Report (10.25972/OPUS-20232), . Hoßfeld, Tobias; Wunderer, Stefan; Beyer, André; Hall, Andrew; Schwind, Anika; Gassner, Christian; Guillemin, Fabrice; Wamser, Florian; Wascinski, Krzysztof; Hirth, Matthias; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Robitza, Werner; Wascinski, Wojciech; Ben Houidi, Zied. Würzburg, 2020.
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  The goal of the white paper at hand is as follows. The definitions of the terms build a framework for discussions around the hype topic ‘crowdsourcing’. This serves as a basis for differentiation and a consistent view from different perspectives on crowdsourced network measurements, with the goal to provide a commonly accepted definition in the community. The focus is on the context of mobile and fixed network operators, but also on measurements of different layers (network, application, user layer). In addition, the white paper shows the value of crowdsourcing for selected use cases, e.g., to improve QoE or regulatory issues. Finally, the major challenges and issues for researchers and practitioners are highlighted. This white paper is the outcome of the Würzburg seminar on “Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements” which took place from 25-26 September 2019 in Würzburg, Germany. International experts were invited from industry and academia. They are well known in their communities, having different backgrounds in crowdsourcing, mobile networks, network measurements, network performance, Quality of Service (QoS), and Quality of Experience (QoE). The discussions in the seminar focused on how crowdsourcing will support vendors, operators, and regulators to determine the Quality of Experience in new 5G networks that enable various new applications and network architectures. As a result of the discussions, the need for a white paper manifested, with the goal of providing a scientific discussion of the terms “crowdsourced network measurements” and “crowdsourced QoE measurements”, describing relevant use cases for such crowdsourced data, and its underlying challenges. During the seminar, those main topics were identified, intensively discussed in break-out groups, and brought back into the plenum several times. The outcome of the seminar is this white paper at hand which is – to our knowledge – the first one covering the topic of crowdsourced network and QoE measurements.

  @techreport{info3-misc-2020-1, abstract = {The goal of the white paper at hand is as follows. The definitions of the terms build a framework for discussions around the hype topic ‘crowdsourcing’. This serves as a basis for differentiation and a consistent view from different perspectives on crowdsourced network measurements, with the goal to provide a commonly accepted definition in the community. The focus is on the context of mobile and fixed network operators, but also on measurements of different layers (network, application, user layer). In addition, the white paper shows the value of crowdsourcing for selected use cases, e.g., to improve QoE or regulatory issues. Finally, the major challenges and issues for researchers and practitioners are highlighted. This white paper is the outcome of the Würzburg seminar on “Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements” which took place from 25-26 September 2019 in Würzburg, Germany. International experts were invited from industry and academia. They are well known in their communities, having different backgrounds in crowdsourcing, mobile networks, network measurements, network performance, Quality of Service (QoS), and Quality of Experience (QoE). The discussions in the seminar focused on how crowdsourcing will support vendors, operators, and regulators to determine the Quality of Experience in new 5G networks that enable various new applications and network architectures. As a result of the discussions, the need for a white paper manifested, with the goal of providing a scientific discussion of the terms “crowdsourced network measurements” and “crowdsourced QoE measurements”, describing relevant use cases for such crowdsourced data, and its underlying challenges. During the seminar, those main topics were identified, intensively discussed in break-out groups, and brought back into the plenum several times. The outcome of the seminar is this white paper at hand which is – to our knowledge – the first one covering the topic of crowdsourced network and QoE measurements.}, author = {Hoßfeld, Tobias and Wunderer, Stefan and Beyer, André and Hall, Andrew and Schwind, Anika and Gassner, Christian and Guillemin, Fabrice and Wamser, Florian and Wascinski, Krzysztof and Hirth, Matthias and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Robitza, Werner and Wascinski, Wojciech and Ben Houidi, Zied}, institution = {Würzburg}, keywords = {ua-net}, month = {03}, number = {10.25972/OPUS-20232}, title = {White Paper on Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements – Definitions, Use Cases and Challenges}, year = 2020 }

  %0 Report %1 info3-misc-2020-1 %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %A Wunderer, Stefan %A Beyer, André %A Hall, Andrew %A Schwind, Anika %A Gassner, Christian %A Guillemin, Fabrice %A Wamser, Florian %A Wascinski, Krzysztof %A Hirth, Matthias %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Robitza, Werner %A Wascinski, Wojciech %A Ben Houidi, Zied %D 2020 %N 10.25972/OPUS-20232 %T White Paper on Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements – Definitions, Use Cases and Challenges %X The goal of the white paper at hand is as follows. The definitions of the terms build a framework for discussions around the hype topic ‘crowdsourcing’. This serves as a basis for differentiation and a consistent view from different perspectives on crowdsourced network measurements, with the goal to provide a commonly accepted definition in the community. The focus is on the context of mobile and fixed network operators, but also on measurements of different layers (network, application, user layer). In addition, the white paper shows the value of crowdsourcing for selected use cases, e.g., to improve QoE or regulatory issues. Finally, the major challenges and issues for researchers and practitioners are highlighted. This white paper is the outcome of the Würzburg seminar on “Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements” which took place from 25-26 September 2019 in Würzburg, Germany. International experts were invited from industry and academia. They are well known in their communities, having different backgrounds in crowdsourcing, mobile networks, network measurements, network performance, Quality of Service (QoS), and Quality of Experience (QoE). The discussions in the seminar focused on how crowdsourcing will support vendors, operators, and regulators to determine the Quality of Experience in new 5G networks that enable various new applications and network architectures. As a result of the discussions, the need for a white paper manifested, with the goal of providing a scientific discussion of the terms “crowdsourced network measurements” and “crowdsourced QoE measurements”, describing relevant use cases for such crowdsourced data, and its underlying challenges. During the seminar, those main topics were identified, intensively discussed in break-out groups, and brought back into the plenum several times. The outcome of the seminar is this white paper at hand which is – to our knowledge – the first one covering the topic of crowdsourced network and QoE measurements.

• Second Interim Report for the DFG Project FunkOFDMA. Technical Report (489), . Wamser, Florian; Klein, Dominik; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. University of Wuerzburg, 2014.
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  @techreport{info3-techreport-2014-263, author = {Wamser, Florian and Klein, Dominik and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, institution = {University of Wuerzburg}, keywords = {sys:hidden:techreport}, month = {03}, number = 489, title = {Second Interim Report for the DFG Project FunkOFDMA}, year = 2014 }

  %0 Report %1 info3-techreport-2014-263 %A Wamser, Florian %A Klein, Dominik %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %D 2014 %N 489 %T Second Interim Report for the DFG Project FunkOFDMA

• YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool. Technical Report (467), . Staehle, Barbara; Hirth, Matthias; Wamser, Florian; Pries, Rastin; Staehle, Dirk. University of Wuerzburg, 2010.
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  @techreport{info3-techreport-2010-247, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Hirth, Matthias and Wamser, Florian and Pries, Rastin and Staehle, Dirk}, institution = {University of Wuerzburg}, keywords = {sys:hidden:techreport}, month = {03}, number = 467, title = {YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Report %1 info3-techreport-2010-247 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Hirth, Matthias %A Wamser, Florian %A Pries, Rastin %A Staehle, Dirk %D 2010 %N 467 %T YoMo: A YouTube Application Comfort Monitoring Tool

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• YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: A Web-Based Data Interface for Researchers, Best Demo Award TMA 2018. Wamser, Florian; Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. 2018, June.
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  @misc{info3-inproceedings-2018-52, author = {Wamser, Florian and Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {018 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {06}, title = {YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: A Web-Based Data Interface for Researchers, Best Demo Award TMA 2018}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-inproceedings-2018-52 %A Wamser, Florian %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 018 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA) %D 2018 %T YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: A Web-Based Data Interface for Researchers, Best Demo Award TMA 2018
• A Wrapper for Automated Measurements with YouTube’s Native App. Loh, Frank; Karagkioules, Theodoros; Seufert, Michael; Zeidler, Bernd; Tsilimantos, Dimitrios; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Valentin, Stefan; Wamser, Florian. Taipei, Taiwan, 2018, April.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ Download ]
  This demo introduces a wrapper used for automated measurements of mobile video streaming in the Android YouTube app. The difference to traditional measurement techniques is that the measurement is done with the native YouTube app as it is provided in the Google Play Store. In addition to bandwidth or packet loss detection, the QoE of the video stream can be measured and quantified. For this, the amount of quality changes, the current playtime, the buffer level, and statistics like video and audio format are captured. Thus, detailed relationships between network parameters and streaming behavior based on many factors can be detected within the native app available in the Play Store.

  @misc{info3-demo-2018-1, abstract = {This demo introduces a wrapper used for automated measurements of mobile video streaming in the Android YouTube app. The difference to traditional measurement techniques is that the measurement is done with the native YouTube app as it is provided in the Google Play Store. In addition to bandwidth or packet loss detection, the QoE of the video stream can be measured and quantified. For this, the amount of quality changes, the current playtime, the buffer level, and statistics like video and audio format are captured. Thus, detailed relationships between network parameters and streaming behavior based on many factors can be detected within the native app available in the Play Store.}, address = {Taipei, Taiwan}, author = {Loh, Frank and Karagkioules, Theodoros and Seufert, Michael and Zeidler, Bernd and Tsilimantos, Dimitrios and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Valentin, Stefan and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP NOMS 2018}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {A Wrapper for Automated Measurements with YouTube’s Native App}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-demo-2018-1 %A Loh, Frank %A Karagkioules, Theodoros %A Seufert, Michael %A Zeidler, Bernd %A Tsilimantos, Dimitrios %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Valentin, Stefan %A Wamser, Florian %B IEEE/IFIP NOMS 2018 %C Taipei, Taiwan %D 2018 %T A Wrapper for Automated Measurements with YouTube’s Native App %X This demo introduces a wrapper used for automated measurements of mobile video streaming in the Android YouTube app. The difference to traditional measurement techniques is that the measurement is done with the native YouTube app as it is provided in the Google Play Store. In addition to bandwidth or packet loss detection, the QoE of the video stream can be measured and quantified. For this, the amount of quality changes, the current playtime, the buffer level, and statistics like video and audio format are captured. Thus, detailed relationships between network parameters and streaming behavior based on many factors can be detected within the native app available in the Play Store.

• Dynamic Cloud Service Placement for Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone. Wamser, Florian; Loh, Frank; Bruschi, Roberto; Lago, Paolo; Seufert, Michael; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Best Demo Award, Lisbon, Portugal, 2017, May.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  • [ Download ]
  The continuous growth of Internet content, applications and services has led to ever more demanding requirements in the networks. To meet this, there have been significant developments in the migration of applications and services towards the cloud. The cloud not only provides applications, but also offers dynamic adaptability, scalability, and optimization with respect to the location of the application by migrating storage and application containers. In particular, cloud services can typically be placed and orchestrated at a variety of locations in the cloud. This demonstration shows a dynamic placement of a cloud service with video streaming and real-time control commands for a remote-controlled drone. We control a drone with the help of a cloud service which, in addition to the control commands, also returns a camera image to the operator. The requirements of this cloud application are groundbreaking. The camera requires high data rates from the drone to the cloud and from the cloud to the operator, so that the image can be transmitted in acceptable quality. For the control of the drone, a short delay must also be given in the direction of the drone so that the control can be carried out in real time.

  @misc{info3-demo-2017-1, abstract = {The continuous growth of Internet content, applications and services has led to ever more demanding requirements in the networks. To meet this, there have been significant developments in the migration of applications and services towards the cloud. The cloud not only provides applications, but also offers dynamic adaptability, scalability, and optimization with respect to the location of the application by migrating storage and application containers. In particular, cloud services can typically be placed and orchestrated at a variety of locations in the cloud. This demonstration shows a dynamic placement of a cloud service with video streaming and real-time control commands for a remote-controlled drone. We control a drone with the help of a cloud service which, in addition to the control commands, also returns a camera image to the operator. The requirements of this cloud application are groundbreaking. The camera requires high data rates from the drone to the cloud and from the cloud to the operator, so that the image can be transmitted in acceptable quality. For the control of the drone, a short delay must also be given in the direction of the drone so that the control can be carried out in real time.}, address = {Best Demo Award, Lisbon, Portugal}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Loh, Frank and Bruschi, Roberto and Lago, Paolo and Seufert, Michael and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {15th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Dynamic Cloud Service Placement for Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-demo-2017-1 %A Wamser, Florian %A Loh, Frank %A Bruschi, Roberto %A Lago, Paolo %A Seufert, Michael %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 15th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM) %C Best Demo Award, Lisbon, Portugal %D 2017 %T Dynamic Cloud Service Placement for Live Video Streaming with a Remote-Controlled Drone %X The continuous growth of Internet content, applications and services has led to ever more demanding requirements in the networks. To meet this, there have been significant developments in the migration of applications and services towards the cloud. The cloud not only provides applications, but also offers dynamic adaptability, scalability, and optimization with respect to the location of the application by migrating storage and application containers. In particular, cloud services can typically be placed and orchestrated at a variety of locations in the cloud. This demonstration shows a dynamic placement of a cloud service with video streaming and real-time control commands for a remote-controlled drone. We control a drone with the help of a cloud service which, in addition to the control commands, also returns a camera image to the operator. The requirements of this cloud application are groundbreaking. The camera requires high data rates from the drone to the cloud and from the cloud to the operator, so that the image can be transmitted in acceptable quality. For the control of the drone, a short delay must also be given in the direction of the drone so that the control can be carried out in real time.

• On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices. Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro; Irmer, Ralf; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. Paris, France, 2015, September.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{info3-software-2015-24, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro and Irmer, Ralf and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {Students Workshop (S3)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2015-24 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %A Irmer, Ralf %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B Students Workshop (S3) %C Paris, France %D 2015 %T On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices
• YoMoApp - Performance Monitoring of Mobile Networks. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Irmer, Ralf; Casas, Pedro; Schatz, Raimund. Paris, France, 2015, June.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{info3-software-2015-23, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Irmer, Ralf and Casas, Pedro and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {European Conference on Networks and Communications}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {YoMoApp - Performance Monitoring of Mobile Networks}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2015-23 %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Irmer, Ralf %A Casas, Pedro %A Schatz, Raimund %B European Conference on Networks and Communications %C Paris, France %D 2015 %T YoMoApp - Performance Monitoring of Mobile Networks

• Demonstrating the Prospects of Dynamic Application-Aware Networking in a Home Environment. Wamser, Florian; Zinner, Thomas; Iffländer, Lukas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Chicago, IL, USA, 2014, August.
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  @misc{info3-software-2014-20, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Zinner, Thomas and Iffländer, Lukas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {08}, title = {Demonstrating the Prospects of Dynamic Application-Aware Networking in a Home Environment}, year = 2014 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2014-20 %A Wamser, Florian %A Zinner, Thomas %A Iffländer, Lukas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %C Chicago, IL, USA %D 2014 %T Demonstrating the Prospects of Dynamic Application-Aware Networking in a Home Environment

• Demonstrating the Benefit of Joint Application and Network Control Within a Wireless Access Network. Wamser, Florian; Hock, David; Seufert, Michael; Zinner, Thomas; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Turin, Italy, 2013, April.
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  @misc{info3-software-2013-16, address = {Turin, Italy}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Hock, David and Seufert, Michael and Zinner, Thomas and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {04}, title = {Demonstrating the Benefit of Joint Application and Network Control Within a Wireless Access Network}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2013-16 %A Wamser, Florian %A Hock, David %A Seufert, Michael %A Zinner, Thomas %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) %C Turin, Italy %D 2013 %T Demonstrating the Benefit of Joint Application and Network Control Within a Wireless Access Network
• OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks. Hock, David; Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Stuttgart, Germany, 2013, March.
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  @misc{info3-software-2013-17, address = {Stuttgart, Germany}, author = {Hock, David and Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {03}, title = {OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks}, year = 2013 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2013-17 %A Hock, David %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %C Stuttgart, Germany %D 2013 %T OC²E²AN: Optimized Control Center for Experience Enhancements in Access Networks

• Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy. Wamser, Florian; Hock, David; Seufert, Michael; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Würzburg, Germany, 2012, July.
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  @misc{info3-software-2012-11, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Hock, David and Seufert, Michael and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {07}, title = {Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2012-11 %A Wamser, Florian %A Hock, David %A Seufert, Michael %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2012 %T Performance Optimization in Access Networks Using a Combined Control Strategy

• Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT. Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Deschner, Sebastian; Blenk, Andreas; Staehle, Dirk; Hahm, Oliver; Schmittberger, Nicolai; Günes, Mesut. Würzburg, Germany, 2011, August.
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  @misc{info3-software-2011-9, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Deschner, Sebastian and Blenk, Andreas and Staehle, Dirk and Hahm, Oliver and Schmittberger, Nicolai and Günes, Mesut}, booktitle = {EuroView2011}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {08}, title = {Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT}, year = 2011 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2011-9 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Blenk, Andreas %A Staehle, Dirk %A Hahm, Oliver %A Schmittberger, Nicolai %A Günes, Mesut %B EuroView2011 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2011 %T Application-Aware Self-Optimization of Wireless Mesh Networks with AquareYoum and DES-SERT
• AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks. Staehle, Dirk; Staehle, Barbara; Wamser, Florian; Hirth, Matthias; Stezenbach, David; Deschner, Sebastian. Kiel, Germany, 2011, March.
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  @misc{info3-software-2011-5, address = {Kiel, Germany}, author = {Staehle, Dirk and Staehle, Barbara and Wamser, Florian and Hirth, Matthias and Stezenbach, David and Deschner, Sebastian}, booktitle = {PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {03}, title = {AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2011 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2011-5 %A Staehle, Dirk %A Staehle, Barbara %A Wamser, Florian %A Hirth, Matthias %A Stezenbach, David %A Deschner, Sebastian %B PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation %C Kiel, Germany %D 2011 %T AquareYoum: Application and Quality of Experience-Aware Resource Management for YouTube in Wireless Mesh Networks

• YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks. Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Barbara; Pries, Rastin; Stezenbach, David; Deschner, Sebastian; Staehle, Dirk. Würzburg, Germany, 2010, August.
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  @misc{info3-software-2010-8, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Barbara and Pries, Rastin and Stezenbach, David and Deschner, Sebastian and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {EuroView2010}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {08}, title = {YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2010-8 %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Barbara %A Pries, Rastin %A Stezenbach, David %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Staehle, Dirk %B EuroView2010 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2010 %T YouTube QoE-Aware Gateway Selection in Future Wireless Networks

• Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks. Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Barbara; Deschner, Sebastian; Hirth, Matthias; Staehle, Dirk; Pries, Rastin. Würzburg, Germany, 2009, July.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{info3-software-2009-7, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Barbara and Deschner, Sebastian and Hirth, Matthias and Staehle, Dirk and Pries, Rastin}, booktitle = {EuroView2009}, keywords = {sys:hidden:software}, month = {07}, title = {Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2009 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-software-2009-7 %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Barbara %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Hirth, Matthias %A Staehle, Dirk %A Pries, Rastin %B EuroView2009 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2009 %T Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks

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• Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE. Wehner, Nikolas; Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian. Rome, Italy, 2018, September.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  @misc{info3-poster-2018-3, address = {Rome, Italy}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:poster}, month = {09}, title = {Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2018-3 %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Wassermann, Sarah %A Casas, Pedro %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %B 14th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) %C Rome, Italy %D 2018 %T Beauty is in the Eye of the Smartphone Holder - A Data Driven Analysis of YouTube Mobile QoE
• Deriving YouTube Playout Phases from Encrypted Packet Level Traffic. Geissler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. 2018.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  From the point of view of telecommunication providers, video streaming is one of the most demanding applications in today's Internet. Over 73\% of the total global network traffic has been attributed to video streaming applications in 2016. In this work, we provide a first step towards a better understanding of the packet level behavior of video streaming traffic to enable more efficient traffic engineering in the future. We perform a measurement study with the popular video streaming platform YouTube and show that the different playout phases of a video streaming session can not only be observed by evaluating application layer metrics, but also from raw and encrypted packet level traces.

  @misc{info3-poster-2018-1, abstract = {From the point of view of telecommunication providers, video streaming is one of the most demanding applications in today's Internet. Over 73\% of the total global network traffic has been attributed to video streaming applications in 2016. In this work, we provide a first step towards a better understanding of the packet level behavior of video streaming traffic to enable more efficient traffic engineering in the future. We perform a measurement study with the popular video streaming platform YouTube and show that the different playout phases of a video streaming session can not only be observed by evaluating application layer metrics, but also from raw and encrypted packet level traces.}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 30)}, keywords = {sys:hidden:poster}, title = {Deriving YouTube Playout Phases from Encrypted Packet Level Traffic}, year = 2018 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2018-1 %A Geissler, Stefan %A Lange, Stanislav %A Wamser, Florian %A Hoßfeld, Tobias %B 30th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 30) %D 2018 %T Deriving YouTube Playout Phases from Encrypted Packet Level Traffic %X From the point of view of telecommunication providers, video streaming is one of the most demanding applications in today's Internet. Over 73\% of the total global network traffic has been attributed to video streaming applications in 2016. In this work, we provide a first step towards a better understanding of the packet level behavior of video streaming traffic to enable more efficient traffic engineering in the future. We perform a measurement study with the popular video streaming platform YouTube and show that the different playout phases of a video streaming session can not only be observed by evaluating application layer metrics, but also from raw and encrypted packet level traces.

• YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: a Mobile App for Crowdsourced YouTube QoE Analysis. Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro. London, UK, 2017, November.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  @misc{info3-poster-2017-1, address = {London, UK}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro}, booktitle = {ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC)}, keywords = {can}, month = 11, title = {YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: a Mobile App for Crowdsourced YouTube QoE Analysis}, year = 2017 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2017-1 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wehner, Nikolas %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %B ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) %C London, UK %D 2017 %T YouTube QoE Monitoring with YoMoApp: a Mobile App for Crowdsourced YouTube QoE Analysis

• On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices. Seufert, Michael; Wamser, Florian; Casas, Pedro; Irmer, Ralf; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. Paris, France, 2015, September.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  @misc{info3-poster-2015-39, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wamser, Florian and Casas, Pedro and Irmer, Ralf and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {Wireless of the Students, by the Students, and for the Students Workshop (S3)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2015-39 %A Seufert, Michael %A Wamser, Florian %A Casas, Pedro %A Irmer, Ralf %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B Wireless of the Students, by the Students, and for the Students Workshop (S3) %C Paris, France %D 2015 %T On the Monitoring of YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks from End-devices
• Understanding YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks with YoMoApp - a QoE Monitoring Tool for YouTube Mobile. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Irmer, Ralf; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Schatz, Raimund. 2015, September.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  @misc{info3-poster-2015-38, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Irmer, Ralf and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Understanding YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks with YoMoApp - a QoE Monitoring Tool for YouTube Mobile}, year = 2015 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2015-38 %A Wamser, Florian %A Seufert, Michael %A Casas, Pedro %A Irmer, Ralf %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %A Schatz, Raimund %B 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) %D 2015 %T Understanding YouTube QoE in Cellular Networks with YoMoApp - a QoE Monitoring Tool for YouTube Mobile

• Application and Quality of Experience Aware Resource Management in Wireless Access Networks. Wamser, Florian; Hock, David; Seufert, Michael; Pries, Rastin; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. Würzburg, Germany, 2012, March.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ EndNote ]
  @misc{info3-poster-2012-34, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Hock, David and Seufert, Michael and Pries, Rastin and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, booktitle = {EuroNF Summer School Modeling and Analysis of Novel Mechanisms in Future Internet Applications}, keywords = {sys:hidden:poster}, month = {03}, title = {Application and Quality of Experience Aware Resource Management in Wireless Access Networks}, year = 2012 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2012-34 %A Wamser, Florian %A Hock, David %A Seufert, Michael %A Pries, Rastin %A Tran-Gia, Phuoc %B EuroNF Summer School Modeling and Analysis of Novel Mechanisms in Future Internet Applications %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2012 %T Application and Quality of Experience Aware Resource Management in Wireless Access Networks

• Improving YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks. Staehle, Barbara; Hirth, Matthias; Wamser, Florian; Pries, Rastin; Staehle, Dirk. 2010, June.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{info3-poster-2010-23, author = {Staehle, Barbara and Hirth, Matthias and Wamser, Florian and Pries, Rastin and Staehle, Dirk}, booktitle = {5. Fachgespräch der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe "Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme"}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {06}, title = {Improving YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2010 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2010-23 %A Staehle, Barbara %A Hirth, Matthias %A Wamser, Florian %A Pries, Rastin %A Staehle, Dirk %B 5. Fachgespräch der GI/ITG-Fachgruppe "Kommunikation und Verteilte Systeme" %D 2010 %T Improving YouTube QoE in Wireless Mesh Networks

• Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks. Wamser, Florian; Staehle, Barbara; Deschner, Sebastian; Hirth, Matthias; Staehle, Dirk; Pries, Rastin. Würzburg, Germany, 2009, July.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{info3-poster-2009-22, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Staehle, Barbara and Deschner, Sebastian and Hirth, Matthias and Staehle, Dirk and Pries, Rastin}, booktitle = {EuroView2009}, keywords = {demobenefit}, month = {07}, title = {Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks}, year = 2009 }

  %0 Generic %1 info3-poster-2009-22 %A Wamser, Florian %A Staehle, Barbara %A Deschner, Sebastian %A Hirth, Matthias %A Staehle, Dirk %A Pries, Rastin %B EuroView2009 %C Würzburg, Germany %D 2009 %T Monitoring YouTube Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks