Veröffentlichungen

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• [ 2021 ]
• [ 2020 ]

• Satisfiability of Algebraic Circuits over Sets of Natural Numbers. Glaßer, Christian; Reitwießner, Christian; Travers, Stephen; Waldherr, Matthias. In Discrete Applied Mathematics. to appear.
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  @article{SatCirc, author = {Glaßer, Christian and Reitwießner, Christian and Travers, Stephen and Waldherr, Matthias}, journal = {Discrete Applied Mathematics}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Satisfiability of Algebraic Circuits over Sets of Natural Numbers}, year = {to appear} }
• The Shrinking Property for NP and coNP. Glaßer, Christian; Reitwießner, Christian; Selivanov, Victor. In Theoretical Computer Science. to appear.
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  @article{ShrinkNPcoNP, author = {Glaßer, Christian and Reitwießner, Christian and Selivanov, Victor}, journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, keywords = {myown}, title = {The Shrinking Property for NP and coNP}, year = {to appear} }

• Coverage of Facial Expressions and Its Effects on Avatar Embodiment, Self-Identification, and Uncanniness. Kullmann, Peter; Schell, Theresa; Menzel, Timo; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 31(5), S. 3613–3622. 2025.
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  Facial expressions are crucial for many eXtended Reality (XR) use cases, from mirrored self exposures to social XR, where users interact via their avatars as digital alter egos. However, current XR devices differ in sensor coverage of the face region. Hence, a faithful reconstruction of facial expressions either has to exclude these areas or synthesize missing animation data with model-based approaches, potentially leading to perceivable mismatches between executed and perceived expression. This paper investigates potential effects of the coverage of facial animations (none, partial, or whole) on important factors of self-perception. We exposed 83 participants to their mirrored personalized avatar. They were shown their mirrored avatar face with upper and lower face animation, upper face animation only, lower face animation only, or no face animation. Whole animations were rated higher in virtual embodiment and slightly lower in uncanniness. Missing animations did not differ from partial ones in terms of virtual embodiment. Contrasts showed significantly lower humanness, lower eeriness, and lower attractiveness for the partial conditions. For questions related to self-identification, effects were mixed. We discuss participants' shift in body part attention across conditions. Qualitative results show participants perceived their virtual representation as fascinating yet uncanny.

  @article{kullmann2025coverage, abstract = {Facial expressions are crucial for many eXtended Reality (XR) use cases, from mirrored self exposures to social XR, where users interact via their avatars as digital alter egos. However, current XR devices differ in sensor coverage of the face region. Hence, a faithful reconstruction of facial expressions either has to exclude these areas or synthesize missing animation data with model-based approaches, potentially leading to perceivable mismatches between executed and perceived expression. This paper investigates potential effects of the coverage of facial animations (none, partial, or whole) on important factors of self-perception. We exposed 83 participants to their mirrored personalized avatar. They were shown their mirrored avatar face with upper and lower face animation, upper face animation only, lower face animation only, or no face animation. Whole animations were rated higher in virtual embodiment and slightly lower in uncanniness. Missing animations did not differ from partial ones in terms of virtual embodiment. Contrasts showed significantly lower humanness, lower eeriness, and lower attractiveness for the partial conditions. For questions related to self-identification, effects were mixed. We discuss participants' shift in body part attention across conditions. Qualitative results show participants perceived their virtual representation as fascinating yet uncanny.}, author = {Kullmann, Peter and Schell, Theresa and Menzel, Timo and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {xrhub}, number = 5, pages = {3613-3622}, title = {Coverage of Facial Expressions and Its Effects on Avatar Embodiment, Self-Identification, and Uncanniness}, volume = 31, year = 2025 }
• PreAdapter: Pre-training Language Models on Knowledge Graphs. Omeliyanenko, Janna; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In The Semantic Web -- ISWC 2024, G. Demartini, K. Hose, M. Acosta, M. Palmonari, G. Cheng, H. Skaf-Molli, N. Ferranti, D. Hernández, A. Hogan (Hrsg.), S. 210–226. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.
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  Pre-trained language models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in various downstream tasks such as summarization, sentiment classification, and question answering. Leveraging vast amounts of textual data during training, these models inherently hold a certain amount of factual knowledge, which is particularly beneficial for knowledge-driven tasks such as question answering. However, the knowledge implicitly contained within the language models is not complete. Consequently, many studies incorporate additional knowledge from Semantic Web resources such as knowledge graphs, which provide an explicit representation of knowledge in the form of triples.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-77850-6_12, abstract = {Pre-trained language models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in various downstream tasks such as summarization, sentiment classification, and question answering. Leveraging vast amounts of textual data during training, these models inherently hold a certain amount of factual knowledge, which is particularly beneficial for knowledge-driven tasks such as question answering. However, the knowledge implicitly contained within the language models is not complete. Consequently, many studies incorporate additional knowledge from Semantic Web resources such as knowledge graphs, which provide an explicit representation of knowledge in the form of triples.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Omeliyanenko, Janna and Hotho, Andreas and Schl{\"o}r, Daniel}, booktitle = {The Semantic Web – ISWC 2024}, editor = {Demartini, Gianluca and Hose, Katja and Acosta, Maribel and Palmonari, Matteo and Cheng, Gong and Skaf-Molli, Hala and Ferranti, Nicolas and Hern{\'a}ndez, Daniel and Hogan, Aidan}, keywords = {graph}, pages = {210–226}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {PreAdapter: Pre-training Language Models on Knowledge Graphs}, year = 2025 }
• aVeRsive tension: A new virtual reality paradigm to assess emotional arousal in adolescent and young adult patients with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Mittermeier, Sabrina; Gregorova, Klara; Goettfert, Christopher; Merz, Christian; Weiß, Martin; Krauss, Jana; Franke, Sarah; Reiter, Andrea; Wienrich, Carolin; Buerger, Arne. In International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 25(2), S. 100583. 2025.
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  Background High emotional arousal (EA) is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). While virtual reality (VR) has shown promise in treating emotion-based disorders, research on VR applications for BPD remains limited, especially in adolescence. This study aimed to validate a novel VR-based aVeRsive tension paradigm for assessing EA in adolescents and young adults with BPD symptoms. Methods In a multimodal study, we investigated the validity of aVeRsive tension: We surveyed 62 patients with BPD symptoms and 62 healthy controls (HC) aged 13–25 years who completed two VR sessions (stress/control condition). Each session included an adapted Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) followed by a cyberball paradigm. Subjective EA ratings and physiological measurements were taken during the sessions. Results The BPD group showed significantly higher EA levels compared to HC across both conditions. While both groups exhibited peak EA after TSST, HC demonstrated EA reduction during Cyberball in both conditions. The BPD group maintained elevated EA levels in the stress condition. Physiological data partially supported these findings, with the BPD group showing higher heart rates, particularly during Cyberball in the stress condition. Discussion The aVeRsive tension paradigm successfully discriminated between BPD and HC groups, capturing both subjective and physiological responses. The sustained EA in the BPD group during stress conditions aligns with characteristic emotion dysregulation patterns. While task-specific effects were observed, with TSST eliciting stronger responses than Cyberball, the paradigm effectively simulated real-life stressors in a controlled VR environment. Conclusion This study validates the aVeRsive tension protocol as a promising tool for assessing EA in adolescents and young adults with BPD symptoms. The VR-based approach offers advantages in experimental control and ecological validity, showing potential for both diagnostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in clinical settings.

  @article{mittermeier2025aversive, abstract = {Background High emotional arousal (EA) is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). While virtual reality (VR) has shown promise in treating emotion-based disorders, research on VR applications for BPD remains limited, especially in adolescence. This study aimed to validate a novel VR-based aVeRsive tension paradigm for assessing EA in adolescents and young adults with BPD symptoms. Methods In a multimodal study, we investigated the validity of aVeRsive tension: We surveyed 62 patients with BPD symptoms and 62 healthy controls (HC) aged 13–25 years who completed two VR sessions (stress/control condition). Each session included an adapted Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) followed by a cyberball paradigm. Subjective EA ratings and physiological measurements were taken during the sessions. Results The BPD group showed significantly higher EA levels compared to HC across both conditions. While both groups exhibited peak EA after TSST, HC demonstrated EA reduction during Cyberball in both conditions. The BPD group maintained elevated EA levels in the stress condition. Physiological data partially supported these findings, with the BPD group showing higher heart rates, particularly during Cyberball in the stress condition. Discussion The aVeRsive tension paradigm successfully discriminated between BPD and HC groups, capturing both subjective and physiological responses. The sustained EA in the BPD group during stress conditions aligns with characteristic emotion dysregulation patterns. While task-specific effects were observed, with TSST eliciting stronger responses than Cyberball, the paradigm effectively simulated real-life stressors in a controlled VR environment. Conclusion This study validates the aVeRsive tension protocol as a promising tool for assessing EA in adolescents and young adults with BPD symptoms. The VR-based approach offers advantages in experimental control and ecological validity, showing potential for both diagnostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in clinical settings.}, author = {Mittermeier, Sabrina and Gregorova, Klara and Goettfert, Christopher and Merz, Christian and Weiß, Martin and Krauss, Jana and Franke, Sarah and Reiter, Andrea and Wienrich, Carolin and Buerger, Arne}, journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology}, keywords = {merz}, number = 2, pages = 100583, title = {aVeRsive tension: A new virtual reality paradigm to assess emotional arousal in adolescent and young adult patients with symptoms of borderline personality disorder}, volume = 25, year = 2025 }
• Microservice Applications and Their Workloads on GitHub. Lubas, Yannik; Straesser, Martin; Rohwer, Ivo; Kounev, Samuel; Bauer, André. In Companion of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’25, S. 199–205. Association for Computing Machinery, Toronto ON, Canada, 2025.
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  Many cloud applications employ a microservice architecture to reap its various benefits, such as independent scalability and development. However, microservices' distributed nature comes with its own challenges, which the literature tries to combat with various approaches in domains, such as autoscaling or service placement. Researchers, especially performance engineers, need representative microservice applications as a basis to develop and evaluate their approaches. While the literature proposes several reference and benchmark applications, the set of commonly used applications is rather limited. Further, the representativeness of reference applications for industry practices has been challenged, raising questions about the applicability of existing approaches. To investigate possible alternatives to and inspirations for microservice testbeds, we conduct an exploratory search of microservice applications and their workloads by mining GitHub repositories. Our work provides two datasets containing 553 applications and 8 workload dataset repositories, respectively. In addition, we provide a first analysis of the collected data that future work can build upon.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3680256.3721321, abstract = {Many cloud applications employ a microservice architecture to reap its various benefits, such as independent scalability and development. However, microservices' distributed nature comes with its own challenges, which the literature tries to combat with various approaches in domains, such as autoscaling or service placement. Researchers, especially performance engineers, need representative microservice applications as a basis to develop and evaluate their approaches. While the literature proposes several reference and benchmark applications, the set of commonly used applications is rather limited. Further, the representativeness of reference applications for industry practices has been challenged, raising questions about the applicability of existing approaches. To investigate possible alternatives to and inspirations for microservice testbeds, we conduct an exploratory search of microservice applications and their workloads by mining GitHub repositories. Our work provides two datasets containing 553 applications and 8 workload dataset repositories, respectively. In addition, we provide a first analysis of the collected data that future work can build upon.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Lubas, Yannik and Straesser, Martin and Rohwer, Ivo and Kounev, Samuel and Bauer, Andr\'{e}}, booktitle = {Companion of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {t_workshop}, pages = {199–205}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '25}, title = {Microservice Applications and Their Workloads on GitHub}, year = 2025 }
• Generating Executable Microservice Applications for Performance Benchmarking. Lubas, Yannik; Straesser, Martin; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’25, S. 31–44. Association for Computing Machinery, Toronto ON, Canada, 2025.
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  Microservice applications are the building blocks of modern cloud applications. As such, their performance aspects have been receiving increasing attention in the software engineering community. However, many microservice performance studies use only a small set of popular microservice test applications for experiments, questioning the applicability of their approaches in practice. Researchers currently lack the opportunity to collect large and diverse datasets containing performance metrics of microservices. This is because popular test applications only represent specific technology stacks and often come with custom benchmark tooling (e.g., load generation and monitoring). In this paper, we present Creo, a framework for generating microservice applications that (1) are fully executable, (2) have configurable properties and resource usage profiles, and (3) have built-in support for standardized monitoring, load generation, and deployment. Our approach enables researchers to run experiments with diverse microservice applications with minimal effort. We demonstrate the value of our approach in the context of two use cases. First, we show that using generated applications when training machine learning models for predicting performance degradation can improve the prediction accuracy. Second, we evaluate a recent approach for performance anomaly classification on a set of generated applications highlighting strengths and weaknesses not discussed in the original work.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3676151.3719361, abstract = {Microservice applications are the building blocks of modern cloud applications. As such, their performance aspects have been receiving increasing attention in the software engineering community. However, many microservice performance studies use only a small set of popular microservice test applications for experiments, questioning the applicability of their approaches in practice. Researchers currently lack the opportunity to collect large and diverse datasets containing performance metrics of microservices. This is because popular test applications only represent specific technology stacks and often come with custom benchmark tooling (e.g., load generation and monitoring). In this paper, we present Creo, a framework for generating microservice applications that (1) are fully executable, (2) have configurable properties and resource usage profiles, and (3) have built-in support for standardized monitoring, load generation, and deployment. Our approach enables researchers to run experiments with diverse microservice applications with minimal effort. We demonstrate the value of our approach in the context of two use cases. First, we show that using generated applications when training machine learning models for predicting performance degradation can improve the prediction accuracy. Second, we evaluate a recent approach for performance anomaly classification on a set of generated applications highlighting strengths and weaknesses not discussed in the original work.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Lubas, Yannik and Straesser, Martin and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {microservices}, pages = {31–44}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '25}, title = {Generating Executable Microservice Applications for Performance Benchmarking}, year = 2025 }
• Self-Similarity Beats Motor Control in Augmented Reality Body Weight Perception. Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Botsch, Mario; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 31(5). 2025.
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  This paper investigates if and how self-similarity and having motor control impact sense of embodiment, self-identification, and body weight perception in Augmented Reality (AR). We conducted a 2x2 mixed design experiment involving 60 participants who interacted with either synchronously moving virtual humans or independently moving ones, each with self-similar or generic appearances, across two consecutive AR sessions. Participants evaluated their sense of embodiment, self-identification, and body weight perception of the virtual human. Our results show that self-similarity significantly enhanced sense of embodiment, self-identification, and the accuracy of body weight estimates with the virtual human. However, the effects of having motor control over the virtual human movements were notably weaker in these measures than in similar VR studies. Further analysis indicated that not only the virtual human itself but also the participants' body weight, self-esteem, and body shape concerns predict body weight estimates across all conditions. Our work advances the understanding of virtual human body weight perception in AR systems, emphasizing the importance of factors such as coherence with the real-world environment.

  @article{fiedler2025selfsimilarity, abstract = {This paper investigates if and how self-similarity and having motor control impact sense of embodiment, self-identification, and body weight perception in Augmented Reality (AR). We conducted a 2x2 mixed design experiment involving 60 participants who interacted with either synchronously moving virtual humans or independently moving ones, each with self-similar or generic appearances, across two consecutive AR sessions. Participants evaluated their sense of embodiment, self-identification, and body weight perception of the virtual human. Our results show that self-similarity significantly enhanced sense of embodiment, self-identification, and the accuracy of body weight estimates with the virtual human. However, the effects of having motor control over the virtual human movements were notably weaker in these measures than in similar VR studies. Further analysis indicated that not only the virtual human itself but also the participants' body weight, self-esteem, and body shape concerns predict body weight estimates across all conditions. Our work advances the understanding of virtual human body weight perception in AR systems, emphasizing the importance of factors such as coherence with the real-world environment.}, author = {Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {mfiedler}, note = {Honorable Mention 🏆}, number = 5, title = {Self-Similarity Beats Motor Control in Augmented Reality Body Weight Perception}, volume = 31, year = 2025 }
• Replacing the Body in Embodiment: The Relationship Between Avatars and Interoception in Virtual Reality. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Döllinger, Nina. PhD dissertation. Universität Würzburg, 2025.
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  @phdthesis{doellinger2025phd, author = {Döllinger, Nina}, keywords = {nidoel}, school = {Universität Würzburg}, title = {Replacing the Body in Embodiment: The Relationship Between Avatars and Interoception in Virtual Reality}, year = 2025 }
• Immersive Tailoring of Embodied Agents Using Large Language Models. Bellucci, Andrea; Jacucci, Giulio; Duong, Kien; K Das, Pritom; Smirnov, Sergei; Ahmed, Imtiaj; Lugrin, Jean-Luc. In Proceedings of the The 32nd IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, von IEEE VR 2025. 2025.
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  LLM-based embodied agents are recently emerging in VR supporting various scenarios such as pedagogical assistants, virtual companions, and NPCs for games. While they have potential to enhance user interactions, they require careful design to cater unique user needs and contexts. We present an architecture that leverages different LLM modules, and their engineering integration to enable conversational interactions with an embodied agent in multi-user VR. Our system’s primary goal is to facilitate immersive tailoring through conversational input, allowing users to dynamically adjust an agent’s behavior and properties (e.g., role, personality, and appearance), directly within the virtual space, rather than during development or via separate interfaces. We demonstrate this approach with a use case and provide performance measurements in terms of latency of ailoring.

  @inproceedings{bellucci2025immersive, abstract = {LLM-based embodied agents are recently emerging in VR supporting various scenarios such as pedagogical assistants, virtual companions, and NPCs for games. While they have potential to enhance user interactions, they require careful design to cater unique user needs and contexts. We present an architecture that leverages different LLM modules, and their engineering integration to enable conversational interactions with an embodied agent in multi-user VR. Our system’s primary goal is to facilitate immersive tailoring through conversational input, allowing users to dynamically adjust an agent’s behavior and properties (e.g., role, personality, and appearance), directly within the virtual space, rather than during development or via separate interfaces. We demonstrate this approach with a use case and provide performance measurements in terms of latency of ailoring.}, author = {Bellucci, Andrea and Jacucci, Giulio and Duong, Kien and K Das, Pritom and Smirnov, Sergei and Ahmed, Imtiaj and Lugrin, Jean-Luc}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the The 32nd IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces}, keywords = {ieeevr25}, series = {IEEE VR 2025}, title = {Immersive Tailoring of Embodied Agents Using Large Language Models}, year = 2025 }
• Objective Measurement of AI Literacy: Development and Validation of the AI Competency Objective Scale (AICOS). Markus, André; Carolus, Astrid; Wienrich, Carolin. 2025.
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  @misc{markus2025objectivemeasurementailiteracy, author = {Markus, André and Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, title = {Objective Measurement of AI Literacy: Development and Validation of the AI Competency Objective Scale (AICOS)}, year = 2025 }
• Trust your local scaler: A continuous, decentralized approach to autoscaling. Straesser, Martin; Geissler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Schumann, Lukas Kilian; Hossfeld, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In Performance Evaluation, 167, S. 102452. 2025.
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  Autoscaling is a critical component of modern cloud computing environments, improving flexibility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Current approaches use centralized autoscalers that make decisions based on averaged monitoring data of managed service instances in fixed intervals. In this scheme, autoscalers are single points of failure, tightly coupled to monitoring systems, and limited in reaction times, making non-optimal scaling decisions costly. This paper presents an approach for continuous decentralized autoscaling, where decisions are made on a service instance level. By distributing scaling decisions of instances over time, autoscaling evolves into a quasi-continuous process, enabling great adaptability to different workload patterns. We analyze our approach on different abstraction levels, including a model-based, simulation-based, and real-world evaluation. Proof-of-concept experiments show that our approach is able to scale different applications deployed in containers and virtual machines in realistic environments, yielding better scaling performance compared to established baseline autoscalers, especially in scenarios with highly dynamic workloads.

  @article{STRAESSER2025102452, abstract = {Autoscaling is a critical component of modern cloud computing environments, improving flexibility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Current approaches use centralized autoscalers that make decisions based on averaged monitoring data of managed service instances in fixed intervals. In this scheme, autoscalers are single points of failure, tightly coupled to monitoring systems, and limited in reaction times, making non-optimal scaling decisions costly. This paper presents an approach for continuous decentralized autoscaling, where decisions are made on a service instance level. By distributing scaling decisions of instances over time, autoscaling evolves into a quasi-continuous process, enabling great adaptability to different workload patterns. We analyze our approach on different abstraction levels, including a model-based, simulation-based, and real-world evaluation. Proof-of-concept experiments show that our approach is able to scale different applications deployed in containers and virtual machines in realistic environments, yielding better scaling performance compared to established baseline autoscalers, especially in scenarios with highly dynamic workloads.}, author = {Straesser, Martin and Geissler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Schumann, Lukas Kilian and Hossfeld, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Performance Evaluation}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = 102452, title = {Trust your local scaler: A continuous, decentralized approach to autoscaling}, volume = 167, year = 2025 }
• Outside-Obstacle Representations with All Vertices on the Outer Face. Firman, Oksana; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Wolff, Alexander. In Computing in Geometry and Topology, 4(1), S. 2:1–2:21. 2025.
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  An \emph{obstacle representation of a graph~\($G$\) consists of a set of polygonal obstacles and a drawing of~\($G$\) as a \emph{visibility graph with respect to the obstacles: vertices are mapped to points and edges to straight-line segments such that each edge avoids all obstacles whereas each non-edge intersects at least one obstacle. Obstacle representations have been investigated quite intensely over the last few years. Here we focus on \emph{outside-obstacle representations (OORs) that use only one obstacle in the outer face of the drawing. It is known that every outerplanar graph admits such a representation. par We strengthen this result by showing that every (partial) 2-tree has an OOR. We also consider restricted versions of OORs where the vertices of the graph form a convex or even a regular polygon. We characterize when the complement of a tree and when a complete graph minus a simple cycle admits a convex OOR. We construct regular OORs for all (partial) outerpaths, cactus graphs, and grids.

  @article{fkkkkw-ooravof-CGT25, abstract = {An \emph{obstacle representation} of a graph $G$ consists of a set of polygonal obstacles and a drawing of $G$ as a \emph{visibility graph} with respect to the obstacles: vertices are mapped to points and edges to straight-line segments such that each edge avoids all obstacles whereas each non-edge intersects at least one obstacle. Obstacle representations have been investigated quite intensely over the last few years. Here we focus on \emph{outside-obstacle representations} (OORs) that use only one obstacle in the outer face of the drawing. It is known that every outerplanar graph admits such a representation. \par We strengthen this result by showing that every (partial) 2-tree has an OOR. We also consider restricted versions of OORs where the vertices of the graph form a convex or even a regular polygon. We characterize when the complement of a tree and when a complete graph minus a simple cycle admits a convex OOR. We construct regular OORs for all (partial) outerpaths, cactus graphs, and grids.}, author = {Firman, Oksana and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computing in Geometry and Topology}, keywords = {outside_obstacle}, number = 1, pages = {2:1–2:21}, title = {Outside-Obstacle Representations with All Vertices on the Outer Face}, volume = 4, year = 2025 }
• Next Generation Energy Efficiency Benchmarking: Reliable and Reproducible Efficiency Measurements in a Diverse IT-Landscape. Meissner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Cragin, Aaron; H J, Pushpa; Proulx, Robert; Kounev, Samuel. In Companion of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’25, S. 60–64. Association for Computing Machinery, Toronto ON, Canada, 2025.
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  Energy efficiency has become a critical quality criterion of IT-systems. While hardware designers have long worked on improving efficiency, researchers in other fields, such as software design and Artificial Intelligence, are increasingly focusing on this issue as well. Such combined efforts are essential to mitigate the significant energy demands of current and future hardware and software. In comparison to performance benchmarking, energy efficiency benchmarking involves a variety of additional factors that must be carefully considered and controlled. Without proper setup and oversight, measurements can easily lead to misleading, inconclusive, or unreliable results. Because reproducibility of experiment results, or lack thereof, is a critical concern in the scientific community, knowing the intricacies of power and efficiency measurements is a crucial pre-requisite for carrying out meaningful experiments. This paper offers insight into aspects important for conducting energy efficiency experiments based on best practices. It explains the effects of subtle differences in experiment setup and discusses current trends and challenges in efficiency benchmarking.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3680256.3721255, abstract = {Energy efficiency has become a critical quality criterion of IT-systems. While hardware designers have long worked on improving efficiency, researchers in other fields, such as software design and Artificial Intelligence, are increasingly focusing on this issue as well. Such combined efforts are essential to mitigate the significant energy demands of current and future hardware and software. In comparison to performance benchmarking, energy efficiency benchmarking involves a variety of additional factors that must be carefully considered and controlled. Without proper setup and oversight, measurements can easily lead to misleading, inconclusive, or unreliable results. Because reproducibility of experiment results, or lack thereof, is a critical concern in the scientific community, knowing the intricacies of power and efficiency measurements is a crucial pre-requisite for carrying out meaningful experiments. This paper offers insight into aspects important for conducting energy efficiency experiments based on best practices. It explains the effects of subtle differences in experiment setup and discusses current trends and challenges in efficiency benchmarking.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Meissner, Maximilian and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Cragin, Aaron and H J, Pushpa and Proulx, Robert and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Companion of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {t_tutorial}, pages = {60–64}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '25}, title = {Next Generation Energy Efficiency Benchmarking: Reliable and Reproducible Efficiency Measurements in a Diverse IT-Landscape}, year = 2025 }
• Identifying Axiomatic Mathematical Transformation Steps using Tree-Structured Pointer Networks. Wankerl, Sebastian; Pfister, Jan; Dulny, Andrzej; Götz, Gerhard; Hotho, Andreas. In Transactions on Machine Learning Research. 2025.
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  @article{wankerl2025identifying, author = {Wankerl, Sebastian and Pfister, Jan and Dulny, Andrzej and G{\"o}tz, Gerhard and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Transactions on Machine Learning Research}, keywords = {author:pfister}, title = {Identifying Axiomatic Mathematical Transformation Steps using Tree-Structured Pointer Networks}, year = 2025 }
• Quantifying Data Leakage in Failure Prediction Tasks. Grillmeyer, Daniel; Hadry, Marius; Lesch, Veronika; Borst, Vanessa; Leppich, Robert; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’25, S. 334–346. Association for Computing Machinery, Toronto ON, Canada, 2025.
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  With the ever increasing importance of cloud computing and a strong focus on reliable data centers, a high amount of research has been done on failure prediction for hard disk drives. The collection of monitoring data, such as SMART statistics (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) from operational HDDs, enables operators to obtain predictions about the expected remaining useful life. Numerous methods for HDD failure prediction have been published in recent years, and their evaluation has shown decent results. However, a naive splitting into training and test sets can lead to data leakage and, thus, over-optimistic results that cannot be achieved on the data of scientific interest. In this paper, we propose a novel data leakage measure for quantifying the amount of data leakage in training and test datasets. Further, we define four splitting techniques and evaluate our measure in terms of the performance optimism of classification models with respect to these different splitting strategies. Our results consistently show that splitting techniques prone to data leakage induce an overestimation of predictive performance. Overall, we were able to show the usefulness of the defined data leakage measure, as well as its connection with different splitting techniques and the performance optimism of prediction models.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3676151.3719368, abstract = {With the ever increasing importance of cloud computing and a strong focus on reliable data centers, a high amount of research has been done on failure prediction for hard disk drives. The collection of monitoring data, such as SMART statistics (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) from operational HDDs, enables operators to obtain predictions about the expected remaining useful life. Numerous methods for HDD failure prediction have been published in recent years, and their evaluation has shown decent results. However, a naive splitting into training and test sets can lead to data leakage and, thus, over-optimistic results that cannot be achieved on the data of scientific interest. In this paper, we propose a novel data leakage measure for quantifying the amount of data leakage in training and test datasets. Further, we define four splitting techniques and evaluate our measure in terms of the performance optimism of classification models with respect to these different splitting strategies. Our results consistently show that splitting techniques prone to data leakage induce an overestimation of predictive performance. Overall, we were able to show the usefulness of the defined data leakage measure, as well as its connection with different splitting techniques and the performance optimism of prediction models.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Grillmeyer, Daniel and Hadry, Marius and Lesch, Veronika and Borst, Vanessa and Leppich, Robert and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {334–346}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '25}, title = {Quantifying Data Leakage in Failure Prediction Tasks}, year = 2025 }
• Exploring Design Choices for Autoregressive Deep Learning Climate Models. Gallusser, Florian; Hentschel, Simon; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Tackling Climate Change With Machine Learning, International Conference on Learning Representation 2025 (ICLR 2025). 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{gallusser2025exploring, author = {Gallusser, Florian and Hentschel, Simon and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Tackling Climate Change With Machine Learning, International Conference on Learning Representation 2025 (ICLR 2025)}, keywords = {climate}, title = {Exploring Design Choices for Autoregressive Deep Learning Climate Models}, year = 2025 }
• Integrating Colored Lights into Multimodal Robotic Storytelling. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Maier, Sophia; Lugrin, Birgit. In Empathic Computing, 1(2), S. 202404. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{steinhaeusser2025lights, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Maier, Sophia and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Empathic Computing}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, number = 2, pages = 202404, title = {Integrating Colored Lights into Multimodal Robotic Storytelling}, volume = 1, year = 2025 }
• Approximating Traveling Salesman Problems Using a Bridge Lemma. Böhm, Martin; Friggstad, Zachary; Mömke, Tobias; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 36th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA’25). 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{bohm2024approximating, author = {Böhm, Martin and Friggstad, Zachary and Mömke, Tobias and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 36th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA'25)}, keywords = {key}, title = {Approximating Traveling Salesman Problems Using a Bridge Lemma}, year = 2025 }
• Causal Discovery for Cloud Microservice Architectures. Lohse, Christopher; Tsutsumi, Diego; Ba, Amadou; Harsha, Pavithra; Subramanian, Chitra K; Straesser, Martin; Ruffini, Marco. In AAAI 2025 Workshop on Deployable AI. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{lohse2025causal, author = {Lohse, Christopher and Tsutsumi, Diego and Ba, Amadou and Harsha, Pavithra and Subramanian, Chitra K and Straesser, Martin and Ruffini, Marco}, booktitle = {AAAI 2025 Workshop on Deployable AI}, keywords = {t_workshop}, title = {Causal Discovery for Cloud Microservice Architectures}, year = 2025 }
• Minimum Monotone Spanning Trees. Di Giacomo, Emilio; Didimo, Walter; Katsanou, Eleni; Schlipf, Lena; Symvonis, Antonios; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 51st Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’25), Bd. 15538 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, R. Královič, V. Kůrková (Hrsg.), S. 1–16. Springer-Verlag, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ddkssw-mmst-SOFSEM25, author = {{Di Giacomo}, Emilio and Didimo, Walter and Katsanou, Eleni and Schlipf, Lena and Symvonis, Antonios and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 51st Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'25)}, editor = {Královič, Rastislav and Kůrková, Věra}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1–16}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Minimum Monotone Spanning Trees}, volume = 15538, year = 2025 }
• An AI-Driven Card Playing Robot: An Empirical Study on Communicative Style and Embodiment with Elderly Adults. Banck, Michael; Ganal, Elisabeth; Weichert, Hanna-Finja; Puppe, Frank; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2025). IFAAMAS, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{banck2025cardrobot, address = {Detroit, Michigan, USA}, author = {Banck, Michael and Ganal, Elisabeth and Weichert, Hanna-Finja and Puppe, Frank and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2025)}, keywords = {sia}, note = {10 pages}, publisher = {IFAAMAS}, title = {An AI-Driven Card Playing Robot: An Empirical Study on Communicative Style and Embodiment with Elderly Adults}, year = 2025 }
• Clustering to Minimize Cluster-Aware Norm Objectives. Herold, Martin G.; Kipouridis, Evangelos; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 36th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA’25). 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{herold2025clustering, author = {Herold, Martin G. and Kipouridis, Evangelos and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 36th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA'25)}, keywords = {key}, title = {Clustering to Minimize Cluster-Aware Norm Objectives}, year = 2025 }
• Recognizing 2-Layer and Outer k-Planar Graphs. Kobayashi, Yasuaki; Okada, Yuto; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 41st Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG’25), von LIPIcs, O. Aichholzer, H. Wang (Hrsg.). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{kow-r2lok-SoCG25, author = {Kobayashi, Yasuaki and Okada, Yuto and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 41st Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG'25)}, editor = {Aichholzer, Oswin and Wang, Haitao}, keywords = {myown}, note = {To appear.}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Recognizing 2-Layer and Outer k-Planar Graphs}, year = 2025 }
• Breaking Immersion Barriers: Smartphone Viability in Asymmetric Virtual Collaboration. Merz, Christian; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In CHI 25 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
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  As demand grows for cross-device collaboration in virtual environments, users increasingly join shared spaces on varying hardware ranging from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to everyday lower-immersion smartphones. This paper investigates smartphone-based participation compared with fully immersive VR in dyadic asymmetric interaction. One participant joins via an HMD, while the other uses a smartphone. Through a collaborative sorting task, we evaluate self-perception (presence, embodiment), other-perception (co-presence, social presence, avatar plausibility), and task-perception (task load, enjoyment). We compare our results with previous work that examined VR-VR and desktop-VR pairings. The results show that smartphone users report lower self-perception than VR users. However, other-perception remains comparable to immersive setups. Interestingly, smartphone participants experience lower mental demand. It appears that device familiarity and intuitive interfaces can compensate for reduced immersion. Overall, our work highlights the viability of smartphones for asymmetric interaction, offering high accessibility without impairing social interaction.

  @inproceedings{merz2025smartphone, abstract = {As demand grows for cross-device collaboration in virtual environments, users increasingly join shared spaces on varying hardware ranging from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to everyday lower-immersion smartphones. This paper investigates smartphone-based participation compared with fully immersive VR in dyadic asymmetric interaction. One participant joins via an HMD, while the other uses a smartphone. Through a collaborative sorting task, we evaluate self-perception (presence, embodiment), other-perception (co-presence, social presence, avatar plausibility), and task-perception (task load, enjoyment). We compare our results with previous work that examined VR-VR and desktop-VR pairings. The results show that smartphone users report lower self-perception than VR users. However, other-perception remains comparable to immersive setups. Interestingly, smartphone participants experience lower mental demand. It appears that device familiarity and intuitive interfaces can compensate for reduced immersion. Overall, our work highlights the viability of smartphones for asymmetric interaction, offering high accessibility without impairing social interaction.}, author = {Merz, Christian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {CHI 25 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {merz}, title = {Breaking Immersion Barriers: Smartphone Viability in Asymmetric Virtual Collaboration}, year = 2025 }
• ModernGBERT: German-only 1B Encoder Model Trained from Scratch. Ehrmanntraut, Anton; Wunderle, Julia; Pfister, Jan; Jannidis, Fotis; Hotho, Andreas. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{ehrmanntraut2025moderngbert, author = {Ehrmanntraut, Anton and Wunderle, Julia and Pfister, Jan and Jannidis, Fotis and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {author:pfister}, title = {ModernGBERT: German-only 1B Encoder Model Trained from Scratch}, year = 2025 }
• Multidimensional image morphing-fast image-based rendering of open 3D and VR environments. Seibt, Simon; Kuth, Bastian; von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz; Chang, Thomas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 7(2), S. 155–172. Elsevier, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{seibt2025multidimensional, author = {Seibt, Simon and Kuth, Bastian and von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz and Chang, Thomas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Virtual Reality \& Intelligent Hardware}, keywords = {hci}, number = 2, pages = {155–172}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Multidimensional image morphing-fast image-based rendering of open 3D and VR environments}, volume = 7, year = 2025 }
• Microservice Benchmark Applications. von Kistowski, Jóakim; Eismann, Simon; Lubas, Yannik; Schmitt, Norbert; Bauer, André; Grohmann, Johannes; Kounev, Samuel. In Systems Benchmarking: For Scientists and Engineers, S. 305–321. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This chapter provides an overview of well-established microservice benchmark applications used in research. Further, it describes TeaStore as a selected example in more detail. Based on this description, we also showcase two case studies using TeaStore as an example of the usage of a microservice benchmark in practice.

  @inbook{vonKistowski2025, abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of well-established microservice benchmark applications used in research. Further, it describes TeaStore as a selected example in more detail. Based on this description, we also showcase two case studies using TeaStore as an example of the usage of a microservice benchmark in practice.}, address = {Cham}, author = {von Kistowski, J{\'o}akim and Eismann, Simon and Lubas, Yannik and Schmitt, Norbert and Bauer, Andr{\'e} and Grohmann, Johannes and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Systems Benchmarking: For Scientists and Engineers}, keywords = {t_bookchapter}, pages = {305–321}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {Microservice Benchmark Applications}, year = 2025 }
• Do You Feel Better? The Impact of Embodying Photorealistic Avatars with Ideal Body Weight on Attractiveness and Self-Esteem in Virtual Reality. Holderrieth, Lena; Wolf, Erik; Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW), S. 1404–1405. IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Body weight issues can manifest in low self-esteem through a negative body image or the feeling of unattractiveness. To explore potential interventions, the pilot study examined whether embodying a photorealistically personalized avatar with enhanced attractiveness affects self-esteem. Participants in the manipulation group adjusted their avatar's body weight to their self-defined ideal, while a control group used unmodified avatars. To confirm the manipulation, we measured the perceived avatars' attractiveness. Results showed that participants found avatars at their ideal weight significantly more attractive, confirming an effective manipulation. Further, the ideal weight group showed a clear trend towards higher self-esteem post-exposure.

  @inproceedings{holderrieth2025better, abstract = {Body weight issues can manifest in low self-esteem through a negative body image or the feeling of unattractiveness. To explore potential interventions, the pilot study examined whether embodying a photorealistically personalized avatar with enhanced attractiveness affects self-esteem. Participants in the manipulation group adjusted their avatar's body weight to their self-defined ideal, while a control group used unmodified avatars. To confirm the manipulation, we measured the perceived avatars' attractiveness. Results showed that participants found avatars at their ideal weight significantly more attractive, confirming an effective manipulation. Further, the ideal weight group showed a clear trend towards higher self-esteem post-exposure.}, author = {Holderrieth, Lena and Wolf, Erik and Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, month = {03}, note = {Best Poster 🏆}, pages = {1404-1405}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {Do You Feel Better? The Impact of Embodying Photorealistic Avatars with Ideal Body Weight on Attractiveness and Self-Esteem in Virtual Reality}, year = 2025 }
• Telling Fortunes? Evaluation of Traffic Forecasting Models using Traffic and Context Features. Hadry, Marius; Bauer, André; Leppich, Robert; Lesch, Veronika; Kounev, Samuel. In Applied intelligence. Springer, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{hadry2025telling, author = {Hadry, Marius and Bauer, André and Leppich, Robert and Lesch, Veronika and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Applied intelligence}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {just accepted}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Telling Fortunes? Evaluation of Traffic Forecasting Models using Traffic and Context Features}, year = 2025 }
• The Buffering of Autonomic Fear Responses Is Moderated by the Characteristics of a Virtual Character. Weiß, Martin; Krop, Philipp; Treml, Lukas; Neuser, Elias; Botsch, Mario; Herrmann, Martin J.; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Hein, Grit. In Computers in Human Behavior, 168, S. 108657. 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The presence of a conspecific can mitigate autonomic responses to aversive stimuli, an effect known as social buffering. Nowadays, social interactions are often virtual, yet virtual social buffering effects remain poorly understood. This work presents five studies that systematically test the conditions required for virtual social buffering. We assessed participants’ emotion ratings and skin conductance responses when they were presented with neutral or fear-inducing sounds alone or in the presence of a virtual character with a varying extent of human-like features (virtual female or male person, wooden puppet, point cloud). The characters were presented using the same social framing, i.e., had the same social meaning. Our results show a significant reduction in SCR responses to fear-inducing sounds in the presence of a virtual character, but only if it is embodied as a woman or a wooden puppet. Clarifying the role of the social frame, a control study showed no social buffering effects if the wooden puppet was presented without the social frame. Our results show that the characteristics of a virtual character significantly moderate the social buffering of fear responses. Our findings shed light on the nature of virtual social buffering effects and are relevant for developing virtual applications for clinical and societal interventions.

  @article{weiss2025buffering, abstract = {The presence of a conspecific can mitigate autonomic responses to aversive stimuli, an effect known as social buffering. Nowadays, social interactions are often virtual, yet virtual social buffering effects remain poorly understood. This work presents five studies that systematically test the conditions required for virtual social buffering. We assessed participants’ emotion ratings and skin conductance responses when they were presented with neutral or fear-inducing sounds alone or in the presence of a virtual character with a varying extent of human-like features (virtual female or male person, wooden puppet, point cloud). The characters were presented using the same social framing, i.e., had the same social meaning. Our results show a significant reduction in SCR responses to fear-inducing sounds in the presence of a virtual character, but only if it is embodied as a woman or a wooden puppet. Clarifying the role of the social frame, a control study showed no social buffering effects if the wooden puppet was presented without the social frame. Our results show that the characteristics of a virtual character significantly moderate the social buffering of fear responses. Our findings shed light on the nature of virtual social buffering effects and are relevant for developing virtual applications for clinical and societal interventions.}, author = {Weiß, Martin and Krop, Philipp and Treml, Lukas and Neuser, Elias and Botsch, Mario and Herrmann, Martin J. and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Hein, Grit}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior}, keywords = {aiatwork}, month = {07}, pages = 108657, title = {The Buffering of Autonomic Fear Responses Is Moderated by the Characteristics of a Virtual Character}, volume = 168, year = 2025 }
• NewsUnfold: Creating a News-Reading Application That Indicates Linguistic Media Bias and Collects Feedback. Hinterreiter, Smi; Wessel, Martin; Schliski, Fabian; Echizen, Isao; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Spinde, Timo. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 19. 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Media bias is a multifaceted problem, leading to one-sided views and impacting decision-making. A way to address digital media bias is to detect and indicate it automatically through machine-learning methods. However, such detection is limited due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable training data. Human-in-the-loop-based feedback mechanisms have proven an effective way to facilitate the data-gathering process. Therefore, we introduce and test feedback mechanisms for the media bias domain, which we then implement on NewsUnfold, a news-reading web application to collect reader feedback on machine-generated bias highlights within online news articles. Our approach augments dataset quality by significantly increasing inter-annotator agreement by 26.31% and improving classifier performance by 2.49%. As the first human-in-the-loop application for media bias, the feedback mechanism shows that a user-centric approach to media bias data collection can return reliable data while being scalable and evaluated as easy to use. NewsUnfold demonstrates that feedback mechanisms are a promising strategy to reduce data collection expenses and continuously update datasets to changes in context.

  @article{hinterreiter2025newsunfold, abstract = {Media bias is a multifaceted problem, leading to one-sided views and impacting decision-making. A way to address digital media bias is to detect and indicate it automatically through machine-learning methods. However, such detection is limited due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable training data. Human-in-the-loop-based feedback mechanisms have proven an effective way to facilitate the data-gathering process. Therefore, we introduce and test feedback mechanisms for the media bias domain, which we then implement on NewsUnfold, a news-reading web application to collect reader feedback on machine-generated bias highlights within online news articles. Our approach augments dataset quality by significantly increasing inter-annotator agreement by 26.31% and improving classifier performance by 2.49%. As the first human-in-the-loop application for media bias, the feedback mechanism shows that a user-centric approach to media bias data collection can return reliable data while being scalable and evaluated as easy to use. NewsUnfold demonstrates that feedback mechanisms are a promising strategy to reduce data collection expenses and continuously update datasets to changes in context.}, author = {Hinterreiter, Smi and Wessel, Martin and Schliski, Fabian and Echizen, Isao and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Spinde, Timo}, journal = {Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {06}, note = {Conditionally accepted for publication}, title = {NewsUnfold: Creating a News-Reading Application That Indicates Linguistic Media Bias and Collects Feedback}, volume = 19, year = 2025 }
• The impact of algorithm awareness training on competent interaction with intelligent voice assistants. Markus, André; Baumann, Maximilian; Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas; Carolus, Astrid; Wienrich, Carolin. In Discover Education, 4(1), S. 125. 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Intelligent Voice Assistants (IVAs) have become integral to many users' daily lives, using advanced algorithms to automate various tasks. Nevertheless, many users do not understand the underlying algorithms and how they work, posing potential risks to the competent and self-determined use of IVAs. This work develops three online training modules to promote algorithm awareness, providing (1) basic knowledge of algorithms, (2) risks posed by algorithms in IVAs, and (3) scientific evidence on algorithm aversion. A total of 110 participants were studied to analyze the training effects on various perception levels relevant to IVAs, including usage perception (attitude, exploration), privacy aspects (trustworthiness, privacy control), persuasion aspects (persuasion knowledge, anthropomorphic perception), and self-determined interaction variables (reflection, indulgence). The results show that the modules increase awareness of IVA algorithms, influence user perceptions (e.g., higher exploration intentions), and promote critical engagement with IVAs (e.g., lower trustworthiness). Moreover, the modules contribute to a higher sense of privacy control, reduce persuasive perceptions of IVAs (e.g., anthropomorphic perception), and promote self-determined interaction (e.g., higher indulgent use). The modules offer a new approach to promoting the competent use of IVAs in society and provide a starting point for further research and educational institutions to increase algorithm awareness for IVAs and other AI-based systems.

  @article{Markus2025, abstract = {Intelligent Voice Assistants (IVAs) have become integral to many users' daily lives, using advanced algorithms to automate various tasks. Nevertheless, many users do not understand the underlying algorithms and how they work, posing potential risks to the competent and self-determined use of IVAs. This work develops three online training modules to promote algorithm awareness, providing (1) basic knowledge of algorithms, (2) risks posed by algorithms in IVAs, and (3) scientific evidence on algorithm aversion. A total of 110 participants were studied to analyze the training effects on various perception levels relevant to IVAs, including usage perception (attitude, exploration), privacy aspects (trustworthiness, privacy control), persuasion aspects (persuasion knowledge, anthropomorphic perception), and self-determined interaction variables (reflection, indulgence). The results show that the modules increase awareness of IVA algorithms, influence user perceptions (e.g., higher exploration intentions), and promote critical engagement with IVAs (e.g., lower trustworthiness). Moreover, the modules contribute to a higher sense of privacy control, reduce persuasive perceptions of IVAs (e.g., anthropomorphic perception), and promote self-determined interaction (e.g., higher indulgent use). The modules offer a new approach to promoting the competent use of IVAs in society and provide a starting point for further research and educational institutions to increase algorithm awareness for IVAs and other AI-based systems.}, author = {Markus, Andr{\'e} and Baumann, Maximilian and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas and Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Discover Education}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {05}, number = 1, pages = 125, title = {The impact of algorithm awareness training on competent interaction with intelligent voice assistants}, volume = 4, year = 2025 }
• Exploring the Application of Time Series Foundation Models to Network Monitoring Tasks. Wehner, Nikolas; Casas, Pedro; Dietz, Katharina; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In Computer Networks, Special Issue on Generative and Explainable AI for Internet Traffic and Network Architectures. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2025-1, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Casas, Pedro and Dietz, Katharina and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, journal = {Computer Networks, Special Issue on Generative and Explainable AI for Internet Traffic and Network Architectures}, keywords = {myown}, month = {05}, title = {Exploring the Application of Time Series Foundation Models to Network Monitoring Tasks}, year = 2025 }
• Avatars for the masses: smartphone-based reconstruction of humans for virtual reality. Menzel, Timo; Wolf, Erik; Wenninger, Stephan; Spinczyk, Niklas; Holderrieth, Lena; Wienrich, Carolin; Schwanecke, Ulrich; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Botsch, Mario. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 6. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{menzel2025avatars, author = {Menzel, Timo and Wolf, Erik and Wenninger, Stephan and Spinczyk, Niklas and Holderrieth, Lena and Wienrich, Carolin and Schwanecke, Ulrich and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Botsch, Mario}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {05}, title = {Avatars for the masses: smartphone-based reconstruction of humans for virtual reality}, volume = 6, year = 2025 }
• Virtual body image exercises for people with obesity -- results on eating behavior and body perception of the ViTraS pilot study. Gemesi, Kathrin; Döllinger, Nina; Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Keppler, Sebastian; Wenninger, Stephan; Bader, Emily; Wienrich, Carolin; Luck-Sikorski, Claudia; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Israel, Johann Habakuk; Botsch, Mario; Holzapfel, Christina. In BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 25(1), S. 176. 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  A negative body image can have an impact on developing and maintaining obesity. Using virtual reality (VR) to conduct cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an innovative approach to treat people with obesity. This multicenter non-randomized pilot study examined the feasibility and the effect on eating behavior and body perception of a newly developed VR system to conduct body image exercises.

  @article{Gemesi2025, abstract = {A negative body image can have an impact on developing and maintaining obesity. Using virtual reality (VR) to conduct cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an innovative approach to treat people with obesity. This multicenter non-randomized pilot study examined the feasibility and the effect on eating behavior and body perception of a newly developed VR system to conduct body image exercises.}, author = {Gemesi, Kathrin and D{\"o}llinger, Nina and Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Keppler, Sebastian and Wenninger, Stephan and Bader, Emily and Wienrich, Carolin and Luck-Sikorski, Claudia and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Israel, Johann Habakuk and Botsch, Mario and Holzapfel, Christina}, journal = {BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {04}, number = 1, pages = 176, title = {Virtual body image exercises for people with obesity – results on eating behavior and body perception of the ViTraS pilot study}, volume = 25, year = 2025 }
• To Cap or not to Cap: Bandwidth Capping Effects on Network Interactions and QoE of Competing Short Video Streams. Wehner, Nikolas; Karagkioules, Theodoros; Halepovic, Emir; Simonovski, Filip; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 16th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys). Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2025.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Delivering popular short video streaming services like TikTok, Instagram Reels, or YouTube Shorts, poses substantial challenges for service providers and network operators. This is not only due to high download volumes but also due to high-volume pre-loading strategies that cause high bandwidth demand variations. These strategies, designed to reduce initial delays, can additionally lead to bandwidth excess when users swipe quickly through videos and consume only a fraction of downloaded content. This creates inefficiencies and unbalanced network resource utilization, particularly in competitive bandwidth environments. To address these challenges, we investigate the effectiveness of bandwidth capping in this paper, i.e., limiting the throughput of video flows in the network. We conduct measurement studies to analyze the impact of capping on network interactions and Quality of Experience (QoE) of three popular short video services in different scenarios. We find that capping substantially reduces download volume (15% - 45% median reduction) and bandwidth excess (18% - 52% mean reduction), while bandwidth utilization fairness improves. Meanwhile, QoE surprisingly remains nearly unaffected in most cases, with only minor statistical differences in a few scenarios.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2025-1, abstract = {Delivering popular short video streaming services like TikTok, Instagram Reels, or YouTube Shorts, poses substantial challenges for service providers and network operators. This is not only due to high download volumes but also due to high-volume pre-loading strategies that cause high bandwidth demand variations. These strategies, designed to reduce initial delays, can additionally lead to bandwidth excess when users swipe quickly through videos and consume only a fraction of downloaded content. This creates inefficiencies and unbalanced network resource utilization, particularly in competitive bandwidth environments. To address these challenges, we investigate the effectiveness of bandwidth capping in this paper, i.e., limiting the throughput of video flows in the network. We conduct measurement studies to analyze the impact of capping on network interactions and Quality of Experience (QoE) of three popular short video services in different scenarios. We find that capping substantially reduces download volume (15% - 45% median reduction) and bandwidth excess (18% - 52% mean reduction), while bandwidth utilization fairness improves. Meanwhile, QoE surprisingly remains nearly unaffected in most cases, with only minor statistical differences in a few scenarios.}, address = {Stellenbosch, South Africa}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Karagkioules, Theodoros and Halepovic, Emir and Simonovski, Filip and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {16th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, title = {To Cap or not to Cap: Bandwidth Capping Effects on Network Interactions and QoE of Competing Short Video Streams}, year = 2025 }
• Owning the (Virtual) World: A Systematic Review of Psychological Ownership of Interactive Virtual Objects and Environments. Krauss, Jana; Wienrich, Carolin. In Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, von CHI ’25, S. 1–16. ACM, 2025.
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  @inproceedings{Krauss_2025, author = {Krauss, Jana and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {jkrauss}, month = {04}, pages = {1–16}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {CHI ’25}, title = {Owning the (Virtual) World: A Systematic Review of Psychological Ownership of Interactive Virtual Objects and Environments}, year = 2025 }
• Modeling and Analyzing the Influence of Non-Item Pages on Sequential Next-Item Prediction. Fischer, Elisabeth; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In ACM Trans. Recomm. Syst. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2025.
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  Analyzing sequences of interactions between users and items, sequential recommendation models can learn user intent and make predictions about the next item. Next to item interactions, most systems also have interactions with what we call non-item pages: these pages are not related to specific items but still can provide insights into the user’s interests, as, for example, navigation pages. We therefore propose a general way to include these non-item pages in sequential recommendation models to enhance next-item prediction. First, we demonstrate the influence of non-item pages on following interactions using the hypotheses testing framework HypTrails and propose methods for representing non-item pages in sequential recommendation models. Subsequently, we adapt popular sequential recommender models to integrate non-item pages and investigate their performance with different item representation strategies as well as their ability to handle noisy data. To show the general capabilities of the models to integrate non-item pages, we create a synthetic dataset for a controlled setting and then evaluate the improvements from including non-item pages on two real-world datasets. Our results show that non-item pages are a valuable source of information, and incorporating them in sequential recommendation models increases the performance of next-item prediction across all analyzed model architectures.

  @article{fischer2025modeling, abstract = {Analyzing sequences of interactions between users and items, sequential recommendation models can learn user intent and make predictions about the next item. Next to item interactions, most systems also have interactions with what we call non-item pages: these pages are not related to specific items but still can provide insights into the user’s interests, as, for example, navigation pages. We therefore propose a general way to include these non-item pages in sequential recommendation models to enhance next-item prediction. First, we demonstrate the influence of non-item pages on following interactions using the hypotheses testing framework HypTrails and propose methods for representing non-item pages in sequential recommendation models. Subsequently, we adapt popular sequential recommender models to integrate non-item pages and investigate their performance with different item representation strategies as well as their ability to handle noisy data. To show the general capabilities of the models to integrate non-item pages, we create a synthetic dataset for a controlled setting and then evaluate the improvements from including non-item pages on two real-world datasets. Our results show that non-item pages are a valuable source of information, and incorporating them in sequential recommendation models increases the performance of next-item prediction across all analyzed model architectures.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Fischer, Elisabeth and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas and Schlör, Daniel}, journal = {ACM Trans. Recomm. Syst.}, keywords = {author:zehe}, month = {03}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Modeling and Analyzing the Influence of Non-Item Pages on Sequential Next-Item Prediction}, year = 2025 }
• DFG Research Unit 5696 SOS: Serverless Scientific Computing and Engineering for Earth Observation and Sustainability Research. Kounev, Samuel. Invited Talk at the Annual Meeting of GIBU 2025 (Beirat der Universitätsprofessorinnen und -professoren in der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.), Schloss Dagstuhl, Wadern, Germany, 2025, Mai 14.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @misc{Talk-kounev2025-GIBU, address = {Schloss Dagstuhl, Wadern, Germany}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {05}, note = {https://www.dagstuhl.de/de/seminars/seminar-calendar/seminar-details/25163}, publisher = {Invited Talk at the Annual Meeting of GIBU 2025 (Beirat der Universitätsprofessorinnen und -professoren in der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.)}, title = {{DFG Research Unit 5696 SOS: Serverless Scientific Computing and Engineering for Earth Observation and Sustainability Research}}, year = 2025 }
• Does Task Matter? Task-Dependent Effects of Cross-Device Collaboration on Social Presence. Merz, Christian; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW). IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
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  In this work, we explored asymmetric collaboration under two distinct tasks: collaborative sorting and conversational talking tasks. We answer the research question of how different tasks impact the user experience in asymmetric interaction. Our mixed design compared one symmetric and one asymmetric interaction and two tasks, assessing self-perception (presence, embodiment), other-perception (co-presence, social presence, plausibility), and task perception (task load, enjoyment). 52 participants collaborated in dyads on the two tasks, either using head-mounted displays (HMDs) or one participant using an HMD and the other a desktop setup. Results indicate that differences in social presence diminished or disappeared during the purely conversational talking task in comparison to the sorting task. This indicates that differences in how we perceive a social interaction, which is caused by asymmetric interaction, only occur during specific use cases. These findings underscore the critical role of task characteristics in shaping users’ social XR experiences and highlight that asymmetric collaboration can be effective across different use cases and is even on par with symmetric interaction during conversations.

  @inproceedings{merz2025taskasymmetry, abstract = {In this work, we explored asymmetric collaboration under two distinct tasks: collaborative sorting and conversational talking tasks. We answer the research question of how different tasks impact the user experience in asymmetric interaction. Our mixed design compared one symmetric and one asymmetric interaction and two tasks, assessing self-perception (presence, embodiment), other-perception (co-presence, social presence, plausibility), and task perception (task load, enjoyment). 52 participants collaborated in dyads on the two tasks, either using head-mounted displays (HMDs) or one participant using an HMD and the other a desktop setup. Results indicate that differences in social presence diminished or disappeared during the purely conversational talking task in comparison to the sorting task. This indicates that differences in how we perceive a social interaction, which is caused by asymmetric interaction, only occur during specific use cases. These findings underscore the critical role of task characteristics in shaping users’ social XR experiences and highlight that asymmetric collaboration can be effective across different use cases and is even on par with symmetric interaction during conversations.}, author = {Merz, Christian and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW)}, keywords = {merz}, month = {03}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {Does Task Matter? Task-Dependent Effects of Cross-Device Collaboration on Social Presence}, year = 2025 }
• Enriching Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Computational Literary Studies. Hagen, Thora; Omeliyanenko, Janna; Ehrmanntraut, Anton; Hotho, Andreas; Zehe, Albin; Jannidis, Fotis. In Handbook on Neurosymbolic AI and Knowledge Graphs. IOS Press, 2025.
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  @inbook{hagen2025enriching, author = {Hagen, Thora and Omeliyanenko, Janna and Ehrmanntraut, Anton and Hotho, Andreas and Zehe, Albin and Jannidis, Fotis}, booktitle = {Handbook on Neurosymbolic AI and Knowledge Graphs}, keywords = {knowledge}, month = {03}, publisher = {IOS Press}, title = {Enriching Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Computational Literary Studies}, year = 2025 }
• Towards Understanding Harassment in Social Virtual Reality: A Study Design on the Impact of Avatar Self-Similarity. Tschanter, Jonathan; Merz, Christian; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW). IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
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  In social virtual reality (VR), harassment persists as a pervasive and critical issue. Prior work emphasizes its perceived realness and emotional impact. However, the influence of avatar design, particularly the role of self-similarity, remains underexplored. Self-similar avatars can enhance user identification and engagement, yet potentially intensify the psychological and physiological effects of harassment. Existing studies often rely on interviews or user-generated content, lacking systematic analysis and controlled comparisons. To address these gaps, we present a process for creating realistic VR harassment scenarios. We built a scenario based on existing literature and validated it with expert reviews and user feedback. We propose a 2 x 2 between-subjects design to systematically examine users' emotional and physiological states, their identification with avatars, and the effects of avatar self-similarity. The study design will deepen the understanding of harassment dynamics in VR. Additionally, it can provide actionable insights for designing safer, more inclusive virtual environments that promote user well-being and foster equitable communities.

  @inproceedings{tschanter2025harassment, abstract = {In social virtual reality (VR), harassment persists as a pervasive and critical issue. Prior work emphasizes its perceived realness and emotional impact. However, the influence of avatar design, particularly the role of self-similarity, remains underexplored. Self-similar avatars can enhance user identification and engagement, yet potentially intensify the psychological and physiological effects of harassment. Existing studies often rely on interviews or user-generated content, lacking systematic analysis and controlled comparisons. To address these gaps, we present a process for creating realistic VR harassment scenarios. We built a scenario based on existing literature and validated it with expert reviews and user feedback. We propose a 2 x 2 between-subjects design to systematically examine users' emotional and physiological states, their identification with avatars, and the effects of avatar self-similarity. The study design will deepen the understanding of harassment dynamics in VR. Additionally, it can provide actionable insights for designing safer, more inclusive virtual environments that promote user well-being and foster equitable communities.}, author = {Tschanter, Jonathan and Merz, Christian and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW)}, keywords = {merz}, month = {03}, note = {IDEATExR Best Paper 🏆}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {Towards Understanding Harassment in Social Virtual Reality: A Study Design on the Impact of Avatar Self-Similarity}, year = 2025 }
• Server Energy Efficiency Benchmarks. von Kistowski, J’oakim; Meißner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Arnold, Jeremy A. In Systems Benchmarking: For Scientists and Engineers, S. 247–265. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025.
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  This chapter starts by introducing the fundamentals of power and efficiency measurements and then describes a power and performance benchmark methodology developed by the SPECpower committee for commodity servers. It is designed to characterize and rate the energy efficiency of a system under test for multiple load levels, showcasing load level differences in system behavior regarding energy efficiency. The methodology was first implemented in the SPECpower_ssj 2008 benchmark and later extended with more workloads, metrics, and other application areas for the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) suite. The SERT suite was developed to fill the need for a rating tool that can be utilized by government agencies in their regulatory programs, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the use in their ENERGY STAR program for servers.

  @incollection{sbBookSecondEd, abstract = {This chapter starts by introducing the fundamentals of power and efficiency measurements and then describes a power and performance benchmark methodology developed by the SPECpower committee for commodity servers. It is designed to characterize and rate the energy efficiency of a system under test for multiple load levels, showcasing load level differences in system behavior regarding energy efficiency. The methodology was first implemented in the SPECpower{_}ssj 2008 benchmark and later extended with more workloads, metrics, and other application areas for the SPEC Server Efficiency Rating Tool (SERT) suite. The SERT suite was developed to fill the need for a rating tool that can be utilized by government agencies in their regulatory programs, for example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the use in their ENERGY STAR program for servers.}, address = {Cham}, author = {von Kistowski, J{'o}akim and Mei{\ss}ner, Maximilian and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Arnold, Jeremy A.}, booktitle = {Systems Benchmarking: For Scientists and Engineers}, keywords = {t_bookchapter}, pages = {247–265}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {Server Energy Efficiency Benchmarks}, year = 2025 }
• DRAMPower 5: An Open-Source Power Simulator for Current Generation DRAM Standards. Steiner, Lukas; Psota, Thomas; Mörz, Marco; Christ, Derek; Jung, Matthias; Norbert, Wehn. In RAPIDO 2025 Workshop. ACM, Barcelona, Spain, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{stepso_25, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, author = {Steiner, Lukas and Psota, Thomas and M{\"o}rz, Marco and Christ, Derek and Jung, Matthias and Norbert, Wehn}, booktitle = {{{RAPIDO}} 2025 {{Workshop}}}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{{DRAMPower}} 5: {{An Open-Source Power Simulator}} for {{Current Generation DRAM Standards}}}, year = 2025 }
• Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity. Herbst, Nikolas; Kortmann, Mareike; Jaggy, Niklas; Thonfeld, Frank; Abad, Christina; Künzer, Claudia; Müller, Jörg; Kounev, Samuel. In Communications of the ACM. 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{herbst2025continuous, author = {Herbst, Nikolas and Kortmann, Mareike and Jaggy, Niklas and Thonfeld, Frank and Abad, Christina and Künzer, Claudia and Müller, Jörg and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Communications of the ACM}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {to appear}, title = {Continuous Earth Observation of Forest Dynamics and Biodiversity}, year = 2025 }
• Measuring and Improving the Quality of Experience of Trending Internet Applications in Mobile Networks. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Seufert, Anika. PhD dissertation. University of Würzburg, 2025, Januar.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @phdthesis{info3-dissertation-2025-1, author = {Seufert, Anika}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, school = {University of Würzburg}, title = {Measuring and Improving the Quality of Experience of Trending Internet Applications in Mobile Networks}, year = 2025 }
• My Co-worker ChatGPT: Development of an XR Application for Embodied Artificial Intelligence in Work Environments. Krop, Philipp; Obremski, David; Carolus, Astrid; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW). IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
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  With recent developments in spatial computing, work contexts might shift to augmented reality. Embodied AI - virtual conversa- tional agents backed by AI systems - have the potential to enhance these contexts and open up more communication channels than just text. To support knowledge transfer from virtual agent research to the general populace, we developed My CoWorker ChatGPT - an interactive demo where employees can try out various embodied AIs in a virtual office or their own using augmented reality. We use state-of-the-art speech synthesis and body-scanning technology to create believable and trustworthy AI assistants. The demo was shown at multiple events throughout Germany, where it was well received and sparked fruitful conversations about the possibilities of embodied AI in work contexts.

  @inproceedings{krop2025coworker, abstract = {With recent developments in spatial computing, work contexts might shift to augmented reality. Embodied AI - virtual conversa- tional agents backed by AI systems - have the potential to enhance these contexts and open up more communication channels than just text. To support knowledge transfer from virtual agent research to the general populace, we developed My CoWorker ChatGPT - an interactive demo where employees can try out various embodied AIs in a virtual office or their own using augmented reality. We use state-of-the-art speech synthesis and body-scanning technology to create believable and trustworthy AI assistants. The demo was shown at multiple events throughout Germany, where it was well received and sparked fruitful conversations about the possibilities of embodied AI in work contexts.}, author = {Krop, Philipp and Obremski, David and Carolus, Astrid and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW)}, keywords = {aiatwork}, month = {03}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {My Co-worker ChatGPT: Development of an XR Application for Embodied Artificial Intelligence in Work Environments}, year = 2025 }
• Evaluating VR and AR Mirror Exposure for Anorexia Nervosa Therapy in Adolescents: A Method Proposal for Understanding Stakeholder Perspectives. Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Bürger, Arne; Mittermeier, Sabrina; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW), S. 965–970. IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
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  Body image distortions in anorexia nervosa pose significant therapeutic challenges, requiring innovative interventions. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies offer promising solutions, yet stakeholder preferences, from therapists and patients, remain unexplored. This methodological proposal outlines focus groups to compare VR and AR mirror exposures using personalized and body-weight-modifiable avatars in anorexia nervosa therapy. Therapists will evaluate therapeutic potential, risks, and practicality, while adolescent patients will assess comfort, stress responses, and usability. The findings aim to advance the user-centered integration of VR and AR into anorexia nervosa therapy, addressing critical treatment gaps.

  @inproceedings{fiedler2025evaluating, abstract = {Body image distortions in anorexia nervosa pose significant therapeutic challenges, requiring innovative interventions. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies offer promising solutions, yet stakeholder preferences, from therapists and patients, remain unexplored. This methodological proposal outlines focus groups to compare VR and AR mirror exposures using personalized and body-weight-modifiable avatars in anorexia nervosa therapy. Therapists will evaluate therapeutic potential, risks, and practicality, while adolescent patients will assess comfort, stress responses, and usability. The findings aim to advance the user-centered integration of VR and AR into anorexia nervosa therapy, addressing critical treatment gaps.}, author = {Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Bürger, Arne and Mittermeier, Sabrina and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2025 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (IEEE VRW)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, month = {03}, pages = {965-970}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {Evaluating VR and AR Mirror Exposure for Anorexia Nervosa Therapy in Adolescents: A Method Proposal for Understanding Stakeholder Perspectives}, year = 2025 }
• Interpupillary to Inter-Camera Distance of Video See-Through AR and its Impact on Depth Perception. Westermeier, Franziska; Murmu, Chandni; Kohm, Kristopher; Pagano, Christopher; Wienrich, Carolin; V. Babu, Sabarish; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR ’25), S. 537–547. 2025.
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  Interpupillary distance (IPD) is a crucial characteristic of head-mounted displays (HMDs) because it defines an important property for generating a stereoscopic parallax, which is essential for correct depth perception. This is why contemporary HMDs offer adjustable lenses to adapt to users' individual IPDs. However, today's Video See-Through Augmented Reality (VST AR) HMDs use fixed camera placements to reconstruct the stereoscopic view of a user's environment. This leads to a potential mismatch between individual IPD settings and the fixed Inter-Camera Distances (ICD), which in turn can lead to perceptual incongruencies, limiting the usability and potentially the applicability of VST AR in depth-sensitive use cases. To investigate this incongruency between IPD and ICD, we conducted a 2x3 mixed-factor design empirical evaluation using a near-field, open-loop reaching task comparing distance judgments of Virtual Reality (VR) and VST AR. We also explored improvements in reaching performance via perceptual calibration by incorporating a feedback phase between pre- and post-phase conditions, with a particular focus on the influence of IPD-ICD differences. Our Linear Mixed Model (LMM) analysis showed a significant difference between VR and VST AR, a significant effect of IPD-ICD mismatch, as well as a combined effect of both factors. This novel insight and its consequences are discussed specifically for depth perception tasks in AR, eXtended Reality (XR), and potential use cases.

  @inproceedings{westermeier2025interpupillary, abstract = {Interpupillary distance (IPD) is a crucial characteristic of head-mounted displays (HMDs) because it defines an important property for generating a stereoscopic parallax, which is essential for correct depth perception. This is why contemporary HMDs offer adjustable lenses to adapt to users' individual IPDs. However, today's Video See-Through Augmented Reality (VST AR) HMDs use fixed camera placements to reconstruct the stereoscopic view of a user's environment. This leads to a potential mismatch between individual IPD settings and the fixed Inter-Camera Distances (ICD), which in turn can lead to perceptual incongruencies, limiting the usability and potentially the applicability of VST AR in depth-sensitive use cases. To investigate this incongruency between IPD and ICD, we conducted a 2x3 mixed-factor design empirical evaluation using a near-field, open-loop reaching task comparing distance judgments of Virtual Reality (VR) and VST AR. We also explored improvements in reaching performance via perceptual calibration by incorporating a feedback phase between pre- and post-phase conditions, with a particular focus on the influence of IPD-ICD differences. Our Linear Mixed Model (LMM) analysis showed a significant difference between VR and VST AR, a significant effect of IPD-ICD mismatch, as well as a combined effect of both factors. This novel insight and its consequences are discussed specifically for depth perception tasks in AR, eXtended Reality (XR), and potential use cases.}, author = {Westermeier, Franziska and Murmu, Chandni and Kohm, Kristopher and Pagano, Christopher and Wienrich, Carolin and V. Babu, Sabarish and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR '25)}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {03}, pages = {537-547}, title = {Interpupillary to Inter-Camera Distance of Video See-Through AR and its Impact on Depth Perception}, year = 2025 }
• Ausbildung Mit 50Ohm.de. Jung, Matthias. In Amateurfunk-Tagung München. München, 2025.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{jun_25, address = {München}, author = {Jung, Matthias}, booktitle = {Amateurfunk-Tagung München}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, title = {Ausbildung Mit {{50Ohm}}.de}, year = 2025 }
• When Fear Overshadows Perceived Plausibility: The Influence of Incongruencies on Acrophobia in VR. Brübach, Larissa; Celikhan, Deniz; Rüffert, Lennard; Westermeier, Franziska; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In . IEEE Computer Science, 2025.
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  Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has become an effective, customizable, and affordable treatment for various psychological and physiological disorders. Specifically, it is used to treat specific anxiety disorders, such as acrophobia or arachnophobia, for decades. However, to ensure a positive outcome for patients, we must understand and control the effects potentially caused by the technology and medium of Virtual Reality (VR) itself. This article specifically investigates the impact of the Plausibility illusion (Psi), as one of the two theorized presence components, on the fear of heights. In two experiments, 30 participants each experienced two different heights with congruent and incongruent object behaviors in a 2 x 2 within-subject design. Results show that the strength of the congruence manipulation plays a significant role. Only when incongruencies are strong enough will they be recognized by users, specifically in high fear conditions, as triggered by exposure to increased heights. If incongruencies are too subtle, they seem to be overshadowed by the stronger fear reactions. Our evidence contributes to recent theories of VR effects and emphasizes the importance of understanding and controlling factors potentially assumed to be incidental, specifically during VRET designs. Incongruencies should be controlled so that they do not have an unwanted influence on the patient's fear response.

  @proceedings{brubach2025overshadows, abstract = {Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has become an effective, customizable, and affordable treatment for various psychological and physiological disorders. Specifically, it is used to treat specific anxiety disorders, such as acrophobia or arachnophobia, for decades. However, to ensure a positive outcome for patients, we must understand and control the effects potentially caused by the technology and medium of Virtual Reality (VR) itself. This article specifically investigates the impact of the Plausibility illusion (Psi), as one of the two theorized presence components, on the fear of heights. In two experiments, 30 participants each experienced two different heights with congruent and incongruent object behaviors in a 2 x 2 within-subject design. Results show that the strength of the congruence manipulation plays a significant role. Only when incongruencies are strong enough will they be recognized by users, specifically in high fear conditions, as triggered by exposure to increased heights. If incongruencies are too subtle, they seem to be overshadowed by the stronger fear reactions. Our evidence contributes to recent theories of VR effects and emphasizes the importance of understanding and controlling factors potentially assumed to be incidental, specifically during VRET designs. Incongruencies should be controlled so that they do not have an unwanted influence on the patient's fear response.}, author = {Brübach, Larissa and Celikhan, Deniz and Rüffert, Lennard and Westermeier, Franziska and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR '25)}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {03}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Science}, title = {When Fear Overshadows Perceived Plausibility: The Influence of Incongruencies on Acrophobia in VR}, year = 2025 }

• Inference of Sequential Patterns for Neural Message Passing in Temporal Graphs. von Pichowski, Jan; Perri, Vincenzo; Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2406.16552. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2406-16552, author = {von Pichowski, Jan and Perri, Vincenzo and Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Inference of Sequential Patterns for Neural Message Passing in Temporal Graphs.}, volume = {abs/2406.16552}, year = 2024 }
• The Way You See Me - Comparing Results from Online Video-Taped and In-Person Robotic Storytelling Research. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Heckel, Martin; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024), S. 1018–1022. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  During the covid-19 pandemic researchers had to find alternative ways to conduct experiments since lab-based studies were prohibited due to lock-downs and social distancing. Video-taping robots and conducting online studies is an easy approach to solve this issue, however, it is unclear whether results from online video-based studies are comparable to in-person experiments. As displaying recordings to participants in online studies is especially easy when it comes to robotic storytelling, we chose this use case for a comparison of the two methodologies and conducted a study with a NAO robot telling a humorous story with or without additional sound usage in an online- respectively lab-setting. Although differences between the presentation modes were found for robot perception, emotion induction, and storytelling experience, the main effect of sound integration did not differ between the two presentation modes, suggesting the comparability of results obtained from online video-based studies on robotic storytelling.

  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2024liveonline, abstract = {During the covid-19 pandemic researchers had to find alternative ways to conduct experiments since lab-based studies were prohibited due to lock-downs and social distancing. Video-taping robots and conducting online studies is an easy approach to solve this issue, however, it is unclear whether results from online video-based studies are comparable to in-person experiments. As displaying recordings to participants in online studies is especially easy when it comes to robotic storytelling, we chose this use case for a comparison of the two methodologies and conducted a study with a NAO robot telling a humorous story with or without additional sound usage in an online- respectively lab-setting. Although differences between the presentation modes were found for robot perception, emotion induction, and storytelling experience, the main effect of sound integration did not differ between the two presentation modes, suggesting the comparability of results obtained from online video-based studies on robotic storytelling.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Heckel, Martin and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {1018–1022}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {The Way You See Me - Comparing Results from Online Video-Taped and In-Person Robotic Storytelling Research}, year = 2024 }
• Attack-Aware Security Function Chaining. Iffländer, Lukas; Beierlieb, Lukas; Kounev, Samuel. In Electronics, 13(17). 2024.
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  Cyberattacks have become more frequent and more violent in recent years. To date, defensive infrastructure has been relatively static, and security functions are usually placed in a common order that does not depend on the current situation. We propose the concept of attack-aware Security Service Function Chain reordering. The idea is to change the order of security functions depending on the malicious traffic observed. We present the basic idea, evaluate the impact of the function chain order, and introduce a framework for function chain reordering. Our evaluation shows that the order often has a significant impact on the performance of the security function chain and that there is no single order that outperforms all other orders in every situation. The proposed proof-of-concept framework successfully validates the feasibility of attack-aware security function chain reordering, and we propose additional extensions to eliminate the remaining deficiencies.

  @article{electronics13173357, abstract = {Cyberattacks have become more frequent and more violent in recent years. To date, defensive infrastructure has been relatively static, and security functions are usually placed in a common order that does not depend on the current situation. We propose the concept of attack-aware Security Service Function Chain reordering. The idea is to change the order of security functions depending on the malicious traffic observed. We present the basic idea, evaluate the impact of the function chain order, and introduce a framework for function chain reordering. Our evaluation shows that the order often has a significant impact on the performance of the security function chain and that there is no single order that outperforms all other orders in every situation. The proposed proof-of-concept framework successfully validates the feasibility of attack-aware security function chain reordering, and we propose additional extensions to eliminate the remaining deficiencies.}, author = {Iffländer, Lukas and Beierlieb, Lukas and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Electronics}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 17, title = {Attack-Aware Security Function Chaining}, volume = 13, year = 2024 }
• Out-Of-Virtual-Body Experiences: Virtual Disembodiment Effects on Time Perception in VR. Unruh, Fabian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’24, B. Weyers, D. Zielasko, R. Lindeman, S. Serafin, E. Langbehn, V. Interrante, G. Bruder, J. E. S. II, C. Borst, C. Wienrich, R. Fribourg (Hrsg.), S. 20:1–20:11. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  This paper presents a novel experiment investigating the relationship between virtual disembodiment and time perception in Virtual Reality (VR). Recent work demonstrated that the absence of a virtual body in a VR application changes the perception of time. However, the effects of simulating an out-of-body experience (OBE) in VR on time perception are still unclear. We designed an experiment with two types of virtual disembodiment techniques based on viewpoint gradual transition: a virtual body’s behind view and facing view transitions. We investigated their effects on forty-four participants in an interactive scenario where a lamp was repeatedly activated and time intervals were estimated. Our results show that, while both techniques elicited a significant virtual disembodiment perception, time duration estimations in the minute range were only shorter in the facing view compared to the eye view condition. We believe that reducing agency in the facing view is a key factor in the time perception alteration. This provides first steps towards a novel approach to manipulating time perception in VR, with potential applications for mental health treatments such as schizophrenia or depression and for improving our understanding of the relation between body, virtual body, and time.

  @inproceedings{conf/vrst/UnruhLL24, abstract = {This paper presents a novel experiment investigating the relationship between virtual disembodiment and time perception in Virtual Reality (VR). Recent work demonstrated that the absence of a virtual body in a VR application changes the perception of time. However, the effects of simulating an out-of-body experience (OBE) in VR on time perception are still unclear. We designed an experiment with two types of virtual disembodiment techniques based on viewpoint gradual transition: a virtual body’s behind view and facing view transitions. We investigated their effects on forty-four participants in an interactive scenario where a lamp was repeatedly activated and time intervals were estimated. Our results show that, while both techniques elicited a significant virtual disembodiment perception, time duration estimations in the minute range were only shorter in the facing view compared to the eye view condition. We believe that reducing agency in the facing view is a key factor in the time perception alteration. This provides first steps towards a novel approach to manipulating time perception in VR, with potential applications for mental health treatments such as schizophrenia or depression and for improving our understanding of the relation between body, virtual body, and time.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Unruh, Fabian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, crossref = {conf/vrst/2024}, editor = {Weyers, Benjamin and Zielasko, Daniel and Lindeman, Rob and Serafin, Stefania and Langbehn, Eike and Interrante, Victoria and Bruder, Gerd and II, J. Edward Swan and Borst, Christoph and Wienrich, Carolin and Fribourg, Rebecca}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, number = 20, pages = {20:1-20:11}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '24}, title = {Out-Of-Virtual-Body Experiences: Virtual Disembodiment Effects on Time Perception in VR}, year = 2024 }
• Virtual Body Swapping: A VR-Based Approach to Embodied Third-Person Self-Processing in Mind-Body Therapy. Döllinger, Nina; Mal, David; Keppler, Sebastian; Wolf, Erik; Botsch, Mario; Israel, Johann Habakuk; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, S. 1–18. 2024.
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  Virtual reality (VR) offers various opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches, especially regarding self-related mind-body interventions. We introduce a VR body swap system enabling multiple users to swap their perspectives and appearances and evaluate its effects on virtual sense of embodiment (SoE) and perception- and cognition-based self-related processes. In a self-compassion-framed scenario, twenty participants embodied their personalized, photorealistic avatar, swapped bodies with an unfamiliar peer, and reported their SoE, interoceptive awareness (perception), and self-compassion (cognition). Participants' experiences differed between bottom-up and top-down processes. Regarding SoE, their agency and self-location shifted to the swap avatar, while their top-down self-identification remained with their personalized avatar. Further, the experience positively affected interoceptive awareness but not self-compassion. Our outcomes offer novel insights into the SoE in a multiple-embodiment scenario and highlight the need to differentiate between the different processes in intervention design. They raise concerns and requirements for future research on avatar-based mind-body interventions.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2024bodyswap, abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) offers various opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches, especially regarding self-related mind-body interventions. We introduce a VR body swap system enabling multiple users to swap their perspectives and appearances and evaluate its effects on virtual sense of embodiment (SoE) and perception- and cognition-based self-related processes. In a self-compassion-framed scenario, twenty participants embodied their personalized, photorealistic avatar, swapped bodies with an unfamiliar peer, and reported their SoE, interoceptive awareness (perception), and self-compassion (cognition). Participants' experiences differed between bottom-up and top-down processes. Regarding SoE, their agency and self-location shifted to the swap avatar, while their top-down self-identification remained with their personalized avatar. Further, the experience positively affected interoceptive awareness but not self-compassion. Our outcomes offer novel insights into the SoE in a multiple-embodiment scenario and highlight the need to differentiate between the different processes in intervention design. They raise concerns and requirements for future research on avatar-based mind-body interventions.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Mal, David and Keppler, Sebastian and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Israel, Johann Habakuk and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {1-18}, title = {Virtual Body Swapping: A VR-Based Approach to Embodied Third-Person Self-Processing in Mind-Body Therapy}, year = 2024 }
• Experimental Immersive 3D Camera Setup for Mobile Phones. Scheuerpflug, Felix; Aulbach, Christian; Pohl, Daniel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 881–882. IEEE, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{Scheuerpflug:2024aa, author = {Scheuerpflug, Felix and Aulbach, Christian and Pohl, Daniel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {myown}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {881–882}, title = {Experimental Immersive 3D Camera Setup for Mobile Phones}, year = 2024 }
• Individual-, System-, and Application-Related Factors Influencing the Perception of Virtual Humans in Virtual Environments. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Wolf, Erik. PhD dissertation. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 2024.
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  Mixed, augmented, and virtual reality, collectively known as extended reality (XR), allows users to immerse themselves in virtual environments and engage in experiences surpassing reality's boundaries. Virtual humans are ubiquitous in such virtual environments and can be utilized for myriad purposes, offering the potential to greatly impact daily life. Through the embodiment of virtual humans, XR offers the opportunity to influence how we see ourselves and others. In this function, virtual humans serve as a predefined stimulus whose perception is elementary for researchers, application designers, and developers to understand. This dissertation aims to investigate the influence of individual-, system-, and application-related factors on the perception of virtual humans in virtual environments, focusing on their potential use as stimuli in the domain of body perception. Individual-related factors encompass influences based on the user's characteristics, such as appearance, attitudes, and concerns. System-related factors relate to the technical properties of the system that implements the virtual environment, such as the level of immersion. Application-related factors refer to design choices and specific implementations of virtual humans within virtual environments, such as their rendering or animation style. This dissertation provides a contextual framework and reviews the relevant literature on factors influencing the perception of virtual humans. To address identified research gaps, it reports on five empirical studies analyzing quantitative and qualitative data from a total of 165 participants. The studies utilized a custom-developed XR system, enabling users to embody rapidly generated, photorealistically personalized virtual humans that can be realistically altered in body weight and observed using different immersive XR displays. The dissertation's findings showed, for example, that embodiment and personalization of virtual humans serve as self-related cues and moderate the perception of their body weight based on the user's body weight. They also revealed a display bias that significantly influences the perception of virtual humans, with disparities in body weight perception of up to nine percent between different immersive XR displays. Based on all findings, implications for application design were derived, including recommendations regarding reconstruction, animation, body weight modification, and body weight estimation methods for virtual humans, but also for the general user experience. By revealing influences on the perception of virtual humans, this dissertation contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between users and virtual humans. The findings and implications presented have the potential to enhance the design and development of virtual humans, leading to improved user experiences and broader applications beyond the domain of body perception.

  @phdthesis{wolf2024thesis, abstract = {Mixed, augmented, and virtual reality, collectively known as extended reality (XR), allows users to immerse themselves in virtual environments and engage in experiences surpassing reality's boundaries. Virtual humans are ubiquitous in such virtual environments and can be utilized for myriad purposes, offering the potential to greatly impact daily life. Through the embodiment of virtual humans, XR offers the opportunity to influence how we see ourselves and others. In this function, virtual humans serve as a predefined stimulus whose perception is elementary for researchers, application designers, and developers to understand. This dissertation aims to investigate the influence of individual-, system-, and application-related factors on the perception of virtual humans in virtual environments, focusing on their potential use as stimuli in the domain of body perception. Individual-related factors encompass influences based on the user's characteristics, such as appearance, attitudes, and concerns. System-related factors relate to the technical properties of the system that implements the virtual environment, such as the level of immersion. Application-related factors refer to design choices and specific implementations of virtual humans within virtual environments, such as their rendering or animation style. This dissertation provides a contextual framework and reviews the relevant literature on factors influencing the perception of virtual humans. To address identified research gaps, it reports on five empirical studies analyzing quantitative and qualitative data from a total of 165 participants. The studies utilized a custom-developed XR system, enabling users to embody rapidly generated, photorealistically personalized virtual humans that can be realistically altered in body weight and observed using different immersive XR displays. The dissertation's findings showed, for example, that embodiment and personalization of virtual humans serve as self-related cues and moderate the perception of their body weight based on the user's body weight. They also revealed a display bias that significantly influences the perception of virtual humans, with disparities in body weight perception of up to nine percent between different immersive XR displays. Based on all findings, implications for application design were derived, including recommendations regarding reconstruction, animation, body weight modification, and body weight estimation methods for virtual humans, but also for the general user experience. By revealing influences on the perception of virtual humans, this dissertation contributes to understanding the intricate relationship between users and virtual humans. The findings and implications presented have the potential to enhance the design and development of virtual humans, leading to improved user experiences and broader applications beyond the domain of body perception.}, author = {Wolf, Erik}, keywords = {myown}, note = {PhD Thesis}, school = {Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg}, title = {Individual-, System-, and Application-Related Factors Influencing the Perception of Virtual Humans in Virtual Environments}, year = 2024 }
• KI 2024: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 47th German Conference on AI, Würzburg, Germany, September 25-27, 2024, Proceedings. Hotho, Andreas; Rudolph, Sebastian. In Bd. 14992 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2024.
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  @proceedings{hotho2024advances, editor = {Hotho, Andreas and Rudolph, Sebastian}, keywords = 2024, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {{KI} 2024: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 47th German Conference on AI, W{\"{u}}rzburg, Germany, September 25-27, 2024, Proceedings}, volume = 14992, year = 2024 }
• LLäMmlein: Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch. Pfister, Jan; Wunderle, Julia; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2411.11171. 2024.
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  @article{pfister2024llammlein, author = {Pfister, Jan and Wunderle, Julia and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {LL{\"{a}}Mmlein: Compact and Competitive German-Only Language Models from Scratch}, volume = {abs/2411.11171}, year = 2024 }
• GrINd: Grid Interpolation Network for Scattered Observations. Dulny, Andrzej; Heinisch, Paul; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2024, Vilnius, Lithuania, September 9-13, 2024, Proceedings, Part VII, Bd. 14947 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, A. Bifet, J. Davis, T. Krilavicius, M. Kull, E. Ntoutsi, I. Zliobaite (Hrsg.), S. 177–193. Springer, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{dulny2024grind, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Heinisch, Paul and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, booktitle = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Research Track - European Conference, {ECML} {PKDD} 2024, Vilnius, Lithuania, September 9-13, 2024, Proceedings, Part {VII}}, editor = {Bifet, Albert and Davis, Jesse and Krilavicius, Tomas and Kull, Meelis and Ntoutsi, Eirini and Zliobaite, Indre}, keywords = 2024, pages = {177–193}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {GrINd: Grid Interpolation Network for Scattered Observations}, volume = 14947, year = 2024 }
• OtterlyObsessedWithSemantics at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Developing a Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification Head for Large Language Models. Wunderle, Julia; Schubert, Julian; Cacciatore, Antonella; Zehe, Albin; Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 20-21, 2024, A. K. Ojha, A. S. Dogruöz, H. T. Madabushi, G. D. S. Martino, S. Rosenthal, A. Rosá (Hrsg.), S. 602–612. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{wunderle2024otterlyobsessedwithsemantics, author = {Wunderle, Julia and Schubert, Julian and Cacciatore, Antonella and Zehe, Albin and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 20-21, 2024}, editor = {Ojha, Atul Kr. and Dogru{\"{o}}z, A. Seza and Madabushi, Harish Tayyar and Martino, Giovanni Da San and Rosenthal, Sara and Ros{\'{a}}, Aiala}, keywords = 2024, pages = {602–612}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {OtterlyObsessedWithSemantics at SemEval-2024 Task 4: Developing a Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification Head for Large Language Models}, year = 2024 }
• Pollice Verso at SemEval-2024 Task 6: The Roman Empire Strikes Back. Kobs, Konstantin; Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 20-21, 2024, A. K. Ojha, A. S. Dogruöz, H. T. Madabushi, G. D. S. Martino, S. Rosenthal, A. Rosá (Hrsg.), S. 1529–1536. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{kobs2024pollice, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 20-21, 2024}, editor = {Ojha, Atul Kr. and Dogru{\"{o}}z, A. Seza and Madabushi, Harish Tayyar and Martino, Giovanni Da San and Rosenthal, Sara and Ros{\'{a}}, Aiala}, keywords = 2024, pages = {1529–1536}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {Pollice Verso at SemEval-2024 Task 6: The Roman Empire Strikes Back}, year = 2024 }
• BibSonomy Meets ChatLLMs for Publication Management: From Chat to Publication Management: Organizing your related work using BibSonomy & LLMs. Völker, Tom; Pfister, Jan; Koopmann, Tobias; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2401.09092. 2024.
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  @article{volker2024bibsonomy, author = {V{\"{o}}lker, Tom and Pfister, Jan and Koopmann, Tobias and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {BibSonomy Meets ChatLLMs for Publication Management: From Chat to Publication Management: Organizing your related work using BibSonomy {\&} LLMs}, volume = {abs/2401.09092}, year = 2024 }
• From Chat to Publication Management: Organizing your related work using BibSonomy & LLMs. Völker, Tom; Pfister, Jan; Koopmann, Tobias; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, CHIIR 2024, Sheffield, United Kingdom, March 10-14, 2024, P. D. Clough, M. Harvey, F. Hopfgartner (Hrsg.), S. 386–390. ACM, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{volker2024publication, author = {V{\"{o}}lker, Tom and Pfister, Jan and Koopmann, Tobias and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 {ACM} {SIGIR} Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, {CHIIR} 2024, Sheffield, United Kingdom, March 10-14, 2024}, editor = {Clough, Paul D. and Harvey, Morgan and Hopfgartner, Frank}, keywords = 2024, pages = {386–390}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {From Chat to Publication Management: Organizing your related work using BibSonomy {\&} LLMs}, year = 2024 }
• Effects of AI understanding-training on AI literacy, usage, self-determined interactions, and anthropomorphization with voice assistants. Markus, A.; Pfister, J.; Carolus, C.; Hotho, A.; Wienrich, C. In Computers and Education Open, 6(1), S. 100176. 2024.
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  @article{bertsekas-rollout, author = {Markus, A. and Pfister, J. and Carolus, C. and Hotho, A. and Wienrich, C.}, journal = {Computers and Education Open}, keywords = 2024, number = 1, pages = 100176, title = {Effects of AI understanding-training on AI literacy, usage, self-determined interactions, and anthropomorphization with voice assistants}, volume = 6, year = 2024 }
• Graph Harvester. Deynet, Julian; Hegemann, Tim; Kempf, Sebastian; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. Felsner, K. Klein (Hrsg.), S. 58:1–3. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{dhkw-gh-GD24, author = {Deynet, Julian and Hegemann, Tim and Kempf, Sebastian and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'24)}, editor = {Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {58:1–3}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Graph Harvester}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• Concepts for a German Small Sat Mission to (99942) Apophis. Männel, Jonathan; Neumann, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Riegler, Clemens; Amza, Andrei Alexandru. 2024.
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  @conference{mannel2024concepts, author = {Männel, Jonathan and Neumann, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Riegler, Clemens and Amza, Andrei Alexandru}, keywords = {nealight}, number = {EPSC2024-1098}, title = {Concepts for a German Small Sat Mission to (99942) Apophis}, year = 2024 }
• The Influence of a Low-Resolution Peripheral Display Extension on the Perceived Plausibility and Presence. Brübach, Larissa; Röhm, Marius; Westermeier, Franziska; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’24. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  The Field of View (FoV) is a central technical display characteristic of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), which has been shown to have a notable impact on important aspects of the user experience. For example, an increased FoV has been shown to foster a sense of presence and improve peripheral information processing, but it also increases the risk of VR sickness. This article investigates the impact of a wider but inhomogeneous FoV on the perceived plausibility, measuring its effects on presence, spatial presence, and VR sickness as a comparison to and replication of effects from prior work. We developed a low-resolution peripheral display extension to pragmatically increase the FoV, taking into account the lower peripheral acuity of the human eye. While this design results in inhomogeneous resolutions of HMDs at the display edges, it also is a low complexity and low-cost extension. However, its effects on important VR qualities have to be identified. We conducted two experiments with 30 and 27 participants, respectively. In a randomized 2x3 within-subject design, participants played three rounds of bowling in VR, both with and without the display extension. Two rounds contained incongruencies to induce breaks in plausibility. In experiment 2, we enhanced one incongruency to make it more noticeable and improved the shortcomings of the display extension that had previously been identified. However, neither study measured the low-resolution FoV extension's effect in terms of perceived plausibility, presence, spatial presence, or VR sickness. We found that one of the incongruencies could cause a break in plausibility without the extension, confirming the results of a previous study.

  @inproceedings{brubach2024influence, abstract = {The Field of View (FoV) is a central technical display characteristic of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), which has been shown to have a notable impact on important aspects of the user experience. For example, an increased FoV has been shown to foster a sense of presence and improve peripheral information processing, but it also increases the risk of VR sickness. This article investigates the impact of a wider but inhomogeneous FoV on the perceived plausibility, measuring its effects on presence, spatial presence, and VR sickness as a comparison to and replication of effects from prior work. We developed a low-resolution peripheral display extension to pragmatically increase the FoV, taking into account the lower peripheral acuity of the human eye. While this design results in inhomogeneous resolutions of HMDs at the display edges, it also is a low complexity and low-cost extension. However, its effects on important VR qualities have to be identified. We conducted two experiments with 30 and 27 participants, respectively. In a randomized 2x3 within-subject design, participants played three rounds of bowling in VR, both with and without the display extension. Two rounds contained incongruencies to induce breaks in plausibility. In experiment 2, we enhanced one incongruency to make it more noticeable and improved the shortcomings of the display extension that had previously been identified. However, neither study measured the low-resolution FoV extension's effect in terms of perceived plausibility, presence, spatial presence, or VR sickness. We found that one of the incongruencies could cause a break in plausibility without the extension, confirming the results of a previous study.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Brübach, Larissa and Röhm, Marius and Westermeier, Franziska and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {xrhub}, number = 3, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '24}, title = {The Influence of a Low-Resolution Peripheral Display Extension on the Perceived Plausibility and Presence}, year = 2024 }
• Early Results and In-Flight Experience of the 6U-Mission SONATE-2. Schwarz, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S). Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  SONATE-2 is a 6U+ CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg. It was launched on SpaceX' Transporter-10 mission into a 527x505 km Sun synchronous orbit on March 4, 2024.

  @inproceedings{schwarzEARLYRESULTSINFLIGHT2024, abstract = {SONATE-2 is a 6U+ CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg. It was launched on SpaceX' Transporter-10 mission into a 527x505 km Sun synchronous orbit on March 4, 2024.}, address = {Palma de Mallorca, Spain}, author = {Schwarz, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, keywords = {results}, title = {Early Results and In-Flight Experience of the 6U-Mission SONATE-2}, year = 2024 }
• Link Prediction with Untrained Message Passing Layers. Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Wegner, Anatol E.; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2406.16687. 2024.
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  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2406-16687, author = {Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Wegner, Anatol E. and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Link Prediction with Untrained Message Passing Layers.}, volume = {abs/2406.16687}, year = 2024 }
• Resources for Graph Data and Knowledge. Hogan, Aidan; Horrocks, Ian; Hotho, Andreas; Kagal, Lalana; Sattler, Uli. In TGDK, 2(2), S. 1:1–1:2. 2024.
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  • [ URL ]
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  @article{hogan2024resources, author = {Hogan, Aidan and Horrocks, Ian and Hotho, Andreas and Kagal, Lalana and Sattler, Uli}, journal = {{TGDK}}, keywords = 2024, number = 2, pages = {1:1–1:2}, title = {Resources for Graph Data and Knowledge}, volume = 2, year = 2024 }
• Ballroom Dance Training with Motion Capture and Virtual Reality. Maier, Sophia; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2024 (MuC ’24), S. 617–621. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This paper investigates the integration of motion capture and virtual reality (VR) technologies in competitive ballroom dancing (slow walz, tango, slow foxtrott, viennese waltz, quickstep), aiming to analyze posture correctness and provide feedback to dancers for posture enhancement. Through qualitative interviews, the study identifies specific requirements and gathers insights into potentially helpful feedback mechanisms. Using Unity and motion capture technology, we implemented a prototype system featuring real-time visual cues for posture correction and a replay function for analysis. A validation study with competitive ballroom dancers reveals generally positive feedback on the system’s usefulness, though challenges like cable obstruction and bad usability of the user interface are noted. Insights from participants inform future refinements, emphasizing the need for precise feedback, cable-free movement, and user-friendly interfaces. While the program is promising for ballroom dance training, further research is needed to evaluate the system’s overall efficacy.

  @inproceedings{maier2024ballroom, abstract = {This paper investigates the integration of motion capture and virtual reality (VR) technologies in competitive ballroom dancing (slow walz, tango, slow foxtrott, viennese waltz, quickstep), aiming to analyze posture correctness and provide feedback to dancers for posture enhancement. Through qualitative interviews, the study identifies specific requirements and gathers insights into potentially helpful feedback mechanisms. Using Unity and motion capture technology, we implemented a prototype system featuring real-time visual cues for posture correction and a replay function for analysis. A validation study with competitive ballroom dancers reveals generally positive feedback on the system’s usefulness, though challenges like cable obstruction and bad usability of the user interface are noted. Insights from participants inform future refinements, emphasizing the need for precise feedback, cable-free movement, and user-friendly interfaces. While the program is promising for ballroom dance training, further research is needed to evaluate the system’s overall efficacy.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Maier, Sophia and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2024 (MuC '24)}, keywords = {xrhub}, pages = {617-621}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Ballroom Dance Training with Motion Capture and Virtual Reality}, year = 2024 }
• Adapting Sequential Recommender Models to Content Recommendation in Chat Data using Non-Item Page-Models. Zehe, Albin; Fischer, Elisabeth; Kaiser, Jonas; Wagner, Toni; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the Sixth Knowledge-aware and Conversational Recommender Systems Workshop co-located with 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2024), Bari, Italy, October 18th, 2024, Bd. 3817 von CEUR Workshop Proceedings, V. W. Anelli, P. Basile, T. D. Noia, F. M. Donini, A. Ferrara, C. Musto, F. Narducci, A. Ragone, M. Zanker (Hrsg.), S. 66–84. CEUR-WS.org, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{zehe2024adapting, author = {Zehe, Albin and Fischer, Elisabeth and Kaiser, Jonas and Wagner, Toni and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Knowledge-aware and Conversational Recommender Systems Workshop co-located with 18th {ACM} Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2024), Bari, Italy, October 18th, 2024}, editor = {Anelli, Vito Walter and Basile, Pierpaolo and Noia, Tommaso Di and Donini, Francesco Maria and Ferrara, Antonio and Musto, Cataldo and Narducci, Fedelucio and Ragone, Azzurra and Zanker, Markus}, keywords = 2024, pages = {66–84}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {{CEUR} Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Adapting Sequential Recommender Models to Content Recommendation in Chat Data using Non-Item Page-Models}, volume = 3817, year = 2024 }
• Novel On-Board Data Processing Strategies on Nanosatellite SONATE-2. Andreas, Maurer; Oleksii, Balagurin; Tobias, Greiner; Tobias, Herbst; Tobias, Kaiser; Hakan, Kayal; Tobias, Schwarz. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S). Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Reliable on-board data handling is the backbone of every successful satellite mission. New scientific experiments can only be validated, and results obtained, if the recorded scientific data reaches the ground completely and correctly. For this, several special techniques were applied during the implementation of the SONATE-2 mission. Generic communication protocols were defined between all payloads, subsystems, and the On-board data handling (OBDH) of SONATE-2 to reduce the overall complexity of the data management system. With the help of these protocols, the development effort could be reduced, and the data transfers simplified. In addition, this allowed the communication interfaces to be simulated and quickly tested during development with a desktop computer using an OBDH-Simulator.

  @conference{maurerandreas2024novel, abstract = {Reliable on-board data handling is the backbone of every successful satellite mission. New scientific experiments can only be validated, and results obtained, if the recorded scientific data reaches the ground completely and correctly. For this, several special techniques were applied during the implementation of the SONATE-2 mission. Generic communication protocols were defined between all payloads, subsystems, and the On-board data handling (OBDH) of SONATE-2 to reduce the overall complexity of the data management system. With the help of these protocols, the development effort could be reduced, and the data transfers simplified. In addition, this allowed the communication interfaces to be simulated and quickly tested during development with a desktop computer using an OBDH-Simulator.}, address = {Palma de Mallorca, Spain}, author = {Andreas, Maurer and Oleksii, Balagurin and Tobias, Greiner and Tobias, Herbst and Tobias, Kaiser and Hakan, Kayal and Tobias, Schwarz}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Novel On-Board Data Processing Strategies on Nanosatellite SONATE-2}, year = 2024 }
• Investigating Incoherent Depth Perception Features in Virtual Reality using Stereoscopic Impostor-Based Rendering. Waldow, Kristoffer; Decker, Lukas; Mišiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Roth, Daniel; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR ’24). IEEE, 2024.
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  Depth perception is essential for our daily experiences, aiding in orientation and interaction with our surroundings. Virtual Reality allows us to decouple such depth cues mainly represented through binocular disparity and motion parallax. Dealing with fully mesh-based rendering methods these cues are not problematic as they originate from the object’s underlying geometry. However, manipulating motion parallax, as seen in stereoscopic imposter-based rendering, raises multiple perceptual questions. Therefore, we conducted a user experiment to investigate how varying object sizes affect such visual errors and perceived 3-dimensionality, revealing an interestingly significant negative correlation and new assumptions about visual quality.

  @inproceedings{waldow2024investigating, abstract = {Depth perception is essential for our daily experiences, aiding in orientation and interaction with our surroundings. Virtual Reality allows us to decouple such depth cues mainly represented through binocular disparity and motion parallax. Dealing with fully mesh-based rendering methods these cues are not problematic as they originate from the object’s underlying geometry. However, manipulating motion parallax, as seen in stereoscopic imposter-based rendering, raises multiple perceptual questions. Therefore, we conducted a user experiment to investigate how varying object sizes affect such visual errors and perceived 3-dimensionality, revealing an interestingly significant negative correlation and new assumptions about visual quality.}, author = {Waldow, Kristoffer and Decker, Lukas and Mišiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Roth, Daniel and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR '24)}, keywords = {myown}, note = {Best poster award 🏆. To be published}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Investigating Incoherent Depth Perception Features in Virtual Reality using Stereoscopic Impostor-Based Rendering}, year = 2024 }
• Am I the odd one? Exploring (in)congruencies in the realism of avatars and virtual others in virtual reality. Mal, David; Döllinger, Nina; Wolf, Erik; Wenninger, Stephan; Botsch, Mario; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 5. 2024.
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  Virtual humans play a pivotal role in social virtual environments, shaping users’ VR experiences. The diversity in available options and users’ individual preferences can result in a heterogeneous mix of appearances among a group of virtual humans. The resulting variety in higher-order anthropomorphic and realistic cues introduces multiple (in)congruencies, eventually impacting the plausibility of the experience. However, related work investigating the effects of being co-located with multiple virtual humans of different appearances remains limited. In this work, we consider the impact of (in)congruencies in the realism of a group of virtual humans, including co-located others (agents) and one’s self-representation (self-avatar), on users’ individual VR experiences. In a 2 × 3 mixed design, participants embodied either (1) a personalized realistic or (2) a customized stylized self-avatar across three consecutive VR exposures in which they were accompanied by a group of virtual others being either (1) all realistic, (2) all stylized, or (3) mixed between stylized and realistic. Our results indicate groups of virtual others of higher realism, i.e., potentially more congruent with participants’ real-world experiences and expectations, were considered more human-like, increasing the feeling of co-presence and the impression of interaction possibilities. (In)congruencies concerning the homogeneity of the group did not cause considerable effects. Furthermore, our results indicate that a self-avatar’s congruence with the participant’s real-world experiences concerning their own physical body yielded notable benefits for virtual body ownership and self-identification for realistic personalized avatars. Notably, the incongruence between a stylized self-avatar and a group of realistic virtual others resulted in diminished ratings of self-location and self-identification. This suggests that higher-order (in)congruent visual cues that are not within the ego-central referential frame of one’s (virtual) body, can have an (adverse) effect on the relationship between one’s self and body. We conclude on the implications of our findings and discuss our results within current theories of VR experiences, considering (in)congruent visual cues and their impact on the perception of virtual others, self-representation, and spatial presence

  @article{mal2024oddone, abstract = {Virtual humans play a pivotal role in social virtual environments, shaping users’ VR experiences. The diversity in available options and users’ individual preferences can result in a heterogeneous mix of appearances among a group of virtual humans. The resulting variety in higher-order anthropomorphic and realistic cues introduces multiple (in)congruencies, eventually impacting the plausibility of the experience. However, related work investigating the effects of being co-located with multiple virtual humans of different appearances remains limited. In this work, we consider the impact of (in)congruencies in the realism of a group of virtual humans, including co-located others (agents) and one’s self-representation (self-avatar), on users’ individual VR experiences. In a 2 × 3 mixed design, participants embodied either (1) a personalized realistic or (2) a customized stylized self-avatar across three consecutive VR exposures in which they were accompanied by a group of virtual others being either (1) all realistic, (2) all stylized, or (3) mixed between stylized and realistic. Our results indicate groups of virtual others of higher realism, i.e., potentially more congruent with participants’ real-world experiences and expectations, were considered more human-like, increasing the feeling of co-presence and the impression of interaction possibilities. (In)congruencies concerning the homogeneity of the group did not cause considerable effects. Furthermore, our results indicate that a self-avatar’s congruence with the participant’s real-world experiences concerning their own physical body yielded notable benefits for virtual body ownership and self-identification for realistic personalized avatars. Notably, the incongruence between a stylized self-avatar and a group of realistic virtual others resulted in diminished ratings of self-location and self-identification. This suggests that higher-order (in)congruent visual cues that are not within the ego-central referential frame of one’s (virtual) body, can have an (adverse) effect on the relationship between one’s self and body. We conclude on the implications of our findings and discuss our results within current theories of VR experiences, considering (in)congruent visual cues and their impact on the perception of virtual others, self-representation, and spatial presence}, author = {Mal, David and Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {dmal}, title = {Am I the odd one? Exploring (in)congruencies in the realism of avatars and virtual others in virtual reality}, volume = 5, year = 2024 }
• Does Voice Matter? The Effect of Verbal Communication and Asymmetry on the Experience of Collaborative Social XR. Merz, Christian; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), S. 1127–1136. IEEE Computer Society, 2024.
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  This work evaluates how the asymmetry of device configurations and verbal communication influence the user experience of social eXtended Reality (XR) for self-perception, other-perception, and task perception. We developed an application that enables social collaboration between two users with varying device configurations. We compare the conditions of one symmetric interaction, where both device configurations are Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) with tracked controllers, with the conditions of one asymmetric interaction, where one device configuration is an HMD with tracked controllers and the other device configuration is a desktop screen with a mouse. In our study, 52 participants collaborated in a dyadic interaction on a sorting task while talking to each other. We compare our results to previous work that evaluated the same scenario without verbal communication. In line with prior research, self-perception is influenced by the immersion of the used device configuration and verbal communication. While co-presence was not affected by the device configuration or the inclusion of verbal communication, social presence was only higher for HMD configurations that allowed verbal communication. Task perception was hardly affected by the device configuration or verbal communication. We conclude that the device in social XR is important for self-perception with or without verbal communication. However, the results indicate that the device configuration only affects the qualities of social interaction in collaborative scenarios when verbal communication is enabled. To sum up, asymmetric collaboration maintains the high quality of self-perception and interaction for highly immersed users while still enabling the participation of less immersed users.

  @inproceedings{merz2024voice, abstract = {This work evaluates how the asymmetry of device configurations and verbal communication influence the user experience of social eXtended Reality (XR) for self-perception, other-perception, and task perception. We developed an application that enables social collaboration between two users with varying device configurations. We compare the conditions of one symmetric interaction, where both device configurations are Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) with tracked controllers, with the conditions of one asymmetric interaction, where one device configuration is an HMD with tracked controllers and the other device configuration is a desktop screen with a mouse. In our study, 52 participants collaborated in a dyadic interaction on a sorting task while talking to each other. We compare our results to previous work that evaluated the same scenario without verbal communication. In line with prior research, self-perception is influenced by the immersion of the used device configuration and verbal communication. While co-presence was not affected by the device configuration or the inclusion of verbal communication, social presence was only higher for HMD configurations that allowed verbal communication. Task perception was hardly affected by the device configuration or verbal communication. We conclude that the device in social XR is important for self-perception with or without verbal communication. However, the results indicate that the device configuration only affects the qualities of social interaction in collaborative scenarios when verbal communication is enabled. To sum up, asymmetric collaboration maintains the high quality of self-perception and interaction for highly immersed users while still enabling the participation of less immersed users.}, author = {Merz, Christian and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {merz}, pages = {1127-1136}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {Does Voice Matter? The Effect of Verbal Communication and Asymmetry on the Experience of Collaborative Social XR}, year = 2024 }
• Evaluating the Benefits of Model Retraining for Self-Aware Vehicle Traffic Forecasting. Hadry, Marius; Grillmeyer, Daniel; Becker, Martin; König, Maximilian; Lesch, Veronika; Kounev, Samuel. In IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS), S. 41–50. 2024.
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  @inproceedings{10771392, author = {Hadry, Marius and Grillmeyer, Daniel and Becker, Martin and König, Maximilian and Lesch, Veronika and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS)}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {41-50}, title = {Evaluating the Benefits of Model Retraining for Self-Aware Vehicle Traffic Forecasting}, year = 2024 }
• Early Explorations of Lightweight Models for Wound Segmentation on Mobile Devices. Borst, Vanessa; Dittus, Timo; Müller, Konstantin; Kounev, Samuel. In 47th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence - KI 2024. 2024.
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  @conference{borst2024early, author = {Borst, Vanessa and Dittus, Timo and Müller, Konstantin and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {47th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence - KI 2024}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, title = {Early Explorations of Lightweight Models for Wound Segmentation on Mobile Devices}, year = 2024 }
• SATEX: Extraterrestrik mit Kleinsatelliten - Kurzbericht. Männel, Jonathan; Borschinsky, Erik; Kayal, Hakan; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens. Universität Würzburg, 2024.
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  @techreport{https://doi.org/10.25972/opus-36979, author = {Männel, Jonathan and Borschinsky, Erik and Kayal, Hakan and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens}, journal = {Raumfahrttechnik und Extraterrestrik; 5}, keywords = {satex}, publisher = {Universität Würzburg}, title = {SATEX: Extraterrestrik mit Kleinsatelliten - Kurzbericht}, year = 2024 }
• Daedalus 2: Autorotation Entry, Descent and Landing Experiment on REXUS29. Bergmann, Philip; Riegler, Clemens; Klaschka, Zuri; Herbst, Tobias; Wolf, Jan M.; Reigl, Maximilian; Koch, Niels; Menninger, Sarah; von Pichowski, Jan; Bös, Cedric; Barthó, Bence; Dunschen, Frederik; Mehringer, Johanna; Richter, Ludwig; Werner, Lennart. In CoRR, abs/2406.11292. 2024.
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  @article{journals/corr/abs-2406-11292, author = {Bergmann, Philip and Riegler, Clemens and Klaschka, Zuri and Herbst, Tobias and Wolf, Jan M. and Reigl, Maximilian and Koch, Niels and Menninger, Sarah and von Pichowski, Jan and Bös, Cedric and Barthó, Bence and Dunschen, Frederik and Mehringer, Johanna and Richter, Ludwig and Werner, Lennart}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Daedalus 2: Autorotation Entry, Descent and Landing Experiment on REXUS29.}, volume = {abs/2406.11292}, year = 2024 }
• Handwriting for Text Input and the Impact of XR Displays, Surface Alignments, and Sentence Complexities. Kern, Florian; Tschanter, Jonathan; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, S. 1–11. 2024.
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  Text input is desirable across various eXtended Reality (XR) use cases and is particularly crucial for knowledge and office work. This article compares handwriting text input between Virtual Reality (VR) and Video See-Through Augmented Reality (VST AR), facilitated by physically aligned and mid-air surfaces when writing simple and complex sentences. In a 2x2x2 experimental design, 72 participants performed two ten-minute handwriting sessions, each including ten simple and ten complex sentences representing text input in real-world scenarios. Our developed handwriting application supports different XR displays, surface alignments, and handwriting recognition based on digital ink. We evaluated usability, user experience, task load, text input performance, and handwriting style. Our results indicate high usability with a successful transfer of handwriting skills to the virtual domain. XR displays and surface alignments did not impact text input speed and error rate. However, sentence complexities did, with participants achieving higher input speeds and fewer errors for simple sentences (17.85 WPM, 0.51% MSD ER) than complex sentences (15.07 WPM, 1.74% MSD ER). Handwriting on physically aligned surfaces showed higher learnability and lower physical demand, making them more suitable for prolonged handwriting sessions. Handwriting on mid-air surfaces yielded higher novelty and stimulation ratings, which might diminish with more experience. Surface alignments and sentence complexities significantly affected handwriting style, leading to enlarged and more connected cursive writing in both mid-air and for simple sentences. The study also demonstrated the benefits of using XR controllers in a pen-like posture to mimic styluses and pressure-sensitive tips on physical surfaces for input detection. We additionally provide a phrase set of simple and complex sentences as a basis for future text input studies, which can be expanded and adapted.

  @article{10460576, abstract = {Text input is desirable across various eXtended Reality (XR) use cases and is particularly crucial for knowledge and office work. This article compares handwriting text input between Virtual Reality (VR) and Video See-Through Augmented Reality (VST AR), facilitated by physically aligned and mid-air surfaces when writing simple and complex sentences. In a 2x2x2 experimental design, 72 participants performed two ten-minute handwriting sessions, each including ten simple and ten complex sentences representing text input in real-world scenarios. Our developed handwriting application supports different XR displays, surface alignments, and handwriting recognition based on digital ink. We evaluated usability, user experience, task load, text input performance, and handwriting style. Our results indicate high usability with a successful transfer of handwriting skills to the virtual domain. XR displays and surface alignments did not impact text input speed and error rate. However, sentence complexities did, with participants achieving higher input speeds and fewer errors for simple sentences (17.85 WPM, 0.51% MSD ER) than complex sentences (15.07 WPM, 1.74% MSD ER). Handwriting on physically aligned surfaces showed higher learnability and lower physical demand, making them more suitable for prolonged handwriting sessions. Handwriting on mid-air surfaces yielded higher novelty and stimulation ratings, which might diminish with more experience. Surface alignments and sentence complexities significantly affected handwriting style, leading to enlarged and more connected cursive writing in both mid-air and for simple sentences. The study also demonstrated the benefits of using XR controllers in a pen-like posture to mimic styluses and pressure-sensitive tips on physical surfaces for input detection. We additionally provide a phrase set of simple and complex sentences as a basis for future text input studies, which can be expanded and adapted.}, author = {Kern, Florian and Tschanter, Jonathan and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {vilearn}, pages = {1-11}, title = {Handwriting for Text Input and the Impact of XR Displays, Surface Alignments, and Sentence Complexities}, year = 2024 }
• Motion Passwords. Rack, Christian; Schach, Lukas; Achter, Felix; Shehada, Yousof; Lin, Jinghuai; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’24, S. 1–11. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  This paper introduces “Motion Passwords”, a novel biometric authentication approach where virtual reality users verify their identity by physically writing a chosen word in the air with their hand controller. This method allows combining three layers of verification: knowledge-based password input, handwriting style analysis, and motion profile recognition. As a first step towards realizing this potential, we focus on verifying users based on their motion profiles. We conducted a data collection study with 48 participants, who performed over 3800 Motion Password signatures across two sessions. We assessed the effectiveness of feature-distance and similarity-learning methods for motion-based verification using the Motion Passwords as well as specific and uniform ball-throwing signatures used in previous works. In our results, the similarity-learning model was able to verify users with the same accuracy for both signature types. This demonstrates that Motion Passwords, even when applying only the motion-based verification layer, achieve reliability comparable to previous methods. This highlights the potential for Motion Passwords to become even more reliable with the addition of knowledge-based and handwriting style verification layers. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept Unity application demonstrating the registration and verification process with our pretrained similarity-learning model. We publish our code, the Motion Password dataset, the pretrained model, and our Unity prototype on https://github.com/cschell/MoPs

  @conference{rack2024motion, abstract = {This paper introduces “Motion Passwords”, a novel biometric authentication approach where virtual reality users verify their identity by physically writing a chosen word in the air with their hand controller. This method allows combining three layers of verification: knowledge-based password input, handwriting style analysis, and motion profile recognition. As a first step towards realizing this potential, we focus on verifying users based on their motion profiles. We conducted a data collection study with 48 participants, who performed over 3800 Motion Password signatures across two sessions. We assessed the effectiveness of feature-distance and similarity-learning methods for motion-based verification using the Motion Passwords as well as specific and uniform ball-throwing signatures used in previous works. In our results, the similarity-learning model was able to verify users with the same accuracy for both signature types. This demonstrates that Motion Passwords, even when applying only the motion-based verification layer, achieve reliability comparable to previous methods. This highlights the potential for Motion Passwords to become even more reliable with the addition of knowledge-based and handwriting style verification layers. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept Unity application demonstrating the registration and verification process with our pretrained similarity-learning model. We publish our code, the Motion Password dataset, the pretrained model, and our Unity prototype on https://github.com/cschell/MoPs}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Rack, Christian and Schach, Lukas and Achter, Felix and Shehada, Yousof and Lin, Jinghuai and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {schell}, number = 19, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '24}, title = {Motion Passwords}, year = 2024 }
• 6U+ CubeSat SONATE2: Operation of an Optical AI Payload in Low Earth Orbit. Herbst, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Schwarz, Tobias. In 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC). 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Optical payloads and other instruments can generate large amounts of data. Data acquisition is often limited by downlink capabilities, especially in the context of space exploration, as the NASA deep space network is said to be at capacity, for example. Intelligent onboard data processing can decrease the amount of data that has to be transferred to Earth. The Nanosatellite SONATE-2, developed and operated at the University of Würzburg, tackles this problem by demonstrating artificial intelligence technologies in a low Earth orbit. SONATE-2's AI payload has specialized hardware, featuring an NVIDIA Jetson NX System on Module (SoM) with a 6-Core ARM CPU and an NVIDIA Volta architecture GPU with Tensor cores that can infer and train neural networks. This SoM enables data processing using pre-trained models on the ground and training neural networks onboard. The Linux operating system of the AI Payload allows for the use of standard libraries, like CUDA, CudNN, or TensorFlow. The 6U+ CubeSat SONATE-2 was launched with the Transporter 10 Mission by Space X into a sun-synchronous orbit in March 2024. This work presents the results of the first months of operation of the SONATE-2 Nanosatellite. The primary mission objective is to demonstrate AI technologies in space, including anomaly detection, image segmentation, and object detection using four cameras, two in the visible spectrum and two in the near-infrared. This work focuses on the technical challenges and presents the methods used to operate the AI Payload in space. In addition, we give an overview of our experiences with managing the payload, including the thermal and power considerations. A brief outlook on the planned experiments within the mission duration of one year is presented.

  @inproceedings{herbst2024cubesat, abstract = {Optical payloads and other instruments can generate large amounts of data. Data acquisition is often limited by downlink capabilities, especially in the context of space exploration, as the NASA deep space network is said to be at capacity, for example. Intelligent onboard data processing can decrease the amount of data that has to be transferred to Earth. The Nanosatellite SONATE-2, developed and operated at the University of Würzburg, tackles this problem by demonstrating artificial intelligence technologies in a low Earth orbit. SONATE-2's AI payload has specialized hardware, featuring an NVIDIA Jetson NX System on Module (SoM) with a 6-Core ARM CPU and an NVIDIA Volta architecture GPU with Tensor cores that can infer and train neural networks. This SoM enables data processing using pre-trained models on the ground and training neural networks onboard. The Linux operating system of the AI Payload allows for the use of standard libraries, like CUDA, CudNN, or TensorFlow. The 6U+ CubeSat SONATE-2 was launched with the Transporter 10 Mission by Space X into a sun-synchronous orbit in March 2024. This work presents the results of the first months of operation of the SONATE-2 Nanosatellite. The primary mission objective is to demonstrate AI technologies in space, including anomaly detection, image segmentation, and object detection using four cameras, two in the visible spectrum and two in the near-infrared. This work focuses on the technical challenges and presents the methods used to operate the AI Payload in space. In addition, we give an overview of our experiences with managing the payload, including the thermal and power considerations. A brief outlook on the planned experiments within the mission duration of one year is presented.}, author = {Herbst, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC)}, keywords = {ai}, title = {6U+ CubeSat SONATE2: Operation of an Optical AI Payload in Low Earth Orbit}, year = 2024 }
• Bounding and Computing Obstacle Numbers of Graphs. Balko, Martin; Chaplick, Steven; Ganian, Robert; Gupta, Siddharth; Hoffmann, Michael; Valtr, Pavel; Wolff, Alexander. In SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics, 38(2), S. 1537–1565. 2024.
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  An obstacle representation of a graph G consists of a set of pairwise disjoint simply-connected closed regions and a one-to-one mapping of the vertices of G to points such that two vertices are adjacent in G if and only if the line segment connecting the two corresponding points does not intersect any obstacle. The obstacle number of a graph is the smallest number of obstacles in an obstacle representation of the graph in the plane such that all obstacles are simple polygons. par It is known that the obstacle number of each n-vertex graph is O(n log n) [Balko, Cibulka, and Valtr, 2018] and that there are n-vertex graphs whose obstacle number is Ω(n/(log log n)^2) [Dujmović and Morin, 2015]. We improve this lower bound to Ω(n/log log n) for simple polygons and to Ω(n) for convex polygons. To obtain these stronger bounds, we improve known estimates on the number of n-vertex graphs with bounded obstacle number, solving a conjecture by Dujmović and Morin. We also show that if the drawing of some n-vertex graph is given as part of the input, then for some drawings Ω(n2) obstacles are required to turn them into an obstacle representation of the graph. Our bounds are asymptotically tight in several instances. par We complement these combinatorial bounds by two complexity results. First, we show that computing the obstacle number of a graph G is fixed-parameter tractable in the vertex cover number of G. Second, we show that, given a graph G and a simple polygon P, it is NP-hard to decide whether G admits an obstacle representation using P as the only obstacle.

  @article{bcghvw-bcong-SIDMA24, abstract = {An obstacle representation of a graph G consists of a set of pairwise disjoint simply-connected closed regions and a one-to-one mapping of the vertices of G to points such that two vertices are adjacent in G if and only if the line segment connecting the two corresponding points does not intersect any obstacle. The obstacle number of a graph is the smallest number of obstacles in an obstacle representation of the graph in the plane such that all obstacles are simple polygons. \par It is known that the obstacle number of each n-vertex graph is O(n log n) [Balko, Cibulka, and Valtr, 2018] and that there are n-vertex graphs whose obstacle number is Ω(n/(log log n)^2) [Dujmović and Morin, 2015]. We improve this lower bound to Ω(n/log log n) for simple polygons and to Ω(n) for convex polygons. To obtain these stronger bounds, we improve known estimates on the number of n-vertex graphs with bounded obstacle number, solving a conjecture by Dujmović and Morin. We also show that if the drawing of some n-vertex graph is given as part of the input, then for some drawings Ω(n2) obstacles are required to turn them into an obstacle representation of the graph. Our bounds are asymptotically tight in several instances. \par We complement these combinatorial bounds by two complexity results. First, we show that computing the obstacle number of a graph G is fixed-parameter tractable in the vertex cover number of G. Second, we show that, given a graph G and a simple polygon P, it is NP-hard to decide whether G admits an obstacle representation using P as the only obstacle.}, author = {Balko, Martin and Chaplick, Steven and Ganian, Robert and Gupta, Siddharth and Hoffmann, Michael and Valtr, Pavel and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics}, keywords = {convex_obstacle_number}, number = 2, pages = {1537–1565}, title = {Bounding and Computing Obstacle Numbers of Graphs}, volume = 38, year = 2024 }
• Bounding the Treewidth of Outer k-Planar Graphs via Triangulations. Firman, Oksana; Gutowski, Grzegorz; Kryven, Myroslav; Okada, Yuto; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. Felsner, K. Klein (Hrsg.), S. 14:1–17. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{fgkow-btokp-GD24, author = {Firman, Oksana and Gutowski, Grzegorz and Kryven, Myroslav and Okada, Yuto and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'24)}, editor = {Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {14:1–17}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Bounding the Treewidth of Outer k-Planar Graphs via Triangulations}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• Outerplanar and Forest Storyplans. Fiala, Jiří; Firman, Oksana; Liotta, Giuseppe; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 50th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’24), Bd. 14519 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, H. Fernau, S. Gaspers, R. Klasing (Hrsg.), S. 211–225. Springer-Verlag, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{fflwz-ofs-SOFSEM24, author = {Fiala, Jiří and Firman, Oksana and Liotta, Giuseppe and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 50th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'24)}, editor = {Fernau, Henning and Gaspers, Serge and Klasing, Ralf}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {211–225}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Outerplanar and Forest Storyplans}, volume = 14519, year = 2024 }
• Pipelining Processors for Decomposing Character Animation. Merz, Christian; Tschanter, Jonathan; Kern, Florian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’24. Association for Computing Machinery, Trier, Germany, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
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  This paper presents an openly available implementation of a modular pipeline architecture for character animation. It effectively decomposes frequently necessary processing steps into dedicated character processors, such as copying data from various motion sources, applying inverse kinematics, or scaling the character. Processors can easily be parameterized, extended (e.g., with AI), and freely arranged or even duplicated in any order necessary, greatly reducing side effects and fostering fine-tuning, maintenance, and reusability of the complex interplay of real-time animation steps.

  @inproceedings{merz2024processor, abstract = {This paper presents an openly available implementation of a modular pipeline architecture for character animation. It effectively decomposes frequently necessary processing steps into dedicated character processors, such as copying data from various motion sources, applying inverse kinematics, or scaling the character. Processors can easily be parameterized, extended (e.g., with AI), and freely arranged or even duplicated in any order necessary, greatly reducing side effects and fostering fine-tuning, maintenance, and reusability of the complex interplay of real-time animation steps.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Merz, Christian and Tschanter, Jonathan and Kern, Florian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {realityStack}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '24}, title = {Pipelining Processors for Decomposing Character Animation}, year = 2024 }
• Simulating Microservice-based Architectures for Resilience Assessment Enriched by Authentic Container Orchestration. Frank, Sebastian; Straesser, Martin; Wagner, Lion; Haas, Patrick; Hakamian, Alireza; Kounev, Samuel; Van Hoorn, André. In Software Engineering 2024. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @incollection{Frank2024Simulating, address = {Bonn}, author = {Frank, Sebastian and Straesser, Martin and Wagner, Lion and Haas, Patrick and Hakamian, Alireza and Kounev, Samuel and Van Hoorn, André}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2024}, keywords = {container_orchestration}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Simulating Microservice-based Architectures for Resilience Assessment Enriched by Authentic Container Orchestration}, year = 2024 }
• Marina: Realizing ML-Driven Real-Time Network Traffic Monitoring at Terabit Scale. Seufert, Michael; Dietz, Katharina; Wehner, Nikolas; Geißler, Stefan; Schüler, Joshua; Wolz, Manuel; Hotho, Andreas; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Feldmann, Anja. In IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, S. 1–1. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Network operators require real-time traffic monitoring insights to provide high performance and security to their customers. It has been shown that artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) can improve the visibility of telemetry systems, especially with encrypted traffic. However, current solutions cannot cope with high traffic rates and volumes in large-scale networks. To realize the ML-driven network intelligence paradigm at terabit scale, we design Marina, a system that spreads monitoring over a highly efficient data plane, which can extract traffic statistics at line rate, and a powerful ML server, which can run monitoring inference using complex ML models. We apply temporal microaggregation into sub-second time slots and extract moment-based statistics. These allow to flexibly obtain accurate ML-based monitoring decisions during the next time slot. To demonstrate the scalability of our design, we implement and evaluate a Marina data plane prototype on a Barefoot Wedge 100BF-65X P4 switch, which can monitor more than 520,000 concurrent flows at full switching capacity of 6.4 Tbps. We validate the analytics capabilities enabled by our Marina implementation for four ML-driven real-time monitoring tasks with a broad set of standard ML models, achieving comparable or better than state-of-the-art results.

  @article{10480735, abstract = {Network operators require real-time traffic monitoring insights to provide high performance and security to their customers. It has been shown that artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) can improve the visibility of telemetry systems, especially with encrypted traffic. However, current solutions cannot cope with high traffic rates and volumes in large-scale networks. To realize the ML-driven network intelligence paradigm at terabit scale, we design Marina, a system that spreads monitoring over a highly efficient data plane, which can extract traffic statistics at line rate, and a powerful ML server, which can run monitoring inference using complex ML models. We apply temporal microaggregation into sub-second time slots and extract moment-based statistics. These allow to flexibly obtain accurate ML-based monitoring decisions during the next time slot. To demonstrate the scalability of our design, we implement and evaluate a Marina data plane prototype on a Barefoot Wedge 100BF-65X P4 switch, which can monitor more than 520,000 concurrent flows at full switching capacity of 6.4 Tbps. We validate the analytics capabilities enabled by our Marina implementation for four ML-driven real-time monitoring tasks with a broad set of standard ML models, achieving comparable or better than state-of-the-art results.}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Dietz, Katharina and Wehner, Nikolas and Geißler, Stefan and Schüler, Joshua and Wolz, Manuel and Hotho, Andreas and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Feldmann, Anja}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {traffic}, pages = {1-1}, title = {Marina: Realizing ML-Driven Real-Time Network Traffic Monitoring at Terabit Scale}, year = 2024 }
• Towards Industrial-scale Product Configuration. Baumeister, Joachim; Herud, Konstantin; Ostrowski, Max; Reutelshoefer, Jochen; Rühling, Nicolas; Schaub, Torsten; Wanko, Philipp. In 17th International Conference on Logic Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning, S. 71–84. Springer, 2024.
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  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{BHO:24, author = {Baumeister, Joachim and Herud, Konstantin and Ostrowski, Max and Reutelshoefer, Jochen and Rühling, Nicolas and Schaub, Torsten and Wanko, Philipp}, booktitle = {17th International Conference on Logic Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {71–84}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Towards Industrial-scale Product Configuration}, year = 2024 }
• Usability, Acceptance, and Trust of Privacy Protection Mechanisms and Identity Management in Social Virtual Reality. Lin, Jinghuai; Rack, Christian; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE Computer Society, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  In social virtual reality (social VR), users are threatened by potential cybercrimes, such as identity theft, sensitive data breaches, and embodied harassment. These concerns are heightened by the increasing interest in the metaverse, the advancements in photorealistic 3D user reconstructions, and the rising incidents of online privacy violations. Designing secure social VR applications that protect users while enhancing their experience, acceptance and trust remains a challenge. This article investigates potential identity management solutions in social VR, and their impacts on usability and user acceptance. We developed a social VR prototype with novel and established countermeasures, including motion biometric verification, and conducted a study with 52 participants. Our findings reveal diverse preferences for identity management and underscore the importance of authenticity, autonomy, and reciprocity. Key findings include: passive verification is favored for pragmatic user experience, while active verification is preferred for its hedonic quality; continuous or periodic verification strengthens users’ confidence in their privacy; and while user awareness promotes authentic engagement, it may also diminish the willingness to disclose personal information. This research not only offers foundational insights into the evaluated scenarios and countermeasures, but also sheds light on the designs of more trustworthy and inclusive social VR applications.

  @inproceedings{lin2024usability, abstract = {In social virtual reality (social VR), users are threatened by potential cybercrimes, such as identity theft, sensitive data breaches, and embodied harassment. These concerns are heightened by the increasing interest in the metaverse, the advancements in photorealistic 3D user reconstructions, and the rising incidents of online privacy violations. Designing secure social VR applications that protect users while enhancing their experience, acceptance and trust remains a challenge. This article investigates potential identity management solutions in social VR, and their impacts on usability and user acceptance. We developed a social VR prototype with novel and established countermeasures, including motion biometric verification, and conducted a study with 52 participants. Our findings reveal diverse preferences for identity management and underscore the importance of authenticity, autonomy, and reciprocity. Key findings include: passive verification is favored for pragmatic user experience, while active verification is preferred for its hedonic quality; continuous or periodic verification strengthens users’ confidence in their privacy; and while user awareness promotes authentic engagement, it may also diminish the willingness to disclose personal information. This research not only offers foundational insights into the evaluated scenarios and countermeasures, but also sheds light on the designs of more trustworthy and inclusive social VR applications.}, author = {Lin, Jinghuai and Rack, Christian and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {xrhub}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {Usability, Acceptance, and Trust of Privacy Protection Mechanisms and Identity Management in Social Virtual Reality}, year = 2024 }
• Manipulating Immersion: The Impact of Perceptual Incongruence on Perceived Plausibility in VR. Brübach, Larissa; Röhm, Mona; Westermeier, Franziska; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE Computer Society, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This work presents a study where we used incongruencies on the cognitive and the perceptual layer to investigate their effects on perceived plausibility and, thereby, presence and spatial presence. We used a 2x3 within-subject design with the factors familiar size (cognitive manipulation) and immersion (perceptual manipulation). For the different levels of immersion, we implemented three different tracking qualities: rotation-and-translation tracking, rotation-only tracking, and stereoscopic-view-only tracking. Participants scanned products in a virtual supermarket where the familiar size of these objects was manipulated. Simultaneously, they could either move their head normally or need to use the thumbsticks to navigate their view of the environment. Results show that both manipulations had a negative effect on perceived plausibility and, thereby, presence. In addition, the tracking manipulation also had a negative effect on spatial presence. These results are especially interesting in light of the ongoing discussion about the role of plausibility and congruence in evaluating XR environments. The results can hardly be explained by traditional presence models, where immersion should not be an influencing factor for perceived plausibility. However, they are in agreement with the recently introduced Congruence and Plausibility (CaP) model and provide empirical evidence for the model's predicted pathways.

  @inproceedings{brubach2024manipulating, abstract = {This work presents a study where we used incongruencies on the cognitive and the perceptual layer to investigate their effects on perceived plausibility and, thereby, presence and spatial presence. We used a 2x3 within-subject design with the factors familiar size (cognitive manipulation) and immersion (perceptual manipulation). For the different levels of immersion, we implemented three different tracking qualities: rotation-and-translation tracking, rotation-only tracking, and stereoscopic-view-only tracking. Participants scanned products in a virtual supermarket where the familiar size of these objects was manipulated. Simultaneously, they could either move their head normally or need to use the thumbsticks to navigate their view of the environment. Results show that both manipulations had a negative effect on perceived plausibility and, thereby, presence. In addition, the tracking manipulation also had a negative effect on spatial presence. These results are especially interesting in light of the ongoing discussion about the role of plausibility and congruence in evaluating XR environments. The results can hardly be explained by traditional presence models, where immersion should not be an influencing factor for perceived plausibility. However, they are in agreement with the recently introduced Congruence and Plausibility (CaP) model and provide empirical evidence for the model's predicted pathways.}, author = {Brübach, Larissa and Röhm, Mona and Westermeier, Franziska and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {xrhub}, note = {IEEE ISMAR Best Paper Nominee 🏆}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {Manipulating Immersion: The Impact of Perceptual Incongruence on Perceived Plausibility in VR}, year = 2024 }
• Challenges for Quantum Software Engineering: An Industrial Application Scenario Perspective. Carbonelli, Cecilia; Felderer, Michael; Jung, Matthias; Lobe, Elisabeth; Lochau, Malte; Luber, Sebastian; Mauerer, Wolfgang; Ramler, Rudolf; Schaefer, Ina; Schroth, Christoph. In Quantum Software: Aspects of Theory and System Design, I. Exman, R. Pérez-Castillo, M. Piattini, M. Felderer (Hrsg.), S. 311–335. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Quantum software is becoming a key enabler for applying quantum computing to industrial use cases. This poses challenges to quantum software engineering in providing efficient and effective means to develop such software. Eventually, this must be reliably achieved in time, on budget, and in quality, using sound and well-principled engineering approaches. Given that quantum computers are based on fundamentally different principles than classical machines, this raises the question if, how, and to what extent established techniques for systematically engineering software need to be adapted. In this chapter, we analyze three paradigmatic application scenarios for quantum software engineering from an industrial perspective. The respective use cases center around (1) optimization and quantum cloud services, (2) quantum simulation, and (3) embedded quantum computing. Our aim is to provide a concise overview of the current and future applications of quantum computing in diverse industrial settings. We derive presumed challenges for quantum software engineering and thus provide research directions for this emerging field.

  @inbook{Carbonelli2024, abstract = {Quantum software is becoming a key enabler for applying quantum computing to industrial use cases. This poses challenges to quantum software engineering in providing efficient and effective means to develop such software. Eventually, this must be reliably achieved in time, on budget, and in quality, using sound and well-principled engineering approaches. Given that quantum computers are based on fundamentally different principles than classical machines, this raises the question if, how, and to what extent established techniques for systematically engineering software need to be adapted. In this chapter, we analyze three paradigmatic application scenarios for quantum software engineering from an industrial perspective. The respective use cases center around (1) optimization and quantum cloud services, (2) quantum simulation, and (3) embedded quantum computing. Our aim is to provide a concise overview of the current and future applications of quantum computing in diverse industrial settings. We derive presumed challenges for quantum software engineering and thus provide research directions for this emerging field.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Carbonelli, Cecilia and Felderer, Michael and Jung, Matthias and Lobe, Elisabeth and Lochau, Malte and Luber, Sebastian and Mauerer, Wolfgang and Ramler, Rudolf and Schaefer, Ina and Schroth, Christoph}, booktitle = {Quantum Software: Aspects of Theory and System Design}, editor = {Exman, Iaakov and P{\'e}rez-Castillo, Ricardo and Piattini, Mario and Felderer, Michael}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {311–335}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {Challenges for Quantum Software Engineering: An Industrial Application Scenario Perspective}, year = 2024 }
• From Avatars to Agents: Self-Related Cues through Embodiment and Personalization Affect Body Perception in Virtual Reality. Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Mal, David; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, S. 1–11. 2024.
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  Our work investigates the influence of self-related cues in the design of virtual humans on body perception in virtual reality. In a 2x2 mixed design, 64 participants faced photorealistic virtual humans either as a motion-synchronized embodied avatar or as an autonomous moving agent, appearing subsequently with a personalized and generic texture. Our results unveil that self-related cues through embodiment and personalization yield an individual and complemented increase in participants' sense of embodiment and self-identification towards the virtual human. Different body weight modification and estimation tasks further showed an impact of both factors on participants' body weight perception. Additional analyses revealed that the participant's body mass index predicted body weight estimations in all conditions and that participants' self-esteem and body shape concerns correlated with different body weight perception results. Hence, we have demonstrated the occurrence of double standards through induced self-related cues in virtual human perception, especially through embodiment.

  @article{fiedler2024selfcues, abstract = {Our work investigates the influence of self-related cues in the design of virtual humans on body perception in virtual reality. In a 2x2 mixed design, 64 participants faced photorealistic virtual humans either as a motion-synchronized embodied avatar or as an autonomous moving agent, appearing subsequently with a personalized and generic texture. Our results unveil that self-related cues through embodiment and personalization yield an individual and complemented increase in participants' sense of embodiment and self-identification towards the virtual human. Different body weight modification and estimation tasks further showed an impact of both factors on participants' body weight perception. Additional analyses revealed that the participant's body mass index predicted body weight estimations in all conditions and that participants' self-esteem and body shape concerns correlated with different body weight perception results. Hence, we have demonstrated the occurrence of double standards through induced self-related cues in virtual human perception, especially through embodiment.}, author = {Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Mal, David and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {mfiedler}, pages = {1-11}, title = {From Avatars to Agents: Self-Related Cues through Embodiment and Personalization Affect Body Perception in Virtual Reality}, year = 2024 }
• Inferring Private Personal Attributes of Virtual Reality Users from Ecologically Valid Head and Hand Motion Data. Nair, Vivek; Rack, Christian; Guo, Wenbo; Wang, Rui; Li, Shuixian; Huang, Brandon; Cull, Atticus; O’Brien, James F.; Latoschik, Marc; Rosenberg, Louis; Song, Dawn. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 477–484. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{10536245, author = {Nair, Vivek and Rack, Christian and Guo, Wenbo and Wang, Rui and Li, Shuixian and Huang, Brandon and Cull, Atticus and O'Brien, James F. and Latoschik, Marc and Rosenberg, Louis and Song, Dawn}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {schell}, pages = {477-484}, title = {Inferring Private Personal Attributes of Virtual Reality Users from Ecologically Valid Head and Hand Motion Data}, year = 2024 }
• Personal Space Invasion to Prevent Cyberbullying: Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Immersive Prevention Measure for Children and Adolescents. Wienrich, Carolin; Horn, Viktoria; Bürger, Arne; Krauss, Jana. In Springer Virtual Reality. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Previous work on cyberbullying has shown that the number of victims is increasing and the need for prevention is exceptionally high among younger school students (5th-9th grade). Due to the omnipresence of cyberattacks, victims can hardly distance themselves psychologically, thus experience an intrusion in almost all areas of life. The perpetrators, on the other hand, feel the consequences of their actions even less in cyberspace. However, there is a gap between the need and the existence of innovative prevention programs tied to the digital reality of the target group and the treatment of essential aspects of psychological distance. This article explores the design space, feasibility, and effectiveness of a unique VR-based cyberbullying prevention component in a human-centered iterative approach. The central idea is reflected in creating a virtual personal space invasion with virtual objects associated with cyberbullying making the everyday intrusion of victims tangible. A pre-study revealed that harmful speech texts in bright non-removable message boxes best transferred the psychological determinants associated with a personal space invasion to virtual objects contextualized in cyberbullying scenarios. Therefore, these objects were incorporated into a virtual prevention program that was then tested in a laboratory study with 41 participants. The results showed that the intervention could trigger cognitive dissonance and empathy. In the second step, the intervention was evaluated and improved in a focus group with the actual target group of children and adolescents. The improved application was then evaluated in a school workshop for five days with 100 children and adolescents. The children understood the metaphor of virtual space invasion by the harmful text boxes and reported the expected psychological effects. They also showed great interest in VR. In summary, this paper contributes to the innovative and effective prevention of cyberbullying by using the potential of VR. It provides empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment and a field study with a large sample from the target group of children and adolescents and discusses implications for future developments.

  @article{wienrich2024personal, abstract = {Previous work on cyberbullying has shown that the number of victims is increasing and the need for prevention is exceptionally high among younger school students (5th-9th grade). Due to the omnipresence of cyberattacks, victims can hardly distance themselves psychologically, thus experience an intrusion in almost all areas of life. The perpetrators, on the other hand, feel the consequences of their actions even less in cyberspace. However, there is a gap between the need and the existence of innovative prevention programs tied to the digital reality of the target group and the treatment of essential aspects of psychological distance. This article explores the design space, feasibility, and effectiveness of a unique VR-based cyberbullying prevention component in a human-centered iterative approach. The central idea is reflected in creating a virtual personal space invasion with virtual objects associated with cyberbullying making the everyday intrusion of victims tangible. A pre-study revealed that harmful speech texts in bright non-removable message boxes best transferred the psychological determinants associated with a personal space invasion to virtual objects contextualized in cyberbullying scenarios. Therefore, these objects were incorporated into a virtual prevention program that was then tested in a laboratory study with 41 participants. The results showed that the intervention could trigger cognitive dissonance and empathy. In the second step, the intervention was evaluated and improved in a focus group with the actual target group of children and adolescents. The improved application was then evaluated in a school workshop for five days with 100 children and adolescents. The children understood the metaphor of virtual space invasion by the harmful text boxes and reported the expected psychological effects. They also showed great interest in VR. In summary, this paper contributes to the innovative and effective prevention of cyberbullying by using the potential of VR. It provides empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment and a field study with a large sample from the target group of children and adolescents and discusses implications for future developments.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Horn, Viktoria and Bürger, Arne and Krauss, Jana}, journal = {Springer Virtual Reality}, keywords = {jkrauss}, title = {Personal Space Invasion to Prevent Cyberbullying: Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Immersive Prevention Measure for Children and Adolescents}, year = 2024 }
• Pushing Yourself to the Limit-Influence of Emotional Virtual Environment Design on Physical Training in VR. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Najjar, Amiin; Tümmers, Clemens; Latoschik, Marc. In ACM Games: Research and Practice. ACM New York, NY, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{oberdorfer2024pushing, author = {Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Najjar, Amiin and T{\"u}mmers, Clemens and Latoschik, Marc}, journal = {ACM Games: Research and Practice}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, publisher = {ACM New York, NY}, title = {Pushing Yourself to the Limit-Influence of Emotional Virtual Environment Design on Physical Training in VR}, year = 2024 }
• Introducing a Model for (Long-term) Personalization of the Behavior of a Social Robot Tutor based on Self-determination Theory and Empirical Findings. Melissa, Donnermann; Birgit, Lugrin. In 2024 33th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024), S. 1279–1286. IEEE, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{melissa2024introducing, author = {Melissa, Donnermann and Birgit, Lugrin}, booktitle = {2024 33th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024)}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {1279-1286}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Introducing a Model for (Long-term) Personalization of the Behavior of a Social Robot Tutor based on Self-determination Theory and Empirical Findings}, year = 2024 }
• Integration of Robot-supported Tutoring in Higher Education - An Empirically Based Concept. Donnermann, Melissa; Lugrin, Birgit. In ACM 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (ICETC 2024), Bd. in press. ACM, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{donnermann2024integration, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {ACM 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (ICETC 2024)}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Integration of Robot-supported Tutoring in Higher Education - An Empirically Based Concept}, volume = {in press}, year = 2024 }
• Universal Access for Social XR Across Devices: The Impact of Immersion on the Experience in Asymmetric Virtual Collaboration. Merz, Christian; Göttfert, Christopher; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR ’24). IEEE, 2024.
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  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This article investigates the influence of input/output device characteristics and degrees of immersion on the User Experience (UX) of specific eXtended Reality (XR) effects, i.e., presence, self-perception, other-perception, and task perception. It targets universal access to social XR, where dedicated XR hardware is unavailable or can not be used, but participation is desirable or even necessary. We compare three different device configurations: (i) desktop screen with mouse, (ii) desktop screen with tracked controllers, and (iii) Head-Mounted Display (HMD) with tracked controllers. 87 participants took part in collaborative dyadic interaction (a sorting task) with asymmetric device configurations in a specifically developed social XR. In line with prior research, the sense of presence and embodiment were significantly lower for the desktop setups. However, we only found minor differences in task load and no differences in usability and enjoyment of the task between the conditions. Additionally, the perceived humanness and virtual human plausibility of the other were not affected, no matter the device used. Finally, there was no impact regarding co-presence and social presence independent of the level of immersion of oneself or the other. We conclude that the device in social XR is important for self-perception and presence. However, our results indicate that the devices do not affect important UX and usability aspects, specifically, the qualities of social interaction in collaborative scenarios, paving the way for universal access to social XR encounters and significantly promoting participation.

  @inproceedings{merz2024universal, abstract = {This article investigates the influence of input/output device characteristics and degrees of immersion on the User Experience (UX) of specific eXtended Reality (XR) effects, i.e., presence, self-perception, other-perception, and task perception. It targets universal access to social XR, where dedicated XR hardware is unavailable or can not be used, but participation is desirable or even necessary. We compare three different device configurations: (i) desktop screen with mouse, (ii) desktop screen with tracked controllers, and (iii) Head-Mounted Display (HMD) with tracked controllers. 87 participants took part in collaborative dyadic interaction (a sorting task) with asymmetric device configurations in a specifically developed social XR. In line with prior research, the sense of presence and embodiment were significantly lower for the desktop setups. However, we only found minor differences in task load and no differences in usability and enjoyment of the task between the conditions. Additionally, the perceived humanness and virtual human plausibility of the other were not affected, no matter the device used. Finally, there was no impact regarding co-presence and social presence independent of the level of immersion of oneself or the other. We conclude that the device in social XR is important for self-perception and presence. However, our results indicate that the devices do not affect important UX and usability aspects, specifically, the qualities of social interaction in collaborative scenarios, paving the way for universal access to social XR encounters and significantly promoting participation.}, author = {Merz, Christian and Göttfert, Christopher and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR '24)}, keywords = {merz}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Universal Access for Social XR Across Devices: The Impact of Immersion on the Experience in Asymmetric Virtual Collaboration}, year = 2024 }
• Storylines with a Protagonist. Hegemann, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. Felsner, K. Klein (Hrsg.), S. 26:1–22. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{hw-sp-GD24, author = {Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'24)}, editor = {Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {26:1–22}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Storylines with a Protagonist}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• Navigating the Kinematic Maze: Analyzing, Standardizing and Unifying XR Motion Datasets. Rack, Christian; Nair, Vivek; Schach, Lukas; Foschum, Felix; Roth, Marcel; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper addresses the critical importance of standards and documentation in kinematic research, particularly within Extended Reality (XR) environments. We focus on the pivotal role of motion data, emphasizing the challenges posed by the current lack of standardized practices in XR user motion datasets. Our work involves a detailed analysis of 8 existing datasets, identifying gaps in documentation and essential specifications such as coordinate systems, rotation representations, and units of measurement. We highlight how these gaps can lead to misinterpretations and irreproducible results. Based on our findings, we propose a set of guidelines and best practices for creating and documenting motion datasets, aiming to improve their quality, usability, and reproducibility. We also created a web-based tool for visual inspection of motion recordings, further aiding in dataset evaluation and standardization. Furthermore, we introduce the XR Motion Dataset Catalogue, a collection of the analyzed datasets in a unified and aligned format. This initiative significantly streamlines access for researchers, allowing them to download partial or entire datasets with a single line of code and without the need for additional alignment efforts. Our contributions enhance dataset integrity and reliability in kinematic research, paving the way for more consistent and scientifically robust studies in this evolving field.

  @inproceedings{noauthororeditor2024navigating, abstract = {This paper addresses the critical importance of standards and documentation in kinematic research, particularly within Extended Reality (XR) environments. We focus on the pivotal role of motion data, emphasizing the challenges posed by the current lack of standardized practices in XR user motion datasets. Our work involves a detailed analysis of 8 existing datasets, identifying gaps in documentation and essential specifications such as coordinate systems, rotation representations, and units of measurement. We highlight how these gaps can lead to misinterpretations and irreproducible results. Based on our findings, we propose a set of guidelines and best practices for creating and documenting motion datasets, aiming to improve their quality, usability, and reproducibility. We also created a web-based tool for visual inspection of motion recordings, further aiding in dataset evaluation and standardization. Furthermore, we introduce the XR Motion Dataset Catalogue, a collection of the analyzed datasets in a unified and aligned format. This initiative significantly streamlines access for researchers, allowing them to download partial or entire datasets with a single line of code and without the need for additional alignment efforts. Our contributions enhance dataset integrity and reliability in kinematic research, paving the way for more consistent and scientifically robust studies in this evolving field.}, author = {Rack, Christian and Nair, Vivek and Schach, Lukas and Foschum, Felix and Roth, Marcel and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {schell}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Navigating the Kinematic Maze: Analyzing, Standardizing and Unifying XR Motion Datasets}, year = 2024 }
• Influence of Virtual Shoe Formality on Gait and Cognitive Performance in a VR Walking Task. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Birnstiel, Sandra; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR ’24). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  Depending on their formality, clothes do not only change one's appearance, but can also influence behavior and cognitive processes. Shoes are a special aspect of an outfit. Besides coming in various degrees of formality, their structure can affect human gait. Avatars used to embody users in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) can wear any kind of clothing. According to the Proteus Effect, the appearance of a user's avatar can influence their behavior. Users change their behavior in accordance to the expected behavior of the avatar. In our study, we embody 39 participants with a generic avatar of the user's gender wearing three different pairs of shoes as within condition. The shoes differ in degree of formality. We measure the gait during a 2-minute walking task during which participants wore the same real shoe and assess selective attention using the Stroop task. Our results show significant differences in gait between the tested virtual shoe pairs. We found small effects between the three shoe conditions with respect to selective attention. However, we found no significant differences with respect to correct items and response time in the Stroop task. Thus, our results indicate that virtual shoes are accepted by users and, although not eliciting any physical constraints, lead to changes in gait. This suggests that users not only adjust personal behavior according to the Proteus Effect, but also are affected by virtual biomechanical constraints. Also, our results suggest a potential influence of virtual clothing on cognitive performance.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2024influence, abstract = {Depending on their formality, clothes do not only change one's appearance, but can also influence behavior and cognitive processes. Shoes are a special aspect of an outfit. Besides coming in various degrees of formality, their structure can affect human gait. Avatars used to embody users in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) can wear any kind of clothing. According to the Proteus Effect, the appearance of a user's avatar can influence their behavior. Users change their behavior in accordance to the expected behavior of the avatar. In our study, we embody 39 participants with a generic avatar of the user's gender wearing three different pairs of shoes as within condition. The shoes differ in degree of formality. We measure the gait during a 2-minute walking task during which participants wore the same real shoe and assess selective attention using the Stroop task. Our results show significant differences in gait between the tested virtual shoe pairs. We found small effects between the three shoe conditions with respect to selective attention. However, we found no significant differences with respect to correct items and response time in the Stroop task. Thus, our results indicate that virtual shoes are accepted by users and, although not eliciting any physical constraints, lead to changes in gait. This suggests that users not only adjust personal behavior according to the Proteus Effect, but also are affected by virtual biomechanical constraints. Also, our results suggest a potential influence of virtual clothing on cognitive performance.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Birnstiel, Sandra and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Virtual Reality conference (VR '24)}, keywords = {dark-sides-vr}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Influence of Virtual Shoe Formality on Gait and Cognitive Performance in a VR Walking Task}, year = 2024 }
• An Agent-based, Interactive Simulation Model of Root Growth. Mußmann, Marc; Hofstadler, Daniel Nicolas; von Mammen, Sebastian. In ALIFE 2024: Proceedings of the 2024 Artificial Life Conference. MIT Press, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Mussmann:2024aa, author = {Mu{\ss}mann, Marc and Hofstadler, Daniel Nicolas and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {ALIFE 2024: Proceedings of the 2024 Artificial Life Conference}, keywords = {myown}, organization = {MIT Press}, title = {An Agent-based, Interactive Simulation Model of Root Growth}, year = 2024 }
• Meet or Call my Robotic Tutor? - The Effect of a Physically vs. Virtually Present Social Robot on Learning Outcomes, Engagement and Perception. Donnermann, Melissa; Heinzmann, Pauline; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{10.1145/3610978.3640679, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Heinzmann, Pauline and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024)}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Meet or Call my Robotic Tutor? - The Effect of a Physically vs. Virtually Present Social Robot on Learning Outcomes, Engagement and Perception}, year = 2024 }
• Verantwortungsvolle Empfehlungssysteme für die medizinische Diagnostik. Schlör, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In Edition Moderne Postmoderne, S. 101. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{schlorverantwortungsvolle, author = {Schl{\"o}r, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Edition Moderne Postmoderne}, keywords = 2024, pages = 101, title = {Verantwortungsvolle Empfehlungssysteme f{\"u}r die medizinische Diagnostik}, year = 2024 }
• Generating Temporal Contact Graphs Using Random Walkers. Almasan, Anton-David; Shvydun, Sergey; Scholtes, Ingo; Mieghem, Piet Van. In CoRR, abs/2409.08690. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2409-08690, author = {Almasan, Anton-David and Shvydun, Sergey and Scholtes, Ingo and Mieghem, Piet Van}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Generating Temporal Contact Graphs Using Random Walkers.}, volume = {abs/2409.08690}, year = 2024 }
• Towards the development of an automated robotic storyteller: comparing approaches for emotional story annotation for non-verbal expression via body language. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Zehe, Albin; Schnetter, Peggy; Hotho, Andreas; Lugrin, Birgit. In J. Multimodal User Interfaces, 18(4), S. 1–23. 2024.
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{steinhaeusser2024towards, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Zehe, Albin and Schnetter, Peggy and Hotho, Andreas and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {J. Multimodal User Interfaces}, keywords = 2024, number = 4, pages = {1–23}, title = {Towards the development of an automated robotic storyteller: comparing approaches for emotional story annotation for non-verbal expression via body language}, volume = 18, year = 2024 }
• ModeConv: A Novel Convolution for Distinguishing Anomalous and Normal Structural Behavior. Schaller, Melanie; Schlör, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2407.00140. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{schaller2024modeconv, author = {Schaller, Melanie and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {ModeConv: {A} Novel Convolution for Distinguishing Anomalous and Normal Structural Behavior}, volume = {abs/2407.00140}, year = 2024 }
• Systematic Evaluation of Synthetic Data Augmentation for Multi-class NetFlow Traffic. Wolf, Maximilian; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In CoRR, abs/2408.16034. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{wolf2024systematic, author = {Wolf, Maximilian and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {Systematic Evaluation of Synthetic Data Augmentation for Multi-class NetFlow Traffic}, volume = {abs/2408.16034}, year = 2024 }
• Erste Flugergebnisse der Satellitenmission SONATE-2. Balagurin, O.; Greiner, T.; Herbst, T.; Kaiser, T.; Kayal, H.; Männel, J.; Maurer, A.; Neumann, T.; Riegler, C.; Schwarz, T. In Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Hamburg, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  SONATE-2 ist eine Technologiedemonstrationsmission im 6U -CubeSat-Format, deren Hauptziel es ist, neuartige Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz für den Einsatz auf Nanosatelliten im Orbit zu verifizieren. Nach etwa drei Jahren Entwicklungszeit wurde der SONATE-2-Satellit Anfang März 2024 durch eine Falcon-9-Rakete in den Low Earth Orbit befördert und wird seitdem vom eigenen Missionskontrollzentrum der Uni-versität Würzburg betrieben. Dieses Paper fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten fünf Monate des Satellitenbe-triebs zusammen.

  @inproceedings{https://doi.org/10.25967/630218, abstract = {SONATE-2 ist eine Technologiedemonstrationsmission im 6U -CubeSat-Format, deren Hauptziel es ist, neuartige Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz für den Einsatz auf Nanosatelliten im Orbit zu verifizieren. Nach etwa drei Jahren Entwicklungszeit wurde der SONATE-2-Satellit Anfang März 2024 durch eine Falcon-9-Rakete in den Low Earth Orbit befördert und wird seitdem vom eigenen Missionskontrollzentrum der Uni-versität Würzburg betrieben. Dieses Paper fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten fünf Monate des Satellitenbe-triebs zusammen.}, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Balagurin, O. and Greiner, T. and Herbst, T. and Kaiser, T. and Kayal, H. and Männel, J. and Maurer, A. and Neumann, T. and Riegler, C. and Schwarz, T.}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress}, keywords = {cubesat}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {Erste Flugergebnisse der Satellitenmission SONATE-2}, year = 2024 }
• The Price of Upwardness. Angelini, Patrizio; Biedl, Therese; Chimani, Markus; Cornelsen, Sabine; Da Lozzo, Giordano; Hong, Seok-Hee; Liotta, Giuseppe; Patrignani, Maurizio; Pupyrev, Sergey; Rutter, Ignaz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. Felsner, K. Klein (Hrsg.), S. 13:1–20. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{abccdhlpprw-pu-GD24, author = {Angelini, Patrizio and Biedl, Therese and Chimani, Markus and Cornelsen, Sabine and {Da Lozzo}, Giordano and Hong, Seok-Hee and Liotta, Giuseppe and Patrignani, Maurizio and Pupyrev, Sergey and Rutter, Ignaz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'24)}, editor = {Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {13:1–20}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {The Price of Upwardness}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• Adjacency Graphs of Polyhedral Surfaces. Arseneva, Elena; Kleist, Linda; Klemz, Boris; Löffler, Maarten; Schulz, André; Vogtenhuber, Birgit; Wolff, Alexander. In Discrete & Computational Geometry, 71, S. 1429–1455. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  We study whether a given graph can be realized as an adjacency graph of the polygonal cells of a polyhedral surface in~\($\mathbb{R}^3$\). We show that every graph is realizable as a polyhedral surface with arbitrary polygonal cells, and that this is not true if we require the cells to be convex. In particular, if the given graph contains \($K_5$\), \($K_{5,81}$\), or any nonplanar \($3$\)-tree as a subgraph, no such realization exists. On the other hand, all planar graphs, \($K_{4,4}$\), and \($K_{3,5}$\) can be realized with convex cells. The same holds for any subdivision of any graph where each edge is subdivided at least once, and, by a result from McMullen et al.~(1983), for any hypercube. par Our results have implications on the maximum density of graphs describing polyhedral surfaces with convex cells: The realizability of hypercubes shows that the maximum number of edges over all realizable \($n$\)-vertex graphs is in \($\Omega(n \log n)$\). From the non-realizability of \($K_{5,81}$\), we obtain that any realizable \($n$\)-vertex graph has \($\bigO(n^{9/5})$\) edges. As such, these graphs can be considerably denser than planar graphs, but not arbitrarily dense.

  @article{akklsvw-dgps-DCG24, abstract = {We study whether a given graph can be realized as an adjacency graph of the polygonal cells of a polyhedral surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that every graph is realizable as a polyhedral surface with arbitrary polygonal cells, and that this is not true if we require the cells to be convex. In particular, if the given graph contains $K_5$, $K_{5,81}$, or any nonplanar $3$-tree as a subgraph, no such realization exists. On the other hand, all planar graphs, $K_{4,4}$, and $K_{3,5}$ can be realized with convex cells. The same holds for any subdivision of any graph where each edge is subdivided at least once, and, by a result from McMullen et al. (1983), for any hypercube. \par Our results have implications on the maximum density of graphs describing polyhedral surfaces with convex cells: The realizability of hypercubes shows that the maximum number of edges over all realizable $n$-vertex graphs is in $\Omega(n \log n)$. From the non-realizability of $K_{5,81}$, we obtain that any realizable $n$-vertex graph has $\bigO(n^{9/5})$ edges. As such, these graphs can be considerably denser than planar graphs, but not arbitrarily dense.}, author = {Arseneva, Elena and Kleist, Linda and Klemz, Boris and Löffler, Maarten and Schulz, André and Vogtenhuber, Birgit and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Discrete \& Computational Geometry}, keywords = {realizability}, pages = {1429–1455}, title = {Adjacency Graphs of Polyhedral Surfaces}, volume = 71, year = 2024 }
• Uli-RL: A Real-World Deep Reinforcement Learning Pedagogical Agent for Children. Riedmann, Anna; Götz, Julia; D’Eramo, Carlo; Lugrin, Birgit. In 47th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Bd. to appear. von KI 2024. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{riedmann2024rlagent, author = {Riedmann, Anna and Götz, Julia and D’Eramo, Carlo and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {47th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, keywords = {sia}, series = {KI 2024}, title = {Uli-RL: A Real-World Deep Reinforcement Learning Pedagogical Agent for Children}, volume = {to appear.}, year = 2024 }
• Effect of Duration and Delay on the Identifiability of VR Motion. Miller, Mark R; Nair, Vivek C; Han, Eugy; DeVeaux, Cyan; Rack, Christian; Wang, Rui; Huang, Brandon; Latoschik, Marc Erich; O’Brien, James F; Bailenson, Jeremy N. In 2024 IEEE 25th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{miller2024effect, author = {Miller, Mark R and Nair, Vivek C and Han, Eugy and DeVeaux, Cyan and Rack, Christian and Wang, Rui and Huang, Brandon and Latoschik, Marc Erich and O'Brien, James F and Bailenson, Jeremy N}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 25th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)}, keywords = {schell}, title = {Effect of Duration and Delay on the Identifiability of VR Motion}, year = 2024 }
• Meta AI Literacy Scale: Further validation and development of a short version. Koch, Martin J.; Carolus, Astrid; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Heliyon, S. 23. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The concept of AI literacy, its promotion, and measurement are important topics as they prepare society for the steadily advancing spread of AI technology. The first purpose of the current study is to advance the measurement of AI literacy by collecting evidence regarding the validity of the Meta AI Literacy Scale (MAILS) by Carolus and colleagues published in 2023: a self-assessment instrument for AI literacy and additional psychological competencies conducive for the use of AI. For this purpose, we first formulated the intended measurement purposes of the MAILS. In a second step, we derived empirically testable axioms and subaxioms from the purposes. We tested them in several already published and newly collected data sets. The results are presented in the form of three different empirical studies. We found overall evidence for the validity of the MAILS with some unexpected findings that require further research. We discuss the results for each study individually and also together. Also, avenues for future research are discussed. The study’s second purpose is to develop a short version (10 items) of the original instrument (34 items). It was possible to find a selection of ten items that represent the factors of the MAILS and show a good model fit when tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Further research will be needed to validate the short scale. This paper advances the knowledge about the validity and provides a short measure for AI literacy. However, more research will be necessary to further our understanding of the relationships between AI literacy and other constructs.

  @article{koch2024literacy, abstract = {The concept of AI literacy, its promotion, and measurement are important topics as they prepare society for the steadily advancing spread of AI technology. The first purpose of the current study is to advance the measurement of AI literacy by collecting evidence regarding the validity of the Meta AI Literacy Scale (MAILS) by Carolus and colleagues published in 2023: a self-assessment instrument for AI literacy and additional psychological competencies conducive for the use of AI. For this purpose, we first formulated the intended measurement purposes of the MAILS. In a second step, we derived empirically testable axioms and subaxioms from the purposes. We tested them in several already published and newly collected data sets. The results are presented in the form of three different empirical studies. We found overall evidence for the validity of the MAILS with some unexpected findings that require further research. We discuss the results for each study individually and also together. Also, avenues for future research are discussed. The study’s second purpose is to develop a short version (10 items) of the original instrument (34 items). It was possible to find a selection of ten items that represent the factors of the MAILS and show a good model fit when tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Further research will be needed to validate the short scale. This paper advances the knowledge about the validity and provides a short measure for AI literacy. However, more research will be necessary to further our understanding of the relationships between AI literacy and other constructs.}, author = {Koch, Martin J. and Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Heliyon}, keywords = {aiatwork}, pages = 23, title = {Meta AI Literacy Scale: Further validation and development of a short version}, year = 2024 }
• Investigating Social Robots in Medical Offices - A Field Study. Donnermann, Melissa; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lein, Martina; Binder, Uli; Lugrin, Birgit. In 20th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO 2024). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{donnermann2024investigating, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lein, Martina and Binder, Uli and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {20th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO 2024)}, keywords = {lein}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Investigating Social Robots in Medical Offices - A Field Study}, year = 2024 }
• Towards Explainable, Coordinated and Proactive Autoscaling for Microservices and Function Chains. Straesser, Martin. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @presentation{straesser2024towards, author = {Straesser, Martin}, keywords = {microservices}, title = {Towards Explainable, Coordinated and Proactive Autoscaling for Microservices and Function Chains}, year = 2024 }
• Object Motion Manipulation and time perception in virtual reality. Landeck, Maximilian; Unruh, Fabian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 5. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper presents a novel approach to altering how time is perceived in Virtual Reality (VR). It involves manipulating the speed and pattern of motion in objects associated with timekeeping, both directly (such as clocks) and indirectly (like pendulums). Objects influencing our perception of time are called ‘zeitgebers‘; for instance, observing a clock or pendulum tends to affect how we perceive the passage of time. The speed of motion of their internal parts (clock hands or pendulum rings) is explicitly or implicitly related to the perception of time. However, the perceptual effects of accelerating or decelerating the speed of a virtual clock or pendulum in VR is still an open question. We hypothesize that the acceleration of their internal motion will accelerate the passage of time and that the irregularity of the orbit pendulum’s motion will amplify this effect. We anticipate that the irregular movements of the pendulum will lower boredom and heighten attention, thereby making time seem to pass more quickly. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 32 participants, exposing them to two types of virtual zeitgebers exhibiting both regular and irregular motions. These were a virtual clock and an orbit pendulum, each operating at slow, normal, and fast speeds. Our results revealed that time passed by faster when participants observed virtual zeitgebers in the fast speed condition than in the slow speed condition. The orbit pendulum significantly accelerated the perceived passage of time compared to the clock. We believe that the irregular motion requires a higher degree of attention, which is confirmed by the significantly longer gaze fixations of the participants. These findings are crucial for time perception manipulation in VR, offering potential for innovative treatments for conditions like depression and improving wellbeing. Yet, further clinical research is needed to confirm these applications.

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2024.1390703, abstract = {This paper presents a novel approach to altering how time is perceived in Virtual Reality (VR). It involves manipulating the speed and pattern of motion in objects associated with timekeeping, both directly (such as clocks) and indirectly (like pendulums). Objects influencing our perception of time are called ‘zeitgebers‘; for instance, observing a clock or pendulum tends to affect how we perceive the passage of time. The speed of motion of their internal parts (clock hands or pendulum rings) is explicitly or implicitly related to the perception of time. However, the perceptual effects of accelerating or decelerating the speed of a virtual clock or pendulum in VR is still an open question. We hypothesize that the acceleration of their internal motion will accelerate the passage of time and that the irregularity of the orbit pendulum’s motion will amplify this effect. We anticipate that the irregular movements of the pendulum will lower boredom and heighten attention, thereby making time seem to pass more quickly. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 32 participants, exposing them to two types of virtual zeitgebers exhibiting both regular and irregular motions. These were a virtual clock and an orbit pendulum, each operating at slow, normal, and fast speeds. Our results revealed that time passed by faster when participants observed virtual zeitgebers in the fast speed condition than in the slow speed condition. The orbit pendulum significantly accelerated the perceived passage of time compared to the clock. We believe that the irregular motion requires a higher degree of attention, which is confirmed by the significantly longer gaze fixations of the participants. These findings are crucial for time perception manipulation in VR, offering potential for innovative treatments for conditions like depression and improving wellbeing. Yet, further clinical research is needed to confirm these applications.}, author = {Landeck, Maximilian and Unruh, Fabian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, title = {Object Motion Manipulation and time perception in virtual reality}, volume = 5, year = 2024 }
• Analysis of Immersive Mid-Air Sketching Behavior, Sketch Quality, and User Experience in Design Ideation Tasks. Monty, Samantha; Kern, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE Computer Society, 2024.
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  Immersive 3D sketching systems empower users with tools to create sketches directly in the air around themselves, in all three dimensions, using only simple hand gestures. These sketching systems have the potential to greatly extend the interactive capabilities of immersive learning environments. The perceptual challenges of Virtual Reality (VR), however, combined with the ergonomic and cognitive challenges of creating mid-air 3D sketches reduce the effectiveness of immersive sketching used for problem-solving, reflection, and to capture fleeting ideas. We contribute to the understanding of the potential challenges of mid-air sketching systems in educational settings, where expression is valued higher than accuracy, and sketches are used to support problem-solving and to explain abstract concepts. We conducted an empirical study with 36 participants with different spatial abilities to investigate if the way that people sketch in mid-air is dependent on the goal of the sketch. We compare the technique, quality, efficiency, and experience of participants as they create 3D mid-air sketches in three different tasks. We examine how users approach mid-air sketching when the sketches they create serve to convey meaning and when sketches are merely reproductions of geometric models created by someone else. We found that in tasks aimed at expressing personal design ideas, between starting and ending strokes, participants moved their heads more and their controllers at higher velocities and created strokes in faster times than in tasks aimed at recreating 3D geometric figures. They reported feeling less time pressure to complete sketches but redacted a larger percentage of strokes. These findings serve to inform the design of creative virtual environments that support reasoning and reflection through mid-air sketching. With this work, we aim to strengthen the power of immersive systems that support midair 3D sketching by exploiting natural user behavior to assist users to more quickly and faithfully convey their meaning in sketches.

  @inproceedings{monty2024, abstract = {Immersive 3D sketching systems empower users with tools to create sketches directly in the air around themselves, in all three dimensions, using only simple hand gestures. These sketching systems have the potential to greatly extend the interactive capabilities of immersive learning environments. The perceptual challenges of Virtual Reality (VR), however, combined with the ergonomic and cognitive challenges of creating mid-air 3D sketches reduce the effectiveness of immersive sketching used for problem-solving, reflection, and to capture fleeting ideas. We contribute to the understanding of the potential challenges of mid-air sketching systems in educational settings, where expression is valued higher than accuracy, and sketches are used to support problem-solving and to explain abstract concepts. We conducted an empirical study with 36 participants with different spatial abilities to investigate if the way that people sketch in mid-air is dependent on the goal of the sketch. We compare the technique, quality, efficiency, and experience of participants as they create 3D mid-air sketches in three different tasks. We examine how users approach mid-air sketching when the sketches they create serve to convey meaning and when sketches are merely reproductions of geometric models created by someone else. We found that in tasks aimed at expressing personal design ideas, between starting and ending strokes, participants moved their heads more and their controllers at higher velocities and created strokes in faster times than in tasks aimed at recreating 3D geometric figures. They reported feeling less time pressure to complete sketches but redacted a larger percentage of strokes. These findings serve to inform the design of creative virtual environments that support reasoning and reflection through mid-air sketching. With this work, we aim to strengthen the power of immersive systems that support midair 3D sketching by exploiting natural user behavior to assist users to more quickly and faithfully convey their meaning in sketches.}, author = {Monty, Samantha and Kern, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {xrhub}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {Analysis of Immersive Mid-Air Sketching Behavior, Sketch Quality, and User Experience in Design Ideation Tasks}, year = 2024 }
• PIMSys: A Virtual Prototype for Processing in Memory. Christ, Derek; Steiner, Lukas; Jung, Matthias; Wehn, Norbert. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems, von MEMSYS ’24, S. 26–33. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  Data-driven applications are increasingly central to our information technology society, propelled by AI techniques reshaping various sectors of our economy. Despite their transformative potential, these applications demand immense data processing, leading to significant energy consumption primarily in communication and data storage rather than computation. The concept of processing-in-memory (PIM) offers a solution by processing data within memory, reducing energy overheads associated with data transfer. PIM has been an enduring idea, with recent advancements in DRAM test chips integrating PIM functionality, indicating potential market adoption.This paper introduces a virtual prototype of Samsung’s PIM-HBM architecture, leveraging open-source tools like gem5 and DRAMSys, along with a custom Rust software library facilitating easy utilization of PIM functionality. Key contributions include the first gem5 based full-system simulation of PIM-HBM, experimental validation of the virtual platform with benchmarks, and the development of a Rust library enabling PIM functionality at the software level. Our benchmarks evaluated speedup for PIM in the range of 6.0 texttimes  to  17.5 texttimes compared to a respective non-PIM system for different memory-bound workloads.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3695794.3695797, abstract = {Data-driven applications are increasingly central to our information technology society, propelled by AI techniques reshaping various sectors of our economy. Despite their transformative potential, these applications demand immense data processing, leading to significant energy consumption primarily in communication and data storage rather than computation. The concept of processing-in-memory (PIM) offers a solution by processing data within memory, reducing energy overheads associated with data transfer. PIM has been an enduring idea, with recent advancements in DRAM test chips integrating PIM functionality, indicating potential market adoption.This paper introduces a virtual prototype of Samsung’s PIM-HBM architecture, leveraging open-source tools like gem5 and DRAMSys, along with a custom Rust software library facilitating easy utilization of PIM functionality. Key contributions include the first gem5 based full-system simulation of PIM-HBM, experimental validation of the virtual platform with benchmarks, and the development of a Rust library enabling PIM functionality at the software level. Our benchmarks evaluated speedup for PIM in the range of 6.0 \texttimes{}  to  17.5 \texttimes{} compared to a respective non-PIM system for different memory-bound workloads.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Christ, Derek and Steiner, Lukas and Jung, Matthias and Wehn, Norbert}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {26–33}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {MEMSYS '24}, title = {PIMSys: A Virtual Prototype for Processing in Memory}, year = 2024 }
• Modeling and Analyzing the Influence of Non-Item Pages on Sequential Next-Item Prediction. Fischer, Elisabeth; Schlör, Daniel; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2408.15953. 2024.
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  @article{fischer2024modeling, author = {Fischer, Elisabeth and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {Modeling and Analyzing the Influence of Non-Item Pages on Sequential Next-Item Prediction}, volume = {abs/2408.15953}, year = 2024 }
• Automatic Cybersickness Detection by Deep Learning of Augmented Physiological Data from Off-the-Shelf Consumer-Grade Sensors. Yalcin, Murat; Halbig, Andreas; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 5. 2024.
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  <p>Cybersickness is still a prominent risk factor potentially affecting the usability of virtual reality applications. Automated real-time detection of cybersickness promises to support a better general understanding of the phenomena and to avoid and counteract its occurrence. It could be used to facilitate application optimization, that is, to systematically link potential causes (technical development and conceptual design decisions) to cybersickness in closed-loop user-centered development cycles. In addition, it could be used to monitor, warn, and hence safeguard users against any onset of cybersickness during a virtual reality exposure, especially in healthcare applications. This article presents a novel real-time-capable cybersickness detection method by deep learning of augmented physiological data. In contrast to related preliminary work, we are exploring a unique combination of mid-immersion ground truth elicitation, an unobtrusive wireless setup, and moderate training performance requirements. We developed a proof-of-concept prototype to compare (combinations of) convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, and support vector machines with respect to detection performance. We demonstrate that the use of a conditional generative adversarial network-based data augmentation technique increases detection performance significantly and showcase the feasibility of real-time cybersickness detection in a genuine application example. Finally, a comprehensive performance analysis demonstrates that a four-layered bidirectional long short-term memory network with the developed data augmentation delivers superior performance (91.1% F1-score) for real-time cybersickness detection. To encourage replicability and reuse in future cybersickness studies, we released the code and the dataset as publicly available.</p>

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2024.1364207, abstract = {<p>Cybersickness is still a prominent risk factor potentially affecting the usability of virtual reality applications. Automated real-time detection of cybersickness promises to support a better general understanding of the phenomena and to avoid and counteract its occurrence. It could be used to facilitate application optimization, that is, to systematically link potential causes (technical development and conceptual design decisions) to cybersickness in closed-loop user-centered development cycles. In addition, it could be used to monitor, warn, and hence safeguard users against any onset of cybersickness during a virtual reality exposure, especially in healthcare applications. This article presents a novel real-time-capable cybersickness detection method by deep learning of augmented physiological data. In contrast to related preliminary work, we are exploring a unique combination of mid-immersion ground truth elicitation, an unobtrusive wireless setup, and moderate training performance requirements. We developed a proof-of-concept prototype to compare (combinations of) convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory, and support vector machines with respect to detection performance. We demonstrate that the use of a conditional generative adversarial network-based data augmentation technique increases detection performance significantly and showcase the feasibility of real-time cybersickness detection in a genuine application example. Finally, a comprehensive performance analysis demonstrates that a four-layered bidirectional long short-term memory network with the developed data augmentation delivers superior performance (91.1% F1-score) for real-time cybersickness detection. To encourage replicability and reuse in future cybersickness studies, we released the code and the dataset as publicly available.</p>}, author = {Yalcin, Murat and Halbig, Andreas and Fischbach, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {myalcin}, title = {Automatic Cybersickness Detection by Deep Learning of Augmented Physiological Data from Off-the-Shelf Consumer-Grade Sensors}, volume = 5, year = 2024 }
• Iteratively Designing a Mobile App for Measuring In-Group Out-Group Bias with Preschool Children. Elsässer, Anne; Riedmann, Anna; Schneider, Patrick; Felfe, Christina; Lugrin, Birgit. In ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (IDC ’24), S. 119–132. 2024.
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  @inproceedings{elsaesser2024biasapp, author = {Elsässer, Anne and Riedmann, Anna and Schneider, Patrick and Felfe, Christina and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (IDC '24)}, keywords = {sia}, pages = {119–132}, title = {Iteratively Designing a Mobile App for Measuring In-Group Out-Group Bias with Preschool Children}, year = 2024 }
• Towards the development of an automated robotic storyteller: comparing approaches for emotional story annotation for non-verbal expression via body language. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Zehe, Albin; Schnetter, Peggy; Hotho, Andreas; Lugrin, Birgit. In Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, S. 1–23. 2024.
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  @article{steinhaeusser2024annotations, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Zehe, Albin and Schnetter, Peggy and Hotho, Andreas and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {1-23}, title = {Towards the development of an automated robotic storyteller: comparing approaches for emotional story annotation for non-verbal expression via body language}, year = 2024 }
• How Far Is the Nanocellulose Chip and Its Production in Reach? A Literature Survey. Bencurova, Elena; Chinazzo, André; Kar, Bipasa; Jung, Matthias; Dandekar, Thomas. In Nanomaterials, 14(18). 2024.
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  The slowdown of Moore’s Law necessitates an exploration of novel computing methodologies, new materials, and advantages in chip design. Thus, carbon-based materials have promise for more energy-efficient computing systems in the future. Moreover, sustainability emerges as a new concern for the semiconductor industry. The production and recycling processes associated with current chips present huge environmental challenges. Electronic waste is a major problem, and sustainable solutions in computing must be found. In this review, we examine an alternative chip design based on nanocellulose, which also features semiconductor properties and transistors. Our review highlights that nanocellulose (NC) is a versatile material and a high-potential composite, as it can be fabricated to gain suitable electronic and semiconducting properties. NC provides ideal support for ink-printed transistors and electronics, including green paper electronics. Here, we summarise various processing procedures for nanocellulose and describe the structure of exclusively nanocellulose-based transistors. Furthermore, we survey the recent scientific efforts in organic chip design and show how fully automated production of such a full NC chip could be achieved, including a Process Design Kit (PDK), expected variation models, and a standard cell library at the logic-gate level, where multiple transistors are connected to perform basic logic operations—for instance, the NOT-AND (NAND) gate. Taking all these attractive nanocellulose features into account, we envision how chips based on nanocellulose can be fabricated using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool chains.

  @article{benchi_24, abstract = {The slowdown of Moore’s Law necessitates an exploration of novel computing methodologies, new materials, and advantages in chip design. Thus, carbon-based materials have promise for more energy-efficient computing systems in the future. Moreover, sustainability emerges as a new concern for the semiconductor industry. The production and recycling processes associated with current chips present huge environmental challenges. Electronic waste is a major problem, and sustainable solutions in computing must be found. In this review, we examine an alternative chip design based on nanocellulose, which also features semiconductor properties and transistors. Our review highlights that nanocellulose (NC) is a versatile material and a high-potential composite, as it can be fabricated to gain suitable electronic and semiconducting properties. NC provides ideal support for ink-printed transistors and electronics, including green paper electronics. Here, we summarise various processing procedures for nanocellulose and describe the structure of exclusively nanocellulose-based transistors. Furthermore, we survey the recent scientific efforts in organic chip design and show how fully automated production of such a full NC chip could be achieved, including a Process Design Kit (PDK), expected variation models, and a standard cell library at the logic-gate level, where multiple transistors are connected to perform basic logic operations—for instance, the NOT-AND (NAND) gate. Taking all these attractive nanocellulose features into account, we envision how chips based on nanocellulose can be fabricated using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool chains.}, author = {Bencurova, Elena and Chinazzo, André and Kar, Bipasa and Jung, Matthias and Dandekar, Thomas}, journal = {Nanomaterials}, keywords = {myown}, number = 18, title = {How Far Is the Nanocellulose Chip and Its Production in Reach? A Literature Survey}, volume = 14, year = 2024 }
• WILDAVATARS: Smartphone-Based Reconstruction of Full-Body Avatars in the Wild. Menzel, Timo; Wolf, Erik; Wenninger, Stephan; Spinczyk, Niklas; Holderrieth, Lena; Schwanecke, Ulrich; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Botsch, Mario. In TechRxiv. 2024.
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  Realistic full-body avatars play a key role in representing users in virtual environments, where they have been shown to considerably improve body ownership and presence. Driven by the growing demand for realistic virtual humans, extensive research on scanning-based avatar reconstruction has been conducted in recent years. Most methods, however, require complex hardware, such as expensive camera rigs and/or controlled capture setups, thereby restricting avatar generation to specialized labs. We propose WILDAVATARS, an approach that empowers even non-experts without access to complex equipment to capture realistic avatars in the wild. Our avatar generation is based on an easy-to-use smartphone application that guides the user through the scanning process and uploads the captured data to a server, which in a fully automatic manner reconstructs a photorealistic avatar that is ready to be downloaded into a VR application. To increase the availability and foster the use of realistic virtual humans in VR applications we will make WILDAVATARS publicly available for research purposes.

  @article{menzel2024wildavatars, abstract = {Realistic full-body avatars play a key role in representing users in virtual environments, where they have been shown to considerably improve body ownership and presence. Driven by the growing demand for realistic virtual humans, extensive research on scanning-based avatar reconstruction has been conducted in recent years. Most methods, however, require complex hardware, such as expensive camera rigs and/or controlled capture setups, thereby restricting avatar generation to specialized labs. We propose WILDAVATARS, an approach that empowers even non-experts without access to complex equipment to capture realistic avatars in the wild. Our avatar generation is based on an easy-to-use smartphone application that guides the user through the scanning process and uploads the captured data to a server, which in a fully automatic manner reconstructs a photorealistic avatar that is ready to be downloaded into a VR application. To increase the availability and foster the use of realistic virtual humans in VR applications we will make WILDAVATARS publicly available for research purposes.}, author = {Menzel, Timo and Wolf, Erik and Wenninger, Stephan and Spinczyk, Niklas and Holderrieth, Lena and Schwanecke, Ulrich and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Botsch, Mario}, journal = {TechRxiv}, keywords = {myown}, note = {Preprint}, title = {WILDAVATARS: Smartphone-Based Reconstruction of Full-Body Avatars in the Wild}, year = 2024 }
• Storylines with a Protagonist. Hegemann, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. 26:1–22. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.gd.2024.26, author = {Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD'24)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {26:1–22}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Storylines with a Protagonist}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• Graph Harvester (Software Abstract). Deynet, Julius; Hegemann, Tim; Kempf, Sebastian; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’24), Bd. 320 von LIPIcs, S. 58:1–58:3. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.gd.2024.58, author = {Deynet, Julius and Hegemann, Tim and Kempf, Sebastian and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD'24)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {58:1–58:3}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Graph Harvester (Software Abstract)}, volume = 320, year = 2024 }
• What a Laugh! Effects of Voice and Laughter on a Social Robot’s Humorous Appeal and Recipients’ Transportation and Emotions in Humorous Robotic Storytelling. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Knauer, Lara; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024), S. 2131–2138. IEEE, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2024laugh, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Knauer, Lara and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {2131-2138}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {What a Laugh! Effects of Voice and Laughter on a Social Robot’s Humorous Appeal and Recipients’ Transportation and Emotions in Humorous Robotic Storytelling}, year = 2024 }
• Constrained and Ordered Level Planarity Parameterized by the Number of Levels. Blažej, Vacláv; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Sieper, Marie Diana; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 40th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG’24), Bd. 293 von LIPIcs, W. Mulzer, J. M. Phillips (Hrsg.), S. 21:1–16. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{bkkswz-colpp-SoCG24, author = {Blažej, Vacláv and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Sieper, Marie Diana and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 40th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG'24)}, editor = {Mulzer, Wolfgang and Phillips, Jeff M.}, keywords = {level_planarity}, pages = {21:1–16}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Constrained and Ordered Level Planarity Parameterized by the Number of Levels}, volume = 293, year = 2024 }
• Messung, Modellierung und Vorhersage der Netzwerkqualität mit Fokus auf das Internet der Dinge (IoT). Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Herrnleben, Stefan. PhD dissertation. Universität Würzburg, 2024.
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  @phdthesis{Herrnleben2024, author = {Herrnleben, Stefan}, keywords = {descartes}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, title = {Messung, Modellierung und Vorhersage der Netzwerkqualit{\"a}t mit Fokus auf das Internet der Dinge (IoT)}, type = {doctoralthesis}, year = 2024 }
• PIMSys: A Virtual Prototype for Processing in Memory. Christ, Derek; Steiner, Lukas; Wehn, Norbert; Jung, Matthias. In 10th International Symposium on Memory Systems (MEMSYS 2024). 2024.
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  @inproceedings{christ2024pimsys, author = {Christ, Derek and Steiner, Lukas and Wehn, Norbert and Jung, Matthias}, booktitle = {10th International Symposium on Memory Systems (MEMSYS 2024)}, keywords = {from:myzinsky}, title = {PIMSys: A Virtual Prototype for Processing in Memory}, year = 2024 }
• Integrating Sound Effects and Background Music in Robotic Storytelling - A Series of Online Studies Across Different Story Genres. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit. In Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, S. 100085. 2024.
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  @article{steinhaeusser2024naosoundseries, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = 100085, title = {Integrating Sound Effects and Background Music in Robotic Storytelling - A Series of Online Studies Across Different Story Genres}, year = 2024 }
• Combining Emotional Gestures, Sound Effects, and Background Music for Robotic Storytelling - Effects on Storytelling Experience, Emotion Induction, and Robot Perception. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Piller, Ramona; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, S. 687–696. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2024gesturessounds, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Piller, Ramona and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {687–696}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Combining Emotional Gestures, Sound Effects, and Background Music for Robotic Storytelling - Effects on Storytelling Experience, Emotion Induction, and Robot Perception}, year = 2024 }
• From 2D-Screens to VR: Exploring the Effect of Immersion on the Plausibility of Virtual Humans. Mal, David; Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Botsch, Mario; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In CHI 24 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, S. 1–8. 2024.
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  Virtual humans significantly contribute to users' plausible XR experiences. However, it may be not only the congruent rendering of the virtual human but also the intermediary display technology having a significant impact on virtual humans' plausibility. In a low-immersive desktop-based and a high-immersive VR condition, participants rated realistic and abstract animated virtual humans regarding plausibility, affective appraisal, and social judgments. First, our results confirmed the factor structure of a preliminary virtual human plausibility questionnaire in VR. Further, the appearance and behavior of realistic virtual humans were overall perceived as more plausible compared to abstract virtual humans, an effect that increased with high immersion. Moreover, only for high immersion, realistic virtual humans were rated as more trustworthy and sympathetic than abstract virtual humans. Interestingly, we observed a potential uncanny valley effect for low but not for high immersion. We discuss the impact of a natural perception of anthropomorphic and realistic cues in VR and highlight the potential of immersive technology to elicit distinct effects in virtual humans.

  @inproceedings{mal2024vhpvr, abstract = {Virtual humans significantly contribute to users' plausible XR experiences. However, it may be not only the congruent rendering of the virtual human but also the intermediary display technology having a significant impact on virtual humans' plausibility. In a low-immersive desktop-based and a high-immersive VR condition, participants rated realistic and abstract animated virtual humans regarding plausibility, affective appraisal, and social judgments. First, our results confirmed the factor structure of a preliminary virtual human plausibility questionnaire in VR. Further, the appearance and behavior of realistic virtual humans were overall perceived as more plausible compared to abstract virtual humans, an effect that increased with high immersion. Moreover, only for high immersion, realistic virtual humans were rated as more trustworthy and sympathetic than abstract virtual humans. Interestingly, we observed a potential uncanny valley effect for low but not for high immersion. We discuss the impact of a natural perception of anthropomorphic and realistic cues in VR and highlight the potential of immersive technology to elicit distinct effects in virtual humans.}, author = {Mal, David and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {CHI 24 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {1-8}, title = {From 2D-Screens to VR: Exploring the Effect of Immersion on the Plausibility of Virtual Humans}, year = 2024 }
• Pushing Yourself to the Limit - Influence of Emotional Virtual Environment Design on Physical Training in VR. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Najjar, Amiin; Tümmers, Clemens; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In ACM Games, 2(4). 2024.
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  The design of virtual environments (VEs) can strongly influence users' emotions. These VEs are also an important aspect of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) exergames - training system that can inspire athletes to train in a highly motivated way and achieve a higher training intensity. VR-based training and rehabilitation systems can increase a user's motivation to train and to repeat physical exercises. The surrounding VE can potentially predominantly influence users' motivation and hence potentially even physical performance. Besides providing potentially motivating environments, physical training can be enhanced by gamification. However, it is unclear whether the surrounding VE of a VR-based physical training system influences the effectiveness of gamification. We investigate whether an emotional positive or emotional negative design influences the sport performance and interacts with the positive effects of gamification. In a user study, we immerse participants in VEs following either an emotional positive, neutral, or negative design and measure the duration the participants can hold a static strength-endurance exercise. The study targeted the investigation of the effects of 1) emotional VE design as well as the 2) presence and absence of gamification. We did not observe significant differences in the performance of the participants independent of the conditions of VE design or gamification. Gamification caused a dominating effect on emotion and motivation over the emotional design of the VEs, thus indicating an overall positive impact. The emotional design influenced the participants' intrinsic motivation but caused mixed results with respect to emotion. Overall, our results indicate the importance of using gamification, support the commonly used emotional positive VEs for physical training, but further indicate that the design space could also include other directions of VE design.

  @article{oberdorfer2024pushing, abstract = {The design of virtual environments (VEs) can strongly influence users' emotions. These VEs are also an important aspect of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) exergames - training system that can inspire athletes to train in a highly motivated way and achieve a higher training intensity. VR-based training and rehabilitation systems can increase a user's motivation to train and to repeat physical exercises. The surrounding VE can potentially predominantly influence users' motivation and hence potentially even physical performance. Besides providing potentially motivating environments, physical training can be enhanced by gamification. However, it is unclear whether the surrounding VE of a VR-based physical training system influences the effectiveness of gamification. We investigate whether an emotional positive or emotional negative design influences the sport performance and interacts with the positive effects of gamification. In a user study, we immerse participants in VEs following either an emotional positive, neutral, or negative design and measure the duration the participants can hold a static strength-endurance exercise. The study targeted the investigation of the effects of 1) emotional VE design as well as the 2) presence and absence of gamification. We did not observe significant differences in the performance of the participants independent of the conditions of VE design or gamification. Gamification caused a dominating effect on emotion and motivation over the emotional design of the VEs, thus indicating an overall positive impact. The emotional design influenced the participants' intrinsic motivation but caused mixed results with respect to emotion. Overall, our results indicate the importance of using gamification, support the commonly used emotional positive VEs for physical training, but further indicate that the design space could also include other directions of VE design.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Najjar, Amiin and Tümmers, Clemens and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {ACM Games}, keywords = {myown}, number = 4, title = {Pushing Yourself to the Limit - Influence of Emotional Virtual Environment Design on Physical Training in VR}, volume = 2, year = 2024 }
• An Empirical Study on the Impact of Selected Host Configuration Parameters on Container Start Times. Straesser, Martin; Erhard, Nicholas; Kounev, Samuel. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{StraesserSSP2024, author = {Straesser, Martin and Erhard, Nicholas and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Softwaretechnik-Trends Band 44, Heft 4}, keywords = {t_workshop}, note = {In print.}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, series = {Softwaretechnik-Trends}, title = {An Empirical Study on the Impact of Selected Host Configuration Parameters on Container Start Times}, year = 2024 }
• In-Orbit Validierung des MultiView-Sternsensors auf dem SONATE-2 CubeSat. Neumann, T.; Balagurin, O.; Kaiser, T.; Kayal, H.; Maurer, A.; Riegler, C.; Schwarz, T. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Hamburg, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Es wurde ein mehrköpfiger Sternsensor für CubeSats für den Einsatz im sog. TunaCanSlot konzipiert. Der Sensor zeichnet sich durch die gegebene Redundanz auf Grund der Verwendung einer Vielzahl an Sensorköpfen trotz des geringen Bauvolumens aus. Im Falle eines Ausfalls oder bei fehlenden Messdaten werden die Sensoren autonom umgeschaltet, die so die Verfügbarkeit der Lagedaten erhöht. Der MultiViewSternsensor wurde an Bord des SONATE2 Nanosatelliten Anfang März 2024 in die Erdumlaufbahn gebracht. Neben anderen Subsystemen als Technologiedemonstration, wurde der Sensor während der Missionslaufzeit in Betrieb genommen und bereits mehreren Tests unterzogen. Damit wird die Raumfahrttauglichkeit sowie der Einsatz im LowEarth Orbit nachgewiesen. In diesem Paper werden die für die Validierung benötigten Aspekte dargestellt. Wichtig sind die Überprüfungen sowohl der Grundfunktionen als Subsystem gegenüber dem Satelliten, als auch der Messprozesse der Sensorköpfe selbst. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der InOrbitTests werden in Verbindung mit den dargestellten Validierungsaspekten präsentiert. Sie bestätigen die Funktion des Konzeptes und bilden bereits eine gute Grundlage für die in Aussicht gestellte Validierung auf TRL 9.

  @conference{https://doi.org/10.25967/630060, abstract = {Es wurde ein mehrköpfiger Sternsensor für CubeSats für den Einsatz im sog. TunaCanSlot konzipiert. Der Sensor zeichnet sich durch die gegebene Redundanz auf Grund der Verwendung einer Vielzahl an Sensorköpfen trotz des geringen Bauvolumens aus. Im Falle eines Ausfalls oder bei fehlenden Messdaten werden die Sensoren autonom umgeschaltet, die so die Verfügbarkeit der Lagedaten erhöht. Der MultiViewSternsensor wurde an Bord des SONATE2 Nanosatelliten Anfang März 2024 in die Erdumlaufbahn gebracht. Neben anderen Subsystemen als Technologiedemonstration, wurde der Sensor während der Missionslaufzeit in Betrieb genommen und bereits mehreren Tests unterzogen. Damit wird die Raumfahrttauglichkeit sowie der Einsatz im LowEarth Orbit nachgewiesen. In diesem Paper werden die für die Validierung benötigten Aspekte dargestellt. Wichtig sind die Überprüfungen sowohl der Grundfunktionen als Subsystem gegenüber dem Satelliten, als auch der Messprozesse der Sensorköpfe selbst. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der InOrbitTests werden in Verbindung mit den dargestellten Validierungsaspekten präsentiert. Sie bestätigen die Funktion des Konzeptes und bilden bereits eine gute Grundlage für die in Aussicht gestellte Validierung auf TRL 9.}, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Neumann, T. and Balagurin, O. and Kaiser, T. and Kayal, H. and Maurer, A. and Riegler, C. and Schwarz, T.}, keywords = {startracker}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {In-Orbit Validierung des MultiView-Sternsensors auf dem SONATE-2 CubeSat}, year = 2024 }
• Assessing Depth Perception in VR and Video See-Through AR: A Comparison on Distance Judgment, Performance, and Preference. Westermeier, Franziska; Brübach, Larissa; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 30(5), S. 2140–2150. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Spatial User Interfaces along the Reality-Virtuality continuum heavily depend on accurate depth perception. However, current display technologies still exhibit shortcomings in the simulation of accurate depth cues, and these shortcomings also vary between Virtual or Augmented Reality (VR, AR: eXtended Reality (XR) for short). This article compares depth perception between VR and Video See-Through (VST) AR. We developed a digital twin of an existing office room where users had to perform five depth-dependent tasks in VR and VST AR. Thirty-two participants took part in a user study using a 1×4 within-subjects design. Our results reveal higher misjudgment rates in VST AR due to conflicting depth cues between virtual and physical content. Increased head movements observed in participants were interpreted as a compensatory response to these conflicting cues. Furthermore, a longer task completion time in the VST AR condition indicates a lower task performance in VST AR. Interestingly, while participants rated the VR condition as easier and contrary to the increased misjudgments and lower performance with the VST AR display, a majority still expressed a preference for the VST AR experience. We discuss and explain these findings with the high visual dominance and referential power of the physical content in the VST AR condition, leading to a higher spatial presence and plausibility.

  @article{westermeier2024assessing, abstract = {Spatial User Interfaces along the Reality-Virtuality continuum heavily depend on accurate depth perception. However, current display technologies still exhibit shortcomings in the simulation of accurate depth cues, and these shortcomings also vary between Virtual or Augmented Reality (VR, AR: eXtended Reality (XR) for short). This article compares depth perception between VR and Video See-Through (VST) AR. We developed a digital twin of an existing office room where users had to perform five depth-dependent tasks in VR and VST AR. Thirty-two participants took part in a user study using a 1×4 within-subjects design. Our results reveal higher misjudgment rates in VST AR due to conflicting depth cues between virtual and physical content. Increased head movements observed in participants were interpreted as a compensatory response to these conflicting cues. Furthermore, a longer task completion time in the VST AR condition indicates a lower task performance in VST AR. Interestingly, while participants rated the VR condition as easier and contrary to the increased misjudgments and lower performance with the VST AR display, a majority still expressed a preference for the VST AR experience. We discuss and explain these findings with the high visual dominance and referential power of the physical content in the VST AR condition, leading to a higher spatial presence and plausibility.}, author = {Westermeier, Franziska and Brübach, Larissa and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {05}, number = 5, pages = {2140 - 2150}, title = {Assessing Depth Perception in VR and Video See-Through AR: A Comparison on Distance Judgment, Performance, and Preference}, volume = 30, year = 2024 }
• The Effects of Topologies on the Performance of Real-Time Networks. Diederich, Philip; Grigorjew, Alexej; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In 2024 IEEE 10th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-9, author = {Diederich, Philip and Grigorjew, Alexej and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 10th International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft)}, keywords = {appaware2}, month = {06}, title = {The Effects of Topologies on the Performance of Real-Time Networks}, year = 2024 }
• A Practical Real-Time Model for Diffraction on Rough Surfaces. Clausen, Olaf; Mišiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Marroquim, Ricardo; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques, 13(1), S. 1–27. 2024.
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  Wave optics phenomena have a significant impact on the visual appearance of rough conductive surfaces even when illuminated with partially coherent light. Recent models address these phenomena, but none is real-time capable due to the complexity of the underlying physics equations. We provide a practical real-time model, building on the measurements and model by Clausen et al. [2023], that approximates diffraction-induced wavelength shifts and speckle patterns with only a small computational overhead compared to the popular Cook-Torrance GGX model. Our model is suitable for Virtual Reality applications, as it contains domain-specific improvements to address the issues of aliasing and highlight disparity.

  @article{clausen2024practical, abstract = {Wave optics phenomena have a significant impact on the visual appearance of rough conductive surfaces even when illuminated with partially coherent light. Recent models address these phenomena, but none is real-time capable due to the complexity of the underlying physics equations. We provide a practical real-time model, building on the measurements and model by Clausen et al. [2023], that approximates diffraction-induced wavelength shifts and speckle patterns with only a small computational overhead compared to the popular Cook-Torrance GGX model. Our model is suitable for Virtual Reality applications, as it contains domain-specific improvements to address the issues of aliasing and highlight disparity.}, author = {Clausen, Olaf and Mišiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Marroquim, Ricardo and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, number = 1, pages = {1-27}, title = {A Practical Real-Time Model for Diffraction on Rough Surfaces}, volume = 13, year = 2024 }
• DeepFear: Game Usage within Virtual Reality to Provoke Physiological Responses of Fear. Yalcin, Murat; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, von CHI EA ’24, S. 1–8. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  The investigation and the classification of the physiological signals involved in fear perception is complicated due to the difficulties in reliably eliciting and measuring the complex construct of fear. Especially, using Virtual Reality (VR) games can well elicit the physiological responses, then it can be used developing treatments in healthcare domain. In this study, we carried out exploratory physiological data analysis and wearable sensory device feasibility for the responses of fear. We contributed 1) to use a of-the-shelf commercial game (Half Life-Alyx) to provoke fear emotion, 2) to demonstrate a performance analysis with different deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformer, 3) to investigate the most responsive physiological signal by comprehensive data analysis and best sensory device in terms of multi-level of fear classification. Accuracy metrics, f1-scores and confusion matrices showed that ECG and ACC are the most significant two signals for fear recognition.

  @inproceedings{Yalcin2024, abstract = {The investigation and the classification of the physiological signals involved in fear perception is complicated due to the difficulties in reliably eliciting and measuring the complex construct of fear. Especially, using Virtual Reality (VR) games can well elicit the physiological responses, then it can be used developing treatments in healthcare domain. In this study, we carried out exploratory physiological data analysis and wearable sensory device feasibility for the responses of fear. We contributed 1) to use a of-the-shelf commercial game (Half Life-Alyx) to provoke fear emotion, 2) to demonstrate a performance analysis with different deep learning models like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformer, 3) to investigate the most responsive physiological signal by comprehensive data analysis and best sensory device in terms of multi-level of fear classification. Accuracy metrics, f1-scores and confusion matrices showed that ECG and ACC are the most significant two signals for fear recognition.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Yalcin, Murat and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {myalcin}, month = {05}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '24}, title = {DeepFear: Game Usage within Virtual Reality to Provoke Physiological Responses of Fear}, year = 2024 }
• Serverless Computing: An Old Wine in New Bottles or More?. Kounev, Samuel. Keynote Talk at 24th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing, Philadelphia, USA, 2024, Mai 8.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Market analysts are agreed that serverless computing has strong market potential, with projected compound annual growth rates varying between 21% and 28% through 2028 and a projected market value of $36.8 billion by that time. Although serverless computing has gained significant attention in industry and academia over the past years, there is still no consensus about its unique distinguishing characteristics and precise understanding of how these characteristics differ from classical cloud computing. For example, there is no wide agreement on whether serverless is solely a set of requirements from the cloud user’s perspective or it should also mandate specific implementation choices on the provider side, such as implementing an autoscaling mechanism to achieve elasticity. Similarly, there is no agreement on whether serverless is just the operational part, or it should also include specific programming models, interfaces, or calling protocols. In this talk, we seek to dispel this confusion by evaluating the essential conceptual characteristics of serverless computing as a paradigm, while putting the various terms around it into perspective. We examine how the term serverless computing, and related terms, are used today. We explain the historical evolution leading to serverless computing, starting with mainframe virtualization in the 1960 through to Grid and cloud computing all the way up to today. We review existing cloud computing service models, including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, CaaS, FaaS, and BaaS, discussing how they relate to the serverless paradigm. In the second part of talk, we focus on performance challenges in serverless computing both from the user’s perspective (finding the optimal size of serverless functions) as well as from the provider’s perspective (ensuring predictable and fast container start times coupled with fine-granular and accurate elastic scaling mechanisms).

  @misc{kounev2024ccgrid, abstract = {Market analysts are agreed that serverless computing has strong market potential, with projected compound annual growth rates varying between 21% and 28% through 2028 and a projected market value of $36.8 billion by that time. Although serverless computing has gained significant attention in industry and academia over the past years, there is still no consensus about its unique distinguishing characteristics and precise understanding of how these characteristics differ from classical cloud computing. For example, there is no wide agreement on whether serverless is solely a set of requirements from the cloud user’s perspective or it should also mandate specific implementation choices on the provider side, such as implementing an autoscaling mechanism to achieve elasticity. Similarly, there is no agreement on whether serverless is just the operational part, or it should also include specific programming models, interfaces, or calling protocols. In this talk, we seek to dispel this confusion by evaluating the essential conceptual characteristics of serverless computing as a paradigm, while putting the various terms around it into perspective. We examine how the term serverless computing, and related terms, are used today. We explain the historical evolution leading to serverless computing, starting with mainframe virtualization in the 1960 through to Grid and cloud computing all the way up to today. We review existing cloud computing service models, including IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, CaaS, FaaS, and BaaS, discussing how they relate to the serverless paradigm. In the second part of talk, we focus on performance challenges in serverless computing both from the user’s perspective (finding the optimal size of serverless functions) as well as from the provider’s perspective (ensuring predictable and fast container start times coupled with fine-granular and accurate elastic scaling mechanisms).}, address = {Philadelphia, USA}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {05}, note = {https://2024.ccgrid-conference.org/speakers/skounev/}, publisher = {Keynote Talk at 24th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing}, title = {Serverless Computing: An Old Wine in New Bottles or More?}, year = 2024 }
• The Missing Link in Network Intrusion Detection: Taking AI/ML Research Efforts to Users. Dietz, Katharina; Mühlhauser, Michael; Kögel, Jochen; Schwinger, Stephan; Sichermann, Marleen; Seufert, Michael; Herrmann, Dominik; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Access. 2024.
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  @article{info3-article-2024-4, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Mühlhauser, Michael and Kögel, Jochen and Schwinger, Stephan and Sichermann, Marleen and Seufert, Michael and Herrmann, Dominik and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {vipnano}, month = {05}, title = {The Missing Link in Network Intrusion Detection: Taking AI/ML Research Efforts to Users}, year = 2024 }
• HALIDS: a hardware-assisted machine learning IDS for in-network monitoring. Brandino, Belén; Grampin, Eduardo; Dietz, Katharina; Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Casas, Pedro. In 2024 8th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), Dresden, Germany. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-poster-2024-1, author = {Brandino, Belén and Grampin, Eduardo and Dietz, Katharina and Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Casas, Pedro}, booktitle = {2024 8th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), Dresden, Germany}, keywords = {myown}, month = {05}, title = {HALIDS: a hardware-assisted machine learning IDS for in-network monitoring}, year = 2024 }
• Benchmarking of Secure Group Communication schemes with Focus on IoT. Prantl, Thomas; Bauer, André; Engel, Simon; Horn, Lukas; Krupitzer, Christian; Iffl"ander, Lukas; Kounev, Samuel. In Discover Data, 2(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024.
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  @article{PrBaEnHoKrIfKo_Discover_Data_2024, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Bauer, André and Engel, Simon and Horn, Lukas and Krupitzer, Christian and Iffl"{a}nder, Lukas and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Discover Data}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {05}, number = 1, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, title = {Benchmarking of Secure Group Communication schemes with Focus on IoT}, volume = 2, year = 2024 }
• Evaluation is key: a survey on evaluation measures for synthetic time series. Stenger, Michael; Leppich, Robert; Foster, Ian; Kounev, Samuel; Bauer, André. In Journal of Big Data, 11, S. 66. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{Stenger2024, author = {Stenger, Michael and Leppich, Robert and Foster, Ian and Kounev, Samuel and Bauer, Andr{\'e}}, journal = {Journal of Big Data}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {05}, pages = 66, title = {Evaluation is key: a survey on evaluation measures for synthetic time series}, volume = 11, year = 2024 }
• The Effects of Expertise, Humanness, and Congruence on Perceived Trust, Warmth, Competence and Intention to Use Embodied AI. Krop, Philipp; Koch, Martin J.; Carolus, Astrid; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’24), S. 9. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
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  Even though people imagine different embodiments when asked which AI they would like to work with, most studies investigate trust in AI systems without specific physical appearances. This study aims to close this gap by combining influencing factors of trust to analyze their impact on the perceived trustworthiness, warmth, and competence of an embodied AI. We recruited 68 par- ticipants who observed three co-working scenes with an embodied AI, presented as expert/novice (expertise), human/AI (humanness), or congruent/slightly incongruent to the environment (congruence). Our results show that the expertise condition had the largest im- pact on trust, acceptance, and perceived warmth and competence. When controlled for perceived competence, the humanness of the AI and the congruence of its embodiment to the environment also influence acceptance. The results show that besides expertise and the perceived competence of the AI, other design variables are rele- vant for successful human-AI interaction, especially when the AI is embodied.

  @inproceedings{krop2024effects, abstract = {Even though people imagine different embodiments when asked which AI they would like to work with, most studies investigate trust in AI systems without specific physical appearances. This study aims to close this gap by combining influencing factors of trust to analyze their impact on the perceived trustworthiness, warmth, and competence of an embodied AI. We recruited 68 par- ticipants who observed three co-working scenes with an embodied AI, presented as expert/novice (expertise), human/AI (humanness), or congruent/slightly incongruent to the environment (congruence). Our results show that the expertise condition had the largest im- pact on trust, acceptance, and perceived warmth and competence. When controlled for perceived competence, the humanness of the AI and the congruence of its embodiment to the environment also influence acceptance. The results show that besides expertise and the perceived competence of the AI, other design variables are rele- vant for successful human-AI interaction, especially when the AI is embodied.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Krop, Philipp and Koch, Martin J. and Carolus, Astrid and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’24)}, keywords = {aiatwork}, month = {05}, organization = {ACM}, pages = 9, publisher = {ACM}, title = {The Effects of Expertise, Humanness, and Congruence on Perceived Trust, Warmth, Competence and Intention to Use Embodied AI}, year = 2024 }
• Studying Slot Assignment for Multi-Gateway Time Scheduled Channel Access in LoRaWan. Mehling, Noah; Loh, Frank; Raffeck, Simon; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking). Thessaloniki, Greece, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-6_2, address = {Thessaloniki, Greece}, author = {Mehling, Noah and Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {Studying Slot Assignment for Multi-Gateway Time Scheduled Channel Access in LoRaWan}, year = 2024 }
• Poster Contribution:A possible German CubeSat Contribution to RAMSES. Männel, J.; Auster, H. U.; Grott, M.; Herique, A.; Kayal, H.; Neumann, T.; Plaschke, F.; Plettemeier, D.; Riegler, C.; Vincent, J.-B. In Apophis T-5 Workshop. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2024.
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  The mission aims to support the objectives of RAMSES by providing insights into characteristics and changes related to th ECA of (99942) Apophis. In addition, the magnetization and plasma interactions with Earth's magnetosphere will be characterized.

  @conference{mnnel2024poster, abstract = {The mission aims to support the objectives of RAMSES by providing insights into characteristics and changes related to th ECA of (99942) Apophis. In addition, the magnetization and plasma interactions with Earth's magnetosphere will be characterized.}, address = {Noordwijk, The Netherlands}, author = {Männel, J. and Auster, H. U. and Grott, M. and Herique, A. and Kayal, H. and Neumann, T. and Plaschke, F. and Plettemeier, D. and Riegler, C. and Vincent, J.-B.}, booktitle = {Apophis T-5 Workshop}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, publisher = {Lunar and Planetary Institute}, title = {Poster Contribution:A possible German CubeSat Contribution to RAMSES}, year = 2024 }
• Machine Learning with Computer Networks: Techniques, Datasets and Models. Afifi, Haitham; Pochaba, Sabrina; Boltres, Andreas; Laniewski, Dominic; Haberer, Janek; Paeleke, Leonard; Poorzare, Reza; Stolpmann, Daniel; Wehner, Nikolas; Redder, Adrian; Samikwa, Eric; Seufert, Michael. In IEEE Access. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2024-2, author = {Afifi, Haitham and Pochaba, Sabrina and Boltres, Andreas and Laniewski, Dominic and Haberer, Janek and Paeleke, Leonard and Poorzare, Reza and Stolpmann, Daniel and Wehner, Nikolas and Redder, Adrian and Samikwa, Eric and Seufert, Michael}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, title = {Machine Learning with Computer Networks: Techniques, Datasets and Models}, year = 2024 }
• TooCloseVR – Die Entwicklung eines Präventionsprogramms zur Verhinderung von Cyberbullying mittels immersiver Technologien. Bürger, Arne; Wienrich, Carolin. In Kindheit und Entwicklung, 33(2), S. 125–135. Hogrefe Publishing Group, 2024.
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  @article{B_rger_2024, author = {Bürger, Arne and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {04}, number = 2, pages = {125–135}, publisher = {Hogrefe Publishing Group}, title = {TooCloseVR – Die Entwicklung eines Präventionsprogramms zur Verhinderung von Cyberbullying mittels immersiver Technologien}, volume = 33, year = 2024 }
• Marina: Realizing ML-Driven Real-Time Network Traffic Monitoring at Terabit Scale. Seufert, Michael; Dietz, Katharina; Wehner, Nikolas; Geißler, Stefan; Schüler, Joshua; Wolz, Manuel; Hotho, Andreas; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Feldmann, Anja. In Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2024-1, author = {Seufert, Michael and Dietz, Katharina and Wehner, Nikolas and Geißler, Stefan and Schüler, Joshua and Wolz, Manuel and Hotho, Andreas and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Feldmann, Anja}, journal = {Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {03}, title = {Marina: Realizing ML-Driven Real-Time Network Traffic Monitoring at Terabit Scale}, year = 2024 }
• Investigation of Container Network Function Deployment Costs in the Edge Cloud. TrungKien, Nguyen; Simonovski, Filip; Loh, Frank; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Huu Thanh, Nguyen. In 27th Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks (ICIN). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-2, author = {TrungKien, Nguyen and Simonovski, Filip and Loh, Frank and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Huu Thanh, Nguyen}, booktitle = {27th Conference on Innovation in Clouds, Internet and Networks (ICIN)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, title = {Investigation of Container Network Function Deployment Costs in the Edge Cloud}, year = 2024 }
• Patient-Centered Chronic Wound Care Mobile Apps: Systematic Identification, Analysis, and Assessment. Dege, Tassilo; Glatzel, Bernadette; Borst, Vanessa; Grän, Franziska; Goller, Simon; Glatzel, Caroline; Goebeler, Matthias; Schmieder, Astrid. In JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 12. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  Background: The prevalence of chronic wounds is predicted to increase within the aging populations in industrialized countries. Patients experience significant distress due to pain, wound secretions, and the resulting immobilization. As the number of wounds continues to rise, their adequate care becomes increasingly costly in terms of health care resources worldwide. eHealth support systems are being increasingly integrated into patient care. However, to date, no systematic analysis of such apps for chronic wounds has been published. Objective: The aims of this study were to systematically identify and subjectively assess publicly available German- or English-language mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds, with quality assessments performed by both patients and physicians. Methods: Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search and assessment of German- or English-language mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds that were available in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store from April 2022 to May 2022. In total, 3 apps met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed independently by 10 physicians using the German Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). The app with the highest mean MARS score was subsequently reviewed by 11 patients with chronic wounds using the German user version of the MARS (uMARS) and the SUS. Additionally, Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) scale scores were collected from both patients and physicians. Results: This study assessed mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds that were selected from a pool of 118 identified apps. Of the 73 apps available in both app stores, 10 were patient oriented. After excluding apps with advertisements or costs, 3 apps were evaluated by 10 physicians. Mean MARS scores ranged from 2.64 (SD 0.65) to 3.88 (SD 0.65) out of 5, and mean SUS scores ranged from 50.75 (SD 27) to 80.5 (SD 17.7) out of 100. WUND APP received the highest mean MARS score (mean 3.88, SD 0.65 out of 5) among physicians. Hence, it was subsequently assessed by 11 patients and achieved a similar rating (uMARS score: mean 3.89, SD 0.4 out of 5). Technical affinity, as measured with the ATI scale, was slightly lower in patients (score: mean 3.62, SD 1.35 out of 6) compared to physicians (score: mean 3.88, SD 1.03 out 6). Conclusions: The quality ratings from physicians and patients were comparable and indicated mediocre app quality. Technical affinity, as assessed by using the ATI scale, was slightly lower for patients. Adequate apps for patients with chronic wounds remain limited, emphasizing the need for improved app development to meet patient needs. The ATI scale proved valuable for assessing technical affinity among different user groups.

  @article{dege2024patientcentered, abstract = {Background: The prevalence of chronic wounds is predicted to increase within the aging populations in industrialized countries. Patients experience significant distress due to pain, wound secretions, and the resulting immobilization. As the number of wounds continues to rise, their adequate care becomes increasingly costly in terms of health care resources worldwide. eHealth support systems are being increasingly integrated into patient care. However, to date, no systematic analysis of such apps for chronic wounds has been published. Objective: The aims of this study were to systematically identify and subjectively assess publicly available German- or English-language mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds, with quality assessments performed by both patients and physicians. Methods: Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search and assessment of German- or English-language mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds that were available in the Google Play Store and Apple App Store from April 2022 to May 2022. In total, 3 apps met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed independently by 10 physicians using the German Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the System Usability Scale (SUS). The app with the highest mean MARS score was subsequently reviewed by 11 patients with chronic wounds using the German user version of the MARS (uMARS) and the SUS. Additionally, Affinity for Technology Interaction (ATI) scale scores were collected from both patients and physicians. Results: This study assessed mobile apps for patients with chronic wounds that were selected from a pool of 118 identified apps. Of the 73 apps available in both app stores, 10 were patient oriented. After excluding apps with advertisements or costs, 3 apps were evaluated by 10 physicians. Mean MARS scores ranged from 2.64 (SD 0.65) to 3.88 (SD 0.65) out of 5, and mean SUS scores ranged from 50.75 (SD 27) to 80.5 (SD 17.7) out of 100. WUND APP received the highest mean MARS score (mean 3.88, SD 0.65 out of 5) among physicians. Hence, it was subsequently assessed by 11 patients and achieved a similar rating (uMARS score: mean 3.89, SD 0.4 out of 5). Technical affinity, as measured with the ATI scale, was slightly lower in patients (score: mean 3.62, SD 1.35 out of 6) compared to physicians (score: mean 3.88, SD 1.03 out 6). Conclusions: The quality ratings from physicians and patients were comparable and indicated mediocre app quality. Technical affinity, as assessed by using the ATI scale, was slightly lower for patients. Adequate apps for patients with chronic wounds remain limited, emphasizing the need for improved app development to meet patient needs. The ATI scale proved valuable for assessing technical affinity among different user groups.}, author = {Dege, Tassilo and Glatzel, Bernadette and Borst, Vanessa and Grän, Franziska and Goller, Simon and Glatzel, Caroline and Goebeler, Matthias and Schmieder, Astrid}, journal = {JMIR mHealth and uHealth}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {03}, title = {Patient-Centered Chronic Wound Care Mobile Apps: Systematic Identification, Analysis, and Assessment}, volume = 12, year = 2024 }
• Recent Advances in Procedural Generation of Buildings: From Diversity to Integration. Kutzias, Damian; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IEEE Trans. Games, 16(1), S. 16–35. 2024.
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  @article{Kutzias:2024ac, author = {Kutzias, Damian and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {IEEE Trans. Games}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, number = 1, pages = {16-35}, title = {Recent Advances in Procedural Generation of Buildings: From Diversity to Integration.}, volume = 16, year = 2024 }
• A Data-Driven Model for Range Sensors. Spiess, Florian; Strobel, Norbert; Kaupp, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In International Journal of Semantic Computing, S. 1–18. 2024.
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  In this paper, an analysis of the precision of range sensors is presented. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data from three different sensors (HLS-LFCD-LDS, SICK TIM561, and Kinect V2), stereo data from the Realsense D435, and structured light data from both Kinect V1 for Xbox and the Xtion PRO Live were analyzed regarding the influence of range, incident angle to the surface, and surface material. In addition, a comparison with standard deviation models based on vendor-provided specifications was performed. We found that the vendor specifications are in general not specific enough to facilitate accurate sensor simulations. Therefore, we developed a data-driven model for range precision. Our model can be used to create realistic sensor simulations and to develop robot navigation algorithms weighing sensor range readings based on the precision.

  @article{doi:10.1142/S1793351X24300012, abstract = {In this paper, an analysis of the precision of range sensors is presented. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data from three different sensors (HLS-LFCD-LDS, SICK TIM561, and Kinect V2), stereo data from the Realsense D435, and structured light data from both Kinect V1 for Xbox and the Xtion PRO Live were analyzed regarding the influence of range, incident angle to the surface, and surface material. In addition, a comparison with standard deviation models based on vendor-provided specifications was performed. We found that the vendor specifications are in general not specific enough to facilitate accurate sensor simulations. Therefore, we developed a data-driven model for range precision. Our model can be used to create realistic sensor simulations and to develop robot navigation algorithms weighing sensor range readings based on the precision.}, author = {Spiess, Florian and Strobel, Norbert and Kaupp, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {International Journal of Semantic Computing}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {02}, pages = {1-18}, title = {A Data-Driven Model for Range Sensors}, year = 2024 }
• Plan the Access? Generic Hardware Independent Energy Consumption and Efficiency Model for Different LoRaWAN Channel Access Approaches. Loh, Frank; Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2024.
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  @article{info3-article-2024-3, author = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal}, keywords = {greenfield}, month = {02}, title = {Plan the Access? Generic Hardware Independent Energy Consumption and Efficiency Model for Different LoRaWAN Channel Access Approaches}, year = 2024 }
• QoEXplainer: Mediating Explainable Quality of Experience Models with Large Language Models. Wehner, Nikolas; Feldhus, Nils; Seufert, Michael; Möller, Sebastian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Karlshamn, Sweden, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-4, address = {Karlshamn, Sweden}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Feldhus, Nils and Seufert, Michael and Möller, Sebastian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {QoEXplainer: Mediating Explainable Quality of Experience Models with Large Language Models}, year = 2024 }
• Sitting, Chatting, Waiting: Influence of Loading Times on Mobile Instant Messaging QoE. Seufert, Anika; Baur, Carina; Poignée, Fabian; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Karlshamn, Sweden, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This paper explores the relationship between loading times and Quality of Experience (QoE) in Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) applications. Using a web application that mimics MIM interfaces, we conducted a QoE study in which participants engaged with a virtual chat partner. We controlled image loading times during chatting and evaluated their impact on QoE, annoyance, and acceptance ratings. Although the results show no difference in the QoE ratings, they clearly show that longer delays lead to greater annoyance and lower user acceptance. These findings underscore the importance for MIM app providers to minimize loading times in order to increase user satisfaction and retention.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-5, abstract = {This paper explores the relationship between loading times and Quality of Experience (QoE) in Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM) applications. Using a web application that mimics MIM interfaces, we conducted a QoE study in which participants engaged with a virtual chat partner. We controlled image loading times during chatting and evaluated their impact on QoE, annoyance, and acceptance ratings. Although the results show no difference in the QoE ratings, they clearly show that longer delays lead to greater annoyance and lower user acceptance. These findings underscore the importance for MIM app providers to minimize loading times in order to increase user satisfaction and retention.}, address = {Karlshamn, Sweden}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Baur, Carina and Poignée, Fabian and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Sitting, Chatting, Waiting: Influence of Loading Times on Mobile Instant Messaging QoE}, year = 2024 }
• Investigation of Serverless Consumption and Performance in Multi-Access Edge Computing. TrungKien, Nguyen; Loh, Frank; TrungKiem, Nguyen; MinhChau, Nguyen; Huu Thanh, Nguyen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In The 38th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN). 2024.
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  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-1, author = {TrungKien, Nguyen and Loh, Frank and TrungKiem, Nguyen and MinhChau, Nguyen and Huu Thanh, Nguyen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {The 38th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, title = {Investigation of Serverless Consumption and Performance in Multi-Access Edge Computing}, year = 2024 }
• Agree to Disagree: Exploring Consensus of XAI Methods for ML-based NIDS. Dietz, Katharina; Hajizadeh, Mehrdad; Schleicher, Johannes; Wehner, Nikolas; Geißler, Stefan; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 1st Workshop on Network Security Operations (NeSecOr) as part of CNSM’24. Prague, Czech Republic, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-8, address = {Prague, Czech Republic}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Hajizadeh, Mehrdad and Schleicher, Johannes and Wehner, Nikolas and Geißler, Stefan and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {1st Workshop on Network Security Operations (NeSecOr) as part of CNSM'24}, keywords = {vipnano}, month = 10, title = {Agree to Disagree: Exploring Consensus of XAI Methods for ML-based NIDS}, year = 2024 }
• Challenges in the evaluation of earth observation products: Accuracy assessment case study using convolutional neural networks. Prantl, Thomas; Barthel, Til; Kaiser, Dennis; Schwinger, Maximilian; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment. Elsevier BV, 2024.
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  @article{PrBaKaScBaKo_2024_EO_Challenges, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Barthel, Til and Kaiser, Dennis and Schwinger, Maximilian and Bauer, André and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = 12, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Challenges in the evaluation of earth observation products: Accuracy assessment case study using convolutional neural networks}, year = 2024 }
• Binded to the Lights - Storytelling with a Physically Embodied and a Virtual Robot using Emotionally Adapted Lights. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Ganal, Elisabeth; Yalcin, Murat; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024), S. 2117–2124. IEEE, 2024.
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  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2024lightsvr, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Ganal, Elisabeth and Yalcin, Murat and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2024)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {2117-2124}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Binded to the Lights - Storytelling with a Physically Embodied and a Virtual Robot using Emotionally Adapted Lights}, year = 2024 }
• FaaSt: A Latency-aware Serverless Scheme for Edge–Cloud Environments. Nguyen, TrungKien; Dao, Hiep; Nguyen, Tung; Loh, Frank; Huu Thanh, Nguyen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-13, author = {Nguyen, TrungKien and Dao, Hiep and Nguyen, Tung and Loh, Frank and Huu Thanh, Nguyen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, title = {FaaSt: A Latency-aware Serverless Scheme for Edge–Cloud Environments}, year = 2024 }
• Overview and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of AI literacy scale. Koch, Martin J.; Wienrich, Carolin; Straka, Samantha; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Carolus, Astrid. In Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, S. 100310. Elsevier BV, 2024.
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  @article{Koch_2024, author = {Koch, Martin J. and Wienrich, Carolin and Straka, Samantha and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Carolus, Astrid}, journal = {Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence}, keywords = {aiatwork}, month = 12, pages = 100310, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, title = {Overview and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis of AI literacy scale}, volume = 7, year = 2024 }
• Centralized vs. Decentralized: A Hybrid Performance Model of the TSN Resource Allocation Protocol. Raunecker, David; Geißler, Stefan; Grigorjew, Alexej; Diederich, Philip; Kellerer, Wolfgang; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Time-Sensitive Networking can provide a wide array of QoS guarantees that can be leveraged in a variety of use cases, ranging from industrial applications to autonomous driving. While the control plane can be configured following either a distributed or a centralized paradigm, it is difficult to make general assertions about the affinity of different topologies and use cases towards these configuration methods. In this work, we propose a hybrid simulation of the Resource Allocation Protocol to evaluate the reservation performance across a wide range of network configurations. Results show distinct behaviors between the configuration paradigms, making a case for decentralized control when scalability is critical. In addition, we make our implementation of the developed hybrid model publicly available.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-12, abstract = {Time-Sensitive Networking can provide a wide array of QoS guarantees that can be leveraged in a variety of use cases, ranging from industrial applications to autonomous driving. While the control plane can be configured following either a distributed or a centralized paradigm, it is difficult to make general assertions about the affinity of different topologies and use cases towards these configuration methods. In this work, we propose a hybrid simulation of the Resource Allocation Protocol to evaluate the reservation performance across a wide range of network configurations. Results show distinct behaviors between the configuration paradigms, making a case for decentralized control when scalability is critical. In addition, we make our implementation of the developed hybrid model publicly available.}, author = {Raunecker, David and Geißler, Stefan and Grigorjew, Alexej and Diederich, Philip and Kellerer, Wolfgang and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {20th International Conference on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {dfgappaware2}, month = 10, title = {Centralized vs. Decentralized: A Hybrid Performance Model of the TSN Resource Allocation Protocol}, year = 2024 }
• News Ninja: Gamified Annotation Of Linguistic Bias In Online News. Hinterreiter, Smi; Spinde, Timo; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Echizen, Isao; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the ACM Human-Computer Interaction, 8(CHI PLAY, Article 327), S. 29. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Recent research shows that visualizing linguistic bias mitigates its negative effects. However, reliable automatic detection methods to generate such visualizations require costly, knowledge-intensive training data. To facilitate data collection for media bias datasets, we present News Ninja, a game employing data-collecting game mechanics to generate a crowdsourced dataset. Before annotating sentences, players are educated on media bias via a tutorial. Our findings show that datasets gathered with crowdsourced workers trained on News Ninja can reach significantly higher inter-annotator agreements than expert and crowdsourced datasets with similar data quality. As News Ninja encourages continuous play, it allows datasets to adapt to the reception and contextualization of news over time, presenting a promising strategy to reduce data collection expenses, educate players, and promote long-term bias mitigation.

  @article{hinterreiter2024ninja, abstract = {Recent research shows that visualizing linguistic bias mitigates its negative effects. However, reliable automatic detection methods to generate such visualizations require costly, knowledge-intensive training data. To facilitate data collection for media bias datasets, we present News Ninja, a game employing data-collecting game mechanics to generate a crowdsourced dataset. Before annotating sentences, players are educated on media bias via a tutorial. Our findings show that datasets gathered with crowdsourced workers trained on News Ninja can reach significantly higher inter-annotator agreements than expert and crowdsourced datasets with similar data quality. As News Ninja encourages continuous play, it allows datasets to adapt to the reception and contextualization of news over time, presenting a promising strategy to reduce data collection expenses, educate players, and promote long-term bias mitigation.}, author = {Hinterreiter, Smi and Spinde, Timo and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Echizen, Isao and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Proceedings of the ACM Human-Computer Interaction}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = 10, number = {CHI PLAY, Article 327}, pages = 29, title = {News Ninja: Gamified Annotation Of Linguistic Bias In Online News}, volume = 8, year = 2024 }
• Time-Sensitive Networking over the Air: Combining 5G and TSN. Grigorjew, Alexej; Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In WueWoWAS’24 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-10, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {WueWoWAS'24 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks}, keywords = {kosinu5}, month = 10, title = {Time-Sensitive Networking over the Air: Combining 5G and TSN}, year = 2024 }
• Fitting the Puzzle: Towards Source Traffic Modeling For Mobile Instant Messaging. Poignée, Fabian; Seufert, Anika; Loh, Frank; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2024 15th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF). Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-11, address = {Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain}, author = {Poignée, Fabian and Seufert, Anika and Loh, Frank and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2024 15th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {Fitting the Puzzle: Towards Source Traffic Modeling For Mobile Instant Messaging}, year = 2024 }
• Common Cues? Toward the Relationship of Spatial Presence and the Sense of Embodiment. Halbig, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), S. 1117–1126. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The sense of presence and the sense of embodiment are two fundamental qualia, pivotal to many virtual reality experiences. Empirical research indicates a notable interdependence between these two qualia, where manipulations designed to affect one often exhibit a concurrent influence on the other. Existing theories on the development of qualia in virtual reality make no or only insufficient statements on this deep interdependence. In this work, we present a novel theoretical perspective on this connection. Based on existing theories, we argue that all the fundamental cues influencing one quale have the potential to impact the other one too. We present three studies (\($n=42, n=42, n=32$\)) that generally support this novel perspective. Among other things, they show that traditional spatial presence cues such as head-tracking and passive depth cues (stereoscopy, linear perspective, etc.) can potentially also serve as embodiment cues. Conversely, they show that typical embodiment cues such as the visuotactile and visuoproprioceptive synchrony of a virtual hand are also spatial presence cues. The cues only differ in terms of how strongly they influence the respective quale. This novel perspective not only enhances our understanding of fundamental mechanics of virtual reality but it can also guide the development of more effective measurement instruments.

  @inproceedings{halbig2024common, abstract = {The sense of presence and the sense of embodiment are two fundamental qualia, pivotal to many virtual reality experiences. Empirical research indicates a notable interdependence between these two qualia, where manipulations designed to affect one often exhibit a concurrent influence on the other. Existing theories on the development of qualia in virtual reality make no or only insufficient statements on this deep interdependence. In this work, we present a novel theoretical perspective on this connection. Based on existing theories, we argue that all the fundamental cues influencing one quale have the potential to impact the other one too. We present three studies ($n=42, n=42, n=32$) that generally support this novel perspective. Among other things, they show that traditional spatial presence cues such as head-tracking and passive depth cues (stereoscopy, linear perspective, etc.) can potentially also serve as embodiment cues. Conversely, they show that typical embodiment cues such as the visuotactile and visuoproprioceptive synchrony of a virtual hand are also spatial presence cues. The cues only differ in terms of how strongly they influence the respective quale. This novel perspective not only enhances our understanding of fundamental mechanics of virtual reality but it can also guide the development of more effective measurement instruments.}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, author = {Halbig, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {23rd IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = 10, pages = {1117-1126}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, title = {Common Cues? Toward the Relationship of Spatial Presence and the Sense of Embodiment}, year = 2024 }
• (Not) The Sum of Its Parts: Relating Individual Video and Browsing Stimuli to Web Session QoE. Schleicher, Johannes; Wehner, Nikolas; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Karlshamn, Sweden, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-3, address = {Karlshamn, Sweden}, author = {Schleicher, Johannes and Wehner, Nikolas and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {(Not) The Sum of Its Parts: Relating Individual Video and Browsing Stimuli to Web Session QoE}, year = 2024 }
• Certainly Uncertain: Demystifying ML Uncertainty for Active Learning in Network Monitoring Tasks. Dietz, Katharina; Hajizadeh, Mehrdad; Wehner, Nikolas; Geißler, Stefan; Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Prague, Czech Republic, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-7, address = {Prague, Czech Republic}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Hajizadeh, Mehrdad and Wehner, Nikolas and Geißler, Stefan and Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {vipnano}, month = 10, title = {Certainly Uncertain: Demystifying ML Uncertainty for Active Learning in Network Monitoring Tasks}, year = 2024 }
• Traumatic childhood experiences and personality functioning: effect of body connection in a cross-sectional German and Chilean sample. Bertsch, Katja; Göhre, Isabelle; Cottin, Marianne; Zettl, Max; Wienrich, Carolin; Back, Sarah N. In Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 11(1), S. 20. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Traumatic childhood experiences are a major risk factor for developing mental disorders later in life. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to investigate the role of early trauma in impairments in personality functioning following the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5. Although first studies were able to empirically demonstrate a significant link between early trauma and impairments in personality functioning, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is body connection due to its involvement in self-regulatory processes and its link to both early trauma and personality (dys)functioning.

  @article{Bertsch2024, abstract = {Traumatic childhood experiences are a major risk factor for developing mental disorders later in life. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to investigate the role of early trauma in impairments in personality functioning following the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5. Although first studies were able to empirically demonstrate a significant link between early trauma and impairments in personality functioning, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is body connection due to its involvement in self-regulatory processes and its link to both early trauma and personality (dys)functioning.}, author = {Bertsch, Katja and Göhre, Isabelle and Cottin, Marianne and Zettl, Max and Wienrich, Carolin and Back, Sarah N.}, journal = {Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {08}, number = 1, pages = 20, title = {Traumatic childhood experiences and personality functioning: effect of body connection in a cross-sectional German and Chilean sample}, volume = 11, year = 2024 }
• Binded to the Lights – Storytelling with a Physically Embodied and a Virtual Robot using Emotionally Adapted Lights. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Ganal, Elisabeth; Yalcin, Murat; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit. In , S. 2117–2124. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Virtual environments (VEs) can be designed to evoke specific emotions for example by using colored light, not only applicable for games but also for virtual storytelling with a single storyteller. Social robots are perfectly suited as storytellers due to their multimodality. However, there is no research yet on the transferability of robotic storytelling to virtual reality (VR). In addition, the transfer of concepts from VE design such as adaptive room illumination to robotic storytelling has yet not been tested. Thus, we conducted a study comparing the same robotic storytelling with a physically embodied robotic storyteller and in VR to investigate the transferability of robotic storytelling to VR. As a second factor, we manipulated the room light following design guidelines for VEs or kept it constant. Results show that a virtual robotic storyteller is not perceived worse than a physically embodied storyteller, suggesting the applicability of virtual static robotic storytellers. Regarding emotion-driven lighting, no significant effect of colored lights on self-reported emotions was found, but adding colored light increased the social presence of the robot and its’ perceived competence in both VR and reality. As our study was limited by a static robotic storyteller not using bodily expressiveness future work is needed to investigate the interaction between well-researched robot modalities and the rather new modality of colored light based on our results.

  @proceedings{10731419, abstract = {Virtual environments (VEs) can be designed to evoke specific emotions for example by using colored light, not only applicable for games but also for virtual storytelling with a single storyteller. Social robots are perfectly suited as storytellers due to their multimodality. However, there is no research yet on the transferability of robotic storytelling to virtual reality (VR). In addition, the transfer of concepts from VE design such as adaptive room illumination to robotic storytelling has yet not been tested. Thus, we conducted a study comparing the same robotic storytelling with a physically embodied robotic storyteller and in VR to investigate the transferability of robotic storytelling to VR. As a second factor, we manipulated the room light following design guidelines for VEs or kept it constant. Results show that a virtual robotic storyteller is not perceived worse than a physically embodied storyteller, suggesting the applicability of virtual static robotic storytellers. Regarding emotion-driven lighting, no significant effect of colored lights on self-reported emotions was found, but adding colored light increased the social presence of the robot and its’ perceived competence in both VR and reality. As our study was limited by a static robotic storyteller not using bodily expressiveness future work is needed to investigate the interaction between well-researched robot modalities and the rather new modality of colored light based on our results.}, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Ganal, Elisabeth and Yalcin, Murat and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2024 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (ROMAN)}, keywords = {myalcin}, month = {08}, pages = {2117-2124}, title = {Binded to the Lights – Storytelling with a Physically Embodied and a Virtual Robot using Emotionally Adapted Lights}, year = 2024 }
• Security Analysis of a Decentralized, Revocable and Verifiable Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme. Prantl, Thomas; Lauer, Marco; Horn, Lukas; Engel, Simon; Dingel, David; Kounev, Samuel; Bauer, André; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, von ARES 2024, S. 1–11. ACM, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ARES_2024_ABE, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Lauer, Marco and Horn, Lukas and Engel, Simon and Dingel, David and Kounev, Samuel and Bauer, André and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {07}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {ARES 2024}, title = {Security Analysis of a Decentralized, Revocable and Verifiable Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme}, year = 2024 }
• Emerging Technologies and Frameworks for Serious Games. Chetitah, Mounsif; von Mammen, Sebastian; Liarokapis, Fotis. In Human-Computer Interaction in Various Application Domains, 1. Aufl., C. Stephanidis, G. Salvendy (Hrsg.), S. 194–213. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  More than 50 years have passed since the first serious computer games appeared. Their general goal is to motivate players to learn and to improve their learning outcomes. To this end, the players are given specific tasks and challenges in entertaining and engaging contexts. Serious games have evolved from a traditional video game setup to diverse, playful, real-time interactive systems also harnessing, for instance, novel extended reality interfaces. There are two obvious challenges in the design of serious games: (1) Turning learning objectives into games and (2) establishing a playful, rewarding game-loop that ensures the learning objectives are met. The paths to address these challenges vary depending on the learning objectives and contexts, the deployment technology and the available resources for development. The purpose of this chapter is to elaborate on the underlying conceptual and technological challenges and to present perspectives on theoretical and practical solutions.

  @inbook{Chetitah:0aa, abstract = {More than 50 years have passed since the first serious computer games appeared. Their general goal is to motivate players to learn and to improve their learning outcomes. To this end, the players are given specific tasks and challenges in entertaining and engaging contexts. Serious games have evolved from a traditional video game setup to diverse, playful, real-time interactive systems also harnessing, for instance, novel extended reality interfaces. There are two obvious challenges in the design of serious games: (1) Turning learning objectives into games and (2) establishing a playful, rewarding game-loop that ensures the learning objectives are met. The paths to address these challenges vary depending on the learning objectives and contexts, the deployment technology and the available resources for development. The purpose of this chapter is to elaborate on the underlying conceptual and technological challenges and to present perspectives on theoretical and practical solutions.}, author = {Chetitah, Mounsif and von Mammen, Sebastian and Liarokapis, Fotis}, booktitle = {Human-Computer Interaction in Various Application Domains}, edition = 1, editor = {Stephanidis, Constantine and Salvendy, Gavriel}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = {194–213}, publisher = {CRC Press, Taylor \& Francis Group}, series = {HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION: FOUNDATIONS, METHODS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS}, title = {Emerging Technologies and Frameworks for Serious Games}, type = {Publication}, year = 2024 }
• COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth Utilization. Seufert, Michael; Spangenberger, Marius; Poignée, Fabian; Wamser, Florian; Robitza, Werner; Timmerer, Christian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2024-5, author = {Seufert, Michael and Spangenberger, Marius and Poignée, Fabian and Wamser, Florian and Robitza, Werner and Timmerer, Christian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {07}, title = {COBIRAS: Offering a Continuous Bit Rate Slide to Maximize DASH Streaming Bandwidth Utilization}, year = 2024 }
• Understanding Serverless Computing: The Evolution of Cloud Service Models. Kounev, Samuel. Keynote Talk at Third International Workshop on Serverless Computing Experience, Zurich, Switzerland, 2024, Juni 19.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{kounev2024understanding, address = {Zurich, Switzerland}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {06}, note = {https://www.serverlesscomputing.org/woscx3/talks.html}, publisher = {Keynote Talk at Third International Workshop on Serverless Computing Experience}, title = {Understanding Serverless Computing: The Evolution of Cloud Service Models}, year = 2024 }
• Industry Use Case Viability Study with Performance Models for Satellite Computing Networks. Poignée, Fabian; Loh, Frank; Zeiger, Florian; Sauer, Markus; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking). Thessaloniki, Greece, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2024-6, address = {Thessaloniki, Greece}, author = {Poignée, Fabian and Loh, Frank and Zeiger, Florian and Sauer, Markus and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {Industry Use Case Viability Study with Performance Models for Satellite Computing Networks}, year = 2024 }
• Thinking in Categories: A Survey on Assessing the Quality for Time Series Synthesis. Stenger, Michael; Bauer, André; Prantl, Thomas; Leppich, Robert; Hudson, Nathaniel; Chard, Kyle; Foster, Ian; Kounev, Samuel. In ACM J. Data and Information Quality, 16(2). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Time series data are widely used and provide a wealth of information for countless applications. However, some applications are faced with a limited amount of data, or the data cannot be used due to confidentiality concerns. To overcome these obstacles, time series can be generated synthetically. For example, electrocardiograms can be synthesized to make them available for building models to predict conditions such as cardiac arrhythmia without leaking patient information. Although many different approaches to time series synthesis have been proposed, evaluating the quality of synthetic time series data poses unique challenges and remains an open problem, as there is a lack of a clear definition of what constitutes a “good” synthesis. To this end, we present a comprehensive literature survey to identify different aspects of synthesis quality and their relationships. Based on this, we propose a definition of synthesis quality and a systematic evaluation procedure for assessing it. With this work, we aim to provide a common language and criteria for evaluating synthetic time series data. Our goal is to promote more rigorous and reproducible research in time series synthesis by enabling researchers and practitioners to generate high-quality synthetic time series data.

  @article{10.1145/3666006, abstract = {Time series data are widely used and provide a wealth of information for countless applications. However, some applications are faced with a limited amount of data, or the data cannot be used due to confidentiality concerns. To overcome these obstacles, time series can be generated synthetically. For example, electrocardiograms can be synthesized to make them available for building models to predict conditions such as cardiac arrhythmia without leaking patient information. Although many different approaches to time series synthesis have been proposed, evaluating the quality of synthetic time series data poses unique challenges and remains an open problem, as there is a lack of a clear definition of what constitutes a “good” synthesis. To this end, we present a comprehensive literature survey to identify different aspects of synthesis quality and their relationships. Based on this, we propose a definition of synthesis quality and a systematic evaluation procedure for assessing it. With this work, we aim to provide a common language and criteria for evaluating synthetic time series data. Our goal is to promote more rigorous and reproducible research in time series synthesis by enabling researchers and practitioners to generate high-quality synthetic time series data.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Stenger, Michael and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Prantl, Thomas and Leppich, Robert and Hudson, Nathaniel and Chard, Kyle and Foster, Ian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {ACM J. Data and Information Quality}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {06}, number = 2, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Thinking in Categories: A Survey on Assessing the Quality for Time Series Synthesis}, volume = 16, year = 2024 }
• CompTrails: comparing hypotheses across behavioral networks. Koopmann, Tobias; Becker, Martin; Lemmerich, Florian; Hotho, Andreas. In Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The term Behavioral Networks describes networks that contain relational information on human behavior. This ranges from social networks that contain friendships or cooperations between individuals, to navigational networks that contain geographical or web navigation, and many more. Understanding the forces driving behavior within these networks can be beneficial to improving the underlying network, for example, by generating new hyperlinks on websites, or by proposing new connections and friends on social networks. Previous approaches considered different hypotheses on a single network and evaluated which hypothesis fits best. These hypotheses can represent human intuition and expert opinions or be based on previous insights. In this work, we extend these approaches to enable the comparison of a single hypothesis between multiple networks. We unveil several issues of naive approaches that potentially impact comparisons and lead to undesired results. Based on these findings, we propose a framework with five flexible components that allow addressing specific analysis goals tailored to the application scenario. We show the benefits and limits of our approach by applying it to synthetic data and several real-world datasets, including web navigation, bibliometric navigation, and geographic navigation. Our work supports practitioners and researchers with the aim of understanding similarities and differences in human behavior between environments.

  @article{Koopmann2024, abstract = {The term Behavioral Networks describes networks that contain relational information on human behavior. This ranges from social networks that contain friendships or cooperations between individuals, to navigational networks that contain geographical or web navigation, and many more. Understanding the forces driving behavior within these networks can be beneficial to improving the underlying network, for example, by generating new hyperlinks on websites, or by proposing new connections and friends on social networks. Previous approaches considered different hypotheses on a single network and evaluated which hypothesis fits best. These hypotheses can represent human intuition and expert opinions or be based on previous insights. In this work, we extend these approaches to enable the comparison of a single hypothesis between multiple networks. We unveil several issues of naive approaches that potentially impact comparisons and lead to undesired results. Based on these findings, we propose a framework with five flexible components that allow addressing specific analysis goals tailored to the application scenario. We show the benefits and limits of our approach by applying it to synthetic data and several real-world datasets, including web navigation, bibliometric navigation, and geographic navigation. Our work supports practitioners and researchers with the aim of understanding similarities and differences in human behavior between environments.}, author = {Koopmann, Tobias and Becker, Martin and Lemmerich, Florian and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, keywords = {hypotheses}, month = {01}, title = {CompTrails: comparing hypotheses across behavioral networks}, year = 2024 }
• DARC- Amateurfunklehrgang Klasse N. Amberg, Matthias; Bartels, Henrik; Behrens, Jan; Berka, Helmut; Dahlke, Mathias; Danowski, Michael; Deharde, Sabrina; Finkenzeller, Klaus; Funke, Michael; Groni, Michael; Hartje, Michael; Hillmer, Christian; Jerke, Ronny; Jung, Matthias; Kless, Erich; Krause, Karlheinz; Kregel, Stephan; Krüger, Andreas; Lowack, Michael; Mittendorf, Daniel; Rode, Harald; Schmid, Florian; Schumacher, Alexander; Schwan, Marco; Schwarz, Hans; Swierczek, Björn; Thielmann, Aaron; Weber, Carmen; Weiler, Lars; Wiedemann, Severin. First , M. Jung; B. Swierczek (Hrsg.). DARC Verlag, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Willkommen in der faszinierenden Welt des Amateurfunks! Der Amateurfunkdienst bietet nicht nur die Möglichkeit zur persönlichen Wissenserweiterung durch Experimente und kontinuierliche Weiterbildung, sondern erlaubt auch, einen Beitrag zur globalen Verständigung zu leisten. Zudem kann der Amateurfunkdienst bei Hilfsaktionen in Not- und Katastrophenfällen unterstützen. Es ist wichtig zu betonen, dass der Amateurfunkdienst auf gleicher Ebene mit anderen Funkdiensten, wie zum Beispiel Mobilfunk, Rundfunk und Flugfunk, steht. Als Teilnehmer am Amateurfunkdienst besitzt man das Recht, eigene Sende- und Empfangsanlagen zu entwickeln und zu betreiben. Der Amateurfunk eröffnet die Möglichkeit, mit einer Vielzahl von Übertragungsverfahren zu experimentieren – von der klassischen Kurzwelle über Satellitenfunk bis hin zum Internet der Dinge, einschließlich neuer Verfahren mithilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz. Für die Teilnahme am Amateurfunkdienst ist ein Amateurfunkzeugnis erforderlich, das durch eine erfolgreiche Prüfung bei der Bundesnetzagentur erlangt wird. In Deutschland gliedert sich der Amateurfunk in drei Klassen: die Klasse N für Neueinsteiger, die erweiterte Klasse E und die Klasse A mit höchster Leistung auf allen zugeteilten Frequenzen. Diese Buchreihe dient der Vorbereitung auf die Prüfungen für die verschiedenen Amateurfunkklassen. Es ist zu beachten, dass die Prüflinge unterschiedliche Vorkenntnisse mitbringen. Für manche kann es ratsam sein, die Prüfungen für die verschiedenen Klassen in aufeinanderfolgender Reihenfolge abzulegen, während andere den direkten Weg zur Klasse A wählen. Einige finden im Selbststudium mit einem Buch oder einem Online-Kurs ausreichend Unterstützung, während andere einen Präsenzkurs oder einen persönlichen Ansprechpartner bevorzugen. Diese Buchreihe sowie die dazu gehörige Online-Plattform sind darauf ausgerichtet, all diesen unterschiedlichen Lernstile gerecht zu werden.

  @book{amberg2024amateurfunklehrgang, abstract = {Willkommen in der faszinierenden Welt des Amateurfunks! Der Amateurfunkdienst bietet nicht nur die Möglichkeit zur persönlichen Wissenserweiterung durch Experimente und kontinuierliche Weiterbildung, sondern erlaubt auch, einen Beitrag zur globalen Verständigung zu leisten. Zudem kann der Amateurfunkdienst bei Hilfsaktionen in Not- und Katastrophenfällen unterstützen. Es ist wichtig zu betonen, dass der Amateurfunkdienst auf gleicher Ebene mit anderen Funkdiensten, wie zum Beispiel Mobilfunk, Rundfunk und Flugfunk, steht. Als Teilnehmer am Amateurfunkdienst besitzt man das Recht, eigene Sende- und Empfangsanlagen zu entwickeln und zu betreiben. Der Amateurfunk eröffnet die Möglichkeit, mit einer Vielzahl von Übertragungsverfahren zu experimentieren – von der klassischen Kurzwelle über Satellitenfunk bis hin zum Internet der Dinge, einschließlich neuer Verfahren mithilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz. Für die Teilnahme am Amateurfunkdienst ist ein Amateurfunkzeugnis erforderlich, das durch eine erfolgreiche Prüfung bei der Bundesnetzagentur erlangt wird. In Deutschland gliedert sich der Amateurfunk in drei Klassen: die Klasse N für Neueinsteiger, die erweiterte Klasse E und die Klasse A mit höchster Leistung auf allen zugeteilten Frequenzen. Diese Buchreihe dient der Vorbereitung auf die Prüfungen für die verschiedenen Amateurfunkklassen. Es ist zu beachten, dass die Prüflinge unterschiedliche Vorkenntnisse mitbringen. Für manche kann es ratsam sein, die Prüfungen für die verschiedenen Klassen in aufeinanderfolgender Reihenfolge abzulegen, während andere den direkten Weg zur Klasse A wählen. Einige finden im Selbststudium mit einem Buch oder einem Online-Kurs ausreichend Unterstützung, während andere einen Präsenzkurs oder einen persönlichen Ansprechpartner bevorzugen. Diese Buchreihe sowie die dazu gehörige Online-Plattform sind darauf ausgerichtet, all diesen unterschiedlichen Lernstile gerecht zu werden.}, author = {Amberg, Matthias and Bartels, Henrik and Behrens, Jan and Berka, Helmut and Dahlke, Mathias and Danowski, Michael and Deharde, Sabrina and Finkenzeller, Klaus and Funke, Michael and Groni, Michael and Hartje, Michael and Hillmer, Christian and Jerke, Ronny and Jung, Matthias and Kless, Erich and Krause, Karlheinz and Kregel, Stephan and Krüger, Andreas and Lowack, Michael and Mittendorf, Daniel and Rode, Harald and Schmid, Florian and Schumacher, Alexander and Schwan, Marco and Schwarz, Hans and Swierczek, Björn and Thielmann, Aaron and Weber, Carmen and Weiler, Lars and Wiedemann, Severin}, edition = {First}, editor = {Jung, Matthias and Swierczek, Björn}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, publisher = {DARC Verlag}, title = {DARC- Amateurfunklehrgang Klasse N}, year = 2024 }
• Monitoring the Quality of Streaming and Internet of Things Applications. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Loh, Frank. PhD dissertation. University of Würzburg, 2024, Januar.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @phdthesis{info3-dissertation-2024-1, author = {Loh, Frank}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, school = {University of Würzburg}, title = {Monitoring the Quality of Streaming and Internet of Things Applications}, year = 2024 }
• Empower the user - The impact of functional understanding training on usage, social perception, and self-determined interactions with intelligent voice assistants. Markus, André; Pfister, Jan; Carolus, Astrid; Hotho, Andreas; Wienrich, Carolin. In Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell., 6, S. 100229. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{markus2024empower, author = {Markus, Andr{\'{e}} and Pfister, Jan and Carolus, Astrid and Hotho, Andreas and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell.}, keywords = 2024, pages = 100229, title = {Empower the user - The impact of functional understanding training on usage, social perception, and self-determined interactions with intelligent voice assistants}, volume = 6, year = 2024 }
• Proteus Effect or Bodily Affordance? The Influence of Virtual High-Heels on Gait Behavior. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Birnstiel, Sandra; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Virtual Reality, 28(2), S. 81. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Shoes are an important part of the fashion industry, stereotypically affect our self-awareness as well as external perception, and can even biomechanically modify our gait pattern. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) enables users not only to explore virtual environments, but also to control an avatar as a proxy for themselves. These avatars can wear any kind of shoe which might similarly affect self-awareness due to the Proteus Effect and even cause a bodily affordance to change the gait pattern. Bodily affordance describes a behavioral change in accordance with the expected constraints of the avatar a user is embodied with. In this article, we present the results of three user studies investigating potential changes in the gait pattern evoked by wearing virtual high-heels. Two user studies targeted female participants and one user study focused male participants. The participants wore either virtual sneakers or virtual high-heels while constantly wearing sneakers or socks in reality. To measure the gait pattern, the participants walked on a treadmill that also was added to the virtual environment. We measured significant differences in stride length and in the flexion of the hips and knees at heel strike and partly at toe off. Also, participants reported to walk more comfortably in the virtual sneakers in contrast to the virtual high-heels. This indicates a strong acceptance of the virtual shoes as their real shoes and hence suggests the existence of a bodily affordance. While sparking a discussion about the boundaries as well as aspects of the Proteus Effect and providing another insight into the effects of embodiment in VR, our results might also be important for researchers and developers.

  @article{oberdorfer2024proteus, abstract = {Shoes are an important part of the fashion industry, stereotypically affect our self-awareness as well as external perception, and can even biomechanically modify our gait pattern. Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) enables users not only to explore virtual environments, but also to control an avatar as a proxy for themselves. These avatars can wear any kind of shoe which might similarly affect self-awareness due to the Proteus Effect and even cause a bodily affordance to change the gait pattern. Bodily affordance describes a behavioral change in accordance with the expected constraints of the avatar a user is embodied with. In this article, we present the results of three user studies investigating potential changes in the gait pattern evoked by wearing virtual high-heels. Two user studies targeted female participants and one user study focused male participants. The participants wore either virtual sneakers or virtual high-heels while constantly wearing sneakers or socks in reality. To measure the gait pattern, the participants walked on a treadmill that also was added to the virtual environment. We measured significant differences in stride length and in the flexion of the hips and knees at heel strike and partly at toe off. Also, participants reported to walk more comfortably in the virtual sneakers in contrast to the virtual high-heels. This indicates a strong acceptance of the virtual shoes as their real shoes and hence suggests the existence of a bodily affordance. While sparking a discussion about the boundaries as well as aspects of the Proteus Effect and providing another insight into the effects of embodiment in VR, our results might also be important for researchers and developers.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Birnstiel, Sandra and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Virtual Reality}, keywords = {dark-sides-vr}, number = 2, pages = 81, title = {Proteus Effect or Bodily Affordance? The Influence of Virtual High-Heels on Gait Behavior}, volume = 28, year = 2024 }
• Effects of Nonverbal Communication of Virtual Agents on Social Pressure and Encouragement in VR. Martinez Pankotsch, Pascal; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR ’24). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Our study investigated how virtual agents impact users in challenging VR environments, exploring if nonverbal animations affect social pressure, positive encouragement, and trust in 30 female participants. Despite showing signs of pressure and support during the experimental trials, we could not find significant differences in post-exposure measurements of social pressure and encouragement, interpersonal trust, and well-being. While inconclusive, the findings suggest potential, indicating the need for further research with improved animations and a larger sample size for validation.

  @inproceedings{martinezpankotsch2024effects, abstract = {Our study investigated how virtual agents impact users in challenging VR environments, exploring if nonverbal animations affect social pressure, positive encouragement, and trust in 30 female participants. Despite showing signs of pressure and support during the experimental trials, we could not find significant differences in post-exposure measurements of social pressure and encouragement, interpersonal trust, and well-being. While inconclusive, the findings suggest potential, indicating the need for further research with improved animations and a larger sample size for validation.}, author = {Martinez Pankotsch, Pascal and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR '24)}, keywords = {dark-sides-vr}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Effects of Nonverbal Communication of Virtual Agents on Social Pressure and Encouragement in VR}, year = 2024 }
• IMU Airtime Detection in Snowboard Halfpipe: U-Net Deep Learning Approach Outperforms Traditional Threshold Algorithms. Gorges, Tom; Davidson, Padraig; Boeschen, Myriam; Hotho, Andreas; Merz, Christian. In Sensors, 24(21). 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Airtime is crucial for high-rotation tricks in snowboard halfpipe performance, significantly impacting trick difficulty, the primary judging criterion. This study aims to enhance the detection of take-off and landing events using inertial measurement unit (IMU) data in conjunction with machine learning algorithms since manual video-based methods are too time-consuming. Eight elite German National Team snowboarders performed 626 halfpipe tricks, recorded by two IMUs at the lateral lower legs and a video camera. The IMU data, synchronized with video, were labeled manually and segmented for analysis. Utilizing a 1D U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN), we achieved superior performance in all of our experiments, establishing new benchmarks for this binary segmentation task. In our extensive experiments, we achieved an 80.34% lower mean Hausdorff distance for unseen runs compared with the threshold approach when placed solely on the left lower leg. Using both left and right IMUs further improved performance (83.37% lower mean Hausdorff). For data from an algorithm-unknown athlete (Zero-Shot segmentation), the U-Net outperformed the threshold algorithm by 67.58%, and fine-tuning on athlete-specific (Few-Shot segmentation) runs improved the lower mean Hausdorff to 78.68%. The fine-tuned model detected takeoffs with median deviations of 0.008 s (IQR 0.030 s), landing deviations of 0.005 s (IQR 0.020 s), and airtime deviations of 0.000 s (IQR 0.027 s). These advancements facilitate real-time feedback and detailed biomechanical analysis, enhancing performance and trick execution, particularly during critical events, such as take-off and landing, where precise time-domain localization is crucial for providing accurate feedback to coaches and athletes.

  @article{s24216773, abstract = {Airtime is crucial for high-rotation tricks in snowboard halfpipe performance, significantly impacting trick difficulty, the primary judging criterion. This study aims to enhance the detection of take-off and landing events using inertial measurement unit (IMU) data in conjunction with machine learning algorithms since manual video-based methods are too time-consuming. Eight elite German National Team snowboarders performed 626 halfpipe tricks, recorded by two IMUs at the lateral lower legs and a video camera. The IMU data, synchronized with video, were labeled manually and segmented for analysis. Utilizing a 1D U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN), we achieved superior performance in all of our experiments, establishing new benchmarks for this binary segmentation task. In our extensive experiments, we achieved an 80.34% lower mean Hausdorff distance for unseen runs compared with the threshold approach when placed solely on the left lower leg. Using both left and right IMUs further improved performance (83.37% lower mean Hausdorff). For data from an algorithm-unknown athlete (Zero-Shot segmentation), the U-Net outperformed the threshold algorithm by 67.58%, and fine-tuning on athlete-specific (Few-Shot segmentation) runs improved the lower mean Hausdorff to 78.68%. The fine-tuned model detected takeoffs with median deviations of 0.008 s (IQR 0.030 s), landing deviations of 0.005 s (IQR 0.020 s), and airtime deviations of 0.000 s (IQR 0.027 s). These advancements facilitate real-time feedback and detailed biomechanical analysis, enhancing performance and trick execution, particularly during critical events, such as take-off and landing, where precise time-domain localization is crucial for providing accurate feedback to coaches and athletes.}, author = {Gorges, Tom and Davidson, Padraig and Boeschen, Myriam and Hotho, Andreas and Merz, Christian}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = 2024, number = 21, title = {IMU Airtime Detection in Snowboard Halfpipe: U-Net Deep Learning Approach Outperforms Traditional Threshold Algorithms}, volume = 24, year = 2024 }
• Generative Inpainting for Shapley-Value-Based Anomaly Explanation. Tritscher, Julian; Lissmann, Philip; Wolf, Maximilian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In Explainable Artificial Intelligence - Second World Conference, xAI 2024, Valletta, Malta, July 17-19, 2024, Proceedings, Part I, Bd. 2153 von Communications in Computer and Information Science, L. Longo, S. Lapuschkin, C. Seifert (Hrsg.), S. 230–243. Springer, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{tritscher2024generative, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Lissmann, Philip and Wolf, Maximilian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel}, booktitle = {Explainable Artificial Intelligence - Second World Conference, xAI 2024, Valletta, Malta, July 17-19, 2024, Proceedings, Part {I}}, editor = {Longo, Luca and Lapuschkin, Sebastian and Seifert, Christin}, keywords = 2024, pages = {230–243}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science}, title = {Generative Inpainting for Shapley-Value-Based Anomaly Explanation}, volume = 2153, year = 2024 }
• Data Generation for Explainable Occupational Fraud Detection. Tritscher, Julian; Wolf, Maximilian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In KI 2024: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 47th German Conference on AI, Würzburg, Germany, September 25-27, 2024, Proceedings, Bd. 14992 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, A. Hotho, S. Rudolph (Hrsg.), S. 246–259. Springer, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{tritscher2024generation, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Wolf, Maximilian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel}, booktitle = {{KI} 2024: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 47th German Conference on AI, W{\"{u}}rzburg, Germany, September 25-27, 2024, Proceedings}, editor = {Hotho, Andreas and Rudolph, Sebastian}, keywords = 2024, pages = {246–259}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Data Generation for Explainable Occupational Fraud Detection}, volume = 14992, year = 2024 }
• Benchmarking of synthetic network data: Reviewing challenges and approaches. Wolf, Maximilian; Tritscher, Julian; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In Comput. Secur., 145, S. 103993. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{wolf2024benchmarking, author = {Wolf, Maximilian and Tritscher, Julian and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel}, journal = {Comput. Secur.}, keywords = 2024, pages = 103993, title = {Benchmarking of synthetic network data: Reviewing challenges and approaches}, volume = 145, year = 2024 }
• SuperGLEBer: German Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmark. Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), NAACL 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 16-21, 2024, K. Duh, H. Gómez-Adorno, S. Bethard (Hrsg.), S. 7904–7923. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{pfister2024supergleber, author = {Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers), {NAACL} 2024, Mexico City, Mexico, June 16-21, 2024}, editor = {Duh, Kevin and G{\'{o}}mez{-}Adorno, Helena and Bethard, Steven}, keywords = 2024, pages = {7904–7923}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {SuperGLEBer: German Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmark}, year = 2024 }
• Global Vegetation Modeling with Pre-Trained Weather Transformers. Janetzky, Pascal; Gallusser, Florian; Hentschel, Simon; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In CoRR, abs/2403.18438. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{janetzky2024global, author = {Janetzky, Pascal and Gallusser, Florian and Hentschel, Simon and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {Global Vegetation Modeling with Pre-Trained Weather Transformers}, volume = {abs/2403.18438}, year = 2024 }
• Novel On-Board Data Processing Strategies on Nanosatellite SONATE-2. Maurer, Andreas; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Schwarz, Tobias. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S). Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Reliable on-board data handling is the backbone of every successful satellite mission. New scientific experiments can only be validated, and results obtained, if the recorded scientific data reaches the ground completely and correctly. For this, several special techniques were applied during the implementation of the SONATE-2 mission. Generic communication protocols were defined between all payloads, subsystems, and the On-board data handling (OBDH) of SONATE-2 to reduce the overall complexity of the data management system. With the help of these protocols, the development effort could be reduced, and the data transfers simplified. In addition, this allowed the communication interfaces to be simulated and quickly tested during development with a desktop computer using an OBDH-Simulator.

  @conference{maurerandreas2024novel, abstract = {Reliable on-board data handling is the backbone of every successful satellite mission. New scientific experiments can only be validated, and results obtained, if the recorded scientific data reaches the ground completely and correctly. For this, several special techniques were applied during the implementation of the SONATE-2 mission. Generic communication protocols were defined between all payloads, subsystems, and the On-board data handling (OBDH) of SONATE-2 to reduce the overall complexity of the data management system. With the help of these protocols, the development effort could be reduced, and the data transfers simplified. In addition, this allowed the communication interfaces to be simulated and quickly tested during development with a desktop computer using an OBDH-Simulator.}, address = {Palma de Mallorca, Spain}, author = {Maurer, Andreas and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, keywords = {obdh}, title = {Novel On-Board Data Processing Strategies on Nanosatellite SONATE-2}, year = 2024 }
• Towards an Altered Body Image Through the Exposure to a Modulated Self in Virtual Reality. Wolf, Erik; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 857–858. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Self-exposure using modulated embodied avatars in virtual reality (VR) may support a positive body image. However, further investigation is needed to address methodological challenges and to understand the concrete effects, including their quantification. We present an iteratively refined paradigm for studying the tangible effects of exposure to a modulated self in VR. Participants perform body-centered movements in front of a virtual mirror, encountering their photorealistically personalized embodied avatar with increased, decreased, or unchanged body size. Additionally, we propose different body size estimation tasks conducted in reality and VR before and after exposure to assess participants' putative-elicited perceptual adaptations.

  @inproceedings{wolf2024towards, abstract = {Self-exposure using modulated embodied avatars in virtual reality (VR) may support a positive body image. However, further investigation is needed to address methodological challenges and to understand the concrete effects, including their quantification. We present an iteratively refined paradigm for studying the tangible effects of exposure to a modulated self in VR. Participants perform body-centered movements in front of a virtual mirror, encountering their photorealistically personalized embodied avatar with increased, decreased, or unchanged body size. Additionally, we propose different body size estimation tasks conducted in reality and VR before and after exposure to assess participants' putative-elicited perceptual adaptations.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {vitras}, pages = {857-858}, title = {Towards an Altered Body Image Through the Exposure to a Modulated Self in Virtual Reality}, year = 2024 }
• Eliminating Crossings in Ordered Graphs. Agrawal, Akanksha; Cabello, Sergio; Kaufmann, Michael; Saurabh, Saket; Sharma, Roohani; Uno, Yushi; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 19th Scand. Symp. Algorithm Theory (SWAT’24), Bd. 294 von LIPIcs, H. Bodlaender (Hrsg.), S. 1:1–19. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Institut für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ackssuw-ecog-SWAT24, author = {Agrawal, Akanksha and Cabello, Sergio and Kaufmann, Michael and Saurabh, Saket and Sharma, Roohani and Uno, Yushi and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 19th Scand. Symp. Algorithm Theory (SWAT'24)}, editor = {Bodlaender, Hans}, keywords = {hitting_set}, pages = {1:1–19}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Institut für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Eliminating Crossings in Ordered Graphs}, volume = 294, year = 2024 }
• GrINd: Grid Interpolation Network for Scattered Observations. Dulny, Andrzej; Heinisch, Paul; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @preprint{dulny2024grindPre, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Heinisch, Paul and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2024, title = {GrINd: Grid Interpolation Network for Scattered Observations}, volume = {abs/2403.19570}, year = 2024 }
• Morphing Graph Drawings in the Presence of Point Obstacles. Firman, Oksana; Hegemann, Tim; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Sieper, Marie Diana; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 50th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’24), Bd. 14519 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, H. Fernau, S. Gaspers, R. Klasing (Hrsg.), S. 240–254. Springer-Verlag, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{fhkkswz-mgdppo-SOFSEM24, author = {Firman, Oksana and Hegemann, Tim and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Sieper, Marie Diana and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 50th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'24)}, editor = {Fernau, Henning and Gaspers, Serge and Klasing, Ralf}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {240–254}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Morphing Graph Drawings in the Presence of Point Obstacles}, volume = 14519, year = 2024 }
• An Empirical Investigation of Container Building Strategies and Warm Times to Reduce Cold Starts in Scientific Computing Serverless Functions. Bauer, André; Gonthier, Maxime; Chard, Ryan; Pan, Haochen; Grzenda, Daniel; Straesser, Martin; Pauloski, J. Gregory; Kamatar, Alok; Baughman, Matthew E.; Hudson, Nathaniel; Foster, Ian; Chard, Kyle. In 2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{bauer2024coldstarts, author = {Bauer, André and Gonthier, Maxime and Chard, Ryan and Pan, Haochen and Grzenda, Daniel and Straesser, Martin and Pauloski, J. Gregory and Kamatar, Alok and Baughman, Matthew E. and Hudson, Nathaniel and Foster, Ian and Chard, Kyle}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science)}, keywords = {Scientific_Computing}, title = {An Empirical Investigation of Container Building Strategies and Warm Times to Reduce Cold Starts in Scientific Computing Serverless Functions}, year = 2024 }
• A Regulatory Agent Model using Case-Based and Language-Based Reasoning in Sequential Games. Korger, Andreas; Baumeister, Joachim. In LWDA’24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{KB:24, author = {Korger, Andreas and Baumeister, Joachim}, booktitle = {LWDA'24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen}, keywords = {myown}, title = {A Regulatory Agent Model using Case-Based and Language-Based Reasoning in Sequential Games}, year = 2024 }
• Autoscaling Rethought: A Continuous, Decentralized Approach. Straesser, Martin. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @presentation{straesser2024rethought, author = {Straesser, Martin}, keywords = {microservices}, title = {Autoscaling Rethought: A Continuous, Decentralized Approach}, year = 2024 }
• Recommender-based User Guidance Framework. Babu, Sooraj K; Chetitah, Mounsif; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR), S. 275–280. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  User guidance is crucial for a seamless user experience in a software system. This paper explores the need for effective user guidance mechanisms to enhance user experience and reduce human errors and frustration. In order to do that, we formalise and symbolically represent user guidance for versatile applications across diverse contexts by considering the knowledge base on users and software systems. We comprehensively analyse four distinct categories of user guidance mechanisms, namely, familiarisation, continuation, navigation, and customisation, with examples and expected data needed for each category. In addition, we investigate whether a recommender system (RS) can function as an appropriate tool to intelligently guide a user through a virtual reality (VR) authoring platform and describe the implementation of the corresponding RS-based guidance mechanism that aligns with the proposed formalisation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the present state of affairs and prospects for future research.

  @inproceedings{Babu:2024aa, abstract = {User guidance is crucial for a seamless user experience in a software system. This paper explores the need for effective user guidance mechanisms to enhance user experience and reduce human errors and frustration. In order to do that, we formalise and symbolically represent user guidance for versatile applications across diverse contexts by considering the knowledge base on users and software systems. We comprehensively analyse four distinct categories of user guidance mechanisms, namely, familiarisation, continuation, navigation, and customisation, with examples and expected data needed for each category. In addition, we investigate whether a recommender system (RS) can function as an appropriate tool to intelligently guide a user through a virtual reality (VR) authoring platform and describe the implementation of the corresponding RS-based guidance mechanism that aligns with the proposed formalisation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the present state of affairs and prospects for future research.}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K and Chetitah, Mounsif and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and eXtended and Virtual Reality (AIxVR)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, pages = {275-280}, title = {Recommender-based User Guidance Framework}, year = 2024 }
• Novel System Simulation Framework for HBM2 FPGA Platforms. Hernandez, Hector Gerardo Muñoz; Iskandar, Veronia; Steiner, Lukas; Holzinger, Philipp; Jung, Matthias; Goehringer, Diana; Huebner, Michael; Wehn, Norbert; Reichenbach, Marc. Springer, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{hernandez2024novel, author = {Hernandez, Hector Gerardo Muñoz and Iskandar, Veronia and Steiner, Lukas and Holzinger, Philipp and Jung, Matthias and Goehringer, Diana and Huebner, Michael and Wehn, Norbert and Reichenbach, Marc}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Novel System Simulation Framework for HBM2 FPGA Platforms}, year = 2024 }
• The New Costs of Physical Memory Fragmentation. Halbuer, Alexander; Ostapyshyn, Illia; Steiner, Lukas; Wrenger, Lars; Jung, Matthias; Dietrich, Christian; Lohmann, Daniel. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory Systems, von DIMES ’24, S. 33–40. Association for Computing Machinery, Austin, TX, USA, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  External fragmentation is becoming a serious problem again after paging temporarily solved it with its one-size-fits-all 4 KiB approach. The increasing adoption of mixed base, huge, and giant page sizes, DRAM energy-saving techniques, and memory disaggregation, necessitates a memory management system capable of handling larger entities in the range of multiple megabytes up to several gigabytes.A case study in Linux reveals that the operating system reasonably minimizes fragmentation up to huge page size, but falls short when it comes to larger granularities. Therefore, it requires much effort to entirely free a memory block for powering down or returning it to the memory provider; in some cases, this may be entirely impossible due to immovable kernel memory.Additionally, our analysis highlights that the page cache is responsible for a large share of memory usage, as it keeps all cached pages until memory pressure rises. This behavior originates from the outdated assumption that utilizing memory comes at no cost and, therefore, requires further investigation.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3698783.3699378, abstract = {External fragmentation is becoming a serious problem again after paging temporarily solved it with its one-size-fits-all 4 KiB approach. The increasing adoption of mixed base, huge, and giant page sizes, DRAM energy-saving techniques, and memory disaggregation, necessitates a memory management system capable of handling larger entities in the range of multiple megabytes up to several gigabytes.A case study in Linux reveals that the operating system reasonably minimizes fragmentation up to huge page size, but falls short when it comes to larger granularities. Therefore, it requires much effort to entirely free a memory block for powering down or returning it to the memory provider; in some cases, this may be entirely impossible due to immovable kernel memory.Additionally, our analysis highlights that the page cache is responsible for a large share of memory usage, as it keeps all cached pages until memory pressure rises. This behavior originates from the outdated assumption that utilizing memory comes at no cost and, therefore, requires further investigation.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Halbuer, Alexander and Ostapyshyn, Illia and Steiner, Lukas and Wrenger, Lars and Jung, Matthias and Dietrich, Christian and Lohmann, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Disruptive Memory Systems}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {33–40}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {DIMES '24}, title = {The New Costs of Physical Memory Fragmentation}, year = 2024 }
• Handling Interfaces for the Procedural Generation of Complete Buildings. Kutzias, Damian; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of ICSE GAS Workshop 2024, Bd. 8th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering von Emerging Advanced Technologies for Game Engineering. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Kutzias:2024ab, author = {Kutzias, Damian and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ICSE GAS Workshop 2024}, keywords = {myown}, series = {Emerging Advanced Technologies for Game Engineering}, title = {Handling Interfaces for the Procedural Generation of Complete Buildings}, volume = {8th International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering}, year = 2024 }
• Modelling and Optimizing a Graph-based Settlement Delineation and Analysis Workflow. Gruber, Lorenz; Herbst, Nikolas; Kounev, Samuel; Esch, Thomas; Nguyen, Thanh. In Softwaretechnik-Trends Band 44, Heft 4. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @incollection{incollection, author = {Gruber, Lorenz and Herbst, Nikolas and Kounev, Samuel and Esch, Thomas and Nguyen, Thanh}, booktitle = {Softwaretechnik-Trends Band 44, Heft 4}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Modelling and Optimizing a Graph-based Settlement Delineation and Analysis Workflow}, year = 2024 }
• Effect of Data Degradation on Motion Re-Identification. Nair, Vivek; Miller, Mark Roman; Wang, Rui; Huang, Brandon; Rack, Christian; Latoschik, Marc Erich; O’Brien, James. In 2024 IEEE 25th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{nair2024effect, author = {Nair, Vivek and Miller, Mark Roman and Wang, Rui and Huang, Brandon and Rack, Christian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and O'Brien, James}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 25th International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)}, keywords = {schell}, title = {Effect of Data Degradation on Motion Re-Identification}, year = 2024 }
• A Framework for Categorizing Product Configuration Systems (Position Paper). Baumeister, Joachim; Herud, Konstantin; Ley, Lukas; Reutelshoefer, Jochen. In LWDA’24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{BHLR:24, author = {Baumeister, Joachim and Herud, Konstantin and Ley, Lukas and Reutelshoefer, Jochen}, booktitle = {LWDA'24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen}, keywords = {wiki}, title = {A Framework for Categorizing Product Configuration Systems (Position Paper)}, year = 2024 }
• Comprehensive Exploration of Synthetic Data Generation: A Survey. Bauer, André; and Trapp, Simon; and Stenger, Michael; and Leppich, Robert; and Kounev, Samuel; and Leznik, Mark; and Chard, Kyle; and Foster, Ian. In arXiv preprint, S. 103. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{bauer2024comprehensive, author = {Bauer, André and and Trapp, Simon and and Stenger, Michael and and Leppich, Robert and and Kounev, Samuel and and Leznik, Mark and and Chard, Kyle and and Foster, Ian}, journal = {arXiv preprint}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.02524}, pages = 103, title = {Comprehensive Exploration of Synthetic Data Generation: A Survey}, year = 2024 }
• Unveiling Temporal Performance Deviation: Leveraging Clustering in Microservices Performance Analysis. Bauer, André; Dittus, Timo; Straesser, Martin; Kamatar, Alok; Baughman, Matt; Beierlieb, Lukas; Hadry, Marius; Grillmeyer, Daniel; Lubas, Yannik; Kounev, Samuel; Foster, Ian; Chard, Kyle. In Companion of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’24 Companion, S. 72–76. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  As the market for cloud computing continues to grow, an increasing number of users are deploying applications as microservices. The shift introduces unique challenges in identifying and addressing performance issues, particularly within large and complex infrastructures. To address this challenge, we propose a methodology that unveils temporal performance deviations in microservices by clustering containers based on their performance characteristics at different time intervals. Showcasing our methodology on the Alibaba dataset, we found both stable and dynamic performance patterns, providing a valuable tool for enhancing overall performance and reliability in modern application landscapes.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3629527.3651843, abstract = {As the market for cloud computing continues to grow, an increasing number of users are deploying applications as microservices. The shift introduces unique challenges in identifying and addressing performance issues, particularly within large and complex infrastructures. To address this challenge, we propose a methodology that unveils temporal performance deviations in microservices by clustering containers based on their performance characteristics at different time intervals. Showcasing our methodology on the Alibaba dataset, we found both stable and dynamic performance patterns, providing a valuable tool for enhancing overall performance and reliability in modern application landscapes.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Bauer, André and Dittus, Timo and Straesser, Martin and Kamatar, Alok and Baughman, Matt and Beierlieb, Lukas and Hadry, Marius and Grillmeyer, Daniel and Lubas, Yannik and Kounev, Samuel and Foster, Ian and Chard, Kyle}, booktitle = {Companion of the 15th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {72–76}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '24 Companion}, title = {Unveiling Temporal Performance Deviation: Leveraging Clustering in Microservices Performance Analysis}, year = 2024 }
• MACRO: A Multi-Head Attentional Convolutional Recurrent Network for the Classification of Co-Occurring Diseases in 12-Lead ECGs. Borst, Vanessa; Leppich, Robert; Kounev, Samuel. In 2024 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{borst2024MACRO, author = {Borst, Vanessa and Leppich, Robert and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, note = {Acceptance Rate: 24.4%}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {{MACRO}: A Multi-Head Attentional Convolutional Recurrent Network for the Classification of Co-Occurring Diseases in 12-Lead {ECGs}}, year = 2024 }
• Investigating the Mere Exposure Effect in Relation to Perceived Eeriness and Humaneness of a Social Robot. Fiolka, Anastasia Klara; Donnermann, Melissa; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{10.1145/3610978.3640665, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Fiolka, Anastasia Klara and Donnermann, Melissa and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2024)}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Investigating the Mere Exposure Effect in Relation to Perceived Eeriness and Humaneness of a Social Robot}, year = 2024 }
• Reiteratively Designing a Robotic Concierge with Different Stakeholders – a Multi-Methods Field Study. Lein, Martina; Donnermann, Melissa; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit. In 20th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO 2024). IEEE, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{lein2024reiteratively, author = {Lein, Martina and Donnermann, Melissa and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {20th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts (ARSO 2024)}, keywords = {lein}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Reiteratively Designing a Robotic Concierge with Different Stakeholders – a Multi-Methods Field Study}, year = 2024 }
• Early Results and In-Flight Experience of the 6U-Mission Sonate-2. Schwarz, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S). Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  SONATE-2 is a 6U+ CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg. It was launched on SpaceX' Transporter-10 mission into a 527x505 km Sun synchronous orbit on March 4, 2024.

  @inproceedings{schwarzEARLYRESULTSINFLIGHT2024, abstract = {SONATE-2 is a 6U+ CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg. It was launched on SpaceX' Transporter-10 mission into a 527x505 km Sun synchronous orbit on March 4, 2024.}, address = {Palma de Mallorca, Spain}, author = {Schwarz, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, keywords = {cubesat}, title = {Early Results and In-Flight Experience of the 6U-Mission Sonate-2}, year = 2024 }
• A possible German CubeSat Contribution to RAMSES. Kayal, Hakan; Männel, Jonathan; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens. In DLR Science@Apophis Workshop. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{hakan2024possible, author = {Kayal, Hakan and Männel, Jonathan and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens}, booktitle = {DLR Science@Apophis Workshop}, keywords = {myown}, title = {A possible German CubeSat Contribution to RAMSES}, year = 2024 }
• Knowledge Retrieval with LLMs using Context-Specific Intent and Slot Classification. Schubert, Julian; Krug, Markus; Baumeister, Joachim. In LWDA’24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{SKB:24, author = {Schubert, Julian and Krug, Markus and Baumeister, Joachim}, booktitle = {LWDA'24: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen}, keywords = {from:joba}, title = {Knowledge Retrieval with LLMs using Context-Specific Intent and Slot Classification}, year = 2024 }
• Analysis of Energy Intensity and Generic Energy Efficiency Metrics in Communication Networks: Limits, Practical Applications, and Case Studies. Hossfeld, Tobias; Wunderer, Stefan; Loh, Frank; Schien, Daniel. In IEEE Access, 12, S. 105527–105549. 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Energy intensity is the ratio between energy consumed and data volume over a certain time frame. It is frequently used as a metric to indicate the energy efficiency of communication networks and data centres for the provision of digital services, and as a coefficient to apportion the total energy consumption of a network to a specific service. As energy efficiency becomes more important, energy intensity metrics are increasingly used to estimate the energy costs and benefits of changes in data volumes across networks and data centres. Typically, energy intensity integrates annual accounts of energy consumption and data transmitted. At shorter time scales, this metric is affected by the lack of correlation between transmitted data and energy consumption, which leads in some cases to inappropriate conclusions. In this work, we first review the use of energy efficiency metrics in the literature. Then, we define generic measures for energy efficiency as well as energy intensity. The relationships of those measures are analysed, and we show under which conditions they lead to the same or different results. Practical applications of the measures and their insights are demonstrated when benchmarking systems and when considering the value of the system’s output. Furthermore, the limits and pitfalls of the metrics are analysed, especially considering the energy intensity metric for communication networks.

  @article{10614603, abstract = {Energy intensity is the ratio between energy consumed and data volume over a certain time frame. It is frequently used as a metric to indicate the energy efficiency of communication networks and data centres for the provision of digital services, and as a coefficient to apportion the total energy consumption of a network to a specific service. As energy efficiency becomes more important, energy intensity metrics are increasingly used to estimate the energy costs and benefits of changes in data volumes across networks and data centres. Typically, energy intensity integrates annual accounts of energy consumption and data transmitted. At shorter time scales, this metric is affected by the lack of correlation between transmitted data and energy consumption, which leads in some cases to inappropriate conclusions. In this work, we first review the use of energy efficiency metrics in the literature. Then, we define generic measures for energy efficiency as well as energy intensity. The relationships of those measures are analysed, and we show under which conditions they lead to the same or different results. Practical applications of the measures and their insights are demonstrated when benchmarking systems and when considering the value of the system’s output. Furthermore, the limits and pitfalls of the metrics are analysed, especially considering the energy intensity metric for communication networks.}, author = {Hossfeld, Tobias and Wunderer, Stefan and Loh, Frank and Schien, Daniel}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {greenfield}, pages = {105527-105549}, title = {Analysis of Energy Intensity and Generic Energy Efficiency Metrics in Communication Networks: Limits, Practical Applications, and Case Studies}, volume = 12, year = 2024 }
• Approximating Sparsest Cut in Low-Treewidth Graphs via Combinatorial Diameter. Chalermsook, Parinya; Kaul, Matthias; Mnich, Matthias; Spoerhase, Joachim; Uniyal, Sumedha; Vaz, Daniel. In ACM Transactions on Algorithms. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{chalermsook-etal24:sparsest-cut-tree-width, author = {Chalermsook, Parinya and Kaul, Matthias and Mnich, Matthias and Spoerhase, Joachim and Uniyal, Sumedha and Vaz, Daniel}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Algorithms}, keywords = {key}, note = {to appear}, title = {Approximating Sparsest Cut in Low-Treewidth Graphs via Combinatorial Diameter}, year = 2024 }
• Constrained and Ordered Level Planarity Parameterized by the Number of Levels. Blavz}ej, Vacláv; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Sieper, Marie Diana; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 40th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG’24), von LIPIcs, W. Mulzer, J. M. Phillips (Hrsg.). Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{bkkswz-colpp-SoCG24, author = {Bla\v{z}ej, Vacl{\'a}v and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Sieper, Marie Diana and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 40th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG'24)}, editor = {Mulzer, Wolfgang and Phillips, Jeff M.}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Constrained and Ordered Level Planarity Parameterized by the Number of Levels}, year = 2024 }
• Exploring Agent-User Personality Similarity and Dissimilarity for Virtual Reality Psychotherapy. Döllinger, Nina; Topel, Jessica; Botsch, Mario; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Jean-Luc. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Imaginary self-encounters are a common approach in psychotherapy. Recent virtual reality advancements enable innovative approaches to enhanced self-encounters using photorealistic personalized Doppelgangers (DG). Yet, next to appearance, similarity in body language could be a great driver of self-identification with a DG or a generic agent. One cost-efficient and time-saving approach could be personality-enhanced animations. We present a pilot study evaluating the effects of personality-enhanced body language in DGs and generic agents. Eleven participants evaluated a Photorealistic DG and a Generic Agent, animated in a seated position to simulate four personality types: Low and High Extraversion and Low and High Emotional Stability. Participants rated the agents' personalities and their self-identification with them. We found an overall positive relationship between a calculated personality similarity score, self-attribution, and perceived behavior-similarity. Perceived appearance-similarity was affected by personality similarity only in generic agents, indicating the potential of body language to provoke a feeling of similarity even in dissimilar-appearing agents.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2024exploring, abstract = {Imaginary self-encounters are a common approach in psychotherapy. Recent virtual reality advancements enable innovative approaches to enhanced self-encounters using photorealistic personalized Doppelgangers (DG). Yet, next to appearance, similarity in body language could be a great driver of self-identification with a DG or a generic agent. One cost-efficient and time-saving approach could be personality-enhanced animations. We present a pilot study evaluating the effects of personality-enhanced body language in DGs and generic agents. Eleven participants evaluated a Photorealistic DG and a Generic Agent, animated in a seated position to simulate four personality types: Low and High Extraversion and Low and High Emotional Stability. Participants rated the agents' personalities and their self-identification with them. We found an overall positive relationship between a calculated personality similarity score, self-attribution, and perceived behavior-similarity. Perceived appearance-similarity was affected by personality similarity only in generic agents, indicating the potential of body language to provoke a feeling of similarity even in dissimilar-appearing agents.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Topel, Jessica and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Jean-Luc}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, title = {Exploring Agent-User Personality Similarity and Dissimilarity for Virtual Reality Psychotherapy}, year = 2024 }
• From Link Prediction to Forecasting: Information Loss in Batch-based Temporal Graph Learning. Lampert, Moritz; Blöcker, Christopher; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2406.04897. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2406-04897, author = {Lampert, Moritz and Blöcker, Christopher and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {From Link Prediction to Forecasting: Information Loss in Batch-based Temporal Graph Learning.}, volume = {abs/2406.04897}, year = 2024 }
• Hierarchical Graph Pooling Based on Minimum Description Length. von Pichowski, Jan; Blöcker, Christopher; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2409.10263. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2409-10263, author = {von Pichowski, Jan and Blöcker, Christopher and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Hierarchical Graph Pooling Based on Minimum Description Length.}, volume = {abs/2409.10263}, year = 2024 }
• Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kleinsatelliten zur Erforschung von erdnahen Asteroiden am Beispiel von (99942) Apophis. Männel, J.; Ali, F.; Amza, A.; Herbst, T.; Kayal, H.; Neumann, T.; Riegler, C. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Hamburg, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Bei der Erforschung von Asteroiden kommen zunehmend auch Kleinsatelliten zum Einsatz. Sie werden sowohl als eigenständige Missionen aber auch zur Missionsunterstützung eingesetzt. In Vorbereitung auf den erdnahen Vorbeiflug des Asteroiden (99942) Apophis am 13.04.2029 wurden zahlreiche Missionskonzepte vorgeschlagen, welche den Einsatz von Kleinsatelliten vorsehen. Im Rahmen des laufenden Vorhabens NEAlight (FKZ 50OO2413) werden drei verschiedene Optionen für eine nationale Kleinsatellitenmission zur Erforschung von Apophis (99942) Apophis erarbeitet und deren Machbarkeit analysiert. Die Szenarien umfassen dabei einen CubeSat als Ergänzung zur europäischen RAMSES Mission, Kleinsatelliten zur Demonstration von Flyby Untersuchungen und eine eigenständige Rendevous Mission.

  @conference{https://doi.org/10.25967/630289, abstract = {Bei der Erforschung von Asteroiden kommen zunehmend auch Kleinsatelliten zum Einsatz. Sie werden sowohl als eigenständige Missionen aber auch zur Missionsunterstützung eingesetzt. In Vorbereitung auf den erdnahen Vorbeiflug des Asteroiden (99942) Apophis am 13.04.2029 wurden zahlreiche Missionskonzepte vorgeschlagen, welche den Einsatz von Kleinsatelliten vorsehen. Im Rahmen des laufenden Vorhabens NEAlight (FKZ 50OO2413) werden drei verschiedene Optionen für eine nationale Kleinsatellitenmission zur Erforschung von Apophis (99942) Apophis erarbeitet und deren Machbarkeit analysiert. Die Szenarien umfassen dabei einen CubeSat als Ergänzung zur europäischen RAMSES Mission, Kleinsatelliten zur Demonstration von Flyby Untersuchungen und eine eigenständige Rendevous Mission.}, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Männel, J. and Ali, F. and Amza, A. and Herbst, T. and Kayal, H. and Neumann, T. and Riegler, C.}, keywords = {dlrk}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Kleinsatelliten zur Erforschung von erdnahen Asteroiden am Beispiel von (99942) Apophis}, year = 2024 }
• Erste Flugergebnisse der Satellitenmission SONATE-2. Balagurin, O.; Greiner, T.; Herbst, T.; Kaiser, T.; Kayal, H.; Männel, J.; Maurer, A.; Neumann, T.; Riegler, C.; Schwarz, T. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Hamburg, 2024.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  SONATE-2 ist eine Technologiedemonstrationsmission im 6U -CubeSat-Format, deren Hauptziel es ist, neuartige Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz für den Einsatz auf Nanosatelliten im Orbit zu verifizieren. Nach etwa drei Jahren Entwicklungszeit wurde der SONATE-2-Satellit Anfang März 2024 durch eine Falcon-9-Rakete in den Low Earth Orbit befördert und wird seitdem vom eigenen Missionskontrollzentrum der Uni-versität Würzburg betrieben. Dieses Paper fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten fünf Monate des Satellitenbe-triebs zusammen.

  @conference{https://doi.org/10.25967/630218, abstract = {SONATE-2 ist eine Technologiedemonstrationsmission im 6U -CubeSat-Format, deren Hauptziel es ist, neuartige Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz für den Einsatz auf Nanosatelliten im Orbit zu verifizieren. Nach etwa drei Jahren Entwicklungszeit wurde der SONATE-2-Satellit Anfang März 2024 durch eine Falcon-9-Rakete in den Low Earth Orbit befördert und wird seitdem vom eigenen Missionskontrollzentrum der Uni-versität Würzburg betrieben. Dieses Paper fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten fünf Monate des Satellitenbe-triebs zusammen.}, address = {Hamburg}, author = {Balagurin, O. and Greiner, T. and Herbst, T. and Kaiser, T. and Kayal, H. and Männel, J. and Maurer, A. and Neumann, T. and Riegler, C. and Schwarz, T.}, keywords = {dlrk}, organization = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {Erste Flugergebnisse der Satellitenmission SONATE-2}, year = 2024 }
• A Realistic Industrial Car Factory Digital Twin Simulation for Virtual Reality Applications and Robotic Training. Spiess, Florian; Roy, Swarnabha; Hollmann, Mattias; Cosway, Christopher; Kalafatis, Stavros. In 2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), S. 1419–1426. 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{spiess2024realistic, author = {Spiess, Florian and Roy, Swarnabha and Hollmann, Mattias and Cosway, Christopher and Kalafatis, Stavros}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {1419-1426}, title = {A Realistic Industrial Car Factory Digital Twin Simulation for Virtual Reality Applications and Robotic Training}, year = 2024 }
• Anti-aliasing Techniques in Virtual Reality: A User Study with Perceptual Pairwise Comparison Ranking Scheme. Waldow, Kristoffer; Scholz, Jonas; Misiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Roth, Daniel; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In GI VR/AR Workshop, S. 10–18420. Gesellschaft für Informatik eV, 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{waldow2024anti, author = {Waldow, Kristoffer and Scholz, Jonas and Misiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Roth, Daniel and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {GI VR/AR Workshop}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, organization = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik eV}, pages = {10–18420}, title = {Anti-aliasing Techniques in Virtual Reality: A User Study with Perceptual Pairwise Comparison Ranking Scheme}, year = 2024 }
• Parameterized Approximation for Robust Clustering in Discrete Geometric Spaces. Abbasi, Fateme; Banerjee, Sandip; Byrka, Jaroslaw; Chalermsook, Parinya; Gadekar, Ameet; Khodamoradi, Kamyar; Marx, Dániel; Sharma, Roohani; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP’24). 2024.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{abbasi-etal24:robust-clustering-geometric-spaces, author = {Abbasi, Fateme and Banerjee, Sandip and Byrka, Jaroslaw and Chalermsook, Parinya and Gadekar, Ameet and Khodamoradi, Kamyar and Marx, Dániel and Sharma, Roohani and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP'24)}, keywords = {algorithm}, title = {Parameterized Approximation for Robust Clustering in Discrete Geometric Spaces}, year = 2024 }

• Research on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena at the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg. Kayal, Hakan; Greiner, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Oehme, Sebastian. Bd. Session: Scientific and Technical Advancements in UAP Understanding (Virtual). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
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  One of the main research topics at the professorship of Astronautics of the Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg (JMUW) is the investigation of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) since 2008. The observations of the phenomena for decades, previously known as Unidentified Flying Object (UFO), with their partly very unusual characteristics and the potential threat to air traffic are important reasons to investigate the background of these phenomena. Since a serious part of the reported characteristics obviously could not be clarified even after intensive investigations, UAP is also interesting for science and some of them could point to new phenomena, perhaps previously unknown. However, due to the stigma attached to the UFO phenomenon for more than 74 years, very few scientific investigations and publications have been carried out so far, thus preventing its elucidation. In this paper the activities at the JMUW in UAP research would be explained.

  @conference{kayal2023research, abstract = {One of the main research topics at the professorship of Astronautics of the Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg (JMUW) is the investigation of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) since 2008. The observations of the phenomena for decades, previously known as Unidentified Flying Object (UFO), with their partly very unusual characteristics and the potential threat to air traffic are important reasons to investigate the background of these phenomena. Since a serious part of the reported characteristics obviously could not be clarified even after intensive investigations, UAP is also interesting for science and some of them could point to new phenomena, perhaps previously unknown. However, due to the stigma attached to the UFO phenomenon for more than 74 years, very few scientific investigations and publications have been carried out so far, thus preventing its elucidation. In this paper the activities at the JMUW in UAP research would be explained.}, author = {Kayal, Hakan and Greiner, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Oehme, Sebastian}, keywords = {SkyCam}, title = {Research on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena at the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg}, volume = {Session: Scientific and Technical Advancements in UAP Understanding (Virtual)}, year = 2023 }
• Autorotation: An Innovative Alternative to Parachutes for Spacecraft Landing. Riegler, Clemens; Kayal, Hakan. In IAC 2023 Congress Proceedings. International Astronautical Federation, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{clemens2023autorotation, address = {Baku, Azerbaijan}, author = {Riegler, Clemens and Kayal, Hakan}, booktitle = {IAC 2023 Congress Proceedings}, keywords = {autorotation}, publisher = {International Astronautical Federation}, title = {Autorotation: An Innovative Alternative to Parachutes for Spacecraft Landing}, year = 2023 }
• Evaluation of a Social Robot at the Reception Desk for Exam Registration During Covid-19. Steinhaeusser, Sophia; Donnermann, Melissa; Lein, Martina; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2023). IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2023evaluation, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia and Donnermann, Melissa and Lein, Martina and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2023)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Evaluation of a Social Robot at the Reception Desk for Exam Registration During Covid-19}, year = 2023 }
• The Parametrized Complexity of the Segment Number. Cornelsen, Sabine; Da Lozzo, Giordano; Grilli, Luca; Gupta, Siddharth; Kratochvíl, Jan; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’23), Bd. 14466 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Bekos, M. Chimani (Hrsg.), S. 97–113. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{cdggkw-pcsn-GD23, author = {Cornelsen, Sabine and {Da Lozzo}, Giordano and Grilli, Luca and Gupta, Siddharth and Kratochvíl, Jan and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'23)}, editor = {Bekos, Michael and Chimani, Markus}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {97–113}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {The Parametrized Complexity of the Segment Number}, volume = 14466, year = 2023 }
• Telescope: An Automated Hybrid Forecasting Approach on a Level-Playing Field. Bauer, André; Leznik, Mark; Stenger, Michael; Leppich, Robert; Herbst, Nikolas; Kounev, Samuel; Foster, Ian. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{bauer2023telescope, author = {Bauer, André and Leznik, Mark and Stenger, Michael and Leppich, Robert and Herbst, Nikolas and Kounev, Samuel and Foster, Ian}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, title = {Telescope: An Automated Hybrid Forecasting Approach on a Level-Playing Field}, year = 2023 }
• DynaBench: A Benchmark Dataset for Learning Dynamical Systems from Low-Resolution Data. Dulny, Andrzej; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track, D. Koutra, C. Plant, M. Gomez Rodriguez, E. Baralis, F. Bonchi (Hrsg.), S. 438–455. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Previous work on learning physical systems from data has focused on high-resolution grid-structured measurements. However, real-world knowledge of such systems (e.g. weather data) relies on sparsely scattered measuring stations. In this paper, we introduce a novel simulated benchmark dataset, DynaBench, for learning dynamical systems directly from sparsely scattered data without prior knowledge of the equations. The dataset focuses on predicting the evolution of a dynamical system from low-resolution, unstructured measurements. We simulate six different partial differential equations covering a variety of physical systems commonly used in the literature and evaluate several machine learning models, including traditional graph neural networks and point cloud processing models, with the task of predicting the evolution of the system. The proposed benchmark dataset is expected to advance the state of art as an out-of-the-box easy-to-use tool for evaluating models in a setting where only unstructured low-resolution observations are available. The benchmark is available at https://professor-x.de/dynabench.

  @inproceedings{dulny2023dynabench, abstract = {Previous work on learning physical systems from data has focused on high-resolution grid-structured measurements. However, real-world knowledge of such systems (e.g. weather data) relies on sparsely scattered measuring stations. In this paper, we introduce a novel simulated benchmark dataset, DynaBench, for learning dynamical systems directly from sparsely scattered data without prior knowledge of the equations. The dataset focuses on predicting the evolution of a dynamical system from low-resolution, unstructured measurements. We simulate six different partial differential equations covering a variety of physical systems commonly used in the literature and evaluate several machine learning models, including traditional graph neural networks and point cloud processing models, with the task of predicting the evolution of the system. The proposed benchmark dataset is expected to advance the state of art as an out-of-the-box easy-to-use tool for evaluating models in a setting where only unstructured low-resolution observations are available. The benchmark is available at https://professor-x.de/dynabench.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, booktitle = {Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track}, editor = {Koutra, Danai and Plant, Claudia and Gomez Rodriguez, Manuel and Baralis, Elena and Bonchi, Francesco}, keywords = {from:martinr}, pages = {438–455}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {DynaBench: A Benchmark Dataset for Learning Dynamical Systems from Low-Resolution Data}, year = 2023 }
• Culture in Social Robots for Education. Bruno, Barbara; Amirova, Aida; Sandygulova, Anara; Lugrin, Birgit; Johal, Wafa. In Cultural Robotics: Social Robots and Their Emergent Cultural Ecologies, S. 127–145. Springer, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @incollection{bruno2023culture, author = {Bruno, Barbara and Amirova, Aida and Sandygulova, Anara and Lugrin, Birgit and Johal, Wafa}, booktitle = {Cultural Robotics: Social Robots and Their Emergent Cultural Ecologies}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {127–145}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Culture in Social Robots for Education}, year = 2023 }
• The Complexity of Drawing Graphs on Few Lines and Few Planes. Chaplick, Steven; Fleszar, Krzysztof; Lipp, Fabian; Ravsky, Alexander; Verbitsky, Oleg; Wolff, Alexander. In Journal of Graph Algorithms & Applications, 27(6), S. 459–488. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  It is well known that any graph admits a crossing-free straight-line drawing in~\($\reals^3$\) and that any planar graph admits the same even in~\($\reals^2$\). For a graph~\($G$\) and \($d \in \{2,3\}$\), let \($\rho^1_d(G)$\) denote the smallest number of lines in~\($\reals^d$\) whose union contains a crossing-free straight-line drawing of~\($G$\). For \($d=2$\), the graph~\($G$\) must be planar. Similarly, let \($\rho^2_3(G)$\) denote the smallest number of \emph{planes in~\($\reals^3$\) whose union contains a crossing-free straight-line drawing of~\($G$\). We investigate the complexity of computing these three parameters and obtain the following hardness and algorithmic results. par For \($d\in\{2,3\}$\), we prove that deciding whether \($\rho^1_d(G)\le k$\) for a given graph~\($G$\) and integer~\($k$\) is \($\erclass$\)-complete. par Since \($\cNP\subseteq\erclass$\), deciding \($\rho^1_d(G)\le k$\) is cNP-hard for \($d\in\{2,3\}$\). On the positive side, we show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to~\($k$\). par Since \($\erclass\subseteq\cPSPACE$\), both \($\rho^1_2(G)$\) and \($\rho^1_3(G)$\) are computable in polynomial space. On the negative side, we show that % drawings that are optimal with respect to \($\rho^1_2$\) or \($\rho^1_3$\) sometimes require irrational coordinates. par We prove that deciding whether \($\rho^2_3(G)\le k$\) is cNP-hard for any fixed \($k \ge 2$\). Hence, the problem is not fixed-parameter tractable with respect to~\($k$\) unless \($\cP=\cNP$\).

  @article{cflrvw-cdgfl-JGAA23, abstract = {It is well known that any graph admits a crossing-free straight-line drawing in $\reals^3$ and that any planar graph admits the same even in $\reals^2$. For a graph $G$ and $d \in \{2,3\}$, let $\rho^1_d(G)$ denote the smallest number of lines in $\reals^d$ whose union contains a crossing-free straight-line drawing of $G$. For $d=2$, the graph $G$ must be planar. Similarly, let $\rho^2_3(G)$ denote the smallest number of \emph{planes} in $\reals^3$ whose union contains a crossing-free straight-line drawing of $G$. We investigate the complexity of computing these three parameters and obtain the following hardness and algorithmic results. \par For $d\in\{2,3\}$, we prove that deciding whether $\rho^1_d(G)\le k$ for a given graph $G$ and integer $k$ is $\erclass$-complete. \par Since $\cNP\subseteq\erclass$, deciding $\rho^1_d(G)\le k$ is \cNP-hard for $d\in\{2,3\}$. On the positive side, we show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to $k$. \par Since $\erclass\subseteq\cPSPACE$, both $\rho^1_2(G)$ and $\rho^1_3(G)$ are computable in polynomial space. On the negative side, we show that % drawings that are optimal with respect to $\rho^1_2$ or $\rho^1_3$ sometimes require irrational coordinates. \par We prove that deciding whether $\rho^2_3(G)\le k$ is \cNP-hard for any fixed $k \ge 2$. Hence, the problem is not fixed-parameter tractable with respect to $k$ unless $\cP=\cNP$.}, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Fleszar, Krzysztof and Lipp, Fabian and Ravsky, Alexander and Verbitsky, Oleg and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Journal of Graph Algorithms \& Applications}, keywords = {visual_complexity}, number = 6, pages = {459–488}, title = {The Complexity of Drawing Graphs on Few Lines and Few Planes}, volume = 27, year = 2023 }
• Generating Social Contexts with Virtual Agents to Foster Interruptibility Research for Socially Interactive Agents. Ganal, Elisabeth; Lugrin, Birgit. In ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA ’23). ACM, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ganal2023generating, author = {Ganal, Elisabeth and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA ’23)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {ACM}, title = {Generating Social Contexts with Virtual Agents to Foster Interruptibility Research for Socially Interactive Agents}, year = 2023 }
• Gamification Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Neuropsychology Experiments. Chetitah, Mounsif; Müller, Julian; Deserno, Lorenz; Walttman, Maria; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, S. 1–4. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{Chetitah:2023aa, author = {Chetitah, Mounsif and M{\"u}ller, Julian and Deserno, Lorenz and Walttman, Maria and {von Mammen}, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1–4}, title = {Gamification Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Neuropsychology Experiments}, year = 2023 }
• Digitale silbenbasierte Leseintervention in Klasse 2: Worterkennungsleistung moderiert den Einfluss auf Lese- und Rechtschreibfähigkeiten. Heß, Janina; Karageorgos, Panagiotis; Müller, Bettina; Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit; Richter, Tobias. In Vortrag bei der 19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie, von PAEPS. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{hess2023paeps, author = {Heß, Janina and Karageorgos, Panagiotis and Müller, Bettina and Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit and Richter, Tobias}, booktitle = {Vortrag bei der 19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie}, keywords = {mi}, series = {PAEPS}, title = {Digitale silbenbasierte Leseintervention in Klasse 2: Worterkennungsleistung moderiert den Einfluss auf Lese- und Rechtschreibfähigkeiten}, year = 2023 }
• Effects of Number of Voices and Voice Type on Storytelling Experience and Robot Perception. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit. In Sound and Robotics, R. Savery (Hrsg.), S. 9–32. CRC Press, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @incollection{steinhaeusser2023voices, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Sound and Robotics}, editor = {Savery, Richard}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {9–32}, publisher = {CRC Press}, title = {Effects of Number of Voices and Voice Type on Storytelling Experience and Robot Perception}, year = 2023 }
• Modeling social resilience: Questions, answers, open problems. Schweitzer, Frank; Andres, Georges; Casiraghi, Giona; Gote, Christoph; Roller, Ramona; Scholtes, Ingo; Vaccario, Giacomo; Zingg, Christian. In CoRR, abs/2301.00183. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2301-00183, author = {Schweitzer, Frank and Andres, Georges and Casiraghi, Giona and Gote, Christoph and Roller, Ramona and Scholtes, Ingo and Vaccario, Giacomo and Zingg, Christian}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Modeling social resilience: Questions, answers, open problems.}, volume = {abs/2301.00183}, year = 2023 }
• Embodiment and Personalization for Self-Identification with Virtual Humans. Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 799–800. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Our work investigates the impact of virtual human embodiment and personalization on the sense of embodiment (SoE) and self-identification (SI). We introduce preliminary items to query self-similarity (SS) and self-attribution (SA) with virtual humans as dimensions of SI. In our study, 64 participants successively observed personalized and generic-looking virtual humans, either as embodied avatars in a virtual mirror or as agents while performing tasks. They reported significantly higher SoE and SI when facing personalized virtual humans and significantly higher SoE and SA when facing embodied avatars, indicating that both factors have strong separate and complimentary influence on SoE and SI.

  @inproceedings{fiedler2023selfidentification, abstract = {Our work investigates the impact of virtual human embodiment and personalization on the sense of embodiment (SoE) and self-identification (SI). We introduce preliminary items to query self-similarity (SS) and self-attribution (SA) with virtual humans as dimensions of SI. In our study, 64 participants successively observed personalized and generic-looking virtual humans, either as embodied avatars in a virtual mirror or as agents while performing tasks. They reported significantly higher SoE and SI when facing personalized virtual humans and significantly higher SoE and SA when facing embodied avatars, indicating that both factors have strong separate and complimentary influence on SoE and SI.}, author = {Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, pages = {799-800}, title = {Embodiment and Personalization for Self-Identification with Virtual Humans}, year = 2023 }
• A Virtualized Augmented Reality Simulation for Exploring Perceptual Incongruencies. Westermeier, Franziska; Brübach, Larissa; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’23. Association for Computing Machinery, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  When blending virtual and physical content, certain incongruencies emerge from hardware limitations, inaccurate tracking, or different appearances of virtual and physical content. They restrain us from perceiving virtual and physical content as one experience. Hence, it is crucial to investigate these issues to determine how they influence our experience. We present a virtualized augmented reality simulation that can systematically examine single incongruencies or different configurations.

  @inproceedings{westermeier2023virtualized, abstract = {When blending virtual and physical content, certain incongruencies emerge from hardware limitations, inaccurate tracking, or different appearances of virtual and physical content. They restrain us from perceiving virtual and physical content as one experience. Hence, it is crucial to investigate these issues to determine how they influence our experience. We present a virtualized augmented reality simulation that can systematically examine single incongruencies or different configurations.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Westermeier, Franziska and Brübach, Larissa and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {xrhub}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '23}, title = {A Virtualized Augmented Reality Simulation for Exploring Perceptual Incongruencies}, year = 2023 }
• From Clocks to Pendulums: A Study on the Influence of External Moving Objects on Time Perception in Virtual Environments. Landeck, Maximilian; Unruh, Fabian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In The 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST), 29th, S. 11. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This paper investigates the relationship between perceived object motion and the experience of time in virtual environments. We developed an application to measure how the motion properties of virtual objects and the degree of immersion and embodiment may affect the time experience. A first study (n = 145) was conducted remotely using an online video survey, while a second study (n = 60) was conducted under laboratory conditions in virtual reality (VR). Participants in both studies experienced seven different virtual objects in a randomized order and then answered questions about time experience. The VR study added an "embodiment" condition in which participants were either represented by a virtual full body or lacked any form of virtual body representation. In both studies, time was judged to pass faster when viewing oscillating motion in immersive and non-immersive settings and independently of the presence or absence of a virtual body. This trend was strongest when virtual pendulums were displayed. Both studies also found a significant inverse correlation between the passage of time and boredom. Our results support the development of applications that manipulate the perception of time in virtual environments for therapeutic use, for instance, for disorders such as depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Disturbances in the perception of time are known to be associated with these disorders.

  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {This paper investigates the relationship between perceived object motion and the experience of time in virtual environments. We developed an application to measure how the motion properties of virtual objects and the degree of immersion and embodiment may affect the time experience. A first study (n = 145) was conducted remotely using an online video survey, while a second study (n = 60) was conducted under laboratory conditions in virtual reality (VR). Participants in both studies experienced seven different virtual objects in a randomized order and then answered questions about time experience. The VR study added an "embodiment" condition in which participants were either represented by a virtual full body or lacked any form of virtual body representation. In both studies, time was judged to pass faster when viewing oscillating motion in immersive and non-immersive settings and independently of the presence or absence of a virtual body. This trend was strongest when virtual pendulums were displayed. Both studies also found a significant inverse correlation between the passage of time and boredom. Our results support the development of applications that manipulate the perception of time in virtual environments for therapeutic use, for instance, for disorders such as depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Disturbances in the perception of time are known to be associated with these disorders.}, author = {Landeck, Maximilian and Unruh, Fabian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {The 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST)}, keywords = {landeck}, pages = 11, title = {From Clocks to Pendulums: A Study on the Influence of External Moving Objects on Time Perception in Virtual Environments}, volume = {29th}, year = 2023 }
• Who Is Alyx? A new Behavioral Biometric Dataset for User Identification in XR. Rack, Christian; Fernando, Tamara; Yalcin, Murat; Hotho, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 4, D. Swapp (Hrsg.). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This article presents a new dataset containing motion and physiological data of users playing the game 'Half-Life: Alyx'. The dataset specifically targets behavioral and biometric identification of XR users. It includes motion and eye-tracking data captured by a HTC Vive Pro of 71 users playing the game on two separate days for 45 minutes. Additionally, we collected physiological data from 31 of these users. We provide benchmark performances for the task of motion-based identification of XR users with two prominent state-of-the-art deep learning architectures (GRU and CNN). After training on the first session of each user, the best model can identify the 71 users in the second session with a mean accuracy of 95% within 2 minutes. The dataset is freely available under https://github.com/cschell/who-is-alyx

  @article{rack2023behavioral, abstract = {This article presents a new dataset containing motion and physiological data of users playing the game 'Half-Life: Alyx'. The dataset specifically targets behavioral and biometric identification of XR users. It includes motion and eye-tracking data captured by a HTC Vive Pro of 71 users playing the game on two separate days for 45 minutes. Additionally, we collected physiological data from 31 of these users. We provide benchmark performances for the task of motion-based identification of XR users with two prominent state-of-the-art deep learning architectures (GRU and CNN). After training on the first session of each user, the best model can identify the 71 users in the second session with a mean accuracy of 95% within 2 minutes. The dataset is freely available under https://github.com/cschell/who-is-alyx}, author = {Rack, Christian and Fernando, Tamara and Yalcin, Murat and Hotho, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, editor = {Swapp, David}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {schell}, title = {Who Is Alyx? A new Behavioral Biometric Dataset for User Identification in XR}, volume = 4, year = 2023 }
• Superfrog: Comparing Learning Outcomes and Potentials of a Worksheet, Smartphone, and Tangible AR Learning Environment. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Elsässer, Anne; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  The widespread availability of smartphones facilitates the integration of digital, augmented reality (AR), and tangible augmented reality (TAR) learning environments into the classroom. A haptic aspect can enhance the user’s overall experience during a learning process. To investigate further benefits of using TAR for educational purposes, we compare a TAR and a smartphone learning environment with a traditional worksheet counterpart in terms of learning effectiveness, emotions, motivation, and cognitive load. 64 sixth-grade students from a German high school used one of the three conditions to learn about frog anatomy. We found no significant differences in learning effectiveness and cognitive load. The TAR condition elicited significantly higher positive emotions than the worksheet, but not the smartphone condition. Both digital learning environments elicited significantly higher motivation, in contrast to the worksheet. Thus, our results suggest that smartphone and TAR learning environments are equally beneficial for enhancing learning.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2023comparing, abstract = {The widespread availability of smartphones facilitates the integration of digital, augmented reality (AR), and tangible augmented reality (TAR) learning environments into the classroom. A haptic aspect can enhance the user’s overall experience during a learning process. To investigate further benefits of using TAR for educational purposes, we compare a TAR and a smartphone learning environment with a traditional worksheet counterpart in terms of learning effectiveness, emotions, motivation, and cognitive load. 64 sixth-grade students from a German high school used one of the three conditions to learn about frog anatomy. We found no significant differences in learning effectiveness and cognitive load. The TAR condition elicited significantly higher positive emotions than the worksheet, but not the smartphone condition. Both digital learning environments elicited significantly higher motivation, in contrast to the worksheet. Thus, our results suggest that smartphone and TAR learning environments are equally beneficial for enhancing learning.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Elsässer, Anne and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Superfrog: Comparing Learning Outcomes and Potentials of a Worksheet, Smartphone, and Tangible AR Learning Environment}, year = 2023 }
• Usability of a Mhealth Solution Using Speech Recognition for Point-of-care Diagnostic Management. Kerwagen, Fabian; Fuchs, Konrad F.; Ullrich, Melanie; Schulze, Andreas; Straka, Samantha; Krop, Philipp; Latoschik, Marc E.; Gilbert, Fabian; Kunz, Andreas; Fette, Georg; Störk, Stefan; Ertl, Maximilian. In Journal of Medical Systems, 47(18). 2023.
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  The administrative burden for physicians in the hospital can affect the quality of patient care. The Service Center Medical Informatics (SMI) of the University Hospital Würzburg developed and implemented the smartphone-based mobile application (MA) ukw.mobile1 that uses speech recognition for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. The aim of this study was to examine the usability of the MA workflow for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. All physicians at the Department of Trauma and Plastic Surgery at the University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, were asked to participate in a survey including the short version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). For the analysis of the different domains of user experience (overall attractiveness, pragmatic quality and hedonic quality), we used a two-sided dependent sample t-test. For the determinants of the acceptance model, we employed regression analysis. Twenty-one of 30 physicians (mean age 34\,{\($\pm$\)}\,8 years, 62\% male) completed the questionnaire. Compared to the conventional desktop application (DA) workflow, the new MA workflow showed superior overall attractiveness (mean difference 2.15\,{\($\pm$\)}\,1.33), pragmatic quality (mean difference 1.90\,{\($\pm$\)}\,1.16), and hedonic quality (mean difference 2.41\,{\($\pm$\)},1.62; all p\,{\($<$\)}\,.001). The user acceptance measured by the UTAUT (mean 4.49\,{\($\pm$\)}\,0.41; min. 1, max. 5) was also high. Performance expectancy (beta\,=\,0.57, p\,=\,.02) and effort expectancy (beta\,=\,0.36, p\,=\,.04) were identified as predictors of acceptance, the full predictive model explained 65.4% of the variance. Point-of-care mHealth solutions using innovative technology such as speech-recognition seem to address the users' needs and to offer higher usability in comparison to conventional technology. Implementation of user-centered mHealth innovations might therefore help to facilitate physicians' daily work.

  @article{kerwagen2023, abstract = {The administrative burden for physicians in the hospital can affect the quality of patient care. The Service Center Medical Informatics (SMI) of the University Hospital W\"urzburg developed and implemented the smartphone-based mobile application (MA) ukw.mobile1 that uses speech recognition for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. The aim of this study was to examine the usability of the MA workflow for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. All physicians at the Department of Trauma and Plastic Surgery at the University Hospital W\"urzburg, Germany, were asked to participate in a survey including the short version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). For the analysis of the different domains of user experience (overall attractiveness, pragmatic quality and hedonic quality), we used a two-sided dependent sample t-test. For the determinants of the acceptance model, we employed regression analysis. Twenty-one of 30 physicians (mean age 34\,{$\pm$}\,8 years, 62\% male) completed the questionnaire. Compared to the conventional desktop application (DA) workflow, the new MA workflow showed superior overall attractiveness (mean difference 2.15\,{$\pm$}\,1.33), pragmatic quality (mean difference 1.90\,{$\pm$}\,1.16), and hedonic quality (mean difference 2.41\,{$\pm$}\,1.62; all p\,{$<$}\,.001). The user acceptance measured by the UTAUT (mean 4.49\,{$\pm$}\,0.41; min. 1, max. 5) was also high. Performance expectancy (beta\,=\,0.57, p\,=\,.02) and effort expectancy (beta\,=\,0.36, p\,=\,.04) were identified as predictors of acceptance, the full predictive model explained 65.4\% of the variance. Point-of-care mHealth solutions using innovative technology such as speech-recognition seem to address the users' needs and to offer higher usability in comparison to conventional technology. Implementation of user-centered mHealth innovations might therefore help to facilitate physicians' daily work.}, author = {Kerwagen, Fabian and Fuchs, Konrad F. and Ullrich, Melanie and Schulze, Andreas and Straka, Samantha and Krop, Philipp and Latoschik, Marc E. and Gilbert, Fabian and Kunz, Andreas and Fette, Georg and St{\"o}rk, Stefan and Ertl, Maximilian}, journal = {Journal of Medical Systems}, keywords = {latoschik}, number = 18, title = {Usability of a {{Mhealth Solution}} Using {{Speech Recognition}} for {{Point-of-care Diagnostic Management}}}, volume = 47, year = 2023 }
• Work, Trade, Learn: Developing an Immersive Serious Game for History Education. Fernes, David; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  History education often struggles with a lack of interest from students. Serious games can help make learning about history more engaging. Students can directly experience situations of the past as well as interact and communicate with agents representing people of the respective era. This allows for situated learning. Besides using computer screens, the gameplay can also be experienced using immersive Virtual Reality (VR). VR adds an additional spatial level and can further increase the engagement as well as vividness. To investigate the benefits of using VR for serious games targeting the learning of history, we developed a serious game for desktop-3D and VR. Our serious game puts a player into the role of a medieval miller’s apprentice. Following a situated learning approach, the learner operates a mill and interacts with several other characters. These agents discuss relevant facts of the medieval life, thus enabling the construction of knowledge about the life in medieval towns. An evaluation showed that the game in general was successful in increasing the user’s knowledge about the covered topics as well as their topic interest in history. Whether the immersive VR or the simple desktop version of the application was used did not have any influence on these results. Additional feedback was gathered to improve the game further in the future.

  @inproceedings{fernes2023trade, abstract = {History education often struggles with a lack of interest from students. Serious games can help make learning about history more engaging. Students can directly experience situations of the past as well as interact and communicate with agents representing people of the respective era. This allows for situated learning. Besides using computer screens, the gameplay can also be experienced using immersive Virtual Reality (VR). VR adds an additional spatial level and can further increase the engagement as well as vividness. To investigate the benefits of using VR for serious games targeting the learning of history, we developed a serious game for desktop-3D and VR. Our serious game puts a player into the role of a medieval miller’s apprentice. Following a situated learning approach, the learner operates a mill and interacts with several other characters. These agents discuss relevant facts of the medieval life, thus enabling the construction of knowledge about the life in medieval towns. An evaluation showed that the game in general was successful in increasing the user’s knowledge about the covered topics as well as their topic interest in history. Whether the immersive VR or the simple desktop version of the application was used did not have any influence on these results. Additional feedback was gathered to improve the game further in the future.}, author = {Fernes, David and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 9th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Work, Trade, Learn: Developing an Immersive Serious Game for History Education}, year = 2023 }
• Virtual reality in medical emergencies training: benefits, perceived stress, and learning success. Mühling, Tobias; Späth, Isabelle; Backhaus, Joy; Milke, Nathalie; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Meining, Alexander; Latoschik, Marc Erich; König, Sarah. In Multimedia System, 29(4), S. 2239–2252. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Medical graduates lack procedural skills experience required to manage emergencies. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology enable the creation of highly immersive learning environments representing easy-to-use and affordable solutions for training with simulation. However, the feasibility in compulsory teaching, possible side effects of immersion, perceived stress, and didactic benefits have to be investigated systematically. VR-based training sessions using head-mounted displays alongside a real-time dynamic physiology system were held by student assistants for small groups followed by debriefing with a tutor. In the pilot study, 36 students rated simulation sickness. In the main study, 97 students completed a virtual scenario as active participants (AP) and 130 students as observers (OBS) from the first-person perspective on a monitor. Participants completed questionnaires for evaluation purposes and exploratory factor analysis was performed on the items. The extent of simulation sickness remained low to acceptable among participants of the pilot study. In the main study, students valued the realistic environment and guided practical exercise. AP perceived the degree of immersion as well as the estimated learning success to be greater than OBS and proved to be more motivated post training. With respect to AP, the factor “sense of control” revealed a typical inverse U-shaped relationship to the scales “didactic value” and “individual learning benefit”. Summing up, curricular implementation of highly immersive VR-based training of emergencies proved feasible and found a high degree of acceptance among medical students. This study also provides insights into how different conceptions of perceived stress distinctively moderate subjective learning success.

  @article{muhling2023virtual, abstract = {Medical graduates lack procedural skills experience required to manage emergencies. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology enable the creation of highly immersive learning environments representing easy-to-use and affordable solutions for training with simulation. However, the feasibility in compulsory teaching, possible side effects of immersion, perceived stress, and didactic benefits have to be investigated systematically. VR-based training sessions using head-mounted displays alongside a real-time dynamic physiology system were held by student assistants for small groups followed by debriefing with a tutor. In the pilot study, 36 students rated simulation sickness. In the main study, 97 students completed a virtual scenario as active participants (AP) and 130 students as observers (OBS) from the first-person perspective on a monitor. Participants completed questionnaires for evaluation purposes and exploratory factor analysis was performed on the items. The extent of simulation sickness remained low to acceptable among participants of the pilot study. In the main study, students valued the realistic environment and guided practical exercise. AP perceived the degree of immersion as well as the estimated learning success to be greater than OBS and proved to be more motivated post training. With respect to AP, the factor “sense of control” revealed a typical inverse U-shaped relationship to the scales “didactic value” and “individual learning benefit”. Summing up, curricular implementation of highly immersive VR-based training of emergencies proved feasible and found a high degree of acceptance among medical students. This study also provides insights into how different conceptions of perceived stress distinctively moderate subjective learning success.}, author = {Mühling, Tobias and Späth, Isabelle and Backhaus, Joy and Milke, Nathalie and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Meining, Alexander and Latoschik, Marc Erich and König, Sarah}, journal = {Multimedia System}, keywords = {myown}, number = 4, pages = {2239–2252}, title = {Virtual reality in medical emergencies training: benefits, perceived stress, and learning success}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• SONATE-2 – A Technology Demonstration Mission of Artificial Intelligence for Image Processing and Anomaly Detection. Greiner, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Schwarz, Tobias. In 16th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop. Würzburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{greiner2023sonate2, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Greiner, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {16th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop}, keywords = {ai}, title = {SONATE-2 – A Technology Demonstration Mission of Artificial Intelligence for Image Processing and Anomaly Detection}, year = 2023 }
• Towards Virtual Audience Simulation For Speech Therapy. Glémarec, Yann; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Hörmann, Amelie; Bosser, Anne-Gwenn; Buche, Cédric; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lauer, Norina. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{noauthororeditor2023towards, author = {Glémarec, Yann and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Hörmann, Amelie and Bosser, Anne-Gwenn and Buche, Cédric and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lauer, Norina}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA)}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, title = {Towards Virtual Audience Simulation For Speech Therapy}, year = 2023 }
• An Update on the Virtual Mission Control Room. Sittner, Felix; Hartmann, Oliver; Montenegro, Sergio; Friese, Jan-Philipp; Brübach, Larissa; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In . Utah State University, Logan, UT, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  In 2021 we presented the Virtual Mission Control Room (VMCR) on the verge from fun educational project to testing ground for remote cooperative mission control. Since then, we successfully participated in ESA's 2022 campaign "New ideas to make XR a reality", which granted us additional funding to improve the VMCR software and conduct usability testing in cooperation with the chair of human-computer-interaction. In this paper and the corresponding poster session we give an update on the current state of the project, the new features and project structure. We explain the changes suggested by early test users and ESA to make operators feel more at home in the virtual environment. Subsequently, our project partners present their first suggestions for improvements to the VMCR as well as their plans for user testing. We conclude with lessons learned and and a look ahead into our plans for the future of the project.

  @proceedings{sittner2023update, abstract = {In 2021 we presented the Virtual Mission Control Room (VMCR) on the verge from fun educational project to testing ground for remote cooperative mission control. Since then, we successfully participated in ESA's 2022 campaign "New ideas to make XR a reality", which granted us additional funding to improve the VMCR software and conduct usability testing in cooperation with the chair of human-computer-interaction. In this paper and the corresponding poster session we give an update on the current state of the project, the new features and project structure. We explain the changes suggested by early test users and ESA to make operators feel more at home in the virtual environment. Subsequently, our project partners present their first suggestions for improvements to the VMCR as well as their plans for user testing. We conclude with lessons learned and and a look ahead into our plans for the future of the project.}, address = {Utah State University, Logan, UT}, author = {Sittner, Felix and Hartmann, Oliver and Montenegro, Sergio and Friese, Jan-Philipp and Brübach, Larissa and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 Small Satellite Conference}, howpublished = {Technical Poster Session 5}, keywords = {xrhub}, title = {An Update on the Virtual Mission Control Room}, year = 2023 }
• Planar L-Drawings of Directed Graphs. Chaplick, Steven; Chimani, Markus; Cornelsen, Sabine; Da Lozzo, Giordano; Nöllenburg, Martin; Patrignani, Maurizio; Tollis, Ioannis G.; Wolff, Alexander. In Computing in Geometry and Topology, 2(1), S. 7:1–7:15. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  In this paper, we study drawings of directed graphs. We use the L-drawing standard where each edge is represented by a polygonal chain that consists of a vertical line segment incident to the source of the edge and a horizontal line segment incident to the target. par First, we consider planar L-drawings. We provide necessary conditions for the existence of these drawings and show that testing for the existence of a planar L-drawing is an NP-complete problem. We also show how to decide in linear time whether there exists a planar L-drawing of a plane directed graph with a fixed assignment of the edges to the four sides (top, bottom, left, and right) of the vertices. par Second, we consider upward- (resp.\ upward-rightward-) planar L-drawings. We provide upper bounds on the maximum number of edges of graphs admitting such drawings. Moreover, we characterize the directed st-graphs admitting an upward- (resp.\ upward-rightward-) planar L-drawing as exactly those admitting an embedding supporting a bitonic (resp.\ monotonically decreasing) st-ordering.

  @article{cccdnptw-plddg-JGAA23, abstract = {In this paper, we study drawings of directed graphs. We use the L-drawing standard where each edge is represented by a polygonal chain that consists of a vertical line segment incident to the source of the edge and a horizontal line segment incident to the target. \par First, we consider planar L-drawings. We provide necessary conditions for the existence of these drawings and show that testing for the existence of a planar L-drawing is an NP-complete problem. We also show how to decide in linear time whether there exists a planar L-drawing of a plane directed graph with a fixed assignment of the edges to the four sides (top, bottom, left, and right) of the vertices. \par Second, we consider upward- (resp.\ upward-rightward-) planar L-drawings. We provide upper bounds on the maximum number of edges of graphs admitting such drawings. Moreover, we characterize the directed st-graphs admitting an upward- (resp.\ upward-rightward-) planar L-drawing as exactly those admitting an embedding supporting a bitonic (resp.\ monotonically decreasing) st-ordering.}, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Chimani, Markus and Cornelsen, Sabine and {Da Lozzo}, Giordano and Nöllenburg, Martin and Patrignani, Maurizio and Tollis, Ioannis G. and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computing in Geometry and Topology}, keywords = {bitonic_st-ordering}, number = 1, pages = {7:1–7:15}, title = {Planar {L}-Drawings of Directed Graphs}, volume = 2, year = 2023 }
• BLOCSIE - Benchmark for LOCalization in a Simulated Industrial Environment. Spiess, Florian; Bluemm, Daniel; Strobel, Norbert; Kaupp, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In 2023 21st International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR), S. 577–584. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{10406777, author = {Spiess, Florian and Bluemm, Daniel and Strobel, Norbert and Kaupp, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2023 21st International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {577-584}, title = {BLOCSIE - Benchmark for LOCalization in a Simulated Industrial Environment}, year = 2023 }
• Who Would You Rather Ask for Help? A Comparison Between Two Chatbot Personalities in Information Management. Ganal, Elisabeth; Wiederer, Fiona; Bachmann, Isabell; Lugrin, Birgit. In Human-Computer Interaction, von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Kurosu, A. Hashizume (Hrsg.), S. 334–353. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.
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  @inproceedings{ganal_who_2023, address = {Cham}, author = {Ganal, Elisabeth and Wiederer, Fiona and Bachmann, Isabell and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Human-Computer Interaction}, editor = {Kurosu, Masaaki and Hashizume, Ayako}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {334–353}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}}, title = {Who Would You Rather Ask for Help? A Comparison Between Two Chatbot Personalities in Information Management}, year = 2023 }
• Effects of Social Ingroup Cues on Empathy Towards an Intelligent Virtual Agent With a Mixed-Cultural Background. Obremski, David; Friedrich, Paula; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the Conference for Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction 2023. Cambridge (Massachusetts), United States of America, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{obremski2023EmpathyACIISubmitted, author = {Obremski, David and Friedrich, Paula and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference for Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction 2023}, keywords = {mi}, note = {in press}, title = {Effects of Social Ingroup Cues on Empathy Towards an Intelligent Virtual Agent With a Mixed-Cultural Background}, year = 2023 }
• MobiLe: Konzeption einer digitalen, silbenbasierten Leseförderung für die Grundschule. Heß, Janina; Riedmann, Anna; Karageorgos, Panagiotis; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit; Richter, Tobias; Müller, Bettina. In Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht., 71(1), S. 41–51. 2023.
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  @article{hessinpressmobile, author = {Heß, Janina and Riedmann, Anna and Karageorgos, Panagiotis and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit and Richter, Tobias and Müller, Bettina}, journal = {Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht.}, keywords = {mi}, number = 1, pages = {41-51}, title = {MobiLe: Konzeption einer digitalen, silbenbasierten Leseförderung für die Grundschule.}, volume = 71, year = 2023 }
• Iteratively designing a robotic concierge with different stakeholders - A multi-methods field study. Donnermann, Melissa; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lein, Martina; Lugrin, Birgit. In AIRSI 2023 - The Metaverse Conference. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{etienne2023emovox, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lein, Martina and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {AIRSI 2023 - The Metaverse Conference}, keywords = {lein}, title = {Iteratively designing a robotic concierge with different stakeholders - A multi-methods field study}, year = 2023 }
• Using a Social Robot as a Hotel Assessment Tool. Lein, Martina; Donnermann, Melissa; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2023). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{lein2023, author = {Lein, Martina and Donnermann, Melissa and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2023)}, keywords = {lein}, title = {Using a Social Robot as a Hotel Assessment Tool}, year = 2023 }
• Integrating Julia Code into the Unity Game Engine to Dive into Aquatic Plant Growth. Lewerentz, Anne; Manke, Nico; Schantz, David; Cabral, Juliano Sarmento; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IMET, N. Pelechano, F. Liarokapis, A. Asadipour, D. Rohmer, M. Fairén, J. Moyés (Hrsg.), S. 97–100. Eurographics, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{conf/imet/LewerentzMSCM23, author = {Lewerentz, Anne and Manke, Nico and Schantz, David and Cabral, Juliano Sarmento and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {IMET}, crossref = {conf/imet/2023}, editor = {Pelechano, Nuria and Liarokapis, Fotis and Asadipour, Ali and Rohmer, Damien and Fairén, Marta and Moyés, Jordi}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {97-100}, publisher = {Eurographics}, title = {Integrating Julia Code into the Unity Game Engine to Dive into Aquatic Plant Growth.}, year = 2023 }
• How Do Employees Imagine AI They Want to Work with: A Drawing Study. Straka, Samantha; Koch, Martin Jakobus; Carolus, Astrid; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, von CHI EA ’23. Association for Computing Machinery, Hamburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Perceptions about AI influence the attribution of characteristics and the interaction with AI. To find out how workers imagine an AI they would like to work with and what characteristics they attribute to it, we asked 174 working individuals to draw an AI they would like to work with, to report five adjectives they associate with their drawing and to evaluate the drawn and three other, typical AI representations (e.g. robot, smartphone) either presented as male or female. Participants mainly drew humanoid or robotic AIs. The adjectives that describe AI mainly referred to the inner characteristics, capabilities, shape, or relationship types. Regarding the evaluation, we identified four dimensions (warmth, competence, animacy, size) that can be reproduced for male and female AIs and different AI representations. This work addresses diverse conceptions of AI in the workplace and shows that human-centered AI development is necessary to address the huge design space.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3544549.3585631, abstract = {Perceptions about AI influence the attribution of characteristics and the interaction with AI. To find out how workers imagine an AI they would like to work with and what characteristics they attribute to it, we asked 174 working individuals to draw an AI they would like to work with, to report five adjectives they associate with their drawing and to evaluate the drawn and three other, typical AI representations (e.g. robot, smartphone) either presented as male or female. Participants mainly drew humanoid or robotic AIs. The adjectives that describe AI mainly referred to the inner characteristics, capabilities, shape, or relationship types. Regarding the evaluation, we identified four dimensions (warmth, competence, animacy, size) that can be reproduced for male and female AIs and different AI representations. This work addresses diverse conceptions of AI in the workplace and shows that human-centered AI development is necessary to address the huge design space.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Straka, Samantha and Koch, Martin Jakobus and Carolus, Astrid and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {intelligence}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '23}, title = {How Do Employees Imagine AI They Want to Work with: A Drawing Study}, year = 2023 }
• Investigating Crowdsourced Help Facilities for Enhancing User Guidance. Babu, Sooraj K.; Brandner, Tobias; Truman, Samuel; Mammen, Sebastian von. In International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET), N. Pelechano, F. Liarokapis, D. Rohmer, A. Asadipour (Hrsg.). The Eurographics Association, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  We present two help facilities aimed at addressing the challenges faced by users new to a software. Software documentation should ideally familiarise with the overall functionality, navigate through the concrete workflows, and opportunities for customisation. Large degrees of freedom in the use and vast basic scopes, however, often make it infeasible to convey this information upfront. Rather, it needs to be broken into helpful bits and pieces which are delivered at appropriate times. In order to address this challenge, we have designed two concrete help facilities, i.e. tooltips and tips-of-the-day, to feature crowdsourced information. In this paper, we present the results of a formative study to implement early proofs-of-concept for the open-source game authoring platform Godot. To support further research, we have made the code base publicly available on GitHub.

  @inproceedings{Babu:2023aa, abstract = {We present two help facilities aimed at addressing the challenges faced by users new to a software. Software documentation should ideally familiarise with the overall functionality, navigate through the concrete workflows, and opportunities for customisation. Large degrees of freedom in the use and vast basic scopes, however, often make it infeasible to convey this information upfront. Rather, it needs to be broken into helpful bits and pieces which are delivered at appropriate times. In order to address this challenge, we have designed two concrete help facilities, i.e. tooltips and tips-of-the-day, to feature crowdsourced information. In this paper, we present the results of a formative study to implement early proofs-of-concept for the open-source game authoring platform Godot. To support further research, we have made the code base publicly available on GitHub.}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K. and Brandner, Tobias and Truman, Samuel and Mammen, Sebastian von}, booktitle = {International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET)}, editor = {Pelechano, Nuria and Liarokapis, Fotis and Rohmer, Damien and Asadipour, Ali}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {Investigating Crowdsourced Help Facilities for Enhancing User Guidance}, year = 2023 }
• Algorithmen erleben in VR. Göbel, Erik; Korwisi, Kristof; Bartl, Andrea; Hennecke, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. S. 415–416. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2023.
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  @inproceedings{inproceedings, address = {Bonn}, author = {Göbel, Erik and Korwisi, Kristof and Bartl, Andrea and Hennecke, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, howpublished = {INFOS 2023 - Informatikunterricht zwischen Aktualität und Zeitlosigkeit}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {415–416}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Algorithmen erleben in VR}, year = 2023 }
• Measuring Interpersonal Trust towards Virtual Humans with a Virtual Maze Paradigm. Lin, Jinghuai; Cronjé, Johrine; Käthner, Ivo; Pauli, Paul; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 29(5), S. 2401–2411. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Virtual humans, including virtual agents and avatars, play an increasingly important role as VR technology advances. For example, virtual humans are used as proxies of users in social VR or as interfaces for AI assistants in online financing. Interpersonal trust is an essential prerequisite in real-life interactions, as well as in the virtual world. However, to date, there are no established interpersonal trust measurement tools specifically for virtual humans in virtual reality. Previously, a virtual maze task was proposed to measure trust towards virtual characters. For the current study, a variant of the paradigm was implemented. The task of the users (the trustors) is to navigate through a maze in virtual reality, where they can interact with a virtual human (the trustee). They can choose to 1) ask for advice and 2) follow advice from the virtual human if they want to. These measures served as behavioural measures of trust. We conducted a validation study with 70 participants in a between-subject design. The two conditions did not differ in the content of the advice but in the appearance, tone of voice and engagement of the trustees (alleged as avatars controlled by other participants). Results indicate that the experimental manipulation was successful, as participants rated the virtual human as more trustworthy in the trustworthy condition than in the untrustworthy condition. Importantly, this manipulation affected the trust behaviour of our participants, who, in the trustworthy condition, asked for advice more often and followed advice more often, indicating that the paradigm is sensitive to assessing interpersonal trust towards virtual humans. Thus, our paradigm can be used to measure differences in interpersonal trust towards virtual humans and may serve as a valuable research tool to investigate trust in virtual reality.

  @article{lin2023measuring, abstract = {Virtual humans, including virtual agents and avatars, play an increasingly important role as VR technology advances. For example, virtual humans are used as proxies of users in social VR or as interfaces for AI assistants in online financing. Interpersonal trust is an essential prerequisite in real-life interactions, as well as in the virtual world. However, to date, there are no established interpersonal trust measurement tools specifically for virtual humans in virtual reality. Previously, a virtual maze task was proposed to measure trust towards virtual characters. For the current study, a variant of the paradigm was implemented. The task of the users (the trustors) is to navigate through a maze in virtual reality, where they can interact with a virtual human (the trustee). They can choose to 1) ask for advice and 2) follow advice from the virtual human if they want to. These measures served as behavioural measures of trust. We conducted a validation study with 70 participants in a between-subject design. The two conditions did not differ in the content of the advice but in the appearance, tone of voice and engagement of the trustees (alleged as avatars controlled by other participants). Results indicate that the experimental manipulation was successful, as participants rated the virtual human as more trustworthy in the trustworthy condition than in the untrustworthy condition. Importantly, this manipulation affected the trust behaviour of our participants, who, in the trustworthy condition, asked for advice more often and followed advice more often, indicating that the paradigm is sensitive to assessing interpersonal trust towards virtual humans. Thus, our paradigm can be used to measure differences in interpersonal trust towards virtual humans and may serve as a valuable research tool to investigate trust in virtual reality.}, author = {Lin, Jinghuai and Cronjé, Johrine and Käthner, Ivo and Pauli, Paul and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)}, keywords = {emlab}, note = {IEEE VR Best Paper Honorable Mention 🏆}, number = 5, pages = {2401–2411}, title = {Measuring Interpersonal Trust towards Virtual Humans with a Virtual Maze Paradigm}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• Coloring and Recognizing Mixed Interval Graphs. Gutowski, Grzegorz; Junosza-Szaniawski, Konstanty; Klesen, Felix; Rzążewski, Paweł; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 34th Annu. Int. Symp. Algorithms Comput. (ISAAC’23), Bd. 283 von LIPIcs, S. Iwata, N. Kakimura (Hrsg.), S. 36:1–36:14. Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{gjkrwz-crdig-ISAAC23, author = {Gutowski, Grzegorz and Junosza-Szaniawski, Konstanty and Klesen, Felix and Rz\ążewski, Pawe\ł and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 34th Annu. Int. Symp. Algorithms Comput. (ISAAC'23)}, editor = {Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {36:1–36:14}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Coloring and Recognizing Mixed Interval Graphs}, volume = 283, year = 2023 }
• What can you do with a CubeSat in Deep Space? A Systematic Survey on Opportunities and Key Technologies for Extraterrestrial Small Satellites. Männel, Jonathan; Borschinsky, Erik; Kayal, Hakan; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens. In 16th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop. Würzburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{mnnel2023cubesat, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Männel, Jonathan and Borschinsky, Erik and Kayal, Hakan and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens}, booktitle = {16th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop}, keywords = {myown}, title = {What can you do with a CubeSat in Deep Space? A Systematic Survey on Opportunities and Key Technologies for Extraterrestrial Small Satellites}, year = 2023 }
• Towards a Cryptography Encyclopedia: A Survey on Attribute-Based Encryption. Prantl, Thomas; Zeck, Timo; Horn, Lukas; Iffländer, Lukas; Bauer, André; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Journal of Surveillance, Security and Safety. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{PrZeHoIfBaDmKrKo_ABESurvey, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Zeck, Timo and Horn, Lukas and Iffl\"ander, Lukas and Bauer, Andr\'e and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Journal of Surveillance, Security and Safety}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, title = {Towards a Cryptography Encyclopedia: A Survey on Attribute-Based Encryption}, year = 2023 }
• Visual Indicators Representing Avatars’ Authenticity in Social Virtual Reality and Their Impacts on Perceived Trustworthiness. Lin, Jinghuai; Cronjé, Johrine; Wienrich, Carolin; Pauli, Paul; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 29(11), S. 4589–4599. 2023.
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  • [ DOI ]
  @article{lin2023visual, author = {Lin, Jinghuai and Cronjé, Johrine and Wienrich, Carolin and Pauli, Paul and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, number = 11, pages = {4589-4599}, title = {Visual Indicators Representing Avatars' Authenticity in Social Virtual Reality and Their Impacts on Perceived Trustworthiness}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• The Impact of Reflection Approximations on Visual Quality in Virtual Reality. Mišiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023 (SAP ’23), August, S. 1–11. ACM, 2023.
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  @inproceedings{misiak2023reflectionApprox, author = {Mišiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023 (SAP '23), August}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1–11}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {The Impact of Reflection Approximations on Visual Quality in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• Are Embodied Avatars Harmful to our Self-Experience? The Impact of Virtual Embodiment on Body Awareness. Döllinger, Nina; Wolf, Erik; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, S. 1–14. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Virtual Reality (VR) allows us to replace our visible body with a virtual self-representation (avatar) and to explore its effects on our body perception. While the feeling of owning and controlling a virtual body is widely researched, how VR affects the awareness of internal body signals (body awareness) remains open. Forty participants performed moving meditation tasks in reality and VR, either facing their mirror image or not. Both the virtual environment and avatars photorealistically matched their real counterparts. We found a negative effect of VR on body awareness, mediated by feeling embodied in and changed by the avatar. Further, we revealed a negative effect of a mirror on body awareness. Our results indicate that assessing body awareness should be essential in evaluating VR designs and avatar embodiment aiming at mental health, as even a scenario as close to reality as possible can distract users from their internal body signals.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2023embodied, abstract = {Virtual Reality (VR) allows us to replace our visible body with a virtual self-representation (avatar) and to explore its effects on our body perception. While the feeling of owning and controlling a virtual body is widely researched, how VR affects the awareness of internal body signals (body awareness) remains open. Forty participants performed moving meditation tasks in reality and VR, either facing their mirror image or not. Both the virtual environment and avatars photorealistically matched their real counterparts. We found a negative effect of VR on body awareness, mediated by feeling embodied in and changed by the avatar. Further, we revealed a negative effect of a mirror on body awareness. Our results indicate that assessing body awareness should be essential in evaluating VR designs and avatar embodiment aiming at mental health, as even a scenario as close to reality as possible can distract users from their internal body signals.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {vitras}, note = {Honorable Mention 🏆}, pages = {1-14}, title = {Are Embodied Avatars Harmful to our Self-Experience? The Impact of Virtual Embodiment on Body Awareness}, year = 2023 }
• Performance Impact Analysis of Homomorphic Encryption: A Case Study Using Linear Regression as an Example. Prantl, Thomas; Engel, Simon; Horn, Lukas; Kaiser, Dennis; Iffländer, Lukas; Bauer, André; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Information Security Practice and Experience, W. Meng, Z. Yan, V. Piuri (Hrsg.), S. 284–298. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  In recent years, the trend has increasingly been to store and process data in the cloud. However, this is based on the premise that cloud providers treat the data in a trustworthy manner. One way of using the data in the cloud without the provider having access to it is homomorphic encryption. However, since this encryption has only recently become practicable, analysis of its for practical applications is still in its infancy. Therefore, we investigate the performance of homomorphic encryption using a real-world application, namely linear regression. Our main finding is that although the homomorphic computation of linear regression is in the range of minutes and thus slower than in the non-homomorphic case, linear regression can be computed homomorphic and is therefore suitable for use cases where data security is the top priority.

  @inproceedings{PrEnHoDeIfBaKrKo_ISPEC_De_Bello, abstract = {In recent years, the trend has increasingly been to store and process data in the cloud. However, this is based on the premise that cloud providers treat the data in a trustworthy manner. One way of using the data in the cloud without the provider having access to it is homomorphic encryption. However, since this encryption has only recently become practicable, analysis of its for practical applications is still in its infancy. Therefore, we investigate the performance of homomorphic encryption using a real-world application, namely linear regression. Our main finding is that although the homomorphic computation of linear regression is in the range of minutes and thus slower than in the non-homomorphic case, linear regression can be computed homomorphic and is therefore suitable for use cases where data security is the top priority.}, address = {Singapore}, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Engel, Simon and Horn, Lukas and Kaiser, Dennis and Iffl\"ander, Lukas and Bauer, Andr\'e and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Information Security Practice and Experience}, editor = {Meng, Weizhi and Yan, Zheng and Piuri, Vincenzo}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {284–298}, publisher = {Springer Nature Singapore}, title = {Performance Impact Analysis of Homomorphic Encryption: A Case Study Using Linear Regression as an Example}, year = 2023 }
• The Map Equation Goes Neural. Blöcker, Christopher; Tan, Chester; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2310.01144. 2023.
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  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2310-01144, author = {Blöcker, Christopher and Tan, Chester and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {The Map Equation Goes Neural.}, volume = {abs/2310.01144}, year = 2023 }
• Coloring and Recognizing Mixed Interval Graphs. Gutowski, Grzegorz; Junosza-Szaniawski, Konstanty; Klesen, Felix; Rzążewski, Paweł; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 34th Annu. Int. Symp. Algorithms Comput. (ISAAC’23), Bd. 283 von LIPIcs, S. Iwata, N. Kakimura (Hrsg.), S. 36:1–14. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{gjkrwz-crdig-ISAAC23, author = {Gutowski, Grzegorz and Junosza-Szaniawski, Konstanty and Klesen, Felix and Rzążewski, Paweł and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 34th Annu. Int. Symp. Algorithms Comput. (ISAAC'23)}, editor = {Iwata, Satoru and Kakimura, Naonori}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {36:1–14}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Coloring and Recognizing Mixed Interval Graphs}, volume = 283, year = 2023 }
• Visualizing Multispecies Coalescent Trees: Drawing Gene Trees Inside Species Trees. Klawitter, Jonathan; Klesen, Felix; Niederer, Moritz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’23), Bd. 13878 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, L. Gąsieniec (Hrsg.), S. 96–110. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{kknw-vmct-SOFSEM23, author = {Klawitter, Jonathan and Klesen, Felix and Niederer, Moritz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'23)}, editor = {Gąsieniec, Leszek}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {96–110}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Visualizing Multispecies Coalescent Trees: Drawing Gene Trees Inside Species Trees}, volume = 13878, year = 2023 }
• Coloring Mixed and Directional Interval Graphs. Gutowski, Grzegorz; Mittelstädt, Florian; Rutter, Ignaz; Spoerhase, Joachim; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’22), Bd. 13764 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Angelini, R. von Hanxleden (Hrsg.), S. 418–431. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{gmrswz-cmdig-GD22, author = {Gutowski, Grzegorz and Mittelstädt, Florian and Rutter, Ignaz and Spoerhase, Joachim and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'22)}, editor = {Angelini, Patrizio and von Hanxleden, Reinhard}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {418–431}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Coloring Mixed and Directional Interval Graphs}, volume = 13764, year = 2023 }
• Long-Term Effects of Perceived Friendship with Intelligent Voice Assistants on Usage Behavior, User Experience, and Social Perceptions. Wienrich, Carolin; Carolus, Astrid; Markus, André; Augustin, Yannik; Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas. In Computers, 12(4). 2023.
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  Social patterns and roles can develop when users talk to intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) daily. The current study investigates whether users assign different roles to devices and how this affects their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions. Since social roles take time to establish, we equipped 106 participants with Alexa or Google assistants and some smart home devices and observed their interactions for nine months. We analyzed diverse subjective (questionnaire) and objective data (interaction data). By combining social science and data science analyses, we identified two distinct clusters—users who assigned a friendship role to IVAs over time and users who did not. Interestingly, these clusters exhibited significant differences in their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions of the devices. For example, participants who assigned a role to IVAs attributed more friendship to them used them more frequently, reported more enjoyment during interactions, and perceived more empathy for IVAs. In addition, these users had distinct personal requirements, for example, they reported more loneliness. This study provides valuable insights into the role-specific effects and consequences of voice assistants. Recent developments in conversational language models such as ChatGPT suggest that the findings of this study could make an important contribution to the design of dialogic human–AI interactions.

  @article{wienrich2023longterm, abstract = {Social patterns and roles can develop when users talk to intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) daily. The current study investigates whether users assign different roles to devices and how this affects their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions. Since social roles take time to establish, we equipped 106 participants with Alexa or Google assistants and some smart home devices and observed their interactions for nine months. We analyzed diverse subjective (questionnaire) and objective data (interaction data). By combining social science and data science analyses, we identified two distinct clusters—users who assigned a friendship role to IVAs over time and users who did not. Interestingly, these clusters exhibited significant differences in their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions of the devices. For example, participants who assigned a role to IVAs attributed more friendship to them used them more frequently, reported more enjoyment during interactions, and perceived more empathy for IVAs. In addition, these users had distinct personal requirements, for example, they reported more loneliness. This study provides valuable insights into the role-specific effects and consequences of voice assistants. Recent developments in conversational language models such as ChatGPT suggest that the findings of this study could make an important contribution to the design of dialogic human–AI interactions.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Carolus, Astrid and Markus, André and Augustin, Yannik and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Computers}, keywords = {from:janpf}, number = 4, title = {Long-Term Effects of Perceived Friendship with Intelligent Voice Assistants on Usage Behavior, User Experience, and Social Perceptions}, volume = 12, year = 2023 }
• The Impact of Avatar and Environment Congruence on Plausibility, Embodiment, Presence, and the Proteus Effect in Virtual Reality. Mal, David; Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(5), S. 2358–2368. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Many studies show the significance of the Proteus effect for serious virtual reality applications. The present study extends the existing knowledge by considering the relationship (congruence) between the self-embodiment (avatar) and the virtual environment. We investigated the impact of avatar and environment types and their congruence on avatar plausibility, sense of embodiment, spatial presence, and the Proteus effect. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, participants embodied either an avatar in sports- or business wear in a semantic congruent or incongruent environment while performing lightweight exercises in virtual reality. The avatar-environment congruence significantly affected the avatar’s plausibility but not the sense of embodiment or spatial presence. However, a significant Proteus effect emerged only for participants who reported a high feeling of (virtual) body ownership, indicating that a strong sense of having and owning a virtual body is key to facilitating the Proteus effect. We discuss the results assuming current theories of bottom-up and top-down determinants of the Proteus effect and thus contribute to understanding its underlying mechanisms and determinants.

  @article{mal2023impact, abstract = {Many studies show the significance of the Proteus effect for serious virtual reality applications. The present study extends the existing knowledge by considering the relationship (congruence) between the self-embodiment (avatar) and the virtual environment. We investigated the impact of avatar and environment types and their congruence on avatar plausibility, sense of embodiment, spatial presence, and the Proteus effect. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, participants embodied either an avatar in sports- or business wear in a semantic congruent or incongruent environment while performing lightweight exercises in virtual reality. The avatar-environment congruence significantly affected the avatar’s plausibility but not the sense of embodiment or spatial presence. However, a significant Proteus effect emerged only for participants who reported a high feeling of (virtual) body ownership, indicating that a strong sense of having and owning a virtual body is key to facilitating the Proteus effect. We discuss the results assuming current theories of bottom-up and top-down determinants of the Proteus effect and thus contribute to understanding its underlying mechanisms and determinants.}, author = {Mal, David and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {dmal}, number = 5, pages = {2358-2368}, title = {The Impact of Avatar and Environment Congruence on Plausibility, Embodiment, Presence, and the Proteus Effect in Virtual Reality}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• Text Input for Non-Stationary XR Workspaces: Investigating Tap and Word-Gesture Keyboards in Virtual and Augmented Reality. Kern, Florian; Niebling, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, S. 2658–2669. 2023.
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  This article compares two state-of-the-art text input techniques between non-stationary virtual reality (VR) and video see-through augmented reality (VST AR) use-cases as XR display condition. The developed contact-based mid-air virtual tap and wordgesture (swipe) keyboard provide established support functions for text correction, word suggestions, capitalization, and punctuation. A user evaluation with 64 participants revealed that XR displays and input techniques strongly affect text entry performance, while subjective measures are only influenced by the input techniques. We found significantly higher usability and user experience ratings for tap keyboards compared to swipe keyboards in both VR and VST AR. Task load was also lower for tap keyboards. In terms of performance, both input techniques were significantly faster in VR than in VST AR. Further, the tap keyboard was significantly faster than the swipe keyboard in VR. Participants showed a significant learning effect with only ten sentences typed per condition. Our results are consistent with previous work in VR and optical see-through (OST) AR, but additionally provide novel insights into usability and performance of the selected text input techniques for VST AR. The significant differences in subjective and objective measures emphasize the importance of specific evaluations for each possible combination of input techniques and XR displays to provide reusable, reliable, and high-quality text input solutions. With our work, we form a foundation for future research and XR workspaces. Our reference implementation is publicly available to encourage replicability and reuse in future XR workspaces.

  @article{kern2023input, abstract = {This article compares two state-of-the-art text input techniques between non-stationary virtual reality (VR) and video see-through augmented reality (VST AR) use-cases as XR display condition. The developed contact-based mid-air virtual tap and wordgesture (swipe) keyboard provide established support functions for text correction, word suggestions, capitalization, and punctuation. A user evaluation with 64 participants revealed that XR displays and input techniques strongly affect text entry performance, while subjective measures are only influenced by the input techniques. We found significantly higher usability and user experience ratings for tap keyboards compared to swipe keyboards in both VR and VST AR. Task load was also lower for tap keyboards. In terms of performance, both input techniques were significantly faster in VR than in VST AR. Further, the tap keyboard was significantly faster than the swipe keyboard in VR. Participants showed a significant learning effect with only ten sentences typed per condition. Our results are consistent with previous work in VR and optical see-through (OST) AR, but additionally provide novel insights into usability and performance of the selected text input techniques for VST AR. The significant differences in subjective and objective measures emphasize the importance of specific evaluations for each possible combination of input techniques and XR displays to provide reusable, reliable, and high-quality text input solutions. With our work, we form a foundation for future research and XR workspaces. Our reference implementation is publicly available to encourage replicability and reuse in future XR workspaces.}, author = {Kern, Florian and Niebling, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {vilearn}, pages = {2658–2669}, title = {Text Input for Non-Stationary XR Workspaces: Investigating Tap and Word-Gesture Keyboards in Virtual and Augmented Reality}, year = 2023 }
• Using Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks to Predict Temporal Centralities in Dynamic Graphs. Heeg, Franziska; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2310.15865. 2023.
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  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2310-15865, author = {Heeg, Franziska and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Using Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks to Predict Temporal Centralities in Dynamic Graphs.}, volume = {abs/2310.15865}, year = 2023 }
• Reality Stack I/O: A Versatile and Modular Framework for Simplifying and Unifying XR Applications and Research. Kern, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), S. 74–76. 2023.
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  This paper introduces Reality Stack I/O (RSIO), a versatile and modular framework designed to facilitate the development of extended reality (XR) applications. Researchers and developers often spend a significant amount of time enabling cross-device and cross-platform compatibility, leading to delays and increased complexity. RSIO provides the essential features to simplify and unify the development of XR applications. It enhances cross-device and cross-platform compatibility, expedites integration, and allows developers to focus more on building XR experiences rather than device integration. We offer a public Unity reference implementation with examples.

  @inproceedings{10322199, abstract = {This paper introduces Reality Stack I/O (RSIO), a versatile and modular framework designed to facilitate the development of extended reality (XR) applications. Researchers and developers often spend a significant amount of time enabling cross-device and cross-platform compatibility, leading to delays and increased complexity. RSIO provides the essential features to simplify and unify the development of XR applications. It enhances cross-device and cross-platform compatibility, expedites integration, and allows developers to focus more on building XR experiences rather than device integration. We offer a public Unity reference implementation with examples.}, author = {Kern, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)}, keywords = {realityStack}, pages = {74-76}, title = {Reality Stack I/O: A Versatile and Modular Framework for Simplifying and Unifying XR Applications and Research}, year = 2023 }
• Enhancing Sequential Next-Item Prediction through Modelling Non-Item Pages. Fischer, Elisabeth; Schlör, Daniel; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @unpublished{fischer2023enhancing, author = {Fischer, Elisabeth and Schlör, Daniel and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {recommender}, title = {Enhancing Sequential Next-Item Prediction through Modelling Non-Item Pages}, year = 2023 }
• A Simple Pipeline for Orthogonal Graph Drawing. Hegemann, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’23), von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Bekos, M. Chimani (Hrsg.). Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{hw-spogd-GD23, author = {Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD'23)}, editor = {Bekos, Michael and Chimani, Markus}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {A Simple Pipeline for Orthogonal Graph Drawing}, year = 2023 }
• Higher-Order DeepTrails: Unified Approach to *Trails. Koopmann, Tobias; Pfister, Jan; Markus, André; Carolus, Astrid; Wienrich, Carolin; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the LWDA 2023 Workshops: FGWM, FGKD, and FGDB, Marburg (Germany), Oktober 9-11th, 2023, von CEUR Workshop Proceedings, M. Leyer, J. Wichmann (Hrsg.). CEUR-WS.org, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{koopmann2023higherorder, author = {Koopmann, Tobias and Pfister, Jan and Markus, André and Carolus, Astrid and Wienrich, Carolin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {LWDA} 2023 Workshops: FGWM, FGKD, and FGDB, Marburg (Germany), Oktober 9-11th, 2023}, editor = {Leyer, Michael and Wichmann, Johannes}, keywords = {from:martinr}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {{CEUR} Workshop Proceedings}, title = {Higher-Order DeepTrails: Unified Approach to *Trails}, year = 2023 }
• Can Neural Networks Distinguish High-school Level Mathematical Concepts?. Wankerl, Sebastian; Dulny, Andrzej; Goetz, Gerhard; Hotho, Andreas. In Accepted at ICDM. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Processing symbolic mathematics algorithmically is an important field of research. It has applications in computer algebra systems and supports researchers as well as applied mathematicians in their daily work. Recently, exploring the ability of neural networks to grasp mathematical concepts has received special attention. One particularly complex task for neural networks is to understand the relation of two mathematical expressions to each other. Despite the advances in learning mathematical relationships, previous studies are limited by small-scale datasets, relatively simple formula construction by few axiomatic rules and even artifacts in the data. With this work, we aim at overcoming these limitations and provide a deeper insight into the representation power of neural networks for classifying mathematical relations. We introduce a novel data generation algorithm to allow for more complex formula compositions and fully include mathematical fields up to high-school level. We research several tree-based and sequential neural architectures for classifying mathematical relations and conduct a systematic analysis of the models against rule-based as well as neural baselines with a focus on varying data set complexity, generalization abilities, and understanding of syntactical patterns. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of tree-structured models for this task and show the potential of deep learning models to distinguish high-school level mathematical concepts.

  @conference{wankerl2023neural, abstract = {Processing symbolic mathematics algorithmically is an important field of research. It has applications in computer algebra systems and supports researchers as well as applied mathematicians in their daily work. Recently, exploring the ability of neural networks to grasp mathematical concepts has received special attention. One particularly complex task for neural networks is to understand the relation of two mathematical expressions to each other. Despite the advances in learning mathematical relationships, previous studies are limited by small-scale datasets, relatively simple formula construction by few axiomatic rules and even artifacts in the data. With this work, we aim at overcoming these limitations and provide a deeper insight into the representation power of neural networks for classifying mathematical relations. We introduce a novel data generation algorithm to allow for more complex formula compositions and fully include mathematical fields up to high-school level. We research several tree-based and sequential neural architectures for classifying mathematical relations and conduct a systematic analysis of the models against rule-based as well as neural baselines with a focus on varying data set complexity, generalization abilities, and understanding of syntactical patterns. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of tree-structured models for this task and show the potential of deep learning models to distinguish high-school level mathematical concepts.}, author = {Wankerl, Sebastian and Dulny, Andrzej and Goetz, Gerhard and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Accepted at ICDM}, keywords = {from:martinr}, title = {Can Neural Networks Distinguish High-school Level Mathematical Concepts?}, year = 2023 }
• Do you Agree? Contrasting Google’s Core Web Vitals and the Impact of Cookie Consent Banners with Actual Web QoE. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Schatz, Raimund; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Quality and User Experience. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Providing sophisticated web Quality of Experience (QoE) has become paramount for web service providers and network operators alike. Due to advances in web technologies (HTML5, respon- sive design, etc.), traditional web QoE models focusing mainly on loading times have to be refined and improved. In this work, we relate Google’s Core Web Vitals, a set of metrics for improving user experience, to the loading time aspects of web QoE, and investigate whether the Core Web Vitals and web QoE agree on the perceived experience. To this end, we first perform objective measurements in the web using Google’s Lighthouse. To close the gap be- tween metrics and experience, we complement these objective measurements with subjective assessment by performing multiple crowdsourcing QoE studies. For this purpose, we developed CWeQS, a customized framework to emulate the entire web page loading process, and ask users for their experience while controlling the Core Web Vitals, which is available to the public. To properly configure CWeQS for the planned QoE study and the crowdsourcing setup, we conduct pre-studies, in which we evaluate the importance of the loading strategy of a web page and the impor- tance of the user task. The obtained insights allow us to conduct the desired QoE studies for each of the Core Web Vitals. Furthermore, we assess the impact of cookie consent banners, which have become ubiquitous due to regulatory demands, on the Core Web Vitals and investigate their influence on web QoE. Our results suggest that the Core Web Vitals are much less predictive for web QoE than expected and that page loading times remain the main metric and influence factor in this context. We further observe that unobtrusive and acentric cookie consent banners are preferred by end-users and that addi- tional delays caused by interacting with consent banners in order to agree to or reject cookies should be accounted along with the actual page load time to reduce waiting times and thus to improve web QoE.

  @article{info3-article-2023-3, abstract = {Providing sophisticated web Quality of Experience (QoE) has become paramount for web service providers and network operators alike. Due to advances in web technologies (HTML5, respon- sive design, etc.), traditional web QoE models focusing mainly on loading times have to be refined and improved. In this work, we relate Google’s Core Web Vitals, a set of metrics for improving user experience, to the loading time aspects of web QoE, and investigate whether the Core Web Vitals and web QoE agree on the perceived experience. To this end, we first perform objective measurements in the web using Google’s Lighthouse. To close the gap be- tween metrics and experience, we complement these objective measurements with subjective assessment by performing multiple crowdsourcing QoE studies. For this purpose, we developed CWeQS, a customized framework to emulate the entire web page loading process, and ask users for their experience while controlling the Core Web Vitals, which is available to the public. To properly configure CWeQS for the planned QoE study and the crowdsourcing setup, we conduct pre-studies, in which we evaluate the importance of the loading strategy of a web page and the impor- tance of the user task. The obtained insights allow us to conduct the desired QoE studies for each of the Core Web Vitals. Furthermore, we assess the impact of cookie consent banners, which have become ubiquitous due to regulatory demands, on the Core Web Vitals and investigate their influence on web QoE. Our results suggest that the Core Web Vitals are much less predictive for web QoE than expected and that page loading times remain the main metric and influence factor in this context. We further observe that unobtrusive and acentric cookie consent banners are preferred by end-users and that addi- tional delays caused by interacting with consent banners in order to agree to or reject cookies should be accounted along with the actual page load time to reduce waiting times and thus to improve web QoE.}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Schatz, Raimund and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Quality and User Experience}, keywords = {ucn}, title = {Do you Agree? Contrasting Google’s Core Web Vitals and the Impact of Cookie Consent Banners with Actual Web QoE}, year = 2023 }
• User-centred Design and Development of a Graphical User Interface for Learning Classifier Systems. Babu, Sooraj K; Schneider, Tim; von Mammen, Sebastian. In GECCO ’23 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, S. 1830–1837. ACM, Lisbon, Portugal, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This study presents an application that offers an interactive representation of the learning cycle of a learning classifier system (LCS), a rule-based machine learning technique. The research approach utilized a combination of human-computer interaction requirements, design heuristics, and user-centred engineering to scaffold the development of a graphical user interface for an LCS. The evaluation of the application by LCS experts and a novice yielded encouraging results, demonstrating its ability to convey the LCS mechanics to the users. In addition, the experts validated the correctness of the learning cycle. The study's contribution is two-fold: it presents an innovative approach to making the user understand the underlying mechanics of LCS and validates the effectiveness of the developed application. Furthermore, this work sets the stage for future research towards design revision and to further develop the application to accommodate different LCS models and custom data.

  @conference{Babu:2023ab, abstract = {This study presents an application that offers an interactive representation of the learning cycle of a learning classifier system (LCS), a rule-based machine learning technique. The research approach utilized a combination of human-computer interaction requirements, design heuristics, and user-centred engineering to scaffold the development of a graphical user interface for an LCS. The evaluation of the application by LCS experts and a novice yielded encouraging results, demonstrating its ability to convey the LCS mechanics to the users. In addition, the experts validated the correctness of the learning cycle. The study's contribution is two-fold: it presents an innovative approach to making the user understand the underlying mechanics of LCS and validates the effectiveness of the developed application. Furthermore, this work sets the stage for future research towards design revision and to further develop the application to accommodate different LCS models and custom data.}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K and Schneider, Tim and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {GECCO '23 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation}, keywords = {via-vr}, pages = {1830–1837}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {User-centred Design and Development of a Graphical User Interface for Learning Classifier Systems}, year = 2023 }
• Traversing the Pass: Improving the Knowledge Retention of Serious Games Using a Pedagogical Agent. Krop, Philipp; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Association for Computing Machinery, Würzburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Machine learning is an essential aspect of modern life that many educational institutions incorporate into their curricula. Often, students struggle to grasp how neural networks learn. Teaching these concepts could be assisted with pedagogical agents and serious games, which both have proven helpful for complex topics like engineering. We present "Traversing the Pass," a serious game that utilizes a mentor-like agent to explain the underlying machine learning concepts and provides feedback. We optimized the agent’s design in a pre-study before evaluating its effectiveness compared to a text-only user interface with experts and students. Participants performed better in a second assessment two weeks later if they played the game using the agent. Although criticized as repetitive, the game created an understanding of basic machine learning concepts and achieved high flow values. Our results indicate that agents could be used to enhance the beneficial effects of serious games with improved knowledge retention.

  @inproceedings{krop2023traversing, abstract = {Machine learning is an essential aspect of modern life that many educational institutions incorporate into their curricula. Often, students struggle to grasp how neural networks learn. Teaching these concepts could be assisted with pedagogical agents and serious games, which both have proven helpful for complex topics like engineering. We present "Traversing the Pass," a serious game that utilizes a mentor-like agent to explain the underlying machine learning concepts and provides feedback. We optimized the agent’s design in a pre-study before evaluating its effectiveness compared to a text-only user interface with experts and students. Participants performed better in a second assessment two weeks later if they played the game using the agent. Although criticized as repetitive, the game created an understanding of basic machine learning concepts and achieved high flow values. Our results indicate that agents could be used to enhance the beneficial effects of serious games with improved knowledge retention.}, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Krop, Philipp and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents}, keywords = {aiatwork}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Traversing the Pass: Improving the Knowledge Retention of Serious Games Using a Pedagogical Agent}, year = 2023 }
• An Approach to Investigate an Influence of Visual Angle Size on Emotional Activation During a Decision-Making Task. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Birnstiel, Sandra; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (HCII 2023), von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, S. 649–664. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Decision-making is an important ability in our daily lives. Decision-making can be influenced by emotions. A virtual environment and objects in it might follow an emotional design, thus potentially influ- encing the mood of a user. A higher visual angle on a particular stimulus can lead to a higher emotional response to it. The use of immersive vir- tual reality (VR) surrounds a user visually with a virtual environment, as opposed to the partial immersion of using a normal computer screen. This higher immersion may result in a greater visual angle on a particu- lar stimulus and thus a stronger emotional response to it. In a between- subjects user study, we compare the results of a decision-making task in VR presented in three different visual angles. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) as task and to detect potential differences in decision-making. The IGT was displayed in one of three dimensions, thus yielding visual angles of 20◦, 35◦, and 50◦. Our results indicate no difference between the three conditions with respect to decision-making. Thus, our results possibly imply that a higher visual angle has no influence on a task that is influenced by emotions but is otherwise cognitive.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2023approach, abstract = {Decision-making is an important ability in our daily lives. Decision-making can be influenced by emotions. A virtual environment and objects in it might follow an emotional design, thus potentially influ- encing the mood of a user. A higher visual angle on a particular stimulus can lead to a higher emotional response to it. The use of immersive vir- tual reality (VR) surrounds a user visually with a virtual environment, as opposed to the partial immersion of using a normal computer screen. This higher immersion may result in a greater visual angle on a particu- lar stimulus and thus a stronger emotional response to it. In a between- subjects user study, we compare the results of a decision-making task in VR presented in three different visual angles. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) as task and to detect potential differences in decision-making. The IGT was displayed in one of three dimensions, thus yielding visual angles of 20◦, 35◦, and 50◦. Our results indicate no difference between the three conditions with respect to decision-making. Thus, our results possibly imply that a higher visual angle has no influence on a task that is influenced by emotions but is otherwise cognitive.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Birnstiel, Sandra and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (HCII 2023)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = {649–664}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {An Approach to Investigate an Influence of Visual Angle Size on Emotional Activation During a Decision-Making Task}, year = 2023 }
• Towards Querying Multimodal Annotations Using Graphs. Bruschke, Jonas; Köber, Cindy; Utescher, Ronja; Niebling, Florian. In Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries, S. Münster, A. Pattee, C. Kröber, F. Niebling (Hrsg.), S. 65–87. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Photographs and 3D reconstructions of buildings as well as textual information and documents play an important role in art history and architectural studies when it comes to investigating architecture, the construction history of buildings, and the impact these constructions had on a city. Advanced tools have the potential to enhance and support research workflows and source criticism by linking corresponding materials and annotations, such that relevant data can be quickly queried and identified. Images are a primary source in the 3D reconstruction process, with the possibility to create spatializations of additional photographs of buildings which were not part of the initial SfM process, enabling the linking of annotations between these photographs and the respective 3D model. In contrast, identifying and locating respective annotations in text sources requires a different approach due to their more abstract nature. This paper presents concepts for automatic linking of texts and their respective annotations to corresponding images, as well as to 3D models and their annotations. Controlled vocabularies for architectural elements and a graph representation are utilized to reduce ambiguity when querying related instances.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-38871-2_5, abstract = {Photographs and 3D reconstructions of buildings as well as textual information and documents play an important role in art history and architectural studies when it comes to investigating architecture, the construction history of buildings, and the impact these constructions had on a city. Advanced tools have the potential to enhance and support research workflows and source criticism by linking corresponding materials and annotations, such that relevant data can be quickly queried and identified. Images are a primary source in the 3D reconstruction process, with the possibility to create spatializations of additional photographs of buildings which were not part of the initial SfM process, enabling the linking of annotations between these photographs and the respective 3D model. In contrast, identifying and locating respective annotations in text sources requires a different approach due to their more abstract nature. This paper presents concepts for automatic linking of texts and their respective annotations to corresponding images, as well as to 3D models and their annotations. Controlled vocabularies for architectural elements and a graph representation are utilized to reduce ambiguity when querying related instances.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Bruschke, Jonas and Köber, Cindy and Utescher, Ronja and Niebling, Florian}, booktitle = {Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries}, editor = {Münster, Sander and Pattee, Aaron and Kröber, Cindy and Niebling, Florian}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, pages = {65–87}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {Towards Querying Multimodal Annotations Using Graphs}, year = 2023 }
• Behavioural Adaptation Towards Foreign Virtual Agents in VR - the Impact of Non-Native Speech. Obremski, David; Brucker, Eva; Friedrich, Paula; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, von IVA ’23. ACM, Würzburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Obremski2023IVAPosterAFC, author = {Obremski, David and Brucker, Eva and Friedrich, Paula and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents}, keywords = {mi}, note = {in press}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {IVA '23}, title = {Behavioural Adaptation Towards Foreign Virtual Agents in VR - the Impact of Non-Native Speech}, year = 2023 }
• The NarRobot Plugin - Connecting the Social Robot Reeti to the Unity Game Engine. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Siol, Lenny; Ganal, Elisabeth; Maier, Sophia; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, von HRI ’23 Companion. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2023narrobot, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Siol, Lenny and Ganal, Elisabeth and Maier, Sophia and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, series = {HRI '23 Companion}, title = {The NarRobot Plugin - Connecting the Social Robot Reeti to the Unity Game Engine}, year = 2023 }
• Visualizing Multispecies Coalescent Trees: Drawing Gene Trees Inside Species Trees. Klawitter, Jonathan; Klesen, Felix; Niederer, Moritz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’23), Bd. 13878 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, L. Gąsieniec (Hrsg.), S. 96–110. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{kknw-vmct-SOFSEM23, author = {Klawitter, Jonathan and Klesen, Felix and Niederer, Moritz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'23)}, editor = {G\ąsieniec, Leszek}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {96–110}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Visualizing Multispecies Coalescent Trees: Drawing Gene Trees Inside Species Trees}, volume = 13878, year = 2023 }
• Outside-Obstacle Representations with All Vertices on the Outer Face. Firman, Oksana; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’22), Bd. 13764 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Angelini, R. von Hanxleden (Hrsg.), S. 432–440. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{fkkkkw-ooravof-GD22, author = {Firman, Oksana and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'22)}, editor = {Angelini, Patrizio and von Hanxleden, Reinhard}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {432–440}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Outside-Obstacle Representations with All Vertices on the Outer Face}, volume = 13764, year = 2023 }
• Auswirkung von (virtuellen) Körperbildübungen auf das Ernährungsverhalten von Personen mit Adipositas – Ergebnisse der ViTraS-Pilotstudie. Gemesi, Kathrin; Döllinger, Nina; Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Wienrich, Carolin; Luck-Sikorski, Claudia; Bader, Erik; Holzapfel, Christina. In Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie, 17(03), S. S10–05. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Einleitung Die multimodale Adipositastherapie besteht aus Elementen der Ernährung, der Bewegung und des Verhaltens bzw. des Körperbildes. Anwendungen der virtuellen Realität (VR) können das Methodenspektrum der Körperbildtherapie erweitern. Im vorliegenden Projekt wurde ein VR-System (bestehend aus einem Avatar und einem virtuellen Spiegel) zur Verbesserung von Körperwahrnehmung und Körperbild bei Personen mit Adipositas entwickelt. Methoden Im Rahmen der multizentrischen kontrollierten ViTraS-Pilotstudie (Registrierungsnummer: DRKS00027906) wurden bei Personen mit Adipositas virtuelle bzw. traditionelle Körperbildübungen angewendet. Es fanden drei Sitzungen im Abstand von ca. zwei Wochen statt. Über die Zeit wurden anthropometrische Daten sowie Daten zum Ernährungsverhalten (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) und eine Auswahl von Fragen des The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS)) erfasst. In zwei Sitzungen wurden Körperbildübungen virtuell (VR-Gruppe) oder nicht-virtuell (Kontrollgruppe) durchgeführt. Eine online Follow-Up-Datenerhebung fand 6 Wochen nach der letzten Sitzung statt. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 66 Personen (VR-Gruppe: 31, Kontrollgruppe: 35) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Personen waren zu 79% (52/66) weiblich, 45±13 Jahre alt und der mittlere BMI lag bei 37±4 kg/m2. Die Auswertung des DEBQ Fragebogens hat ergeben, dass in der VR-Gruppe gezügeltes Essverhalten von Anfang bis Ende der Studie signifikant (p<0,05) zugenommen hat. Die Ergebnisse der Auswahl von Fragen des TEMS hat keine signifikanten (p≥0,05) Unterschiede innerhalb oder zwischen den Gruppen ergeben. Schlussfolgerung Die Studie hat ergeben, dass die Durchführung von virtuellen Körperbildübungen eine Auswirkung auf das Ernährungsverhalten von Personen mit Adipositas haben kann.

  @article{gemesi2023auswirkung, abstract = {Einleitung Die multimodale Adipositastherapie besteht aus Elementen der Ernährung, der Bewegung und des Verhaltens bzw. des Körperbildes. Anwendungen der virtuellen Realität (VR) können das Methodenspektrum der Körperbildtherapie erweitern. Im vorliegenden Projekt wurde ein VR-System (bestehend aus einem Avatar und einem virtuellen Spiegel) zur Verbesserung von Körperwahrnehmung und Körperbild bei Personen mit Adipositas entwickelt. Methoden Im Rahmen der multizentrischen kontrollierten ViTraS-Pilotstudie (Registrierungsnummer: DRKS00027906) wurden bei Personen mit Adipositas virtuelle bzw. traditionelle Körperbildübungen angewendet. Es fanden drei Sitzungen im Abstand von ca. zwei Wochen statt. Über die Zeit wurden anthropometrische Daten sowie Daten zum Ernährungsverhalten (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) und eine Auswahl von Fragen des The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS)) erfasst. In zwei Sitzungen wurden Körperbildübungen virtuell (VR-Gruppe) oder nicht-virtuell (Kontrollgruppe) durchgeführt. Eine online Follow-Up-Datenerhebung fand 6 Wochen nach der letzten Sitzung statt. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 66 Personen (VR-Gruppe: 31, Kontrollgruppe: 35) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Personen waren zu 79% (52/66) weiblich, 45±13 Jahre alt und der mittlere BMI lag bei 37±4 kg/m2. Die Auswertung des DEBQ Fragebogens hat ergeben, dass in der VR-Gruppe gezügeltes Essverhalten von Anfang bis Ende der Studie signifikant (p<0,05) zugenommen hat. Die Ergebnisse der Auswahl von Fragen des TEMS hat keine signifikanten (p≥0,05) Unterschiede innerhalb oder zwischen den Gruppen ergeben. Schlussfolgerung Die Studie hat ergeben, dass die Durchführung von virtuellen Körperbildübungen eine Auswirkung auf das Ernährungsverhalten von Personen mit Adipositas haben kann.}, author = {Gemesi, Kathrin and Döllinger, Nina and Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Wienrich, Carolin and Luck-Sikorski, Claudia and Bader, Erik and Holzapfel, Christina}, journal = {Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie}, keywords = {dmal}, number = {03}, pages = {S10-05}, title = {Auswirkung von (virtuellen) Körperbildübungen auf das Ernährungsverhalten von Personen mit Adipositas – Ergebnisse der ViTraS-Pilotstudie}, volume = 17, year = 2023 }
• Deep Neural Network Regression for Normalized Digital Surface Model Generation with Sentinel-2 Imagery. Müller, Konstantin; Leppich, Robert; Geiß, Christian; Borst, Vanessa; Pelizari, Patrick Aravena; Kounev, Samuel. In IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, S. 1–14. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  In recent history, normalized digital surface models (nDSMs) have been constantly gaining importance as a means to solve large-scale geographic problems. High-resolution surface models are precious, as they can provide detailed information for a specific area. However, measurements with a high resolution are time-consuming and costly. Only a few approaches exist to create high-resolution normalized digital surface models for extensive areas. This paper explores approaches to extract high-resolution nDSMs from low-resolution Sentinel-2 data, allowing us to derive large-scale models. We thereby utilize the advantages of Sentinel 2 being open access, having global coverage, and providing steady updates through a high repetition rate. Several deep-learning models are trained to overcome the gap in producing high-resolution surface maps from low-resolution input data. With U-Net as a base architecture, we extend the capabilities of our model by integrating tailored multiscale encoders with differently sized kernels in the convolution as well as conformed self-attention inside the skip connection gates. Using pixel-wise regression, our U-Net base models can achieve a mean height error of approximately two meters. Moreover, through our enhancements to the model architecture, we reduce the model error by more than seven percent.

  @article{10189905, abstract = {In recent history, normalized digital surface models (nDSMs) have been constantly gaining importance as a means to solve large-scale geographic problems. High-resolution surface models are precious, as they can provide detailed information for a specific area. However, measurements with a high resolution are time-consuming and costly. Only a few approaches exist to create high-resolution normalized digital surface models for extensive areas. This paper explores approaches to extract high-resolution nDSMs from low-resolution Sentinel-2 data, allowing us to derive large-scale models. We thereby utilize the advantages of Sentinel 2 being open access, having global coverage, and providing steady updates through a high repetition rate. Several deep-learning models are trained to overcome the gap in producing high-resolution surface maps from low-resolution input data. With U-Net as a base architecture, we extend the capabilities of our model by integrating tailored multiscale encoders with differently sized kernels in the convolution as well as conformed self-attention inside the skip connection gates. Using pixel-wise regression, our U-Net base models can achieve a mean height error of approximately two meters. Moreover, through our enhancements to the model architecture, we reduce the model error by more than seven percent.}, author = {Müller, Konstantin and Leppich, Robert and Geiß, Christian and Borst, Vanessa and Pelizari, Patrick Aravena and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = {1-14}, title = {Deep Neural Network Regression for Normalized Digital Surface Model Generation with Sentinel-2 Imagery}, year = 2023 }
• Giving Historical Photographs a New Perspective: Introducing Camera Orientation Parameters as New Metadata in a Large-Scale 4D Application. Maiwald, Ferdinand; Bruschke, Jonas; Schneider, Danilo; Wacker, Markus; Niebling, Florian. In Remote Sensing, 15(7), S. 1879. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{maiwald2023giving, author = {Maiwald, Ferdinand and Bruschke, Jonas and Schneider, Danilo and Wacker, Markus and Niebling, Florian}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, number = 7, pages = 1879, title = {Giving Historical Photographs a New Perspective: Introducing Camera Orientation Parameters as New Metadata in a Large-Scale 4D Application}, type = {Journal Article}, volume = 15, year = 2023 }
• A Systematic Evaluation of Incongruencies and Their Influence on Plausibility in Virtual Reality. Brübach, Larissa; Westermeier, Franziska; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), von ISMAR ’23, S. 894–901. IEEE Computer Society, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Currently, there is an ongoing debate about the influencing factors of one's extended reality (XR) experience. Plausibility, congruence, and their role have recently gained more and more attention. One of the latest models to describe XR experiences, the Congruence and Plausibility model (CaP), puts plausibility and congruence right in the center. However, it is unclear what influence they have on the overall XR experience and what influences our perceived plausibility rating. In this paper, we implemented four different incongruencies within a virtual reality scene using breaks in plausibility as an analogy to breaks in presence. These manipulations were either located on the cognitive or perceptual layer of the CaP model. They were also either connected to the task at hand or not. We tested these manipulations in a virtual bowling environment to see which influence they had. Our results show that manipulations connected to the task caused a lower perceived plausibility. Additionally, cognitive manipulations seem to have a larger influence than perceptual manipulations. We were able to cause a break in plausibility with one of our incongruencies. These results show a first direction on how the influence of plausibility in XR can be systematically investigated in the future.

  @inproceedings{brubach2023systematic, abstract = {Currently, there is an ongoing debate about the influencing factors of one's extended reality (XR) experience. Plausibility, congruence, and their role have recently gained more and more attention. One of the latest models to describe XR experiences, the Congruence and Plausibility model (CaP), puts plausibility and congruence right in the center. However, it is unclear what influence they have on the overall XR experience and what influences our perceived plausibility rating. In this paper, we implemented four different incongruencies within a virtual reality scene using breaks in plausibility as an analogy to breaks in presence. These manipulations were either located on the cognitive or perceptual layer of the CaP model. They were also either connected to the task at hand or not. We tested these manipulations in a virtual bowling environment to see which influence they had. Our results show that manipulations connected to the task caused a lower perceived plausibility. Additionally, cognitive manipulations seem to have a larger influence than perceptual manipulations. We were able to cause a break in plausibility with one of our incongruencies. These results show a first direction on how the influence of plausibility in XR can be systematically investigated in the future.}, author = {Brübach, Larissa and Westermeier, Franziska and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {xrhub}, pages = {894-901}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, series = {ISMAR '23}, title = {A Systematic Evaluation of Incongruencies and Their Influence on Plausibility in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• Morphing Rectangular Duals. Chaplick, Steven; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Rutter, Ignaz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’22), Bd. 13764 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Angelini, R. von Hanxleden (Hrsg.), S. 389–403. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ckkrw-mrd-GD22, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Rutter, Ignaz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 30th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'22)}, editor = {Angelini, Patrizio and von Hanxleden, Reinhard}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {389–403}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Morphing Rectangular Duals}, volume = 13764, year = 2023 }
• Challenges and Future Directions in Efficiency Benchmarking (Vision Paper). Meissner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Sharma, Sanjay; Arnold, Jeremy; Cragin, Aaron; Galizia, Patrick; Petrich, Mike; Zhang, Bin; Kounev, Samuel. In Companion of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’23 Companion, S. 51–55. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  SPEC benchmarks are crucial contributors behind the improvement of server efficiency since 2007, given their role in making the power consumption and efficiency of servers transparent for government regulators, customers, and the manufacturers themselves.As the IT landscape experiences radical transformations, efficiency benchmarks need to be updated accordingly to generate results relevant to government regulators, manufacturers, and customers. In this paper, we outline current challenges efficiency benchmark developers are tackling and highlight recent technological developments the next generation of efficiency benchmarks should take into account.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3578245.3585034, abstract = {SPEC benchmarks are crucial contributors behind the improvement of server efficiency since 2007, given their role in making the power consumption and efficiency of servers transparent for government regulators, customers, and the manufacturers themselves.As the IT landscape experiences radical transformations, efficiency benchmarks need to be updated accordingly to generate results relevant to government regulators, manufacturers, and customers. In this paper, we outline current challenges efficiency benchmark developers are tackling and highlight recent technological developments the next generation of efficiency benchmarks should take into account.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Meissner, Maximilian and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Sharma, Sanjay and Arnold, Jeremy and Cragin, Aaron and Galizia, Patrick and Petrich, Mike and Zhang, Bin and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {51–55}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '23 Companion}, title = {Challenges and Future Directions in Efficiency Benchmarking (Vision Paper)}, year = 2023 }
• Morphing Planar Graph Drawings Through 3D. Buchin, Kevin; Evans, Will; Frati, Fabrizio; Kostitsyna, Irina; Löffler, Maarten; Ophelders, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’23), Bd. 13878 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, L. Gąsieniec (Hrsg.), S. 80–95. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{befklow-mpgdt3d-SOFSEM23, author = {Buchin, Kevin and Evans, Will and Frati, Fabrizio and Kostitsyna, Irina and Löffler, Maarten and Ophelders, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'23)}, editor = {Gąsieniec, Leszek}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {80–95}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Morphing Planar Graph Drawings Through {3D}}, volume = 13878, year = 2023 }
• Autoscaler Evaluation and Configuration: A Practitioner’s Guideline. Straesser, Martin; Eismann, Simon; von Kistowski, Jóakim; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’23, S. 31–41. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Autoscalers are indispensable parts of modern cloud deployments and determine the service quality and cost of a cloud application in dynamic workloads. The configuration of an autoscaler strongly influences its performance and is also one of the biggest challenges and showstoppers for the practical applicability of many research autoscalers. Many proposed cloud experiment methodologies can only be partially applied in practice, and many autoscaling papers use custom evaluation methods and metrics. This paper presents a practical guideline for obtaining meaningful and interpretable results on autoscaler performance with reasonable overhead. We provide step-by-step instructions for defining realistic usage behaviors and traffic patterns. We divide the analysis of autoscaler performance into a qualitative antipattern-based analysis and a quantitative analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of our guideline, we conduct several experiments with a microservice of our industry partner in a realistic test environment.

  @inproceedings{straesser2023guideline, abstract = {Autoscalers are indispensable parts of modern cloud deployments and determine the service quality and cost of a cloud application in dynamic workloads. The configuration of an autoscaler strongly influences its performance and is also one of the biggest challenges and showstoppers for the practical applicability of many research autoscalers. Many proposed cloud experiment methodologies can only be partially applied in practice, and many autoscaling papers use custom evaluation methods and metrics. This paper presents a practical guideline for obtaining meaningful and interpretable results on autoscaler performance with reasonable overhead. We provide step-by-step instructions for defining realistic usage behaviors and traffic patterns. We divide the analysis of autoscaler performance into a qualitative antipattern-based analysis and a quantitative analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of our guideline, we conduct several experiments with a microservice of our industry partner in a realistic test environment.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Straesser, Martin and Eismann, Simon and von Kistowski, J\'{o}akim and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {methodology}, pages = {31-41}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '23}, title = {Autoscaler Evaluation and Configuration: A Practitioner's Guideline}, year = 2023 }
• Attitude-independent calibration of magnetometers in orbit using Particle Swarm Optimization. Kaiser, Tobias; Thois, Dominik; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Schwarz, Tobias; Maurer, Andreas; Herbst, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens. In 14th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  SONATE-2 is an upcoming CubeSat for AI applications in space. The payload includes widefield and nearfield cameras to take images of the Earth and perform tasks like image segmentation and anomaly detection. The Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) is designed to provide accurate pointing for these tasks. In addition, a propulsion system and a star sensor will be validated in orbit. In normal operations, the magnetic field vector and the sun vector are measured to determine the CubeSat attitude via the TRIAD or QUEST method. The harsh space environment subjects the sensors to disturbances, and it is expected that the calibration parameters will change over time. The magnetometers will be recalibrated in orbit using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithm records the predicted and measured magnetic field vectors from hundreds of points in time and minimises the error between their magnitude by changing the calibration parameters. This calibration was tested at the JMU Würzburg on demonstrator hardware for the ADCS and a set of Helmholtz coils simulating the Earth Magnetic Field. The resulting calibration parameters were only slightly less accurate than those found by calibrating the magnetometer in the laboratory. The calibration algorithm will be optimized further and then implemented on SONATE-2.

  @inproceedings{noauthororeditorattitudeindependent, abstract = {SONATE-2 is an upcoming CubeSat for AI applications in space. The payload includes widefield and nearfield cameras to take images of the Earth and perform tasks like image segmentation and anomaly detection. The Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) is designed to provide accurate pointing for these tasks. In addition, a propulsion system and a star sensor will be validated in orbit. In normal operations, the magnetic field vector and the sun vector are measured to determine the CubeSat attitude via the TRIAD or QUEST method. The harsh space environment subjects the sensors to disturbances, and it is expected that the calibration parameters will change over time. The magnetometers will be recalibrated in orbit using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithm records the predicted and measured magnetic field vectors from hundreds of points in time and minimises the error between their magnitude by changing the calibration parameters. This calibration was tested at the JMU Würzburg on demonstrator hardware for the ADCS and a set of Helmholtz coils simulating the Earth Magnetic Field. The resulting calibration parameters were only slightly less accurate than those found by calibrating the magnetometer in the laboratory. The calibration algorithm will be optimized further and then implemented on SONATE-2.}, author = {Kaiser, Tobias and Thois, Dominik and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Schwarz, Tobias and Maurer, Andreas and Herbst, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens}, booktitle = {14th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation}, keywords = {adcs}, title = {Attitude-independent calibration of magnetometers in orbit using Particle Swarm Optimization}, year = 2023 }
• A real-time polyp-detection system with clinical application in colonoscopy using deep convolutional neural networks. Krenzer, Adrian; Banck, Michael; Makowski, Kevin; Hekalo, Amar; Fitting, Daniel; Troya, Joel; Sudarevic, Boban; Zoller, Wolfgang G; Hann, Alexander; Puppe, Frank. In Journal of imaging, 9(2), S. 26. MDPI, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{krenzer2023real, author = {Krenzer, Adrian and Banck, Michael and Makowski, Kevin and Hekalo, Amar and Fitting, Daniel and Troya, Joel and Sudarevic, Boban and Zoller, Wolfgang G and Hann, Alexander and Puppe, Frank}, journal = {Journal of imaging}, keywords = {banck}, number = 2, pages = 26, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {A real-time polyp-detection system with clinical application in colonoscopy using deep convolutional neural networks}, volume = 9, year = 2023 }
• “If It’s Not Me It Doesn’t Make a Difference” – The Impact of Avatar Personalization on User Experience and Body Awareness in Virtual Reality. Döllinger, Nina; Beck, Matthias; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), S. 483–492. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Body awareness is relevant for the efficacy of psychotherapy. However, previous work on virtual reality (VR) and avatar-assisted therapy has often overlooked it. We investigated the effect of avatar individualization on body awareness in the context of VR-specific user experience, including sense of embodiment (SoE), plausibility, and sense of presence (SoP). In a between-subject design, 86 participants embodied three avatar types and engaged in VR movement exercises. The avatars were (1) generic and gender-matched, (2) customized from a set of pre-existing options, or (3) personalized photorealistic scans. Compared to the other conditions, participants with personalized avatars reported increased SoE, yet higher eeriness and reduced body awareness. Further, SoE and SoP positively correlated with body awareness across conditions. Our results indicate that VR user experience and body awareness do not always dovetail and do not necessarily predict each other. Future research should work towards a balance between body awareness and SoE.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2023doesnt, abstract = {Body awareness is relevant for the efficacy of psychotherapy. However, previous work on virtual reality (VR) and avatar-assisted therapy has often overlooked it. We investigated the effect of avatar individualization on body awareness in the context of VR-specific user experience, including sense of embodiment (SoE), plausibility, and sense of presence (SoP). In a between-subject design, 86 participants embodied three avatar types and engaged in VR movement exercises. The avatars were (1) generic and gender-matched, (2) customized from a set of pre-existing options, or (3) personalized photorealistic scans. Compared to the other conditions, participants with personalized avatars reported increased SoE, yet higher eeriness and reduced body awareness. Further, SoE and SoP positively correlated with body awareness across conditions. Our results indicate that VR user experience and body awareness do not always dovetail and do not necessarily predict each other. Future research should work towards a balance between body awareness and SoE.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Beck, Matthias and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {483-492}, title = {“If It’s Not Me It Doesn’t Make a Difference” – The Impact of Avatar Personalization on User Experience and Body Awareness in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• Case-Based Sample Generation using Multi-Armed Bandits. Korger, Andreas; Baumeister, Joachim. In Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen (LWDA), S. 282–297. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{korger2023casebased, author = {Korger, Andreas and Baumeister, Joachim}, booktitle = {Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen (LWDA)}, keywords = {evaluation}, pages = {282-297}, title = {Case-Based Sample Generation using Multi-Armed Bandits}, year = 2023 }
• Serverless Computing Lifecycle Model for Edge Cloud Deployments. Nguyen, TrungKien; Loh, Frank; Nguyen, Tung; Doan, Duong; Huu Thanh, Nguyen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE International Conference on Communications 2023 - GreenNet Workshop. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Serverless computing is a new cloud computing execution model. It offers little operational and administrative overhead, function activation on-demand, and significantly reduced resource consumption. For that reason, it is studied heavily in recent literature by means of handling incoming traffic, applicability for different tasks, and overall performance. Especially the introduction of states, where functionality is kept in CPU or memory can improve performance significantly. However, an in-depth analysis of the resource demand by among others, CPU and memory usage, latency, and energy consumption is still a blank spot in literature. To this end, we propose a serverless lifecycle model with intermediate states and deploy an image processing test setup in the edge cloud to test it. Furthermore, we measure important resource metrics of all states and state transitions of the model. This helps us to answer the question, whether keeping functions available in specific states of a serverless computing instance can improve performance without massive negative influence on the resource requirements.

  @inproceedings{info3-article-2023-4, abstract = {Serverless computing is a new cloud computing execution model. It offers little operational and administrative overhead, function activation on-demand, and significantly reduced resource consumption. For that reason, it is studied heavily in recent literature by means of handling incoming traffic, applicability for different tasks, and overall performance. Especially the introduction of states, where functionality is kept in CPU or memory can improve performance significantly. However, an in-depth analysis of the resource demand by among others, CPU and memory usage, latency, and energy consumption is still a blank spot in literature. To this end, we propose a serverless lifecycle model with intermediate states and deploy an image processing test setup in the edge cloud to test it. Furthermore, we measure important resource metrics of all states and state transitions of the model. This helps us to answer the question, whether keeping functions available in specific states of a serverless computing instance can improve performance without massive negative influence on the resource requirements.}, author = {Nguyen, TrungKien and Loh, Frank and Nguyen, Tung and Doan, Duong and Huu Thanh, Nguyen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Communications 2023 - GreenNet Workshop}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Serverless Computing Lifecycle Model for Edge Cloud Deployments}, year = 2023 }
• Performance Engineering of Serverless Applications and Platforms. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Eismann, Simon. PhD dissertation. Universität Würzburg, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @phdthesis{Eismann2023, author = {Eismann, Simon}, keywords = {descartes}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, title = {Performance Engineering of Serverless Applications and Platforms}, type = {doctoralthesis}, year = 2023 }
• ExDe: Design space exploration of scheduler architectures and mechanisms for serverless data-processing. Talluri, Sacheendra; Herbst, Nikolas; Abad, Cristina; De Matteis, Tiziano; Iosup, Alexandru. In Future Generation Computer Systems. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Serverless computing is increasingly used for data-processing applications in both science and business domains. At the core of serverless data-processing systems is the scheduler, which ensures dynamic decisions about task and data placement. Due to the variety of user, cluster, and workload properties, the design space for high-performance and cost-effective scheduling architectures and mechanisms is vast. The large design space is difficult to explore and characterize. To help the system designer disentangle this complexity, we present ExDe, a framework to systematically explore the design space of scheduling architectures and mechanisms. The framework includes a conceptual model and a simulator to assist in design space exploration. We use the framework, and real-world workloads, to characterize the performance of three scheduling architectures and two mechanisms. Our framework is open-source software available on Zenodo.

  @article{TALLURI2023, abstract = {Serverless computing is increasingly used for data-processing applications in both science and business domains. At the core of serverless data-processing systems is the scheduler, which ensures dynamic decisions about task and data placement. Due to the variety of user, cluster, and workload properties, the design space for high-performance and cost-effective scheduling architectures and mechanisms is vast. The large design space is difficult to explore and characterize. To help the system designer disentangle this complexity, we present ExDe, a framework to systematically explore the design space of scheduling architectures and mechanisms. The framework includes a conceptual model and a simulator to assist in design space exploration. We use the framework, and real-world workloads, to characterize the performance of three scheduling architectures and two mechanisms. Our framework is open-source software available on Zenodo.}, author = {Talluri, Sacheendra and Herbst, Nikolas and Abad, Cristina and {De Matteis}, Tiziano and Iosup, Alexandru}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X23004211}, title = {ExDe: Design space exploration of scheduler architectures and mechanisms for serverless data-processing}, year = 2023 }
• Case-Based Sample Generation using Multi-Armed Bandits. Korger, Andreas; Baumeister, Joachim. In ICCBR 2023: International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning. Springer, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{KB:ICCBR:2023, author = {Korger, Andreas and Baumeister, Joachim}, booktitle = {ICCBR 2023: International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning}, keywords = {cbr}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Case-Based Sample Generation using Multi-Armed Bandits}, year = 2023 }
• The NarRobot Plugin - Connecting the Social Robot Reeti to the Unity Game Engine. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Siol, Lenny; Ganal, Elisabeth; Maier, Sophia; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2023narrobot, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Siol, Lenny and Ganal, Elisabeth and Maier, Sophia and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, title = {The NarRobot Plugin - Connecting the Social Robot Reeti to the Unity Game Engine}, year = 2023 }
• Mind the Gap: Edge Facility Location Problems in Theory and Practice. Beck, Moritz; Spoerhase, Joachim; Storandt, Sabine. In Proc. 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics (CALDAM’23), Bd. 13947, S. 321–334. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{beck-etal23:edge-fac-loc, author = {Beck, Moritz and Spoerhase, Joachim and Storandt, Sabine}, booktitle = {Proc. 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics (CALDAM'23)}, keywords = {facility}, pages = {321–334}, title = {Mind the Gap: Edge Facility Location Problems in Theory and Practice}, volume = 13947, year = 2023 }
• TaylorPDENet: Learning PDEs from non-grid Data. Heinisch, Paul; Dulny, Andrzej; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Modeling data obtained from dynamical systems has gained attention in recent years as a challenging task for machine learning models. Previous approaches assume the measurements to be distributed on a grid. However, for real-world applications like weather prediction, the observations are taken from arbitrary locations within the spatial domain. In this paper, we propose TaylorPDENet - a novel machine learning method that is designed to overcome this challenge. Our algorithm uses the multidimensional Taylor expansion of a dynamical system at each observation point to estimate the spatial derivatives to perform predictions. TaylorPDENet is able to accomplish two objectives simultaneously: accurately forecast the evolution of a complex dynamical system and explicitly reconstruct the underlying differential equation describing the system. We evaluate our model on a variety of advection-diffusion equations with different parameters and show that it performs similarly to equivalent approaches on grid-structured data while being able to process unstructured data as well.

  @misc{heinisch2023taylorpdenet, abstract = {Modeling data obtained from dynamical systems has gained attention in recent years as a challenging task for machine learning models. Previous approaches assume the measurements to be distributed on a grid. However, for real-world applications like weather prediction, the observations are taken from arbitrary locations within the spatial domain. In this paper, we propose TaylorPDENet - a novel machine learning method that is designed to overcome this challenge. Our algorithm uses the multidimensional Taylor expansion of a dynamical system at each observation point to estimate the spatial derivatives to perform predictions. TaylorPDENet is able to accomplish two objectives simultaneously: accurately forecast the evolution of a complex dynamical system and explicitly reconstruct the underlying differential equation describing the system. We evaluate our model on a variety of advection-diffusion equations with different parameters and show that it performs similarly to equivalent approaches on grid-structured data while being able to process unstructured data as well.}, author = {Heinisch, Paul and Dulny, Andrzej and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {from:martinr}, note = {cite arxiv:2306.14511}, title = {TaylorPDENet: Learning PDEs from non-grid Data}, year = 2023 }
• A literature review of IoT and CPS—What they are, and what they are not. Lesch, Veronika; Züfle, Marwin; Bauer, André; Iffländer, Lukas; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Journal of Systems and Software, S. 111631. Elsevier, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Today, we are confronted with many concepts such as Cyber–Physical-Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing and many more. Some researchers use all of these terms interchangeably, while others interpret them in ways that contradict each other. The inconsistent and interchangeable usage of these terms creates the impression that authors abuse them as buzzwords to attract attention. Hence, the question arises: Is the existence of all these terms justified? In this paper, we first look at the origin of the terms. Then, we focus on Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS) as those terms are more often used as the others and further often seen as underlying technologies. We presentthe results of a literature review, including academic, industry and gray literature, with the objective to identify and discuss several clusters of similar statements on both terms. Building on this, we present definitions for IoT and CPS that reflect the core intuition of the terms as found in the literature review while providing a clear demarcation of the two terms. Then, we illustrate the applicability of our findings on several use cases. Finally, we discuss the relation to the other topics closely related to adaptive systems, namely Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Ubiquitous Computing, and Pervasive Computing.

  @article{lesch2023literature, abstract = {Today, we are confronted with many concepts such as Cyber–Physical-Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing and many more. Some researchers use all of these terms interchangeably, while others interpret them in ways that contradict each other. The inconsistent and interchangeable usage of these terms creates the impression that authors abuse them as buzzwords to attract attention. Hence, the question arises: Is the existence of all these terms justified? In this paper, we first look at the origin of the terms. Then, we focus on Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS) as those terms are more often used as the others and further often seen as underlying technologies. We presentthe results of a literature review, including academic, industry and gray literature, with the objective to identify and discuss several clusters of similar statements on both terms. Building on this, we present definitions for IoT and CPS that reflect the core intuition of the terms as found in the literature review while providing a clear demarcation of the two terms. Then, we illustrate the applicability of our findings on several use cases. Finally, we discuss the relation to the other topics closely related to adaptive systems, namely Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, Ubiquitous Computing, and Pervasive Computing.}, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Z{\"u}fle, Marwin and Bauer, Andr{\'e} and Iffl{\"a}nder, Lukas and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Software}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = 111631, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {A literature review of IoT and CPS—What they are, and what they are not}, year = 2023 }
• A Trace-driven Performance Evaluation of Hash-based Task Placement Algorithms for Cache-enabled Serverless Computing. Talluri, Sacheendra; Herbst, Nikolas; Abad, Cristina; Trivedi, Animesh; Iosup, Alexandru. In 2023 ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers (CF ’23). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{2023-cf-hash-task-placement, author = {Talluri, Sacheendra and Herbst, Nikolas and Abad, Cristina and Trivedi, Animesh and Iosup, Alexandru}, booktitle = {2023 ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers (CF '23)}, keywords = {performance}, title = {A Trace-driven Performance Evaluation of Hash-based Task Placement Algorithms for Cache-enabled Serverless Computing}, year = 2023 }
• Pepper on the Job: Applying Social Robots in Employee Training. Donnermann, Melissa; Rossin, Franziska; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2023). IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{donnermann2023pepper, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Rossin, Franziska and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2023)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Pepper on the Job: Applying Social Robots in Employee Training}, year = 2023 }
• Towards an Adaptive Pedagogical Agent in a Reading Intervention Using Reinforcement Learning. Riedmann, Anna; Lugrin, Birgit. In ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA ’23). ACM, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{riedmann2023towards, author = {Riedmann, Anna and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA ’23)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {ACM}, title = {Towards an Adaptive Pedagogical Agent in a Reading Intervention Using Reinforcement Learning}, year = 2023 }
• Reducing Racial Bias by Interacting with Virtual Agents: An Intervention in Virtual Reality. Obremski, David; Akuffo, Ohenewa Bediako; Lücke, Leonie; Semineth, Miriam; Tomiczek, Sarah; Weichert, Hanna-Finja; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, von AAMAS ’23, S. 747–755. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, London, United Kingdom, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Racial bias, implicit or explicit, is still a widespread phenomenon in our modern society, negatively affecting the way we interact with foreigners. These biases can also lead to the general tendency to avoid encounters with foreigners, which has a critical impact on society as a whole. This paper presents an approach to reduce implicit and explicit racial bias using two Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) in Virtual Reality (VR). Based on previous research from social psychology and the field of enculturated IVAs, a sympathetic East African-German mixed-cultural IVA, and an antipathetic German mono-cultural IVA were implemented to interact with the participants in a virtual pub quiz. Pre- and post-intervention measures of participants' implicit and explicit bias showed a significant decrease in both scores. This work demonstrates the capability of enculturated IVAs to reduce real-world racial biases and sets the base for cultural interventions with IVAs.

  @inproceedings{obremski2023AAMAS, abstract = {Racial bias, implicit or explicit, is still a widespread phenomenon in our modern society, negatively affecting the way we interact with foreigners. These biases can also lead to the general tendency to avoid encounters with foreigners, which has a critical impact on society as a whole. This paper presents an approach to reduce implicit and explicit racial bias using two Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) in Virtual Reality (VR). Based on previous research from social psychology and the field of enculturated IVAs, a sympathetic East African-German mixed-cultural IVA, and an antipathetic German mono-cultural IVA were implemented to interact with the participants in a virtual pub quiz. Pre- and post-intervention measures of participants' implicit and explicit bias showed a significant decrease in both scores. This work demonstrates the capability of enculturated IVAs to reduce real-world racial biases and sets the base for cultural interventions with IVAs.}, address = {Richland, SC}, author = {Obremski, David and Akuffo, Ohenewa Bediako and Lücke, Leonie and Semineth, Miriam and Tomiczek, Sarah and Weichert, Hanna-Finja and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {747–755}, publisher = {International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems}, series = {AAMAS '23}, title = {Reducing Racial Bias by Interacting with Virtual Agents: An Intervention in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• A Systematic Approach for Benchmarking of Container Orchestration Frameworks. Straesser, Martin; Mathiasch, Jonas; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’23, S. 187–198. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Container orchestration frameworks play a critical role in modern cloud computing paradigms such as cloud-native or serverless computing. They significantly impact the quality and cost of service deployment as they manage many performance-critical tasks such as container provisioning, scheduling, scaling, and networking. Consequently, a comprehensive performance assessment of container orchestration frameworks is essential. However, until now, there is no benchmarking approach that covers the many different tasks implemented in such platforms and supports evaluating different technology stacks. In this paper, we present a systematic approach that enables benchmarking of container orchestrators. Based on a definition of container orchestration, we define the core requirements and benchmarking scope for such platforms. Each requirement is then linked to metrics and measurement methods, and a benchmark architecture is proposed. With COFFEE, we introduce a benchmarking tool supporting the definition of complex test campaigns for container orchestration frameworks. We demonstrate the potential of our approach with case studies of the frameworks Kubernetes and Nomad in a self-hosted environment and on the Google Cloud Platform. The presented case studies focus on container startup times, crash recovery, rolling updates, and more.

  @inproceedings{straesser2023orchestration, abstract = {Container orchestration frameworks play a critical role in modern cloud computing paradigms such as cloud-native or serverless computing. They significantly impact the quality and cost of service deployment as they manage many performance-critical tasks such as container provisioning, scheduling, scaling, and networking. Consequently, a comprehensive performance assessment of container orchestration frameworks is essential. However, until now, there is no benchmarking approach that covers the many different tasks implemented in such platforms and supports evaluating different technology stacks. In this paper, we present a systematic approach that enables benchmarking of container orchestrators. Based on a definition of container orchestration, we define the core requirements and benchmarking scope for such platforms. Each requirement is then linked to metrics and measurement methods, and a benchmark architecture is proposed. With COFFEE, we introduce a benchmarking tool supporting the definition of complex test campaigns for container orchestration frameworks. We demonstrate the potential of our approach with case studies of the frameworks Kubernetes and Nomad in a self-hosted environment and on the Google Cloud Platform. The presented case studies focus on container startup times, crash recovery, rolling updates, and more.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Straesser, Martin and Mathiasch, Jonas and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {container_orchestration}, pages = {187-198}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '23}, title = {A Systematic Approach for Benchmarking of Container Orchestration Frameworks}, year = 2023 }
• Journey Through a Virtual Tunnel: Simulated Motion and its Effects on the Experience of Time. Landeck, Maximilian; Alvarez Igarzábal, Federico; Unruh, Fabian; Habenicht, Hannah; Khoshnoud, Shiva; Wittmann, Marc; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, S. 195. Frontiers, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{landeck3journey, author = {Landeck, Maximilian and Alvarez Igarz{\'a}bal, Federico and Unruh, Fabian and Habenicht, Hannah and Khoshnoud, Shiva and Wittmann, Marc and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, pages = 195, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Journey Through a Virtual Tunnel: Simulated Motion and its Effects on the Experience of Time}, volume = 3, year = 2023 }
• Recommendation of Secure Group Communication Schemes using Multi Objective Optimization. Prantl, Thomas; Bauer, André; Iffländer, Lukas; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In International Journal of Information Security. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{PrBaIfKrKo_IJoIS_SGC_Pareto, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Bauer, André and Iffländer, Lukas and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {International Journal of Information Security}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, title = {Recommendation of Secure Group Communication Schemes using Multi Objective Optimization}, year = 2023 }
• Independent Set in \($k$\)-Claw-Free Graphs: Conditional \($\chi$\)-Boundedness and the Power of LP/SDP Relaxations. Chalermsook, Parinya; Gadekar, Ameet; Khodamoradi, Kamyar; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. International Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA’23). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{chalermsook-etal23:k-claw-free, author = {Chalermsook, Parinya and Gadekar, Ameet and Khodamoradi, Kamyar and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. International Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms (WAOA'23)}, keywords = {graph}, note = {to appear}, title = {Independent Set in $k$-Claw-Free Graphs: Conditional $\chi$-Boundedness and the Power of {LP/SDP} Relaxations}, year = 2023 }
• Optimizing Medical Service Request Processes through Language Modeling and Semantic Search. Schlör, Daniel; Pfister, Jan; Hotho, Andreas. In 2023 the 7th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI), von ICMHI 2023, S. 136–141. Association for Computing Machinery, Kyoto, Japan, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Medical service requests are a crucial part of the workflow in hospitals and healthcare organizations. However, the process of requesting medical services can be time consuming and can require physicians and medical personnel to navigate complex interfaces and enter detailed information about the requested service. In this paper, we propose a system that uses machine learning techniques such as large language models and semantic search to optimize the process of requesting medical services. Our approach enables physicians to request medical services using natural language rather than navigating complex interfaces, allowing for more efficient and flexible interactions with hospital information systems. We evaluate our approach on real-world data and discuss the implications of our work for the future of digital health care. Our results suggest that our approach has the potential to streamline the process of requesting medical services and reduce the time and manual effort required in the daily hospital routine.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3608298.3608324, abstract = {Medical service requests are a crucial part of the workflow in hospitals and healthcare organizations. However, the process of requesting medical services can be time consuming and can require physicians and medical personnel to navigate complex interfaces and enter detailed information about the requested service. In this paper, we propose a system that uses machine learning techniques such as large language models and semantic search to optimize the process of requesting medical services. Our approach enables physicians to request medical services using natural language rather than navigating complex interfaces, allowing for more efficient and flexible interactions with hospital information systems. We evaluate our approach on real-world data and discuss the implications of our work for the future of digital health care. Our results suggest that our approach has the potential to streamline the process of requesting medical services and reduce the time and manual effort required in the daily hospital routine.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Schlör, Daniel and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2023 the 7th International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI)}, keywords = {llm}, pages = {136–141}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICMHI 2023}, title = {Optimizing Medical Service Request Processes through Language Modeling and Semantic Search}, year = 2023 }
• Uplink-based Live Session Model for Stalling Prediction in Video Streaming. Loh, Frank; Pimpinella, Andrea; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Today, video streaming is responsible for about 50 % of all Internet traffic worldwide. To cope with this massive amount of video streaming data, a major concern of network providers is the development of efficient traffic monitoring and management techniques. However, fast and efficient monitoring which leads to intelligent management decisions is becoming highly resource intense and complex, due to the steady increase of the number of streamed videos and the quality of the streamed content. Considering HTTP adaptive streaming applications, we present a simple machine learning free, uplink request based approach to estimate drops in the video playback buffer. These drops are the first indicator leading to quality impairment events like downwards quality changes or stalling. With our approach, instead of analyzing thousands of encrypted packets in the network, we only need to consider one single packet every 5 s - 10 s on average, depending on the video chunk size and independently of the played resolution. Nevertheless, we are able to detect nearly all stalling events or consider a trade-off between stalling detection recall and false positives. Our approach can be implemented completely moving average based, thus not requiring any parameter setup or other expert knowledge. Due to its simplicity, it can be deployed on any access point to collect streaming quality information that is useful for active network management and intelligent resource provisioning but also in a data center to analyze a massive number of parallel video flows

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-16, abstract = {Today, video streaming is responsible for about 50 % of all Internet traffic worldwide. To cope with this massive amount of video streaming data, a major concern of network providers is the development of efficient traffic monitoring and management techniques. However, fast and efficient monitoring which leads to intelligent management decisions is becoming highly resource intense and complex, due to the steady increase of the number of streamed videos and the quality of the streamed content. Considering HTTP adaptive streaming applications, we present a simple machine learning free, uplink request based approach to estimate drops in the video playback buffer. These drops are the first indicator leading to quality impairment events like downwards quality changes or stalling. With our approach, instead of analyzing thousands of encrypted packets in the network, we only need to consider one single packet every 5 s - 10 s on average, depending on the video chunk size and independently of the played resolution. Nevertheless, we are able to detect nearly all stalling events or consider a trade-off between stalling detection recall and false positives. Our approach can be implemented completely moving average based, thus not requiring any parameter setup or other expert knowledge. Due to its simplicity, it can be deployed on any access point to collect streaming quality information that is useful for active network management and intelligent resource provisioning but also in a data center to analyze a massive number of parallel video flows}, author = {Loh, Frank and Pimpinella, Andrea and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {05}, title = {Uplink-based Live Session Model for Stalling Prediction in Video Streaming}, year = 2023 }
• Engineering Surrogate Models for Boid Systems. von Pichowski, Jan; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of ALIFE 2023, S. 102–110. MIT Press, Sapporo, Japan, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{von-Pichowski:2023aa, address = {Sapporo, Japan}, author = {{von Pichowski}, Jan and {von Mammen}, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ALIFE 2023}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = {102-110}, publisher = {MIT Press}, title = {Engineering Surrogate Models for Boid Systems}, year = 2023 }
• Erdbeobachtung der Walddynamik und Biodiversität in Echtzeit. Kounev, Samuel. Highlightvortrag auf der Eröffnungsveranstaltung der wissenschaftlichen Plattform ‚terrabyte’ zur Analyse von Erdbeobachtungsdaten des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) im Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ), Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, Germany, 2023, Juni 18.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{kounev2023erdbeobachtung, address = {Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, Germany}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {06}, publisher = {Highlightvortrag auf der Eröffnungsveranstaltung der wissenschaftlichen Plattform ‚terrabyte’ zur Analyse von Erdbeobachtungsdaten des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) im Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ)}, title = {Erdbeobachtung der Walddynamik und Biodiversität in Echtzeit}, year = 2023 }
• Explainable Data-Driven QoE Modelling using XAI. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Anika; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 15th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Ghent, Belgium, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Data-driven QoE modelling using Machine Learning (ML) allows to reduce the modelling bias and to continuously integrate new QoE results into the QoE model, which can improve its generalizability. The downside is that the majority of ML models are black-box models, which prevent to obtain insights about QoE influence factors and their fundamental relationships that are highly relevant for researchers and providers of services and networks. However, recent advances in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) resolve these issues. Thus, XAI allows to benefit from data-driven QoE modelling to obtain generalizable QoE models, and at the same time to understand what QoE factors are relevant and how they affect the QoE score. In this work, we showcase the feasibility of explainable data-driven QoE modelling for video streaming, since video streaming QoE has been well researched, and thus, allows us to validate our results. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges of deploying XAI for QoE modelling.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-4, abstract = {Data-driven QoE modelling using Machine Learning (ML) allows to reduce the modelling bias and to continuously integrate new QoE results into the QoE model, which can improve its generalizability. The downside is that the majority of ML models are black-box models, which prevent to obtain insights about QoE influence factors and their fundamental relationships that are highly relevant for researchers and providers of services and networks. However, recent advances in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) resolve these issues. Thus, XAI allows to benefit from data-driven QoE modelling to obtain generalizable QoE models, and at the same time to understand what QoE factors are relevant and how they affect the QoE score. In this work, we showcase the feasibility of explainable data-driven QoE modelling for video streaming, since video streaming QoE has been well researched, and thus, allows us to validate our results. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges of deploying XAI for QoE modelling.}, address = {Ghent, Belgium}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Anika and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {15th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {06}, title = {Explainable Data-Driven QoE Modelling using XAI}, year = 2023 }
• Towards Understanding the Signaling Traffic in 5G Core Networks. Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-8, author = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Towards Understanding the Signaling Traffic in 5G Core Networks}, year = 2023 }
• Collision and Energy Efficiency Assessment of LoRaWANs with Cluster-Based Gateway Placement. Loh, Frank; Baur, Carina; Geißler, Stefan; ElBakoury, Hesham; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  LoRaWAN is one of the most prominent low power wide area network technologies. It offers long transmission distances with little energy consumption. The drawback is potential message collision. For that reason, recent literature discusses different alternatives to the currently used random channel access suffering from many message collisions and evaluates improvement possibilities. This is of major interest for network operators to future-proof LoRaWAN quality. One approach to reduce collision probability is cell size management via intelligent gateway placement. For that reason, this work presents an exhaustive study for k-means based clustering to distribute gateways. Different network quality metrics, namely full coverage for all sensors, collision probability, and energy efficiency, are evaluated. Thus, the contribution is a simple and scalable gateway placement approach for LoRaWAN. The performance evaluation shows a trade-off between placed gateways and energy efficiency. Furthermore, with reasonable runtime for large-scale networks, the clustering based approach is a viable solution for future network pre-planning or even final placement.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-18, abstract = {LoRaWAN is one of the most prominent low power wide area network technologies. It offers long transmission distances with little energy consumption. The drawback is potential message collision. For that reason, recent literature discusses different alternatives to the currently used random channel access suffering from many message collisions and evaluates improvement possibilities. This is of major interest for network operators to future-proof LoRaWAN quality. One approach to reduce collision probability is cell size management via intelligent gateway placement. For that reason, this work presents an exhaustive study for k-means based clustering to distribute gateways. Different network quality metrics, namely full coverage for all sensors, collision probability, and energy efficiency, are evaluated. Thus, the contribution is a simple and scalable gateway placement approach for LoRaWAN. The performance evaluation shows a trade-off between placed gateways and energy efficiency. Furthermore, with reasonable runtime for large-scale networks, the clustering based approach is a viable solution for future network pre-planning or even final placement.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Baur, Carina and Geißler, Stefan and ElBakoury, Hesham and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {Collision and Energy Efficiency Assessment of LoRaWANs with Cluster-Based Gateway Placement}, year = 2023 }
• On the Validity of Credit-Based Shaper Delay Guarantees in Decentralized Reservation Protocols. Maile, Lisa; Voitlein, Dominik; Grigorjew, Alexej; Hielscher, Kai-Steffen J.; German, Reinhard. In 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Resource reservation is a fundamental mechanism for ensuring quality of service in time-sensitive networks, which can be decentralized by using reservation protocols. In the Ethernet technology Time-Sensitive Networking, this has been proposed in conjunction with the Credit-Based Shaper. For the reservation, the standards assume a maximum worst-case latency bound at each hop. However, we will show through formal analysis and simulation that these worst-case latency bounds are not safe. To face this, we propose an extension to the current standards to allow the reservation of time-sensitive traffic with reliable latency guarantees. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through simulations of both synthetic and industrial networks. Finally, by providing additional information about neighboring devices, we could further increase the maximum reservable traffic by up to 20% in our test cases.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-5, abstract = {Resource reservation is a fundamental mechanism for ensuring quality of service in time-sensitive networks, which can be decentralized by using reservation protocols. In the Ethernet technology Time-Sensitive Networking, this has been proposed in conjunction with the Credit-Based Shaper. For the reservation, the standards assume a maximum worst-case latency bound at each hop. However, we will show through formal analysis and simulation that these worst-case latency bounds are not safe. To face this, we propose an extension to the current standards to allow the reservation of time-sensitive traffic with reliable latency guarantees. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through simulations of both synthetic and industrial networks. Finally, by providing additional information about neighboring devices, we could further increase the maximum reservable traffic by up to 20% in our test cases.}, author = {Maile, Lisa and Voitlein, Dominik and Grigorjew, Alexej and Hielscher, Kai-Steffen J. and German, Reinhard}, booktitle = {31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {On the Validity of Credit-Based Shaper Delay Guarantees in Decentralized Reservation Protocols}, year = 2023 }
• Understanding the Performance of Different Packet Reception and Timestamping Methods in Linux. Grigorjew, Alexej; Schumann, Lukas Kilian; Diederich, Philip; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In WueWoWAS’23 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This document briefly presents some renowned packet reception techniques for network packets in Linux systems. Further, it compares their performance when measuring packet timestamps with respect to throughput and accuracy. Both software and hardware timestamps are compared, and various parameters are examined, including frame size, link speed, network interface card, and CPU load. The results indicate that hardware timestamping offers significantly better accuracy with no downsides, and that packet reception techniques that avoid system calls offer superior measurement throughput.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-11, abstract = {This document briefly presents some renowned packet reception techniques for network packets in Linux systems. Further, it compares their performance when measuring packet timestamps with respect to throughput and accuracy. Both software and hardware timestamps are compared, and various parameters are examined, including frame size, link speed, network interface card, and CPU load. The results indicate that hardware timestamping offers significantly better accuracy with no downsides, and that packet reception techniques that avoid system calls offer superior measurement throughput.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Schumann, Lukas Kilian and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {WueWoWAS'23 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks}, keywords = {appaware2}, month = {06}, title = {Understanding the Performance of Different Packet Reception and Timestamping Methods in Linux}, year = 2023 }
• Paving the Way for an Energy Efficient and Sustainable Future Internet of Things. Loh, Frank; Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-12, author = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {Paving the Way for an Energy Efficient and Sustainable Future Internet of Things}, year = 2023 }
• INTRODUCING A MULTIMODAL DATASET FOR THE RESEARCH OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS. Bruschke, J.; Kröber, C.; Maiwald, F.; Utescher, R.; Pattee, A. In The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLVIII-M-2-2023, S. 325–331. Copernicus GmbH, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Bruschke_archilabel_2023, author = {Bruschke, J. and Kröber, C. and Maiwald, F. and Utescher, R. and Pattee, A.}, journal = {The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, month = {06}, pages = {325–331}, publisher = {Copernicus GmbH}, title = {INTRODUCING A MULTIMODAL DATASET FOR THE RESEARCH OF ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS}, volume = {XLVIII-M-2-2023}, year = 2023 }
• Exploring Plausibility and Presence in Mixed Reality Experiences. Westermeier, Franziska; Brübach, Larissa; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(5), S. 2680–2689. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Mixed Reality (MR) applications along Milgram's Reality-Virtuality (RV) continuum motivated a number of recent theories on potential constructs and factors describing MR experiences. This paper investigates the impact of incongruencies on the sensation/perception and cognition layers to provoke breaks in plausibility, and the effects these breaks have on spatial and overall presence as prominent constructs of Virtual Reality (VR). We developed a simulated maintenance application to test virtual electrical devices. Participants performed test operations on these devices in a counterbalanced, randomized 2x2 between-subject design in either VR as congruent, or Augmented Reality (AR) as incongruent on the sensation/perception layer. Cognitive incongruency was induced by the absence of traceable power outages, decoupling perceived cause and effect after activating potentially defective devices. Our results indicate significant differences in the plausibility ratings between the VR and AR conditions, hence between congruent/incongruent conditions on the sensation/perception layer. In addition, spatial presence revealed a comparable interaction pattern with the VR vs AR conditions. Both factors decreased for the AR condition (incongruent sensation/perception) compared to VR (congruent sensation/perception) for the congruent cognitive case but increased for the incongruent cognitive case. The results are discussed and put into perspective in the scope of recent theories of MR experiences.

  @article{westermeier2023exploring, abstract = {Mixed Reality (MR) applications along Milgram's Reality-Virtuality (RV) continuum motivated a number of recent theories on potential constructs and factors describing MR experiences. This paper investigates the impact of incongruencies on the sensation/perception and cognition layers to provoke breaks in plausibility, and the effects these breaks have on spatial and overall presence as prominent constructs of Virtual Reality (VR). We developed a simulated maintenance application to test virtual electrical devices. Participants performed test operations on these devices in a counterbalanced, randomized 2x2 between-subject design in either VR as congruent, or Augmented Reality (AR) as incongruent on the sensation/perception layer. Cognitive incongruency was induced by the absence of traceable power outages, decoupling perceived cause and effect after activating potentially defective devices. Our results indicate significant differences in the plausibility ratings between the VR and AR conditions, hence between congruent/incongruent conditions on the sensation/perception layer. In addition, spatial presence revealed a comparable interaction pattern with the VR vs AR conditions. Both factors decreased for the AR condition (incongruent sensation/perception) compared to VR (congruent sensation/perception) for the congruent cognitive case but increased for the incongruent cognitive case. The results are discussed and put into perspective in the scope of recent theories of MR experiences.}, author = {Westermeier, Franziska and Brübach, Larissa and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {05}, note = {IEEE VR Best Paper Nominee 🏆}, number = 5, pages = {2680-2689}, title = {Exploring Plausibility and Presence in Mixed Reality Experiences}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• Zero-Shot Clickbait Spoiling by Rephrasing Titles as Questions. Wangsadirdja, Dirk; Pfister, Jan; Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the The 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2023), S. 1090–1095. Association for Computational Linguistics, Toronto, Canada, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  In this paper, we describe our approach to the clickbait spoiling task of SemEval 2023. The core idea behind our system is to leverage pre-trained models capable of Question Answering (QA) to extract the spoiler from article texts based on the clickbait title without any task-specific training. Since oftentimes, these titles are not phrased as questions, we automatically rephrase the clickbait titles as questions in order to better suit the pretraining task of the QA-capable models. Also, to fit as much relevant context into the model's limited input size as possible, we propose to reorder the sentences by their relevance using a semantic similarity model. Finally, we evaluate QA as well as text generation models (via prompting) to extract the spoiler from the text.Based on the validation data, our final model selects each of these components depending on the spoiler type and achieves satisfactory zero-shot results. The ideas described in this paper can easily be applied in fine-tuning settings.

  @inproceedings{wangsadirdja2023zeroshot, abstract = {In this paper, we describe our approach to the clickbait spoiling task of SemEval 2023. The core idea behind our system is to leverage pre-trained models capable of Question Answering (QA) to extract the spoiler from article texts based on the clickbait title without any task-specific training. Since oftentimes, these titles are not phrased as questions, we automatically rephrase the clickbait titles as questions in order to better suit the pretraining task of the QA-capable models. Also, to fit as much relevant context into the model's limited input size as possible, we propose to reorder the sentences by their relevance using a semantic similarity model. Finally, we evaluate QA as well as text generation models (via prompting) to extract the spoiler from the text.Based on the validation data, our final model selects each of these components depending on the spoiler type and achieves satisfactory zero-shot results. The ideas described in this paper can easily be applied in fine-tuning settings.}, address = {Toronto, Canada}, author = {Wangsadirdja, Dirk and Pfister, Jan and Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the The 17th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2023)}, keywords = {from:janpf}, month = {07}, pages = {1090–1095}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {Zero-Shot Clickbait Spoiling by Rephrasing Titles as Questions}, year = 2023 }
• Moving Down the Stack: Performance Evaluation of Packet Processing Technologies for Stateful Firewalls. Dietz, Katharina; Gray, Nicholas; Wolz, Manuel; Lorenz, Claas; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 34th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). Miami, Florida, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-2, address = {Miami, Florida}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Gray, Nicholas and Wolz, Manuel and Lorenz, Claas and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {34th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {05}, title = {Moving Down the Stack: Performance Evaluation of Packet Processing Technologies for Stateful Firewalls}, year = 2023 }
• Potentials and Limitations of Machine-Learning-supported Network Management for User-centric Communication Networks. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Seufert, Michael. PhD dissertation. University of Wuerzburg, 2023, Mai.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @phdthesis{info3-habilitation-2023-1, author = {Seufert, Michael}, keywords = {myown}, month = {05}, school = {University of Wuerzburg}, title = {Potentials and Limitations of Machine-Learning-supported Network Management for User-centric Communication Networks}, year = 2023 }
• Machine Learning Based Study of QoE Metrics in Twitch. tv Live Streaming. Loh, Frank; Hildebrand, Kathrin; Wamser, Florian; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Video streaming generates most network traffic in today’s Internet. For that reason, video on demand streaming is researched heavily in recent years, and many traffic monitoring mechanisms, flow and stream models, and models to predict the user perceived quality are well established. However, the quickly growing live streaming sector is not considered in these Quality of Experience models and not even the relation between network traffic and playback quality has been studied so far, forming a gap in literature. For that reason, we investigate Twitch.tv streaming as one of the largest live streaming platforms based on a large dataset and investigate the possibility to predict live streaming quality based on uplink request information. We apply approaches that are well studied for on demand streaming to predict quality changes, playback quality, and video interruption events as the most important metrics impairing user perceived quality. In this context, we answer whether these models are suitable for live streaming, if small changes are sufficient for satisfactory prediction results, or if fundamental changes and new models are required.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-17, abstract = {Video streaming generates most network traffic in today’s Internet. For that reason, video on demand streaming is researched heavily in recent years, and many traffic monitoring mechanisms, flow and stream models, and models to predict the user perceived quality are well established. However, the quickly growing live streaming sector is not considered in these Quality of Experience models and not even the relation between network traffic and playback quality has been studied so far, forming a gap in literature. For that reason, we investigate Twitch.tv streaming as one of the largest live streaming platforms based on a large dataset and investigate the possibility to predict live streaming quality based on uplink request information. We apply approaches that are well studied for on demand streaming to predict quality changes, playback quality, and video interruption events as the most important metrics impairing user perceived quality. In this context, we answer whether these models are suitable for live streaming, if small changes are sufficient for satisfactory prediction results, or if fundamental changes and new models are required.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Hildebrand, Kathrin and Wamser, Florian and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {05}, title = {Machine Learning Based Study of QoE Metrics in Twitch. tv Live Streaming}, year = 2023 }
• Body and Time: Virtual Embodiment and its effect on Time Perception. Unruh, Fabian; Vogel, David H.V.; Landeck, Maximilian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), 29(5), S. 2626–2636. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This article explores the effect of one’s body representation on time perception. Time Perception is modulated by a variety of factors including, e.g., the current situation or activity, it can display significant disturbances caused by psychological disorders, and it is influenced by emotional and interoceptive states, i.e., ”the sense of the physiological condition of the body”. We investigated this relation between one’s own body and the perception of time in a novel Virtual Reality (VR) experiment explicitly fostering user activity. 36 participants randomly experienced different degrees of embodiment: i) without an avatar (low), ii) with hands (medium), and iii) with a high quality avatar (high). Participants had to repeatedly activate a virtual lamp and estimate the duration of time intervals as well as judge the passage of time. Our results show a significant effect of embodiment on time perception: time passes slower in the low embodiment condition compared to the medium and high conditions. In contrast to prior work, the study provides missing evidence that this effect is independent of the level of activity of participants: In our task users were prompted to repeatedly perform body actions, thereby ruling-out a potential influence of the level of activity. Importantly, duration judgements in both the millisecond and minute ranges seemed unaffected by variations in embodiment. Taken together, these results lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the body and time.

  @article{unruh2023virtual, abstract = {This article explores the effect of one’s body representation on time perception. Time Perception is modulated by a variety of factors including, e.g., the current situation or activity, it can display significant disturbances caused by psychological disorders, and it is influenced by emotional and interoceptive states, i.e., ”the sense of the physiological condition of the body”. We investigated this relation between one’s own body and the perception of time in a novel Virtual Reality (VR) experiment explicitly fostering user activity. 36 participants randomly experienced different degrees of embodiment: i) without an avatar (low), ii) with hands (medium), and iii) with a high quality avatar (high). Participants had to repeatedly activate a virtual lamp and estimate the duration of time intervals as well as judge the passage of time. Our results show a significant effect of embodiment on time perception: time passes slower in the low embodiment condition compared to the medium and high conditions. In contrast to prior work, the study provides missing evidence that this effect is independent of the level of activity of participants: In our task users were prompted to repeatedly perform body actions, thereby ruling-out a potential influence of the level of activity. Importantly, duration judgements in both the millisecond and minute ranges seemed unaffected by variations in embodiment. Taken together, these results lead to a better understanding of the relationship between the body and time.}, author = {Unruh, Fabian and Vogel, David H.V. and Landeck, Maximilian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, month = {05}, note = {IEEE VR Best Paper Nominee 🏆}, number = 5, pages = {2626 - 2636}, title = {Body and Time: Virtual Embodiment and its effect on Time Perception}, volume = 29, year = 2023 }
• Serverless Computing Revisited: Evolution, State-of-the-Art, and Performance Challenges. Kounev, Samuel. Joint Keynote at ICPE 2023 Workshops: LTB 2023 und FastContinuum 2023, Coimbra, Portugal, 2023, April 16.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{kounev2023serverless, address = {Coimbra, Portugal}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {04}, note = {https://icpe2023.spec.org/workshops/}, publisher = {Joint Keynote at ICPE 2023 Workshops: LTB 2023 und FastContinuum 2023}, title = {Serverless Computing Revisited: Evolution, State-of-the-Art, and Performance Challenges}, year = 2023 }
• Segmentierung und Verlaufskontrolle chronischer Wunden durch künstliche Intelligenz mithilfe einer mobilen App (WUNDERKINT Studie). Borst, Vanessa; Dege, Tassilo; Grän, Franziska; Hamrouni, Sandra; Michel, Daniel; Hager, Valerie; Goebeler, Matthias; Leppich, Robert; Kounev, Samuel; Schmieder, Astrid. In Allergologie. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 21, S. 28–177. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @incollection{borst_ddg23_v2, author = {Borst, Vanessa and Dege, Tassilo and Grän, Franziska and Hamrouni, Sandra and Michel, Daniel and Hager, Valerie and Goebeler, Matthias and Leppich, Robert and Kounev, Samuel and Schmieder, Astrid}, booktitle = {Allergologie. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft}, keywords = {t_poster}, month = {04}, note = {Poster Abstract (No. P322, pp. 175-176)}, number = {S1}, pages = {28-177}, publisher = {John Wiley & Sons Ltd.}, title = {Segmentierung und Verlaufskontrolle chronischer Wunden durch künstliche Intelligenz mithilfe einer mobilen App (WUNDERKINT Studie)}, volume = 21, year = 2023 }
• Record, Review, Edit, Apply: A Motion Data Pipeline for Virtual Reality Development & Design. Hofmann, Sarah; Özdemir, Cem; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. ACM, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Hofmann_2023, author = {Hofmann, Sarah and Özdemir, Cem and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {Record, Review, Edit, Apply: A Motion Data Pipeline for Virtual Reality Development {\&} Design}, year = 2023 }
• Harnessing the Potential of the Metaverse to Counter its Dangers. Wienrich, Carolin; Krauss, Jana; Polifke, Lukas; Horn, Viktoria; Bürger, Arne; Latoschik, Marc-Erich. 2023, April.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{wienrich2023harnessing, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Krauss, Jana and Polifke, Lukas and Horn, Viktoria and Bürger, Arne and Latoschik, Marc-Erich}, howpublished = {Presented at workshop "Combating Toxicity, Harassment, and Abuse in Online Social Spaces: A Workshop at CHI 2023"}, keywords = {jkrauss}, month = {04}, title = {Harnessing the Potential of the Metaverse to Counter its Dangers}, year = 2023 }
• SPEC Research Group Newsletter, Issue 12. Kounev, Samuel; van Hoorn, Andre; Straesser, Martin; Bauer, André. 2023, April.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{SPEC-RG-NEWSLETTER-12, author = {Kounev, Samuel and van Hoorn, Andre and Straesser, Martin and Bauer, Andr{é}}, keywords = {SPEC}, month = {04}, note = {Published by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)}, title = {SPEC Research Group Newsletter, Issue 12}, year = 2023 }
• Want more WANs? Comparison of Traditional and GAN-based Generation of Wide Area Network Topologies via Graph and Performance Metrics. Dietz, Katharina; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2023-5, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {07}, title = {Want more WANs? Comparison of Traditional and GAN-based Generation of Wide Area Network Topologies via Graph and Performance Metrics}, year = 2023 }
• Engineering Surrogate Models for Boid Systems. von Pichowski, Jan; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 2023 Artificial Life Conference, Bd. ALIFE 2023: Ghost in the Machine von Artificial Life Conference Proceedings, S. 102. MIT Press, Sapporo, Japan, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{von-Pichowski:2023ab, address = {Sapporo, Japan}, author = {{von Pichowski}, Jan and {von Mammen}, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 Artificial Life Conference}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = 102, publisher = {MIT Press}, series = {Artificial Life Conference Proceedings}, title = {Engineering Surrogate Models for Boid Systems}, volume = {ALIFE 2023: Ghost in the Machine}, year = 2023 }
• Record, Review, Edit, Apply: A Motion Data Pipeline for Virtual Reality Development {\&}amp\($\mathsemicolon$\) Design. Hofmann, Sarah; Özdemir, Cem; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. ACM, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Hofmann:2023aa, author = {Hofmann, Sarah and {\"O}zdemir, Cem and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {Record, Review, Edit, Apply: A Motion Data Pipeline for Virtual Reality Development {\&}amp$\mathsemicolon$ Design}, year = 2023 }
• Kleinsatellitentechnologien zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen in der Extraterrestrik. Neumann, T.; Borschinsky, E.; Kayal, H.; Männel, J.; Riegler, C. In Proceedings DLRK 2023. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{https://doi.org/10.25967/610211, address = {Bonn}, author = {Neumann, T. and Borschinsky, E. and Kayal, H. and Männel, J. and Riegler, C.}, booktitle = {Proceedings DLRK 2023}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {Kleinsatellitentechnologien zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen in der Extraterrestrik}, year = 2023 }
• Evaluating feature relevance XAI in network intrusion detection. Tritscher, Julian; Wolf, Maximilian; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In The World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI 2023) - to appear. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  As machine learning models become increasingly complex, there is a growing need for explainability to understand and trust the decision-making processes. In the domain of network intrusion detection, post-hoc feature relevance explanations have been widely used to provide insight into the factors driving model decisions. However, recent research has highlighted challenges with these methods when applied to anomaly detection, which can vary in importance and impact depending on the application domain. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of post-hoc feature relevance explanations for network intrusion detection, a critical area for ensuring the security and integrity of computer networks. To gain a deeper understanding of these challenges for the application domain, we quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the popular feature relevance approach SHAP when explaining different network intrusion detection approaches. We conduct experiments to jointly evaluate detection quality and explainability, and explore the impact of replacement data, a commonly overlooked hyperparameter of post-hoc feature relevance approaches. We find that post-hoc XAI can provide high quality explanations, but requires a careful choice of its replacement data as default settings and common choices do not transfer across different detection models. Our study showcases the viability of post-hoc XAI for network intrusion detection systems, but highlights the need for rigorous evaluations of produced explanations.

  @article{tritscher2023evaluating, abstract = {As machine learning models become increasingly complex, there is a growing need for explainability to understand and trust the decision-making processes. In the domain of network intrusion detection, post-hoc feature relevance explanations have been widely used to provide insight into the factors driving model decisions. However, recent research has highlighted challenges with these methods when applied to anomaly detection, which can vary in importance and impact depending on the application domain. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of post-hoc feature relevance explanations for network intrusion detection, a critical area for ensuring the security and integrity of computer networks. To gain a deeper understanding of these challenges for the application domain, we quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the popular feature relevance approach SHAP when explaining different network intrusion detection approaches. We conduct experiments to jointly evaluate detection quality and explainability, and explore the impact of replacement data, a commonly overlooked hyperparameter of post-hoc feature relevance approaches. We find that post-hoc XAI can provide high quality explanations, but requires a careful choice of its replacement data as default settings and common choices do not transfer across different detection models. Our study showcases the viability of post-hoc XAI for network intrusion detection systems, but highlights the need for rigorous evaluations of produced explanations.}, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Wolf, Maximilian and Hotho, Andreas and Schlör, Daniel}, journal = {The World Conference on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI 2023) - to appear}, keywords = {xai}, title = {Evaluating feature relevance XAI in network intrusion detection}, year = 2023 }
• Locating community smells in software development processes using higher-order network centralities. Gote, Christoph; Perri, Vincenzo; Zingg, Christian; Casiraghi, Giona; Arzig, Carsten; von Gernler, Alexander; Schweitzer, Frank; Scholtes, Ingo. In Soc. Netw. Anal. Min., 13(1), S. 129. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/snam/GotePZCAGSS23, author = {Gote, Christoph and Perri, Vincenzo and Zingg, Christian and Casiraghi, Giona and Arzig, Carsten and von Gernler, Alexander and Schweitzer, Frank and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {Soc. Netw. Anal. Min.}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, number = 1, pages = 129, title = {Locating community smells in software development processes using higher-order network centralities.}, volume = 13, year = 2023 }
• Bayesian inference of transition matrices from incomplete graph data with a topological prior. Perri, Vincenzo; Petrovic, Luka V.; Scholtes, Ingo. In EPJ Data Sci., 12(1), S. 48. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/epjds/PerriPS23, author = {Perri, Vincenzo and Petrovic, Luka V. and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {EPJ Data Sci.}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, number = 1, pages = 48, title = {Bayesian inference of transition matrices from incomplete graph data with a topological prior.}, volume = 12, year = 2023 }
• Towards Simulation-Driven Optimization of Container Orchestration Mechanisms. Dittus, Timo; Straesser, Martin; Kounev, Samuel. Oral presentation at 14th Symposium on Software Performance, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2023, November 8.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{dittus2023simdrivenopt, address = {Karlsruhe, Germany}, author = {Dittus, Timo and Straesser, Martin and Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {container_orchestration}, month = 11, note = {https://www.performance-symposium.org/ssp-2023}, publisher = {Oral presentation at 14th Symposium on Software Performance}, title = {Towards Simulation-Driven Optimization of Container Orchestration Mechanisms}, year = 2023 }
• Generating Microservice Applications for Performance Benchmarking. Lubas, Yannik; Straesser, Martin; Kounev, Samuel. Oral presentation at 14th Symposium on Software Performance, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2023, November 7.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{lubas2023generating, address = {Karlsruhe, Germany}, author = {Lubas, Yannik and Straesser, Martin and Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {microservices}, month = 11, note = {https://www.performance-symposium.org/ssp-2023}, publisher = {Oral presentation at 14th Symposium on Software Performance}, title = {Generating Microservice Applications for Performance Benchmarking}, year = 2023 }
• Kleinsatelliten in der Extraterrestrik: Stand, Bedeutung und Perspektiven. Kayal, Hakan; Borschinsky, Erik; Männel, Jonathan; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens. 2023, November.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @presentation{mannel2023, author = {Kayal, Hakan and Borschinsky, Erik and Männel, Jonathan and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens}, booktitle = {Kleinsatellitenkonferenz Berlin 2023}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, title = {Kleinsatelliten in der Extraterrestrik: Stand, Bedeutung und Perspektiven}, year = 2023 }
• De Bello Homomorphico: Investigation of the extensibility of the OpenFHE library with basic mathematical functions by means of common approaches using the example of the CKKS cryptosystem. Prantl, Thomas; Horn, Lukas; Engel, Simon; Iffländer, Lukas; Beierlieb, Lukas; Krupitzer, Christian; Bauer, André; Sakarvadia, Mansi; Foster, Ian; Kounev, Samuel. In International Journal of Information Security. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{PrHoEnIfBeKrBaSaFoKo_IJoIS_SGC_Pareto, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Horn, Lukas and Engel, Simon and Iffl\"ander, Lukas and Beierlieb, Lukas and Krupitzer, Christian and Bauer, Andr\'e and Sakarvadia, Mansi and Foster, Ian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {International Journal of Information Security}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = 11, title = {De Bello Homomorphico: Investigation of the extensibility of the OpenFHE library with basic mathematical functions by means of common approaches using the example of the CKKS cryptosystem}, year = 2023 }
• Time Perception Research in Virtual Reality: Lessons Learned. Landeck, Maximilian; Unruh, Fabian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Mensch und Computer 2023, Mensch und Computer 2023 . Veröffentlicht durch die Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. in P. Fröhlich & V. Cobus (Hrsg.), 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In this article, we present a selection of recent studies from our research group that investigated the relationship between time perception and virtual reality (VR). We focus on the influence of avatar embodiment, visual fidelity, motion perception, and body representation. We summarize findings on the impact of these factors on time perception, discuss lessons learned, and implications for future applications. In a waiting room experiment, the passage of time in VR with an avatar was perceived significantly faster than without an avatar. The passage of time in the real waiting room was not perceived as significantly different from the waiting room in VR with or without an avatar. In an interactive scenario, the absence of a virtual avatar resulted in a significantly slower perceived passage of time compared to the partial and full-body avatar conditions. High and medium embodiment conditions are assumed to be more plausible and to less different from a real experience. A virtual tunnel that induced the illusion of self-motion (vection) appeared to contribute to the perceived passage of time and experience of time. This effect was shown to increase with tunnel speed and the number of tunnel segments. A framework was proposed for the use of virtual zeitgebers along three dimensions (speed, density, synchronicity) to systematically control the experience of time. The body itself, as well as external objects, seem to be addressed by this theory of virtual zeitgebers. Finally, the standardization of the methodology and future research considerations are discussed.

  @inproceedings{landeck2023perception, abstract = {In this article, we present a selection of recent studies from our research group that investigated the relationship between time perception and virtual reality (VR). We focus on the influence of avatar embodiment, visual fidelity, motion perception, and body representation. We summarize findings on the impact of these factors on time perception, discuss lessons learned, and implications for future applications. In a waiting room experiment, the passage of time in VR with an avatar was perceived significantly faster than without an avatar. The passage of time in the real waiting room was not perceived as significantly different from the waiting room in VR with or without an avatar. In an interactive scenario, the absence of a virtual avatar resulted in a significantly slower perceived passage of time compared to the partial and full-body avatar conditions. High and medium embodiment conditions are assumed to be more plausible and to less different from a real experience. A virtual tunnel that induced the illusion of self-motion (vection) appeared to contribute to the perceived passage of time and experience of time. This effect was shown to increase with tunnel speed and the number of tunnel segments. A framework was proposed for the use of virtual zeitgebers along three dimensions (speed, density, synchronicity) to systematically control the experience of time. The body itself, as well as external objects, seem to be addressed by this theory of virtual zeitgebers. Finally, the standardization of the methodology and future research considerations are discussed.}, author = {Landeck, Maximilian and Unruh, Fabian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2023}, edition = {Mensch und Computer 2023}, keywords = {landeck}, month = {09}, organization = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, publisher = {Veröffentlicht durch die Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. in P. Fröhlich & V. Cobus (Hrsg.)}, title = {Time Perception Research in Virtual Reality: Lessons Learned}, type = {workshop band}, year = 2023 }
• Developing a Library of Problem Scenarios for Time-Sensitive and Real-Time Networking. Grigorjew, Alexej; Vomhoff, Viktoria; Geißler, Stefan; Diederich, Philip; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In International Conference on Networked Systems 2023 (NetSys). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The lack of realistic problem instances is one of the major challenges when it comes to evaluating and comparing mechanisms and approaches in the area of real-time networking. To this end, we aim at establishing a library of general as well as use case specific scenarios including different network topologies and traffic streams with the goal of promoting comparability among research works and facilitate the development of innovative approaches. We present our foundational framework for the generation of these synthetic problem instances and call on the community to contribute their experiences and insights.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-15, abstract = {The lack of realistic problem instances is one of the major challenges when it comes to evaluating and comparing mechanisms and approaches in the area of real-time networking. To this end, we aim at establishing a library of general as well as use case specific scenarios including different network topologies and traffic streams with the goal of promoting comparability among research works and facilitate the development of innovative approaches. We present our foundational framework for the generation of these synthetic problem instances and call on the community to contribute their experiences and insights.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Vomhoff, Viktoria and Geißler, Stefan and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {International Conference on Networked Systems 2023 (NetSys)}, keywords = {appaware2}, month = {09}, title = {Developing a Library of Problem Scenarios for Time-Sensitive and Real-Time Networking}, year = 2023 }
• Demystifying User-based Active Learning for Network Monitoring Tasks. Dietz, Katharina; Wehner, Nikolas; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 2nd Workshop on Machine Learning & Networking (MaLeNe) as part of NetSys’23. Potsdam, Germany, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-9, address = {Potsdam, Germany}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Wehner, Nikolas and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {2nd Workshop on Machine Learning & Networking (MaLeNe) as part of NetSys'23}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {09}, title = {Demystifying User-based Active Learning for Network Monitoring Tasks}, year = 2023 }
• Baked Burger Bash: A Serious Virtual Reality Game Informing about the Effects of Acute Cannabinoid Intoxication. Vetter, Anne; Büttner, Johannes; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–4. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper presents Baked Burger Bash, a serious game that aims to enhance a drug prevention program for adolescents using virtual reality (VR). The game is based on a simulation of acute cannabinoid intoxication embedded in an interactive cooking game. The player takes on the role of a food truck chef who needs to serve up the orders of passers-by. Various effects of intoxication make it hard to live up to the customers’ expectations. In this paper, we present the scientific background, insights from formative playtests, and feedback from a drug prevention expert who guided the iterative development.

  @inproceedings{10333198, abstract = {This paper presents Baked Burger Bash, a serious game that aims to enhance a drug prevention program for adolescents using virtual reality (VR). The game is based on a simulation of acute cannabinoid intoxication embedded in an interactive cooking game. The player takes on the role of a food truck chef who needs to serve up the orders of passers-by. Various effects of intoxication make it hard to live up to the customers’ expectations. In this paper, we present the scientific background, insights from formative playtests, and feedback from a drug prevention expert who guided the iterative development.}, author = {Vetter, Anne and Büttner, Johannes and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {08}, pages = {1-4}, title = {Baked Burger Bash: A Serious Virtual Reality Game Informing about the Effects of Acute Cannabinoid Intoxication}, year = 2023 }
• Discrete-Time Analysis of Multi-Component Queuing Networks under Renewal Approximation. Geißler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Hasslinger, Gerhard; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 34th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). Shenzhen, China. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-1, author = {Geißler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Hasslinger, Gerhard and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {34th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). Shenzhen, China}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {Discrete-Time Analysis of Multi-Component Queuing Networks under Renewal Approximation}, year = 2023 }
• Self-Aware Optimization of Adaptation Planning Strategies. Lesch, Veronika; Hadry, Marius; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, 18(3). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In today’s world, circumstances, processes, and requirements for software systems are becoming increasingly complex. In order to operate properly in such dynamic environments, software systems must adapt to these changes, which has led to the research area of Self-Adaptive Systems (SAS). Platooning is one example of adaptive systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems, which is the ability of vehicles to travel with close inter-vehicle distances. This technology leads to an increase in road throughput and safety, which directly addresses the increased infrastructure needs due to increased traffic on the roads. However, the No-Free-Lunch theorem states that the performance of one adaptation planning strategy is not necessarily transferable to other problems. Moreover, especially in the field of SAS, the selection of the most appropriate strategy depends on the current situation of the system. In this paper, we address the problem of self-aware optimization of adaptation planning strategies by designing a framework that includes situation detection, strategy selection, and parameter optimization of the selected strategies. We apply our approach on the case study platooning coordination and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework.

  @article{lesch2022selfaware, abstract = {In today’s world, circumstances, processes, and requirements for software systems are becoming increasingly complex. In order to operate properly in such dynamic environments, software systems must adapt to these changes, which has led to the research area of Self-Adaptive Systems (SAS). Platooning is one example of adaptive systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems, which is the ability of vehicles to travel with close inter-vehicle distances. This technology leads to an increase in road throughput and safety, which directly addresses the increased infrastructure needs due to increased traffic on the roads. However, the No-Free-Lunch theorem states that the performance of one adaptation planning strategy is not necessarily transferable to other problems. Moreover, especially in the field of SAS, the selection of the most appropriate strategy depends on the current situation of the system. In this paper, we address the problem of self-aware optimization of adaptation planning strategies by designing a framework that includes situation detection, strategy selection, and parameter optimization of the selected strategies. We apply our approach on the case study platooning coordination and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework.}, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Hadry, Marius and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems}, keywords = {self-awareness}, month = {09}, number = 3, title = {Self-Aware Optimization of Adaptation Planning Strategies}, volume = 18, year = 2023 }
• Resilience in Time-Sensitive Networking: An Overview and Open Research Directions. Grigorjew, Alexej; Geißler, Stefan; Diederich, Philip; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In 2023 13th International Workshop on Resilient Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) puts stringent requirements on its devices to provide deterministic services over Ethernet-based networks. Resilience is an important attribute for TSN to achieve dependable time-sensitive data transmission. Existing literature on resilience of TSN mostly focuses on a particular subset of TSN mechanisms for resilience analysis. This paper takes an overall systems viewpoint and analyzes the resilience in TSN systems provided by the interaction of multiple mechanisms. It discusses their dependencies, possible faults, and possible mitigations of a selected subset of standards. Thereby, it highlights open challenges for future research directions.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-13, abstract = {Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) puts stringent requirements on its devices to provide deterministic services over Ethernet-based networks. Resilience is an important attribute for TSN to achieve dependable time-sensitive data transmission. Existing literature on resilience of TSN mostly focuses on a particular subset of TSN mechanisms for resilience analysis. This paper takes an overall systems viewpoint and analyzes the resilience in TSN systems provided by the interaction of multiple mechanisms. It discusses their dependencies, possible faults, and possible mitigations of a selected subset of standards. Thereby, it highlights open challenges for future research directions.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Geißler, Stefan and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {2023 13th International Workshop on Resilient Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM)}, keywords = {appaware2}, month = {09}, title = {Resilience in Time-Sensitive Networking: An Overview and Open Research Directions}, year = 2023 }
• Trends und Forschungswünsche in der Extraterrestrik und Ideen für eine nationale Kleinsatellitenmission: Analyse einer Umfrage unter Wissenschaftlern in Deutschland im Rahmen des Satexprojekts. Männel, J.; Borschinsky, E.; Kayal, H.; Neumann, T.; Riegler, C. In Proceedings DLRK 2023. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{https://doi.org/10.25967/610212, address = {Bonn}, author = {Männel, J. and Borschinsky, E. and Kayal, H. and Neumann, T. and Riegler, C.}, booktitle = {Proceedings DLRK 2023}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {Trends und Forschungswünsche in der Extraterrestrik und Ideen für eine nationale Kleinsatellitenmission: Analyse einer Umfrage unter Wissenschaftlern in Deutschland im Rahmen des Satexprojekts}, year = 2023 }
• Accurate Live Visualization of Packet Delays, Inter-Arrival Times, and Burstiness for Real-Time Networks. Grigorjew, Alexej; Geißler, Stefan; Ziegler, Maximilian; Schumann, Lukas Kilian; Diederich, Philip; Hock, David; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In International Conference on Networked Systems 2023 (NetSys). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  In this demonstration, a live delay and traffic volume visualization is presented. It is created with consumer off-the-shelf components, provides sub-microsecond accuracy, and provides sufficient performance for line rate measurements without sampling. The tool can help to accelerate the development and operation of real-time networks.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-14, abstract = {In this demonstration, a live delay and traffic volume visualization is presented. It is created with consumer off-the-shelf components, provides sub-microsecond accuracy, and provides sufficient performance for line rate measurements without sampling. The tool can help to accelerate the development and operation of real-time networks.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Geißler, Stefan and Ziegler, Maximilian and Schumann, Lukas Kilian and Diederich, Philip and Hock, David and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {International Conference on Networked Systems 2023 (NetSys)}, keywords = {kosinu5}, month = {09}, title = {Accurate Live Visualization of Packet Delays, Inter-Arrival Times, and Burstiness for Real-Time Networks}, year = 2023 }
• MVNOCoreSim: A Digital Twin for Virtualized IoT-centric Mobile Core Networks. Geissler, Stefan; Wamser, Florian; Bauer, Wolfgang; Gebert, Steffen; Kounev, Samuel; Hossfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Internet of Things, 10(15), S. 13974–13987. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The rapid growth of connected devices has led to the implementation of IoT-centric platforms designed to provide connectivity for machine-to-machine type communication. Specifically, mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) provide global service for IoT use cases by leveraging roaming in readily deployed physical networks. This global deployment of connected devices poses a significant challenge regarding the operation of centralized core networks with respect to dimensioning, scaling as well as system survivability in case of signaling incidents. Overload control mechanisms for IoT mobile networks offer a proactive solution for mitigating excessive signaling traffic from IoT devices in mobile core networks. However, global scaling and a heterogeneous composition of devices present network operators with additional challenges. To address these challenges, this work presents a detailed, protocol level simulation framework of a real-world IoT MVNO core network. We present both models for the expected IoT signaling load and the processing of signaling messages based on measurements in a live, production environment as well as a dedicated testbed. Finally, we present a case study on various overload mechanisms and identify critical performance characteristics to compare their performance. The results of this study categorize overload control mechanisms and shed light on the necessity for MVNOs to deal with the upcoming IoT traffic by defining appropriate overload control mechanisms in mobile core networks to ensure network survivability under unforeseen conditions.

  @article{geissler2023mvnocoresim, abstract = {The rapid growth of connected devices has led to the implementation of IoT-centric platforms designed to provide connectivity for machine-to-machine type communication. Specifically, mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) provide global service for IoT use cases by leveraging roaming in readily deployed physical networks. This global deployment of connected devices poses a significant challenge regarding the operation of centralized core networks with respect to dimensioning, scaling as well as system survivability in case of signaling incidents. Overload control mechanisms for IoT mobile networks offer a proactive solution for mitigating excessive signaling traffic from IoT devices in mobile core networks. However, global scaling and a heterogeneous composition of devices present network operators with additional challenges. To address these challenges, this work presents a detailed, protocol level simulation framework of a real-world IoT MVNO core network. We present both models for the expected IoT signaling load and the processing of signaling messages based on measurements in a live, production environment as well as a dedicated testbed. Finally, we present a case study on various overload mechanisms and identify critical performance characteristics to compare their performance. The results of this study categorize overload control mechanisms and shed light on the necessity for MVNOs to deal with the upcoming IoT traffic by defining appropriate overload control mechanisms in mobile core networks to ensure network survivability under unforeseen conditions.}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Wamser, Florian and Bauer, Wolfgang and Gebert, Steffen and Kounev, Samuel and Hossfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Internet of Things}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {08}, number = 15, pages = {13974-13987}, title = {MVNOCoreSim: A Digital Twin for Virtualized IoT-centric Mobile Core Networks}, volume = 10, year = 2023 }
• Serverless Computing: What It Is, and What It Is Not?. Kounev, Samuel; Herbst, Nikolas; Abad, Cristina L.; Iosup, Alexandru; Foster, Ian; Shenoy, Prashant; Rana, Omer; Chien, Andrew A. In Commun. ACM, 66(9), S. 80–92. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Dispelling the confusion around serverless computing by capturing its essential and conceptual characteristics.

  @article{10.1145/3587249, abstract = {Dispelling the confusion around serverless computing by capturing its essential and conceptual characteristics.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Kounev, Samuel and Herbst, Nikolas and Abad, Cristina L. and Iosup, Alexandru and Foster, Ian and Shenoy, Prashant and Rana, Omer and Chien, Andrew A.}, journal = {Commun. ACM}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {08}, number = 9, pages = {80–92}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Serverless Computing: What It Is, and What It Is Not?}, volume = 66, year = 2023 }
• Baked Burger Bash: A Serious Virtual Reality Game Informing about the Effects of Acute Cannabinoid Intoxication. Vetter, Anne; Büttner, Johannes; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–4. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper presents Baked Burger Bash, a serious game that aims to enhance a drug prevention program for adolescents using virtual reality (VR). The game is based on a simulation of acute cannabinoid intoxication embedded in an interactive cooking game. The player takes on the role of a food truck chef who needs to serve up the orders of passers-by. Various effects of intoxication make it hard to live up to the customers' expectations. In this paper, we present the scientific background, insights from formative playtests, and feedback from a drug prevention expert who guided the iterative development.

  @inproceedings{Vetter:2023aa, abstract = {This paper presents Baked Burger Bash, a serious game that aims to enhance a drug prevention program for adolescents using virtual reality (VR). The game is based on a simulation of acute cannabinoid intoxication embedded in an interactive cooking game. The player takes on the role of a food truck chef who needs to serve up the orders of passers-by. Various effects of intoxication make it hard to live up to the customers' expectations. In this paper, we present the scientific background, insights from formative playtests, and feedback from a drug prevention expert who guided the iterative development.}, author = {Vetter, Anne and B{\"u}ttner, Johannes and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {08}, pages = {1-4}, title = {Baked Burger Bash: A Serious Virtual Reality Game Informing about the Effects of Acute Cannabinoid Intoxication}, year = 2023 }
• MAILS - Meta AI Literacy Scale: Development and Testing of an AI Literacy Questionnaire Based on Well-Founded Competency Models and Psychological Change- and Meta-Competencies. Carolus, Astrid; Koch, Martin J.; Straka, Samantha; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 1(2), S. 100014. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Valid measurement of AI literacy is important for the selection of personnel, identification of shortages in skill and knowledge, and evaluation of AI literacy interventions. A questionnaire is missing that is deeply grounded in the existing literature on AI literacy, is modularly applicable depending on the goals, and includes further psychological competencies in addition to the typical facets of AIL. This paper presents the development and validation of a questionnaire considering the desiderata described above. We derived items to represent different facets of AI literacy and psychological competencies, such as problem-solving, learning, and emotion regulation in regard to AI. We collected data from 300 German-speaking adults to confirm the factorial structure. The result is the Meta AI Literacy Scale (MAILS) for AI literacy with the facets Use & apply AI, Understand AI, Detect AI, and AI Ethics and the ability to Create AI as a separate construct, and AI Self-efficacy in learning and problem-solving and AI Self-management (i.e., AI persuasion literacy and emotion regulation). This study contributes to the research on AI literacy by providing a measurement instrument relying on profound competency models. Psy­ chological competencies are included particularly important in the context of pervasive change through AI systems.

  @article{carolus2023mails, abstract = {Valid measurement of AI literacy is important for the selection of personnel, identification of shortages in skill and knowledge, and evaluation of AI literacy interventions. A questionnaire is missing that is deeply grounded in the existing literature on AI literacy, is modularly applicable depending on the goals, and includes further psychological competencies in addition to the typical facets of AIL. This paper presents the development and validation of a questionnaire considering the desiderata described above. We derived items to represent different facets of AI literacy and psychological competencies, such as problem-solving, learning, and emotion regulation in regard to AI. We collected data from 300 German-speaking adults to confirm the factorial structure. The result is the Meta AI Literacy Scale (MAILS) for AI literacy with the facets Use & apply AI, Understand AI, Detect AI, and AI Ethics and the ability to Create AI as a separate construct, and AI Self-efficacy in learning and problem-solving and AI Self-management (i.e., AI persuasion literacy and emotion regulation). This study contributes to the research on AI literacy by providing a measurement instrument relying on profound competency models. Psy­ chological competencies are included particularly important in the context of pervasive change through AI systems.}, author = {Carolus, Astrid and Koch, Martin J. and Straka, Samantha and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans}, keywords = {aiatwork}, month = {08}, number = 2, pages = 100014, title = {MAILS - Meta AI Literacy Scale: Development and Testing of an AI Literacy Questionnaire Based on Well-Founded Competency Models and Psychological Change- and Meta-Competencies}, type = {Publication}, volume = 1, year = 2023 }
• femtoPro: virtual-reality interactive training simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory. Brixner, Tobias; Mueller, Stefan; Müller, Andreas; Knote, Andreas; Schnepp, Wilhelm; Truman, Samuel; Vetter, Anne; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Applied Physics B, 129(5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Brixner:2023aa, author = {Brixner, Tobias and Mueller, Stefan and M{\"u}ller, Andreas and Knote, Andreas and Schnepp, Wilhelm and Truman, Samuel and Vetter, Anne and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {Applied Physics B}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, number = 5, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {{femtoPro}: virtual-reality interactive training simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory}, volume = 129, year = 2023 }
• Liquor-HGNN: A heterogeneous graph neural network for leakage detection in water distribution networks. "Schaller, Melanie"; "Steininger, Michael"; "Dulny, Andrzej"; "Schlör, Daniel"; "Hotho, Andreas". In LWDA’23: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen. October 09--11, 2023, Marburg, Germany, M. Leyer (Hrsg.). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{schaller2023liquorhgnn, author = {"Schaller, Melanie" and "Steininger, Michael" and "Dulny, Andrzej" and "Schlör, Daniel" and "Hotho, Andreas"}, editor = {Leyer, M.}, journal = {LWDA'23: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen. October 09–11, 2023, Marburg, Germany}, keywords = {from:manli}, month = {Oktober}, title = {Liquor-HGNN: A heterogeneous graph neural network for leakage detection in water distribution networks}, year = 2023 }
• femtoPro: virtual-reality interactive training simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory. Brixner, Tobias; Mueller, Stefan; Müller, Andreas; Knote, Andreas; Schnepp, Wilhelm; Truman, Samuel; Vetter, Anne; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Applied Physics B, 129(5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Brixner_2023, author = {Brixner, Tobias and Mueller, Stefan and Müller, Andreas and Knote, Andreas and Schnepp, Wilhelm and Truman, Samuel and Vetter, Anne and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {Applied Physics B}, keywords = {simulation}, month = {04}, number = 5, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {{femtoPro}: virtual-reality interactive training simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory}, volume = 129, year = 2023 }
• A Simple Pipeline for Orthogonal Graph Drawing. Hegemann, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’23), Bd. 14466 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Bekos, M. Chimani (Hrsg.), S. 170–186. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{hw-spogd-GD23, author = {Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 31st Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'23)}, editor = {Bekos, Michael and Chimani, Markus}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {170–186}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {A Simple Pipeline for Orthogonal Graph Drawing}, volume = 14466, year = 2023 }
• Programmatic Design and Architecture of an Immersive Laser Laboratory. Müller, Andreas; Müller, Stefan; Brixner, Tobias; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IMET, S. 45–52. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Muller:2023aa, author = {M{\"u}ller, Andreas and M{\"u}ller, Stefan and Brixner, Tobias and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {IMET}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {45–52}, title = {Programmatic Design and Architecture of an Immersive Laser Laboratory.}, year = 2023 }
• DFM4SFM - Dense Feature Matching for Structure from Motion. Seibt, Simon; Von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz; Chang, Thomas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Challenges and Workshops (ICIPCW), S. 1–5. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Structure from motion (SfM) is a fundamental task in computer vision and allows recovering the 3D structure of a stationary scene from an image set. Finding robust and accurate feature matches plays a crucial role in the early stages of SfM. So in this work, we propose a novel method for computing image correspondences based on dense feature matching (DFM) using homographic decomposition: The underlying pipeline provides refinement of existing matches through iterative rematching, detection of occlusions and extrapolation of additional matches in critical image areas between image pairs. Our main contributions are improvements of DFM specifically for SfM, resulting in global refinement and global extrapolation of image correspondences between related views. Furthermore, we propose an iterative version of the Delaunay-triangulation-based outlier detection algorithm for robust processing of repeated image patterns. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method significantlv improves the reconstruction accuracy.

  @inproceedings{10328368, abstract = {Structure from motion (SfM) is a fundamental task in computer vision and allows recovering the 3D structure of a stationary scene from an image set. Finding robust and accurate feature matches plays a crucial role in the early stages of SfM. So in this work, we propose a novel method for computing image correspondences based on dense feature matching (DFM) using homographic decomposition: The underlying pipeline provides refinement of existing matches through iterative rematching, detection of occlusions and extrapolation of additional matches in critical image areas between image pairs. Our main contributions are improvements of DFM specifically for SfM, resulting in global refinement and global extrapolation of image correspondences between related views. Furthermore, we propose an iterative version of the Delaunay-triangulation-based outlier detection algorithm for robust processing of repeated image patterns. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed method significantlv improves the reconstruction accuracy.}, author = {Seibt, Simon and Von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz and Chang, Thomas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing Challenges and Workshops (ICIPCW)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-5}, title = {DFM4SFM - Dense Feature Matching for Structure from Motion}, year = 2023 }
• Ontologically Mapping Learning Objectives and Gameplay Goals. Chetitah, Mounsif; von Mammen, Sebastian. In CoG, S. 1–4. IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/cig/ChetitahM23, author = {Chetitah, Mounsif and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {CoG}, crossref = {conf/cig/2023}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-4}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Ontologically Mapping Learning Objectives and Gameplay Goals.}, year = 2023 }
• Gamification Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Neuropsychology Experiments. Chetitah, Mounsif; Müller, Julian; Deserno, Lorenz; Walttman, Maria; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, S. 1–4. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  Reinforcement learning (RL) is an adaptive process where an agent relies on its experience to improve the outcome of its performance. It learns by taking actions to maximize its rewards, and by minimizing the gap between predicted and received rewards. In experimental neuropsychology, RL algorithms are used as a conceptual basis to account for several aspects of human motivation and cognition. A number of neuropsychological experiments, such as reversal learning, sequential decision-making, and go-no-go tasks, are required to validate the decisive RL algorithms. The experiments are conducted in digital environments and are comprised of numerous trials that lead to participants’ frustration and fatigue. This paper presents a gamification framework for reinforcement-based neuropsychology experiments that aims to increase participant engagement and provide them with appropriate testing environments.

  @inproceedings{chetitah2023gamification, abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) is an adaptive process where an agent relies on its experience to improve the outcome of its performance. It learns by taking actions to maximize its rewards, and by minimizing the gap between predicted and received rewards. In experimental neuropsychology, RL algorithms are used as a conceptual basis to account for several aspects of human motivation and cognition. A number of neuropsychological experiments, such as reversal learning, sequential decision-making, and go-no-go tasks, are required to validate the decisive RL algorithms. The experiments are conducted in digital environments and are comprised of numerous trials that lead to participants’ frustration and fatigue. This paper presents a gamification framework for reinforcement-based neuropsychology experiments that aims to increase participant engagement and provide them with appropriate testing environments.}, author = {Chetitah, Mounsif and Müller, Julian and Deserno, Lorenz and Walttman, Maria and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1–4}, title = {Gamification Framework for Reinforcement Learning-based Neuropsychology Experiments}, year = 2023 }
• Mitigation of Fear Triggers for Image Viewing in Virtual Reality. Hetterich, Amelie; Mammen, Sebastian von; Pohl, Daniel. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (2023), S. 35–36. The Eurographics Association, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Hetterich:2023aa, author = {Hetterich, Amelie and Mammen, Sebastian von and Pohl, Daniel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (2023)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {35–36}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {Mitigation of Fear Triggers for Image Viewing in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• Integrating Julia Code into the Unity Game Engine to Dive into Aquatic Plant Growth. Lewerentz, Anne; Manke, Nico; Schantz, David; Cabral, Juliano Sarmento; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IMET, N. Pelechano, F. Liarokapis, A. Asadipour, D. Rohmer, M. Fairén, J. Moyés (Hrsg.), S. 97–100. Eurographics, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{Lewerentz:2023aa, author = {Lewerentz, Anne and Manke, Nico and Schantz, David and Cabral, Juliano Sarmento and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {IMET}, crossref = {conf/imet/2023}, editor = {Pelechano, Nuria and Liarokapis, Fotis and Asadipour, Ali and Rohmer, Damien and Fair{\'e}n, Marta and Moy{\'e}s, Jordi}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {97-100}, publisher = {Eurographics}, title = {Integrating Julia Code into the Unity Game Engine to Dive into Aquatic Plant Growth.}, year = 2023 }
• A Subjective Quality Assessment of Temporally Reprojected Specular Reflections in Virtual Reality. Mišiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 825–826. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
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  Temporal reprojection is a popular method for mitigating sampling artifacts from a variety of sources. This work investigates it's impact on the subjective quality of specular reflections in Virtual Reality(VR). Our results show that temporal reprojection is highly effective at improving the visual comfort of specular materials, especially at low sample counts. A slightly diminished effect could also be observed in improving the subjective accuracy of the resulting reflection.

  @inproceedings{misiak2023subjective, abstract = {Temporal reprojection is a popular method for mitigating sampling artifacts from a variety of sources. This work investigates it's impact on the subjective quality of specular reflections in Virtual Reality(VR). Our results show that temporal reprojection is highly effective at improving the visual comfort of specular materials, especially at low sample counts. A slightly diminished effect could also be observed in improving the subjective accuracy of the resulting reflection.}, author = {Mišiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {825-826}, title = {A Subjective Quality Assessment of Temporally Reprojected Specular Reflections in Virtual Reality}, year = 2023 }
• The Complexity of Finding Tangles. Firman, Oksana; Kindermann, Philipp; Klemz, Boris; Ravsky, Alexander; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’23), Bd. 13878 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, L. Gąsieniec (Hrsg.), S. 3–17. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{fkkrwz-cotf-SOFSEM23, author = {Firman, Oksana and Kindermann, Philipp and Klemz, Boris and Ravsky, Alexander and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'23)}, editor = {Gąsieniec, Leszek}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {3–17}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {The Complexity of Finding Tangles}, volume = 13878, year = 2023 }
• Parameterized Approaches to Orthogonal Compaction. Didimo, Walter; Gupta, Siddharth; Kindermann, Philipp; Liotta, Giuseppe; Wolff, Alexander; Zehavi, Meirav. In Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’23), Bd. 13878 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, L. Gąsieniec (Hrsg.), S. 111–128. Springer-Verlag, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{dgklwz-paoc-SOFSEM23, author = {Didimo, Walter and Gupta, Siddharth and Kindermann, Philipp and Liotta, Giuseppe and Wolff, Alexander and Zehavi, Meirav}, booktitle = {Proc. 49th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'23)}, editor = {Gąsieniec, Leszek}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {111–128}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Parameterized Approaches to Orthogonal Compaction}, volume = 13878, year = 2023 }
• Modulith: A Game Engine Made for Modding. Götz, Daniel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, von FDG ’23. Association for Computing Machinery, Lisbon, Portugal, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  A modular game engine facilitates development of game technologies and game contents. The latter includes content creation by the player in the form of modding. Based on a requirements analysis to meet the needs of developers, gamers and modders, we present a novel concept for a fully modular game engine. This concept includes a module system, which allows additional code to be loaded at runtime, and various support systems that simplify the use of the engine and the creation of modules. We present a proof-of-concept implementation, underline its fulfillment of the unearthed requirements, and demonstrate its use.

  @inproceedings{Gotz:2023aa, abstract = {A modular game engine facilitates development of game technologies and game contents. The latter includes content creation by the player in the form of modding. Based on a requirements analysis to meet the needs of developers, gamers and modders, we present a novel concept for a fully modular game engine. This concept includes a module system, which allows additional code to be loaded at runtime, and various support systems that simplify the use of the engine and the creation of modules. We present a proof-of-concept implementation, underline its fulfillment of the unearthed requirements, and demonstrate its use.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {G\"{o}tz, Daniel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {FDG '23}, title = {Modulith: A Game Engine Made for Modding}, year = 2023 }
• The Computational Complexity of the ChordLink Model. Kindermann, Philipp; Sauer, Jan; Wolff, Alexander. In Journal of Graph Algorithms & Applications, 27(9), S. 759–767. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In order to visualize well-clustered graphs with many intra-cluster but few inter-cluster edges, hybrid approaches have been proposed. For example, ChordLink draws the clusters as chord diagrams and embeds these into a node-link diagram that represents the overall structure of the clustered graph. The ChordLink approach consists of four steps; node replication, node permutation, node merging, and chord insertion. In this paper, we focus on the optimization problems defined by two of these steps. We show that the decision version of the problem defined by node permutation is NP-complete and present an efficient algorithm for a special case. For chord insertion, we show that it is NP-complete to decide whether a crossing-free placement of the chords exists. Moreover, it is APX-hard to minimize the number of crossings among the chords. Our results answer an open question posed by Angori, Didimo, Montecchiani, Pagliuca, and Tappini, who introduced ChordLink [TVCG 2021].

  @article{ksw-cccm-JGAA23, abstract = {In order to visualize well-clustered graphs with many intra-cluster but few inter-cluster edges, hybrid approaches have been proposed. For example, ChordLink draws the clusters as chord diagrams and embeds these into a node-link diagram that represents the overall structure of the clustered graph. The ChordLink approach consists of four steps; node replication, node permutation, node merging, and chord insertion. In this paper, we focus on the optimization problems defined by two of these steps. We show that the decision version of the problem defined by node permutation is NP-complete and present an efficient algorithm for a special case. For chord insertion, we show that it is NP-complete to decide whether a crossing-free placement of the chords exists. Moreover, it is APX-hard to minimize the number of crossings among the chords. Our results answer an open question posed by Angori, Didimo, Montecchiani, Pagliuca, and Tappini, who introduced ChordLink [TVCG 2021].}, author = {Kindermann, Philipp and Sauer, Jan and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Journal of Graph Algorithms \& Applications}, keywords = {APX-hard}, number = 9, pages = {759–767}, title = {The Computational Complexity of the {ChordLink} Model}, volume = 27, year = 2023 }
• Morphing Planar Graph Drawings Through 3D. Buchin, Kevin; Evans, Will; Frati, Fabrizio; Kostitsyna, Irina; Löffler, Maarten; Ophelders, Tim; Wolff, Alexander. In Computing in Geometry and Topology, 2(1), S. 5:1–5:18. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  In this paper, we investigate crossing-free 3D morphs between planar straight-line drawings. We show that, for any two (not necessarily topologically equivalent) planar straight-line drawings of an \($n$\)-vertex planar graph, there exists a piecewise-linear crossing-free 3D morph with \($O(n^2)$\) steps that transforms one drawing into the other. We also give some evidence why it is difficult to obtain a linear lower bound (which exists in 2D) for the number of steps of a crossing-free 3D morph.

  @article{befklow-mpgdt3d-CGT23, abstract = {In this paper, we investigate crossing-free 3D morphs between planar straight-line drawings. We show that, for any two (not necessarily topologically equivalent) planar straight-line drawings of an $n$-vertex planar graph, there exists a piecewise-linear crossing-free 3D morph with $O(n^2)$ steps that transforms one drawing into the other. We also give some evidence why it is difficult to obtain a linear lower bound (which exists in 2D) for the number of steps of a crossing-free 3D morph.}, author = {Buchin, Kevin and Evans, Will and Frati, Fabrizio and Kostitsyna, Irina and Löffler, Maarten and Ophelders, Tim and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computing in Geometry and Topology}, keywords = {morphing}, number = 1, pages = {5:1–5:18}, title = {Morphing Planar Graph Drawings Through {3D}}, volume = 2, year = 2023 }
• Parameterized Approximation Schemes for Clustering with General Norm Objectives. Abbasi, Fateme; Banerjee, Sandip; Byrka, Jaroslaw; Chalermsook, Parinya; Gadekar, Ameet; Khodamoradi, Kamyar; Marx, Daniel; Sharma, Roohani; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 64th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS’23). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{abbasi-etal23:epas-norm-clustering, author = {Abbasi, Fateme and Banerjee, Sandip and Byrka, Jaroslaw and Chalermsook, Parinya and Gadekar, Ameet and Khodamoradi, Kamyar and Marx, Daniel and Sharma, Roohani and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 64th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS'23)}, keywords = {key}, note = {to appear}, title = {Parameterized Approximation Schemes for Clustering with General Norm Objectives}, year = 2023 }
• ConvMOS: climate model output statistics with deep learning. Steininger, Michael; Abel, Daniel; Ziegler, Katrin; Krause, Anna; Paeth, Heiko; Hotho, Andreas. In Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 37(1), S. 136–166. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Climate models are the tool of choice for scientists researching climate change. Like all models they suffer from errors, particularly systematic and location-specific representation errors. One way to reduce these errors is model output statistics (MOS) where the model output is fitted to observational data with machine learning. In this work, we assess the use of convolutional Deep Learning climate MOS approaches and present the ConvMOS architecture which is specifically designed based on the observation that there are systematic and location-specific errors in the precipitation estimates of climate models. We apply ConvMOS models to the simulated precipitation of the regional climate model REMO, showing that a combination of per-location model parameters for reducing location-specific errors and global model parameters for reducing systematic errors is indeed beneficial for MOS performance. We find that ConvMOS models can reduce errors considerably and perform significantly better than three commonly used MOS approaches and plain ResNet and U-Net models in most cases. Our results show that non-linear MOS models underestimate the number of extreme precipitation events, which we alleviate by training models specialized towards extreme precipitation events with the imbalanced regression method DenseLoss. While we consider climate MOS, we argue that aspects of ConvMOS may also be beneficial in other domains with geospatial data, such as air pollution modeling or weather forecasts.

  @article{steininger2023convmos, abstract = {Climate models are the tool of choice for scientists researching climate change. Like all models they suffer from errors, particularly systematic and location-specific representation errors. One way to reduce these errors is model output statistics (MOS) where the model output is fitted to observational data with machine learning. In this work, we assess the use of convolutional Deep Learning climate MOS approaches and present the ConvMOS architecture which is specifically designed based on the observation that there are systematic and location-specific errors in the precipitation estimates of climate models. We apply ConvMOS models to the simulated precipitation of the regional climate model REMO, showing that a combination of per-location model parameters for reducing location-specific errors and global model parameters for reducing systematic errors is indeed beneficial for MOS performance. We find that ConvMOS models can reduce errors considerably and perform significantly better than three commonly used MOS approaches and plain ResNet and U-Net models in most cases. Our results show that non-linear MOS models underestimate the number of extreme precipitation events, which we alleviate by training models specialized towards extreme precipitation events with the imbalanced regression method DenseLoss. While we consider climate MOS, we argue that aspects of ConvMOS may also be beneficial in other domains with geospatial data, such as air pollution modeling or weather forecasts.}, author = {Steininger, Michael and Abel, Daniel and Ziegler, Katrin and Krause, Anna and Paeth, Heiko and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, keywords = {selected}, number = 1, pages = {136–166}, title = {ConvMOS: climate model output statistics with deep learning}, volume = 37, year = 2023 }
• Kubernetes-in-the-Loop: Enriching Microservice Simulation Through Authentic Container Orchestration. Straesser, Martin; Haas, Patrick; Frank, Sebastian; Hakamian, Alireza; Van Hoorn, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Microservices deployed and managed by container orchestration frameworks like Kubernetes are the bases of modern cloud applications. In microservice performance modeling and prediction, simulations provide a lightweight alternative to experimental analysis, which requires dedicated infrastructure and a laborious setup. However, existing simulators cannot run realistic scenarios, as performance-critical orchestration mechanisms (like scheduling or autoscaling) are manually modeled and can consequently not be represented in their full complexity and configuration space. This work combines a state-of-the-art simulation for microservice performance with Kubernetes container orchestration. Hereby, we include the original implementation of Kubernetes artifacts enabling realistic scenarios and testing of orchestration policies with low overhead. In two experiments with Kubernetes' kube-scheduler and cluster-autoscaler, we demonstrate that our framework can correctly handle different configurations of these orchestration mechanisms boosting both the simulation's use cases and authenticity.

  @inproceedings{straesser2023kubernetesintheloop, abstract = {Microservices deployed and managed by container orchestration frameworks like Kubernetes are the bases of modern cloud applications. In microservice performance modeling and prediction, simulations provide a lightweight alternative to experimental analysis, which requires dedicated infrastructure and a laborious setup. However, existing simulators cannot run realistic scenarios, as performance-critical orchestration mechanisms (like scheduling or autoscaling) are manually modeled and can consequently not be represented in their full complexity and configuration space. This work combines a state-of-the-art simulation for microservice performance with Kubernetes container orchestration. Hereby, we include the original implementation of Kubernetes artifacts enabling realistic scenarios and testing of orchestration policies with low overhead. In two experiments with Kubernetes' kube-scheduler and cluster-autoscaler, we demonstrate that our framework can correctly handle different configurations of these orchestration mechanisms boosting both the simulation's use cases and authenticity.}, author = {Straesser, Martin and Haas, Patrick and Frank, Sebastian and Hakamian, Alireza and Van Hoorn, André and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, keywords = {discrete_event_simulation}, note = {In print.}, title = {Kubernetes-in-the-Loop: Enriching Microservice Simulation Through Authentic Container Orchestration}, year = 2023 }
• Towards a Computational Analysis of Suspense: Detecting Dangerous Situations. Zehe, Albin; Schröter, Julian; Hotho, Andreas. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Suspense is an important tool in storytelling to keep readers engaged and wanting to read more. However, it has so far not been studied extensively in Computational Literary Studies. In this paper, we focus on one of the elements authors can use to build up suspense: dangerous situations. We introduce a corpus of texts annotated with dangerous situations, distinguishing between 7 types of danger. Additionally, we annotate parts of the text that describe fear experienced by a character, regardless of the actual presence of danger. We present experiments towards the automatic detection of these situations, finding that unsupervised baseline methods can provide valuable signals for the detection, but more complex methods are necessary for further analysis. Not unexpectedly, the description of danger and fear often relies heavily on the context, both local (e.g., situations where danger is only mentioned, but not actually present) and global (e.g., "storm" being used in a literal sense in an adventure novel, but metaphorically in a romance novel).

  @misc{zehe2023towards, abstract = {Suspense is an important tool in storytelling to keep readers engaged and wanting to read more. However, it has so far not been studied extensively in Computational Literary Studies. In this paper, we focus on one of the elements authors can use to build up suspense: dangerous situations. We introduce a corpus of texts annotated with dangerous situations, distinguishing between 7 types of danger. Additionally, we annotate parts of the text that describe fear experienced by a character, regardless of the actual presence of danger. We present experiments towards the automatic detection of these situations, finding that unsupervised baseline methods can provide valuable signals for the detection, but more complex methods are necessary for further analysis. Not unexpectedly, the description of danger and fear often relies heavily on the context, both local (e.g., situations where danger is only mentioned, but not actually present) and global (e.g., "storm" being used in a literal sense in an adventure novel, but metaphorically in a romance novel).}, author = {Zehe, Albin and Schröter, Julian and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {suspense}, note = {cite arxiv:2305.06818 Comment: 4 pages + references & appendix; work in progress}, title = {Towards a Computational Analysis of Suspense: Detecting Dangerous Situations}, year = 2023 }
• CapsKG: Enabling Continual Knowledge Integration in Language Models for Automatic Knowledge Graph Completion. Omeliyanenko, Janna; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas; Schlör, Daniel. In International Semantic Web Conference ISWC 2023, to appear. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Automated completion of knowledge graphs is a popular topic in the Semantic Web community that aims to automatically and continuously integrate new appearing knowledge into knowledge graphs using artificial intelligence. Recently, approaches that leverage implicit knowledge from language models for this task have shown promising re- sults. However, by fine-tuning language models directly to the domain of knowledge graphs, models forget their original language representation and associated knowledge. An existing solution to address this issue is a trainable adapter, which is integrated into a frozen language model to extract the relevant knowledge without altering the model itself. How- ever, this constrains the generalizability to the specific extraction task and by design requires new and independent adapters to be trained for new knowledge extraction tasks. This effectively prevents the model from benefiting from existing knowledge incorporated in previously trained adapters. In this paper, we propose to combine the benefits of adapters for knowl- edge graph completion with the idea of integrating capsules, introduced in the field of continual learning. This allows the continuous integra- tion of knowledge into a joint model by sharing and reusing previously trained capsules. We find that our approach outperforms solutions using traditional adapters, while requiring notably fewer parameters for con- tinuous knowledge integration. Moreover, we show that this architecture benefits significantly from knowledge sharing in low-resource situations, outperforming adapter-based models on the task of link prediction.

  @article{omeliyanenko2023capskg, abstract = {Automated completion of knowledge graphs is a popular topic in the Semantic Web community that aims to automatically and continuously integrate new appearing knowledge into knowledge graphs using artificial intelligence. Recently, approaches that leverage implicit knowledge from language models for this task have shown promising re- sults. However, by fine-tuning language models directly to the domain of knowledge graphs, models forget their original language representation and associated knowledge. An existing solution to address this issue is a trainable adapter, which is integrated into a frozen language model to extract the relevant knowledge without altering the model itself. How- ever, this constrains the generalizability to the specific extraction task and by design requires new and independent adapters to be trained for new knowledge extraction tasks. This effectively prevents the model from benefiting from existing knowledge incorporated in previously trained adapters. In this paper, we propose to combine the benefits of adapters for knowl- edge graph completion with the idea of integrating capsules, introduced in the field of continual learning. This allows the continuous integra- tion of knowledge into a joint model by sharing and reusing previously trained capsules. We find that our approach outperforms solutions using traditional adapters, while requiring notably fewer parameters for con- tinuous knowledge integration. Moreover, we show that this architecture benefits significantly from knowledge sharing in low-resource situations, outperforming adapter-based models on the task of link prediction.}, author = {Omeliyanenko, Janna and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas and Schlör, Daniel}, journal = {International Semantic Web Conference ISWC 2023, to appear}, keywords = {graph}, title = {CapsKG: Enabling Continual Knowledge Integration in Language Models for Automatic Knowledge Graph Completion}, year = 2023 }
• Automatic Speech Detection on a Smart Beehive’s Raspberry Pi. Janetzky, Pascal; Lissmann, Philipp; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In LWDA 2023 - Learning, Knowledge, Data, and Analysis (accepted). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{janetzky2023automatic, author = {Janetzky, Pascal and Lissmann, Philipp and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, booktitle = {LWDA 2023 - Learning, Knowledge, Data, and Analysis (accepted)}, keywords = {from:martinr}, title = {Automatic Speech Detection on a Smart Beehive's Raspberry Pi}, year = 2023 }
• Swarming Detection in Smart Beehives Using Auto Encoders for Audio Data. Janetzky, Pascal; Schaller, Melanie; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In 2023 30th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), S. 1–5. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  —Swarming is the natural mechanism by which bee colonies reproduce, but for beekeepers it is a challenge. Precision beekeeping can aid their work through early notifications about impending swarms. In this work, we focus on identifying swarms and their early indicators in audio data captured from a smart beehive. The challenge with such domain-specific data is the low availability of labelled samples, the strong label imbalance, and the recording of undesired sources. We approach this challenge through a two-step setup: First, we use an auto encoder network to detect sounds from mechanical sources and then use it to clean data. Secondly, on the cleaned data we then employ a second network to identify event-related bee sounds. Using spectrogram features, our networks are able to reach a balanced accuracy score of more than 99 % in the detection of special bee events. The findings of this initial study can serve as the starting point for further research on handling imbalanced data collections from smart, remote sensor environments that also contain undesired signals.

  @inproceedings{janetzky2023swarming, abstract = {—Swarming is the natural mechanism by which bee colonies reproduce, but for beekeepers it is a challenge. Precision beekeeping can aid their work through early notifications about impending swarms. In this work, we focus on identifying swarms and their early indicators in audio data captured from a smart beehive. The challenge with such domain-specific data is the low availability of labelled samples, the strong label imbalance, and the recording of undesired sources. We approach this challenge through a two-step setup: First, we use an auto encoder network to detect sounds from mechanical sources and then use it to clean data. Secondly, on the cleaned data we then employ a second network to identify event-related bee sounds. Using spectrogram features, our networks are able to reach a balanced accuracy score of more than 99 % in the detection of special bee events. The findings of this initial study can serve as the starting point for further research on handling imbalanced data collections from smart, remote sensor environments that also contain undesired signals.}, author = {Janetzky, Pascal and Schaller, Melanie and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2023 30th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)}, keywords = {from:jascal_panetzky}, pages = {1-5}, title = {Swarming Detection in Smart Beehives Using Auto Encoders for Audio Data}, year = 2023 }
• Motion Learning Toolbox – A Python library for preprocessing of XR motion tracking data for machine learning applications. Rack, Christian; Schach, Lukas; Latoschik, Marc. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  The Motion Learning Toolbox is a Python library designed to facilitate the preprocessing of motion tracking data in extended reality (XR) setups. It's particularly useful for researchers and engineers wanting to use XR tracking data as input for machine learning models. Originally developed for academic research targeting the identification of XR users by their motions, this toolbox includes a variety of data encoding methods that enhance machine learning model performance.

  @misc{rack2023motionlearningtoolbox, abstract = {The Motion Learning Toolbox is a Python library designed to facilitate the preprocessing of motion tracking data in extended reality (XR) setups. It's particularly useful for researchers and engineers wanting to use XR tracking data as input for machine learning models. Originally developed for academic research targeting the identification of XR users by their motions, this toolbox includes a variety of data encoding methods that enhance machine learning model performance.}, author = {Rack, Christian and Schach, Lukas and Latoschik, Marc}, howpublished = {GitHub Repository}, keywords = {schell}, title = {Motion Learning Toolbox – A Python library for preprocessing of XR motion tracking data for machine learning applications}, year = 2023 }
• Higher-Order Patterns Reveal Causal Timescales of Complex Systems. Petrovic, Luka V.; Wegner, Anatol E.; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2301.11623. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2301-11623, author = {Petrovic, Luka V. and Wegner, Anatol E. and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Higher-Order Patterns Reveal Causal Timescales of Complex Systems.}, volume = {abs/2301.11623}, year = 2023 }
• SONATE-2 – Using Artificial Intelligence for In-Orbit Image Processing and Anomaly Detection. Greiner, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Schwarz, Tobias. In 14th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation. Berlin, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{greiner2023sonate2, address = {Berlin}, author = {Greiner, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {14th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation}, keywords = {myown}, title = {SONATE-2 – Using Artificial Intelligence for In-Orbit Image Processing and Anomaly Detection}, year = 2023 }
• Searching for the Ground Truth: Assessing the Similarity of Benchmarking Runs. Bauer, André; Straesser, Martin; Leznik, Mark; Beierlieb, Lukas; Hadry, Marius; Hudson, Nathaniel; Chard, Kyle; Kounev, Samuel; Foster, Ian. In Companion of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’23 Companion, S. 95–99. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Stable and repeatable measurements are essential for comparing the performance of different systems or applications, and benchmarks are used to ensure accuracy and replication. However, if the corresponding measurements are not stable and repeatable, wrong conclusions can be drawn. To facilitate the task of determining whether the measurements are similar, we used a data set of 586 micro-benchmarks to (i) analyze the data set itself, (ii) examine our previous approach, and (iii) propose and evaluate a heuristic. To evaluate the different approaches, we perform a peer review to assess the dissimilarity of the benchmark runs. Our results show that this task is challenging even for humans and that our heuristic exhibits a sensitivity of 92%.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3578245.3584693, abstract = {Stable and repeatable measurements are essential for comparing the performance of different systems or applications, and benchmarks are used to ensure accuracy and replication. However, if the corresponding measurements are not stable and repeatable, wrong conclusions can be drawn. To facilitate the task of determining whether the measurements are similar, we used a data set of 586 micro-benchmarks to (i) analyze the data set itself, (ii) examine our previous approach, and (iii) propose and evaluate a heuristic. To evaluate the different approaches, we perform a peer review to assess the dissimilarity of the benchmark runs. Our results show that this task is challenging even for humans and that our heuristic exhibits a sensitivity of 92%.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Straesser, Martin and Leznik, Mark and Beierlieb, Lukas and Hadry, Marius and Hudson, Nathaniel and Chard, Kyle and Kounev, Samuel and Foster, Ian}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2023 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {distance_measures}, pages = {95–99}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '23 Companion}, title = {Searching for the Ground Truth: Assessing the Similarity of Benchmarking Runs}, year = 2023 }
• Virtual-to-Physical Surface Alignment and Refinement Techniques for Handwriting, Sketching, and Selection in XR. Kern, Florian; Tschanter, Jonathan; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 502–506. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The alignment of virtual to physical surfaces is essential to improve symbolic input and selection in XR. Previous techniques optimized for efficiency can lead to inaccuracies. We investigate regression-based refinement techniques and introduce a surface accuracy eval-uation. The results revealed that refinement techniques can highly improve surface accuracy and show that accuracy depends on the gesture shape and surface dimension. Our reference implementation and dataset are publicly available.

  @inproceedings{10108564, abstract = {The alignment of virtual to physical surfaces is essential to improve symbolic input and selection in XR. Previous techniques optimized for efficiency can lead to inaccuracies. We investigate regression-based refinement techniques and introduce a surface accuracy eval-uation. The results revealed that refinement techniques can highly improve surface accuracy and show that accuracy depends on the gesture shape and surface dimension. Our reference implementation and dataset are publicly available.}, author = {Kern, Florian and Tschanter, Jonathan and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {vilearn}, month = {03}, pages = {502-506}, title = {Virtual-to-Physical Surface Alignment and Refinement Techniques for Handwriting, Sketching, and Selection in XR}, year = 2023 }
• Visualizing Geophylogenies - Internal and External Labeling with Phylogenetic Tree Constraints. Klawitter, Jonathan; Klesen, Felix; Scholl, Joris Y.; van Dijk, Thomas C.; Zaft, Alexander. In Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Geographic Information Science (GIScience’23), Bd. 277 von LIPIcs, R. Beecham, J. A. Long, D. Smith, Q. Zhao, S. Wise (Hrsg.), S. 5:1–5:16. Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{kksdz-vgielwptc-GIScience23, author = {Klawitter, Jonathan and Klesen, Felix and Scholl, Joris Y. and van Dijk, Thomas C. and Zaft, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 12th Int. Conf. on Geographic Information Science (GIScience'23)}, editor = {Beecham, Roger and Long, Jed A. and Smith, Dianna and Zhao, Qunshan and Wise, Sarah}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {5:1–5:16}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Visualizing Geophylogenies - Internal and External Labeling with Phylogenetic Tree Constraints}, volume = 277, year = 2023 }
• Feature relevance XAI in anomaly detection: Reviewing approaches and challenges. Tritscher, Julian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  With complexity of artificial intelligence systems increasing continuously in past years, studies to explain these complex systems have grown in popularity. While much work has focused on explaining artificial intelligence systems in popular domains such as classification and regression, explanations in the area of anomaly detection have only recently received increasing attention from researchers. In particular, explaining singular model decisions of a complex anomaly detector by highlighting which inputs were responsible for a decision, commonly referred to as local post-hoc feature relevance, has lately been studied by several authors. In this paper, we systematically structure these works based on their access to training data and the anomaly detection model, and provide a detailed overview of their operation in the anomaly detection domain. We demonstrate their performance and highlight their limitations in multiple experimental showcases, discussing current challenges and opportunities for future work in feature relevance XAI for anomaly detection.

  @article{tritscher2023feature, abstract = {With complexity of artificial intelligence systems increasing continuously in past years, studies to explain these complex systems have grown in popularity. While much work has focused on explaining artificial intelligence systems in popular domains such as classification and regression, explanations in the area of anomaly detection have only recently received increasing attention from researchers. In particular, explaining singular model decisions of a complex anomaly detector by highlighting which inputs were responsible for a decision, commonly referred to as local post-hoc feature relevance, has lately been studied by several authors. In this paper, we systematically structure these works based on their access to training data and the anomaly detection model, and provide a detailed overview of their operation in the anomaly detection domain. We demonstrate their performance and highlight their limitations in multiple experimental showcases, discussing current challenges and opportunities for future work in feature relevance XAI for anomaly detection.}, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, keywords = {xai}, month = {02}, title = {Feature relevance XAI in anomaly detection: Reviewing approaches and challenges}, volume = 6, year = 2023 }
• Optimizing storage assignment, order picking, and their interaction in mezzanine warehouses. Lesch, Veronika; Müller, Patrick B.M.; Krämer, Moritz; Hadry, Marius; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In Applied intelligence, S. 25. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{lesch2023optimizing, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Müller, Patrick B.M. and Krämer, Moritz and Hadry, Marius and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, journal = {Applied intelligence}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {02}, pages = 25, title = {Optimizing storage assignment, order picking, and their interaction in mezzanine warehouses}, year = 2023 }
• Efficient graph-based gateway placement for large-scale LoRaWAN deployments. Loh, Frank; Mehling, Noah; Geißler, Stefan. In Computer Communications, 204, S. 11–23. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Low Power Wide Area Networks with Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) as one of their most prominent representatives are promising solutions for future Internet of Things deployments. The technology is characterized by low energy requirements leading to long battery lifetimes. However, the drawbacks are limited throughput rates and the unreliable nature of the LoRa technology. Specifically its random channel access approach leads to significant message collisions and thus, data loss in larger deployments. From a network planning point of view, the reduction of potentially colliding messages at the frequency bands in combination with limiting the transmission duration of messages is a promising approach. For that reason, we present a novel graph-based gateway placement approach. We show that our approach performs similar to state-of-the-art related work in the worst case and reduces the required number of gateways by up to 40% while reducing the collision probability by up to 70%. Furthermore, we overcome the challenge of scalability of our approach when placing gateways in very large networks. By splitting the problem into smaller problem instances by pre-clustering, we can solve arbitrarily large instances efficiently without a significant increase in number of required gateways in real networks.

  @article{info3-article-2023-6, abstract = {Low Power Wide Area Networks with Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) as one of their most prominent representatives are promising solutions for future Internet of Things deployments. The technology is characterized by low energy requirements leading to long battery lifetimes. However, the drawbacks are limited throughput rates and the unreliable nature of the LoRa technology. Specifically its random channel access approach leads to significant message collisions and thus, data loss in larger deployments. From a network planning point of view, the reduction of potentially colliding messages at the frequency bands in combination with limiting the transmission duration of messages is a promising approach. For that reason, we present a novel graph-based gateway placement approach. We show that our approach performs similar to state-of-the-art related work in the worst case and reduces the required number of gateways by up to 40% while reducing the collision probability by up to 70%. Furthermore, we overcome the challenge of scalability of our approach when placing gateways in very large networks. By splitting the problem into smaller problem instances by pre-clustering, we can solve arbitrarily large instances efficiently without a significant increase in number of required gateways in real networks.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Geißler, Stefan}, journal = {Computer Communications}, keywords = {myown}, month = {02}, pages = {11-23}, title = {Efficient graph-based gateway placement for large-scale LoRaWAN deployments}, volume = 204, year = 2023 }
• Versatile User Identification in Extended Reality using Pretrained Similarity-Learning. Rack, Christian; Kobs, Konstantin; Fernando, Tamara; Hotho, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. S. arXiv:2302.07517. 2023, Februar.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In this paper, we combine the strengths of distance-based and classification-based approaches for the task of identifying extended reality users by their movements. For this we explore an embedding-based model that leverages deep metric learning. We train the model on a dataset of users playing the VR game "Half-Life: Alyx" and conduct multiple experiments and analyses using a state of the art classification-based model as baseline. The results show that the embedding-based method 1) is able to identify new users from non-specific movements using only a few minutes of enrollment data, 2) can enroll new users within seconds, while retraining the baseline approach takes almost a day, 3) is more reliable than the baseline approach when only little enrollment data is available, 4) can be used to identify new users from another dataset recorded with different VR devices. Altogether, our solution is a foundation for easily extensible XR user identification systems, applicable to a wide range of user motions. It also paves the way for production-ready models that could be used by XR practitioners without the requirements of expertise, hardware, or data for training deep learning models.

  @preprint{2023arXiv230207517S, abstract = {In this paper, we combine the strengths of distance-based and classification-based approaches for the task of identifying extended reality users by their movements. For this we explore an embedding-based model that leverages deep metric learning. We train the model on a dataset of users playing the VR game "Half-Life: Alyx" and conduct multiple experiments and analyses using a state of the art classification-based model as baseline. The results show that the embedding-based method 1) is able to identify new users from non-specific movements using only a few minutes of enrollment data, 2) can enroll new users within seconds, while retraining the baseline approach takes almost a day, 3) is more reliable than the baseline approach when only little enrollment data is available, 4) can be used to identify new users from another dataset recorded with different VR devices. Altogether, our solution is a foundation for easily extensible XR user identification systems, applicable to a wide range of user motions. It also paves the way for production-ready models that could be used by XR practitioners without the requirements of expertise, hardware, or data for training deep learning models.}, author = {Rack, Christian and Kobs, Konstantin and Fernando, Tamara and Hotho, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {arXiv}, keywords = {schell}, month = {02}, pages = {arXiv:2302.07517}, title = {Versatile User Identification in Extended Reality using Pretrained Similarity-Learning}, year = 2023 }
• Traffic-Adaptive Scheme for SDN Control Plane with Containerized Architecture. AnhKhoa, Dang; TrungKiem, Nguyen; TrungKien, Nguyen; NgocTuan, Nguyen; Huu Thanh, Nguyen. In 2023 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM). 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is gaining attention for its flexibility in programmability. It enhances network configuration and provides global visibility for administrators via a single interface. However, the centralized nature of SDN exposes many issues in scalability and resiliency. In this paper, with the advent of cloud computing, we present a containerized architecture capable of fast scaling up and down based on traffic load for SDN control plane. With our novel traffic-adaptive algorithm, the results show that the proposed system is able to fit performance with high incoming new-flow requests and scale down underused controllers for resource efficiency.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-3, abstract = {Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is gaining attention for its flexibility in programmability. It enhances network configuration and provides global visibility for administrators via a single interface. However, the centralized nature of SDN exposes many issues in scalability and resiliency. In this paper, with the advent of cloud computing, we present a containerized architecture capable of fast scaling up and down based on traffic load for SDN control plane. With our novel traffic-adaptive algorithm, the results show that the proposed system is able to fit performance with high incoming new-flow requests and scale down underused controllers for resource efficiency.}, author = {AnhKhoa, Dang and TrungKiem, Nguyen and TrungKien, Nguyen and NgocTuan, Nguyen and Huu Thanh, Nguyen}, booktitle = {2023 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, title = {Traffic-Adaptive Scheme for SDN Control Plane with Containerized Architecture}, year = 2023 }
• Industrial User Experience Index vs. Quality of Experience Models. Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Anika; Loh, Frank; Wunderer, Stefan; Davies, John. In IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(1), S. 98–104. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Network operators have increased interest in understanding and quantifying the user perceived quality of experience (QoE). Appropriate QoE models allow mapping of measurable QoS parameters to QoE metrics like mean opinion scores (MOS) or poor-or-worse (PoW) ratios. Unfortunately, there are no QoE models for all applications available yet, and development and standardization is rather time-consuming. For that reason, industry often implements simple but effective approaches based on expert knowledge to get a user experience index able to deliver high value insights. This index is often defined based on thresholds of measurable QoS parameters to classify the resulting user experience. The question arises whether such a threshold-based user experience index can properly estimate the QoE in a system. We therefore answer in this work whether the user experience index is able to quantify the expected QoE in a system and if other QoE metrics like PoW ratios can be derived. Furthermore, we discuss the interpretation and the limits of the index. As a key contribution, we present a detailed systematic analysis of the threshold-based QoE concept and discuss its usability as QoE estimation methodology for industry.

  @article{info3-article-2023-7, abstract = {Network operators have increased interest in understanding and quantifying the user perceived quality of experience (QoE). Appropriate QoE models allow mapping of measurable QoS parameters to QoE metrics like mean opinion scores (MOS) or poor-or-worse (PoW) ratios. Unfortunately, there are no QoE models for all applications available yet, and development and standardization is rather time-consuming. For that reason, industry often implements simple but effective approaches based on expert knowledge to get a user experience index able to deliver high value insights. This index is often defined based on thresholds of measurable QoS parameters to classify the resulting user experience. The question arises whether such a threshold-based user experience index can properly estimate the QoE in a system. We therefore answer in this work whether the user experience index is able to quantify the expected QoE in a system and if other QoE metrics like PoW ratios can be derived. Furthermore, we discuss the interpretation and the limits of the index. As a key contribution, we present a detailed systematic analysis of the threshold-based QoE concept and discuss its usability as QoE estimation methodology for industry.}, author = {Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Anika and Loh, Frank and Wunderer, Stefan and Davies, John}, journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine}, keywords = {5gqmon}, month = {01}, number = 1, pages = {98-104}, title = {Industrial User Experience Index vs. Quality of Experience Models}, volume = 61, year = 2023 }
• Challenges of Serverless Deployment in Edge-MEC-Cloud. Nguyen, TrungKien; Loh, Frank; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-6, author = {Nguyen, TrungKien and Loh, Frank and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Challenges of Serverless Deployment in Edge-MEC-Cloud}, year = 2023 }
• Share and Multiply: Modeling Communication and Generated Traffic in Private WhatsApp Groups. Seufert, Anika; Poignée, Fabian; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Access, 11, S. 25401–25414. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Group-based communication is a highly popular communication paradigm, which is especially prominent in mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications, such as WhatsApp. Chat groups in MIM applications facilitate the sharing of various types of messages (e.g., text, voice, image, video) among a large number of participants. As each message has to be transmitted to every other member of the group, which multiplies the traffic, this has a massive impact on the underlying communication networks. However, most chat groups are private and network operators cannot obtain deep insights into MIM communication via network measurements due to end-to-end encryption. Thus, the generation of traffic is not well understood, given that it depends on sizes of communication groups, speed of communication, and exchanged message types. In this work, we provide a huge data set of 5,956 private WhatsApp chat histories, which contains over 76 million messages from more than 117,000 users. We describe and model the properties of chat groups and users, and the communication within these chat groups, which gives unprecedented insights into private MIM communication. In addition, we conduct exemplary measurements for the most popular message types, which empower the provided models to estimate the traffic over time in a chat group.

  @article{info3-article-2023-2, abstract = {Group-based communication is a highly popular communication paradigm, which is especially prominent in mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications, such as WhatsApp. Chat groups in MIM applications facilitate the sharing of various types of messages (e.g., text, voice, image, video) among a large number of participants. As each message has to be transmitted to every other member of the group, which multiplies the traffic, this has a massive impact on the underlying communication networks. However, most chat groups are private and network operators cannot obtain deep insights into MIM communication via network measurements due to end-to-end encryption. Thus, the generation of traffic is not well understood, given that it depends on sizes of communication groups, speed of communication, and exchanged message types. In this work, we provide a huge data set of 5,956 private WhatsApp chat histories, which contains over 76 million messages from more than 117,000 users. We describe and model the properties of chat groups and users, and the communication within these chat groups, which gives unprecedented insights into private MIM communication. In addition, we conduct exemplary measurements for the most popular message types, which empower the provided models to estimate the traffic over time in a chat group.}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Poignée, Fabian and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {03}, pages = {25401 - 25414}, title = {Share and Multiply: Modeling Communication and Generated Traffic in Private WhatsApp Groups}, volume = 11, year = 2023 }
• DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Periodic LoRa Devices using Self-Organizing Radio Access. Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-7, author = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications}, keywords = {can}, title = {DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Periodic LoRa Devices using Self-Organizing Radio Access}, year = 2023 }
• Power to the Applications: The Vision of Continuous Decentralized Autoscaling. Straesser, Martin; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing Workshops (CCGridW), S. 281–283. IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{straesser2023decentral, author = {Straesser, Martin and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing Workshops (CCGridW)}, keywords = {t_poster}, pages = {281-283}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Power to the Applications: The Vision of Continuous Decentralized Autoscaling}, year = 2023 }
• SKOS-Utils: Developing and Checking SKOS Knowledge Graphs (Tool Presentation). Baumeister, Joachim; Ross, Valentin. In LWDA 2023 - Learning, Knowledge, Data, Analysis. 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{BR:FGWM:23, author = {Baumeister, Joachim and Ross, Valentin}, booktitle = {LWDA 2023 - Learning, Knowledge, Data, Analysis}, keywords = {skos}, title = {SKOS-Utils: Developing and Checking SKOS Knowledge Graphs (Tool Presentation)}, year = 2023 }
• A System for Building Wizard-of-Oz-based Interactive Scenarios with Mixed-Cultural Intelligent Virtual Agents. Obremski, David; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, von IVA ’23. ACM, Würzburg, Germany, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Obremski2023IVAPosterTool, author = {Obremski, David and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents}, keywords = {mi}, note = {DOI: 10.1145/3570945.3607288, in press}, publisher = {ACM}, series = {IVA '23}, title = {A System for Building Wizard-of-Oz-based Interactive Scenarios with Mixed-Cultural Intelligent Virtual Agents}, year = 2023 }
• An Empirical Study of Container Image Configurations and Their Impact on Start Times. Straesser, Martin; Bauer, André; Leppich, Robert; Herbst, Nikolas; Chard, Kyle; Foster, Ian; Kounev, Samuel. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid), S. 94–105. IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{straesser2023starttime, author = {Straesser, Martin and Bauer, André and Leppich, Robert and Herbst, Nikolas and Chard, Kyle and Foster, Ian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE/ACM 23rd International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)}, keywords = {empirical_study}, pages = {94-105}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {An Empirical Study of Container Image Configurations and Their Impact on Start Times}, year = 2023 }
• PePUT: A Unity Toolkit for the Social Robot Pepper. Ganal, Elisabeth; Siol, Lenny; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ganal2023peput, author = {Ganal, Elisabeth and Siol, Lenny and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2023 32th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {PePUT: A Unity Toolkit for the Social Robot Pepper}, year = 2023 }
• Occupational Fraud Detection through Agent-based Data Generation. Tritscher, Julian; Roos, Alexander; Schlör, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In The 8th Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS MIDAS 2023 - to appear. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Occupational fraud is an increasing concern for enterprises that is estimated to cause losses of around 5% of company revenue each year. With the increasing data tracked by companies through enterprise resource planning systems, recent research has taken interest in the automated detection of occupational fraud. Automated detection is however hindered by the unavailability of labeled fraud cases which require known occupational frauds within company data and costly expert annotation. Even despite the existence of anomaly detection methods that can be trained on unsupervised data, selecting the ideal preprocessing techniques, the most suitable model, and the optimal hyperparameters necessitates the availability of labeled data for evaluation purposes. To alleviate this issue, we propose to use simulation through multi-agent systems for generating business processes according to best practices from economics and creating labeled synthetic data that closely matches a given unlabeled real-world dataset. We extend an existing simulation by incorporating functionality for including, tracking and automatic labeling of occupational fraud cases. Using this simulation, we propose a framework that decides on important design choices for fraud detection models in enterprise resource planning data and does not require labeled real-world data. We demonstrate in multiple experiments that the framework can aid automated occupational fraud detection through data generation.

  @article{tritscher2023occupational, abstract = {Occupational fraud is an increasing concern for enterprises that is estimated to cause losses of around 5% of company revenue each year. With the increasing data tracked by companies through enterprise resource planning systems, recent research has taken interest in the automated detection of occupational fraud. Automated detection is however hindered by the unavailability of labeled fraud cases which require known occupational frauds within company data and costly expert annotation. Even despite the existence of anomaly detection methods that can be trained on unsupervised data, selecting the ideal preprocessing techniques, the most suitable model, and the optimal hyperparameters necessitates the availability of labeled data for evaluation purposes. To alleviate this issue, we propose to use simulation through multi-agent systems for generating business processes according to best practices from economics and creating labeled synthetic data that closely matches a given unlabeled real-world dataset. We extend an existing simulation by incorporating functionality for including, tracking and automatic labeling of occupational fraud cases. Using this simulation, we propose a framework that decides on important design choices for fraud detection models in enterprise resource planning data and does not require labeled real-world data. We demonstrate in multiple experiments that the framework can aid automated occupational fraud detection through data generation.}, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Roos, Alexander and Schlör, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, journal = {The 8th Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS MIDAS 2023 - to appear}, keywords = {mas}, title = {Occupational Fraud Detection through Agent-based Data Generation}, year = 2023 }
• A Precise Measurement Platform for LPDDR4 Memories. Feldmann, Johannes; Steiner, Lukas; Christ, Derek; Psota, Thomas; Jung, Matthias; Wehn, Norbert. In ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Memory Systems (MEMSYS 2023). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{feldmann2023precise, author = {Feldmann, Johannes and Steiner, Lukas and Christ, Derek and Psota, Thomas and Jung, Matthias and Wehn, Norbert}, booktitle = {ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Memory Systems (MEMSYS 2023)}, keywords = {myown}, title = {A Precise Measurement Platform for LPDDR4 Memories}, year = 2023 }
• On Profiling, Benchmarking and Behavioral Analysis of SDN Architecture Under DDoS Attacks. Huu Thanh, Nguyen; NgocTuan, Nguyen; AnhKhoa, Dang; CongTuan, Le; TrungKien, Nguyen; XuanDung, Nguyen; QuynhThu, Ngo; Wamser, Florian. In Journal of Network and Systems Management. 2023.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention from research and industrial communities recently as it is more agile and flexible compared to conventional networking technology in offering new network functions and services. By separating the network control functions from the forwarding devices and placing them in a centralized, softwarized and programmable SDN controller, new network functions and services can be easily added into the network in an on-demand manner. However, the centralized control paradigm and the flow-based forwarding principle make the SDN architecture more fragile and vulnerable to malicious actions, such as cyber hijacking or DDoS attacks. In this paper, we focus on analyzing and evaluating negative impacts of DDoS attacks on the SDN architecture. By performing stress tests, the performance of such common SDN controllers as POX, Ryu and Floodlight under DDoS attacks is benchmarked, along with their impacts on the SDN switch and OpenFlow channel. We also address some new threats and vulnerabilities introduced by the nature of SDN.

  @article{info3-article-2023-1, abstract = {Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has attracted much attention from research and industrial communities recently as it is more agile and flexible compared to conventional networking technology in offering new network functions and services. By separating the network control functions from the forwarding devices and placing them in a centralized, softwarized and programmable SDN controller, new network functions and services can be easily added into the network in an on-demand manner. However, the centralized control paradigm and the flow-based forwarding principle make the SDN architecture more fragile and vulnerable to malicious actions, such as cyber hijacking or DDoS attacks. In this paper, we focus on analyzing and evaluating negative impacts of DDoS attacks on the SDN architecture. By performing stress tests, the performance of such common SDN controllers as POX, Ryu and Floodlight under DDoS attacks is benchmarked, along with their impacts on the SDN switch and OpenFlow channel. We also address some new threats and vulnerabilities introduced by the nature of SDN.}, author = {Huu Thanh, Nguyen and NgocTuan, Nguyen and AnhKhoa, Dang and CongTuan, Le and TrungKien, Nguyen and XuanDung, Nguyen and QuynhThu, Ngo and Wamser, Florian}, journal = {Journal of Network and Systems Management}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, title = {On Profiling, Benchmarking and Behavioral Analysis of SDN Architecture Under DDoS Attacks}, year = 2023 }
• NB-IoT vs. LTE-M: Measurement Study of the Energy Consumption of LPWAN Technologies. Vomhoff, Viktoria; Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2023-10, author = {Vomhoff, Viktoria and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)}, keywords = {can}, title = {NB-IoT vs. LTE-M: Measurement Study of the Energy Consumption of LPWAN Technologies}, year = 2023 }
• A Constant-Factor Approximation Algorithm for Reconciliation \($k$\)-Median. Spoerhase, Joachim; Khodamoradi, Kamyar; Riegel, Benedikt; Ordozgoiti, Bruno; Gionis, Aristides. In Proc. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS’23), Bd. 206, S. 1719–1746. PMLR, 2023.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{spoerhase-etal23:recon-k-median, author = {Spoerhase, Joachim and Khodamoradi, Kamyar and Riegel, Benedikt and Ordozgoiti, Bruno and Gionis, Aristides}, booktitle = {Proc. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS'23)}, keywords = {reconciliation}, pages = {1719–1746}, publisher = {{PMLR}}, title = {A Constant-Factor Approximation Algorithm for Reconciliation $k$-Median}, volume = 206, year = 2023 }

• Big Data = Big Insights? Operationalising Brooks’ Law in a Massive GitHub Data Set. Gote, Christoph; Mavrodiev, Pavlin; Schweitzer, Frank; Scholtes, Ingo. In ICSE, S. 262–273. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/icse/GoteMSS22, author = {Gote, Christoph and Mavrodiev, Pavlin and Schweitzer, Frank and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {ICSE}, crossref = {conf/icse/2022}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {262-273}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Big Data = Big Insights? Operationalising Brooks' Law in a Massive GitHub Data Set.}, year = 2022 }
• Simple Algorithms for Partial and Simultaneous Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations. Chaplick, Steven; Felsner, Stefan; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Rutter, Ignaz; Wolff, Alexander. In Theoretical Computer Science, 919, S. 66–74. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  A rectangular dual of a graph \($G$\) is a contact representation of \($G$\) by axis-aligned rectangles such that (i) no four rectangles share a point and (ii) the union of all rectangles is a rectangle. The \emph{partial representation extension problem for rectangular duals asks whether a given partial rectangular dual can be extended to a rectangular dual, that is, whether there exists a rectangular dual where some vertices are represented by prescribed rectangles. The \emph{simultaneous representation problem for rectangular duals asks whether two (or more) given graphs that share a subgraph admit rectangular duals that coincide on the shared subgraph. Combinatorially, a rectangular dual can be described by a regular edge labeling (REL), which determines the orientations of the rectangle contacts. par We describe linear-time algorithms for the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem for rectangular duals when each input graph is given together with a REL. Both algorithms are based on formulations as linear programs, yet they have geometric interpretations and can be seen as extensions of the classic algorithm by Kant and He that computes a rectangular dual for a given graph.

  @article{cfkkrw-sapsr-TCS22, abstract = {A rectangular dual of a graph $G$ is a contact representation of $G$ by axis-aligned rectangles such that (i) no four rectangles share a point and (ii) the union of all rectangles is a rectangle. The \emph{partial representation extension problem} for rectangular duals asks whether a given partial rectangular dual can be extended to a rectangular dual, that is, whether there exists a rectangular dual where some vertices are represented by prescribed rectangles. The \emph{simultaneous representation problem} for rectangular duals asks whether two (or more) given graphs that share a subgraph admit rectangular duals that coincide on the shared subgraph. Combinatorially, a rectangular dual can be described by a regular edge labeling (REL), which determines the orientations of the rectangle contacts. \par We describe linear-time algorithms for the partial representation extension problem and the simultaneous representation problem for rectangular duals when each input graph is given together with a REL. Both algorithms are based on formulations as linear programs, yet they have geometric interpretations and can be seen as extensions of the classic algorithm by Kant and He that computes a rectangular dual for a given graph.}, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Felsner, Stefan and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Rutter, Ignaz and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, keywords = {contact_representation}, pages = {66–74}, title = {Simple Algorithms for Partial and Simultaneous Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations}, volume = 919, year = 2022 }
• A User Interface for Automatic Polyp Detection Based on Deep Learning with Extended Vision. Krenzer, Adrian; Troya, Joel; Banck, Michael; Sudarevic, Boban; Flisikowski, Krzysztof; Meining, Alexander; Puppe, Frank. In Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, S. 851–868. Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{krenzer2022user, author = {Krenzer, Adrian and Troya, Joel and Banck, Michael and Sudarevic, Boban and Flisikowski, Krzysztof and Meining, Alexander and Puppe, Frank}, booktitle = {Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis}, keywords = {banck}, organization = {Springer}, pages = {851–868}, title = {A User Interface for Automatic Polyp Detection Based on Deep Learning with Extended Vision}, year = 2022 }
• SenPoi at SemEval-2022 Task 10: Point me to your Opinion, SenPoi. Pfister, Jan; Wankerl, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2022, Seattle, Washington, United States, July 14-15, 2022, G. Emerson, N. Schluter, G. Stanovsky, R. Kumar, A. Palmer, N. Schneider, S. Singh, S. Ratan (Hrsg.), S. 1313–1323. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/semeval/PfisterWH22, author = {Pfister, Jan and Wankerl, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval@NAACL 2022, Seattle, Washington, United States, July 14-15, 2022}, editor = {Emerson, Guy and Schluter, Natalie and Stanovsky, Gabriel and Kumar, Ritesh and Palmer, Alexis and Schneider, Nathan and Singh, Siddharth and Ratan, Shyam}, keywords = 2022, pages = {1313–1323}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {SenPoi at SemEval-2022 Task 10: Point me to your Opinion, SenPoi}, year = 2022 }
• Why Is It Not Solved Yet? Challenges for Production-Ready Autoscaling. Straesser, Martin; Grohmann, Johannes; von Kistowski, Jóakim; Eismann, Simon; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’22, S. 105–115. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Autoscaling is a task of major importance in the cloud computing domain as it directly affects both operating costs and customer experience. Although there has been active research in this area for over ten years now, there is still a significant gap between the proposed methods in the literature and the deployed autoscalers in practice. Hence, many research autoscalers do not find their way into production deployments. This paper describes six core challenges that arise in production systems that are still not solved by most research autoscalers. We illustrate these problems through experiments in a realistic cloud environment with a real-world multi-service business application and show that commonly used autoscalers have various shortcomings. In addition, we analyze the behavior of overloaded services and show that these can be problematic for existing autoscalers. Generally, we analyze that these challenges are only insufficiently addressed in the literature and conclude that future scaling approaches should focus on the needs of production systems.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3489525.3511680, abstract = {Autoscaling is a task of major importance in the cloud computing domain as it directly affects both operating costs and customer experience. Although there has been active research in this area for over ten years now, there is still a significant gap between the proposed methods in the literature and the deployed autoscalers in practice. Hence, many research autoscalers do not find their way into production deployments. This paper describes six core challenges that arise in production systems that are still not solved by most research autoscalers. We illustrate these problems through experiments in a realistic cloud environment with a real-world multi-service business application and show that commonly used autoscalers have various shortcomings. In addition, we analyze the behavior of overloaded services and show that these can be problematic for existing autoscalers. Generally, we analyze that these challenges are only insufficiently addressed in the literature and conclude that future scaling approaches should focus on the needs of production systems.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Straesser, Martin and Grohmann, Johannes and von Kistowski, J\'{o}akim and Eismann, Simon and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {microservices}, pages = {105–115}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '22}, title = {Why Is It Not Solved Yet? Challenges for Production-Ready Autoscaling}, year = 2022 }
• Conflict Handling in Product Configuration using Answer Set Programming. Herud, Konstantin; Baumeister, Joachim; Sabuncu, Orkunt; Schaub, Torsten. In ICLP Workshop Answer Set Programming and Other Computing Paradigms. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{hbs:22, author = {Herud, Konstantin and Baumeister, Joachim and Sabuncu, Orkunt and Schaub, Torsten}, booktitle = {ICLP Workshop Answer Set Programming and Other Computing Paradigms}, keywords = {explanation}, title = {Conflict Handling in Product Configuration using Answer Set Programming}, year = 2022 }
• Preface. Lugrin, Birgit. In The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application, S. xxv-xl. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inbook{noauthororeditor, author = {Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {xxv-xl}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Preface}, year = 2022 }
• Exploratory Study on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents With Non-Native Accents Using Synthetic and Natural Speech in German. Obremski, David; Hering, Helena Babette; Friedrich, Paula; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION (ICMI ’22), November 7--11, 2022, S. 15–24. Bengaluru, India, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{obremski2022ICMI, author = {Obremski, David and Hering, Helena Babette and Friedrich, Paula and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION (ICMI '22), November 7–11, 2022}, keywords = {mi}, note = {Best Paper Award}, pages = {15–24}, title = {Exploratory Study on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents With Non-Native Accents Using Synthetic and Natural Speech in German}, year = 2022 }
• Learning the Markov Order of Paths in Graphs. Petrovic, Luka V.; Scholtes, Ingo. In WWW, F. Laforest, R. Troncy, E. Simperl, D. Agarwal, A. Gionis, I. Herman, L. Médini (Hrsg.), S. 1559–1569. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/www/PetrovicS22, author = {Petrovic, Luka V. and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {WWW}, crossref = {conf/www/2022}, editor = {Laforest, Frédérique and Troncy, Raphaël and Simperl, Elena and Agarwal, Deepak and Gionis, Aristides and Herman, Ivan and Médini, Lionel}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1559-1569}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Learning the Markov Order of Paths in Graphs.}, year = 2022 }
• Designing Social Robots’ Speech in the Hotel Context-A Series of Online Studies. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lein, Martina; Donnermann, Melissa; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), S. 163–170. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2022designing, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lein, Martina and Donnermann, Melissa and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)}, keywords = {lein}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {163-170}, title = {Designing Social Robots' Speech in the Hotel Context-A Series of Online Studies}, year = 2022 }
• Testing the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX Module for the SONATE-2 Nano Satellite Mission. Herbst, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Riegler, Clemens; Schwarz, Tobias. Bd. IAC 2022 congress proceedings, S. 7. International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 100 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris, France, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  SONATE-2 is a 6U+, LEO CubeSat mission, which will demonstrate the feasibility of in-orbit image processing using neural networks. These networks shall also be trained on-board. Therefore, a powerful computational unit with a small form factor and low power consumption is needed. One possible candidate, the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX is analysed and tested for a possible use in this mission. Thus, thermal vacuum chamber tests, total ionizing radiation dose tests, single event effect tests and vibration tests were performed to expose the module to conditions equivalent to space environment present in LEO. The module has been Total Ionizing Dose (TID) tested with a Co-60 source at a dose of 10,krad. Single Event Effect (SEE) testing has been done with protons at energy levels of 30, 50 and 68 MeV. In addition to that, vibration tests have been conducted on acceptance level for a launch with a Soyuz-2 rocket for a containerized CubeSat. The thermal-vacuum tests included an outgassing test and a thermal cycling test with 5 cycles from -30\($^\circ$\)C to 90\($^\circ$\)C. After the TID tests, the vibration tests and the thermal tests, no damage to the module could be detected. During the outgassing test, a total mass loss of at least 0.08,% was measured. During the SEE tests, two single event effects occurred, of which one caused the device to reboot and another one caused a memory error in the modules eMMC memory. Thus, it is recommended to implement a redundancy strategy for the content of the eMMC memory and operate the device, such that spontaneous reboots do not lead to critical failures.

  @conference{herbst2022testing, abstract = {SONATE-2 is a 6U+, LEO CubeSat mission, which will demonstrate the feasibility of in-orbit image processing using neural networks. These networks shall also be trained on-board. Therefore, a powerful computational unit with a small form factor and low power consumption is needed. One possible candidate, the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX is analysed and tested for a possible use in this mission. Thus, thermal vacuum chamber tests, total ionizing radiation dose tests, single event effect tests and vibration tests were performed to expose the module to conditions equivalent to space environment present in LEO. The module has been Total Ionizing Dose (TID) tested with a Co-60 source at a dose of 10\,krad. Single Event Effect (SEE) testing has been done with protons at energy levels of 30, 50 and 68 MeV. In addition to that, vibration tests have been conducted on acceptance level for a launch with a Soyuz-2 rocket for a containerized CubeSat. The thermal-vacuum tests included an outgassing test and a thermal cycling test with 5 cycles from -30$^\circ$C to 90$^\circ$C. After the TID tests, the vibration tests and the thermal tests, no damage to the module could be detected. During the outgassing test, a total mass loss of at least 0.08\,\% was measured. During the SEE tests, two single event effects occurred, of which one caused the device to reboot and another one caused a memory error in the modules eMMC memory. Thus, it is recommended to implement a redundancy strategy for the content of the eMMC memory and operate the device, such that spontaneous reboots do not lead to critical failures.}, address = {100 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris, France}, author = {Herbst, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Riegler, Clemens and Schwarz, Tobias}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 7, publisher = {International Astronautical Federation (IAF)}, title = {Testing the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX Module for the SONATE-2 Nano Satellite Mission}, volume = {IAC 2022 congress proceedings}, year = 2022 }
• Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; von Mammen, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, S. 2673–4192. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Steinhaeusser:2022ab, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {2673–4192}, title = {Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Automated Blendshape Personalization for Faithful Face Animations Using Commodity Smartphones. Menzel, Timo; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Digital reconstruction of humans has various interesting use-cases. Animated virtual humans, avatars and agents alike, are the central entities in virtual embodied human-computer and human-human encounters in social XR. Here, a faithful reconstruction of facial expressions becomes paramount due to their prominent role in non-verbal behavior and social interaction. Current XR-platforms, like Unity 3D or the Unreal Engine, integrate recent smartphone technologies to animate faces of virtual humans by facial motion capturing. Using the same technology, this article presents an optimization-based approach to generate personalized blendshapes as animation targets for facial expressions. The proposed method combines a position-based optimization with a seamless partial deformation transfer, necessary for a faithful reconstruction. Our method is fully automated and considerably outperforms existing solutions based on example-based facial rigging or deformation transfer, and overall results in a much lower reconstruction error. It also neatly integrates with recent smartphone-based reconstruction pipelines for mesh generation and automated rigging, further paving the way to a widespread application of human-like and personalized avatars and agents in various use-cases.

  @inproceedings{menzel2022automated, abstract = {Digital reconstruction of humans has various interesting use-cases. Animated virtual humans, avatars and agents alike, are the central entities in virtual embodied human-computer and human-human encounters in social XR. Here, a faithful reconstruction of facial expressions becomes paramount due to their prominent role in non-verbal behavior and social interaction. Current XR-platforms, like Unity 3D or the Unreal Engine, integrate recent smartphone technologies to animate faces of virtual humans by facial motion capturing. Using the same technology, this article presents an optimization-based approach to generate personalized blendshapes as animation targets for facial expressions. The proposed method combines a position-based optimization with a seamless partial deformation transfer, necessary for a faithful reconstruction. Our method is fully automated and considerably outperforms existing solutions based on example-based facial rigging or deformation transfer, and overall results in a much lower reconstruction error. It also neatly integrates with recent smartphone-based reconstruction pipelines for mesh generation and automated rigging, further paving the way to a widespread application of human-like and personalized avatars and agents in various use-cases.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Menzel, Timo and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST ’22)}, keywords = {via-vr}, number = 22, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Automated Blendshape Personalization for Faithful Face Animations Using Commodity Smartphones}, year = 2022 }
• Virtual Reality for Mind and Body: Does the Sense of Embodiment Towards a Virtual Body Affect Physical Body Awareness?. Döllinger, Nina; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Erdmannsdörfer, Nico; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In CHI 22 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, S. 1–8. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Mind-body therapies aim to improve health by combining physical and mental exercises. Recent developments tend to incorporate virtual reality (VR) into their design and execution, but there is a lack of research concerning the inclusion of virtual bodies and their effect on body awareness in these designs. In this study, 24 participants performed in-VR body awareness movement tasks in front of a virtual mirror while embodying a photorealistic, personalized avatar. Subsequently, they performed a heartbeat counting task and rated their perceived body awareness and sense of embodiment towards the avatar. We found a significant relationship between sense of embodiment and self-reported body awareness but not between sense of embodiment and heartbeat counting. Future work can build on these findings and further explore the relationship between avatar embodiment and body awareness.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2022virtual, abstract = {Mind-body therapies aim to improve health by combining physical and mental exercises. Recent developments tend to incorporate virtual reality (VR) into their design and execution, but there is a lack of research concerning the inclusion of virtual bodies and their effect on body awareness in these designs. In this study, 24 participants performed in-VR body awareness movement tasks in front of a virtual mirror while embodying a photorealistic, personalized avatar. Subsequently, they performed a heartbeat counting task and rated their perceived body awareness and sense of embodiment towards the avatar. We found a significant relationship between sense of embodiment and self-reported body awareness but not between sense of embodiment and heartbeat counting. Future work can build on these findings and further explore the relationship between avatar embodiment and body awareness.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Erdmannsdörfer, Nico and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {CHI 22 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {1-8}, title = {Virtual Reality for Mind and Body: Does the Sense of Embodiment Towards a Virtual Body Affect Physical Body Awareness?}, year = 2022 }
• Algorithms for Floor Planning with Proximity Requirements. Klawitter, Jonathan; Klesen, Felix; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. CAAD Future 2021, Bd. 1465 von CCIS, D. J. Gerber, A. Nahmad, B. Bogosian, E. Pantazis, C. Miltiadis (Hrsg.), S. 151–171. Springer-Verlag, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{kkw-afppr-CAADF21, author = {Klawitter, Jonathan and Klesen, Felix and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. CAAD Future 2021}, editor = {Gerber, David J. and Nahmad, Alicia and Bogosian, Biayna and Pantazis, Evan and Miltiadis, Constantinos}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {151–171}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {CCIS}, title = {Algorithms for Floor Planning with Proximity Requirements}, volume = 1465, year = 2022 }
• Digital body, identity and privacy in social virtual reality: A systematic review. Lin, Jinghuai; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Social Virtual Reality (social VR or SVR) provides digital spaces for diverse human activities, social interactions, and embodied face-to-face encounters. While our digital bodies in SVR can in general be of almost any conceivable appearance, individualized or even personalized avatars bearing users’ likeness recently became an interesting research topic. Such digital bodies show a great potential to enhance the authenticity of social VR citizens and increase the trustworthiness of interpersonal interaction. However, using such digital bodies might expose users to privacy and identity issues such as identity theft: For instance, how do we know whether the avatars we encounter in the virtual world are who they claim to be? Safeguarding users’ identities and privacy, and preventing harm from identity infringement, are crucial to the future of social VR. This article provides a systematic review on the protection of users’ identity and privacy in social VR, with a specific focus on digital bodies. Based on 814 sources, we identified and analyzed 49 papers that either: 1) discuss or raise concerns about the addressed issues, 2) provide technologies and potential solutions for protecting digital bodies, or 3) examine the relationship between the digital bodies and users of social VR citizens. We notice a severe lack of research and attention on the addressed topic and identify several research gaps that need to be filled. While some legal and ethical concerns about the potential identity issues of the digital bodies have been raised, and despite some progress in specific areas such as user authentication has been made, little research has proposed practical solutions. Finally, we suggest potential future research directions for digital body protection and include relevant research that might provide insights. We hope this work could provide a good overview of the existing discussion, potential solutions, and future directions for researchers with similar concerns. We also wish to draw attention to identity and privacy issues in social VR and call for interdisciplinary collaboration.

  @article{lin2022digital, abstract = {Social Virtual Reality (social VR or SVR) provides digital spaces for diverse human activities, social interactions, and embodied face-to-face encounters. While our digital bodies in SVR can in general be of almost any conceivable appearance, individualized or even personalized avatars bearing users’ likeness recently became an interesting research topic. Such digital bodies show a great potential to enhance the authenticity of social VR citizens and increase the trustworthiness of interpersonal interaction. However, using such digital bodies might expose users to privacy and identity issues such as identity theft: For instance, how do we know whether the avatars we encounter in the virtual world are who they claim to be? Safeguarding users’ identities and privacy, and preventing harm from identity infringement, are crucial to the future of social VR. This article provides a systematic review on the protection of users’ identity and privacy in social VR, with a specific focus on digital bodies. Based on 814 sources, we identified and analyzed 49 papers that either: 1) discuss or raise concerns about the addressed issues, 2) provide technologies and potential solutions for protecting digital bodies, or 3) examine the relationship between the digital bodies and users of social VR citizens. We notice a severe lack of research and attention on the addressed topic and identify several research gaps that need to be filled. While some legal and ethical concerns about the potential identity issues of the digital bodies have been raised, and despite some progress in specific areas such as user authentication has been made, little research has proposed practical solutions. Finally, we suggest potential future research directions for digital body protection and include relevant research that might provide insights. We hope this work could provide a good overview of the existing discussion, potential solutions, and future directions for researchers with similar concerns. We also wish to draw attention to identity and privacy issues in social VR and call for interdisciplinary collaboration.}, author = {Lin, Jinghuai and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {emlab}, title = {Digital body, identity and privacy in social virtual reality: A systematic review}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• In-Flight Experience and Operations of the 3U-Mission SONATE. Schwarz, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S). Vilamoura, Portugal, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  SONATE was a 3U-CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg, primarily for the in-orbit verification of the autonomous payloads ASAP-L and ADIA-L, as well as other smaller payloads like star sensors and reaction wheels. On July 5, 2019, it was successfully launched on a Russian Soyuz rocket into a 530 km Sun synchronous orbit. The mission ended after one year of operations. During its operation, SONATE has been commanded and telemetry was received almost daily on two or three passes over the university’s ground station.

  @inproceedings{noauthororeditorinflight, abstract = {SONATE was a 3U-CubeSat for technology demonstration developed at the University of Würzburg, primarily for the in-orbit verification of the autonomous payloads ASAP-L and ADIA-L, as well as other smaller payloads like star sensors and reaction wheels. On July 5, 2019, it was successfully launched on a Russian Soyuz rocket into a 530 km Sun synchronous orbit. The mission ended after one year of operations. During its operation, SONATE has been commanded and telemetry was received almost daily on two or three passes over the university’s ground station.}, address = {Vilamoura, Portugal}, author = {Schwarz, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, keywords = {cubesat}, title = {In-Flight Experience and Operations of the 3U-Mission SONATE}, year = 2022 }
• SONATE-2 - A Technology Demonstration Mission for Artificial Intelligence. Greiner, Tobias; Balagurin, Oleksii; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens; Schwarz, Tobias. In Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S), G. Tobias, B. Oleksii, H. Tobias, K. Tobias, K. Hakan, M. Andreas, N. Tobias, R. Clemens, S. Tobias (Hrsg.). Vilamoura, Portugal, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The increasing amount of data produced by sensors, combined with low download rates, are a challenge for nanosatellites. On-board data processing and classification can be used to reduce the amount of data that needs to be downloaded. This edge computing approach has become more and more present in various terrestrial applications and embedded devices. Recent missions have used artificial intelligence (AI) models, pre-trained on the ground, for on-board image analysis. The SONATE-2 mission expands on this approach by also introducing on-board training capabilities, enabling new applications including on-board model generation and improvement.

  @inproceedings{greiner2022sonate2, abstract = {The increasing amount of data produced by sensors, combined with low download rates, are a challenge for nanosatellites. On-board data processing and classification can be used to reduce the amount of data that needs to be downloaded. This edge computing approach has become more and more present in various terrestrial applications and embedded devices. Recent missions have used artificial intelligence (AI) models, pre-trained on the ground, for on-board image analysis. The SONATE-2 mission expands on this approach by also introducing on-board training capabilities, enabling new applications including on-board model generation and improvement.}, address = {Vilamoura, Portugal}, author = {Greiner, Tobias and Balagurin, Oleksii and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {Small Satellites, System & Services Symposium (4S)}, editor = {Tobias, Greiner and Oleksii, Balagurin and Tobias, Herbst and Tobias, Kaiser and Hakan, Kayal and Andreas, Maurer and Tobias, Neumann and Clemens, Riegler and Tobias, Schwarz}, keywords = {ai}, title = {SONATE-2 - A Technology Demonstration Mission for Artificial Intelligence}, year = 2022 }
• Minimum Rectilinear Polygons for Given Angle Sequences. Evans, William S.; Fleszar, Krzysztof; Kindermann, Philipp; Saeedi, Noushin; Shin, Chan-Su; Wolff, Alexander. In Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 100(101820), S. 1–39. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  A rectilinear polygon is a simple polygon whose edges are axis-aligned. Walking counterclockwise on the boundary of such a polygon yields a sequence of left turns and right turns. The number of left turns always equals the number of right turns plus four. It is known that any such sequence can be realized by a rectilinear polygon. par In this paper, we consider the problem of finding realizations that minimize the perimeter or the area of the polygon or the area of the bounding box of the polygon. We show that all three problems are NP-hard in general. This answers an open question of Patrignani [CGTA 2001], who showed that it is NP-hard to minimize the area of the bounding box of an orthogonal drawing of a given planar graph. We also show that realizing a polyline within a bounding box of minimum area (or within a fixed given rectangle) is NP-hard. Then we consider the special cases of x-monotone and xy-monotone rectilinear polygons. For these, we can optimize the three objectives efficiently.

  @article{efkssw-mrpga-CGTA22, abstract = {A rectilinear polygon is a simple polygon whose edges are axis-aligned. Walking counterclockwise on the boundary of such a polygon yields a sequence of left turns and right turns. The number of left turns always equals the number of right turns plus four. It is known that any such sequence can be realized by a rectilinear polygon. \par In this paper, we consider the problem of finding realizations that minimize the perimeter or the area of the polygon or the area of the bounding box of the polygon. We show that all three problems are NP-hard in general. This answers an open question of Patrignani [CGTA 2001], who showed that it is NP-hard to minimize the area of the bounding box of an orthogonal drawing of a given planar graph. We also show that realizing a polyline within a bounding box of minimum area (or within a fixed given rectangle) is NP-hard. Then we consider the special cases of x-monotone and xy-monotone rectilinear polygons. For these, we can optimize the three objectives efficiently.}, author = {Evans, William S. and Fleszar, Krzysztof and Kindermann, Philipp and Saeedi, Noushin and Shin, Chan-Su and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, keywords = {myown}, number = 101820, pages = {1–39}, title = {Minimum Rectilinear Polygons for Given Angle Sequences}, volume = 100, year = 2022 }
• Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; von Mammen, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3, S. 2673–4192. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{steinhaeusser2022joyful, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {2673–4192}, title = {Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Investigating the Predictability of QoS Metrics in Cellular Networks. Herrnleben, Stefan; Grohmann, Johannes; Lesch, Veronika; Prantl, Thomas; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In 2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), S. 1–10. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{HeGrLePrMeHoKo-2022-IWQoS-QoS-Prediction-Cellular-Networks, author = {Herrnleben, Stefan and Grohmann, Johannes and Lesch, Veronika and Prantl, Thomas and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {1-10}, title = {{Investigating the Predictability of QoS Metrics in Cellular Networks}}, year = 2022 }
• Dense Feature Matching based on Homographic Decomposition. Seibt, Simon; von Ramon Lipinski, Bartosz; Latoschik, March Erich. In IEEE Access, X, S. 1–1. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Finding robust and accurate feature matches is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, incorrect correspondences and suboptimal matching accuracies lead to significant challenges for many real-world applications. In conventional feature matching, corresponding features in an image pair are greedily searched using their descriptor distance. The resulting matching set is then typically used as input for geometric model fitting methods to find an appropriate fundamental matrix and filter out incorrect matches. Unfortunately, this basic approach cannot solve all practical problems, such as fundamental matrix degeneration, matching ambiguities caused by repeated patterns and rejection of initially mismatched features without further reconsideration. In this paper we introduce a novel matching pipeline, which addresses all of the aforementioned challenges at once: First, we perform iterative rematching to give mismatched feature points a further chance for being considered in later processing steps. Thereby, we are searching for inliers that exhibit the same homographic transformation per iteration. The resulting homographic decomposition is used for refining matches, occlusion detection (e.g. due to parallaxes) and extrapolation of additional features in critical image areas. Furthermore, Delaunay triangulation of the matching set is utilized to minimize the repeated pattern problem and to implement focused matching. Doing so, enables us to further increase matching quality by concentrating on local image areas, defined by the triangular mesh. We present and discuss experimental results with multiple real-world matching datasets. Our contributions, besides improving matching recall and precision for image processing applications in general, also relate to use cases in image-based computer graphics.

  @article{seibt2022dense, abstract = {Finding robust and accurate feature matches is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, incorrect correspondences and suboptimal matching accuracies lead to significant challenges for many real-world applications. In conventional feature matching, corresponding features in an image pair are greedily searched using their descriptor distance. The resulting matching set is then typically used as input for geometric model fitting methods to find an appropriate fundamental matrix and filter out incorrect matches. Unfortunately, this basic approach cannot solve all practical problems, such as fundamental matrix degeneration, matching ambiguities caused by repeated patterns and rejection of initially mismatched features without further reconsideration. In this paper we introduce a novel matching pipeline, which addresses all of the aforementioned challenges at once: First, we perform iterative rematching to give mismatched feature points a further chance for being considered in later processing steps. Thereby, we are searching for inliers that exhibit the same homographic transformation per iteration. The resulting homographic decomposition is used for refining matches, occlusion detection (e.g. due to parallaxes) and extrapolation of additional features in critical image areas. Furthermore, Delaunay triangulation of the matching set is utilized to minimize the repeated pattern problem and to implement focused matching. Doing so, enables us to further increase matching quality by concentrating on local image areas, defined by the triangular mesh. We present and discuss experimental results with multiple real-world matching datasets. Our contributions, besides improving matching recall and precision for image processing applications in general, also relate to use cases in image-based computer graphics.}, author = {Seibt, Simon and von Ramon Lipinski, Bartosz and Latoschik, March Erich}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {latoschik}, pages = {1-1}, title = {Dense Feature Matching based on Homographic Decomposition}, volume = {X}, year = 2022 }
• Interactive Hemodynamic Simulation Model of a Cross-scale Cardiovascular System. Hofmann, Sarah; Müller, Andreas; von Mammen, Sebastian. In ANNSIM 22. Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS), 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{Hofmann:2022ac, author = {Hofmann, Sarah and M{\"u}ller, Andreas and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {ANNSIM 22}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS)}, title = {Interactive Hemodynamic Simulation Model of a Cross-scale Cardiovascular System}, year = 2022 }
• Retrospektive Analyse ausgewählter Belastungs-und Beanspruchungsparameter einer professionellen Fußball-mannschaft vor und während coronabedingter Kontakt-beschränkungen in der Spielsaison 2019/20. Kunz, Philipp; Düking, Peter; Leppich, Robert; Lachmann, Jonas; Sperlich, Billy. In Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beiträge Jahrgang 63 (2022 Heft 1, S. 75. Lehmanns Media, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{kunz2022retrospektive, author = {Kunz, Philipp and D{\"u}king, Peter and Leppich, Robert and Lachmann, Jonas and Sperlich, Billy}, journal = {Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge Jahrgang 63 (2022 Heft 1}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, pages = 75, publisher = {Lehmanns Media}, title = {Retrospektive Analyse ausgew{\"a}hlter Belastungs-und Beanspruchungsparameter einer professionellen Fu{\ss}ball-mannschaft vor und w{\"a}hrend coronabedingter Kontakt-beschr{\"a}nkungen in der Spielsaison 2019/20}, year = 2022 }
• Towards Responsible Medical Diagnostics Recommendation Systems. Schlör, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2209.03760. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2209-03760, author = {Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {Towards Responsible Medical Diagnostics Recommendation Systems}, volume = {abs/2209.03760}, year = 2022 }
• Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance. Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In AI & Society. Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Riedmann_2022, author = {Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {AI & Society}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance}, year = 2022 }
• Addressing Motivation in an E-Learning Scenario by applying Narration and Choice. Schaper, Philipp; Riedmann, Anna; Semineth, Miriam; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 35th British Human-Computer Interaction Conference (BCS HCI 22). 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{schaper2022addressing, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Riedmann, Anna and Semineth, Miriam and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th British Human-Computer Interaction Conference (BCS HCI 22)}, keywords = {mi}, title = {Addressing Motivation in an E-Learning Scenario by applying Narration and Choice}, year = 2022 }
• The Relationship Between the Distribution of Training Intensity and Performance of Kayak and Canoe Sprinters: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of One Season of Competition. Matzka, Manuel; Leppich, Robert; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Sperlich, Billy; Zinner, Christoph. In Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, S. 788108. Frontiers Media SA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{matzka2022relationship, author = {Matzka, Manuel and Leppich, Robert and Holmberg, Hans-Christer and Sperlich, Billy and Zinner, Christoph}, journal = {Frontiers in Sports and Active Living}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = 788108, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, title = {The Relationship Between the Distribution of Training Intensity and Performance of Kayak and Canoe Sprinters: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of One Season of Competition}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Accuracy and Systematic Biases of Heart Rate Measurements by Consumer-Grade Fitness Trackers in Postoperative Patients: Prospective Clinical Trial. Helmer, Philipp; Hottenrott, Sebastian; Rodemers, Philipp; Leppich, Robert; Helwich, Maja; Pryss, Rüdiger; Kranke, Peter; Meybohm, Patrick; Winkler, Bernd E; Sammeth, Michael. In Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(12), S. e42359. JMIR Publications Toronto, Canada, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{helmer2022accuracy, author = {Helmer, Philipp and Hottenrott, Sebastian and Rodemers, Philipp and Leppich, Robert and Helwich, Maja and Pryss, R{\"u}diger and Kranke, Peter and Meybohm, Patrick and Winkler, Bernd E and Sammeth, Michael}, journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 12, pages = {e42359}, publisher = {JMIR Publications Toronto, Canada}, title = {Accuracy and Systematic Biases of Heart Rate Measurements by Consumer-Grade Fitness Trackers in Postoperative Patients: Prospective Clinical Trial}, volume = 24, year = 2022 }
• Retrospective Analysis of Training Intensity Distribution Based on Race Pace Versus Physiological Benchmarks in Highly Trained Sprint Kayakers. Matzka, Manuel; Leppich, Robert; Sperlich, Billy; Zinner, Christoph. In Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), S. 1–12. SpringerOpen, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{matzka2022retrospective, author = {Matzka, Manuel and Leppich, Robert and Sperlich, Billy and Zinner, Christoph}, journal = {Sports Medicine-Open}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 1, pages = {1–12}, publisher = {SpringerOpen}, title = {Retrospective Analysis of Training Intensity Distribution Based on Race Pace Versus Physiological Benchmarks in Highly Trained Sprint Kayakers}, volume = 8, year = 2022 }
• An Experience Report on the Suitability of a Distributed Group Encryption Scheme for an IoT Use Case. Prantl, Thomas; Engel, Simon; Bauer, Andre; Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine; Herrnleben, Stefan; Iffländer, Lukas; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Kounev, Samuel. In 2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022). IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrEnBaAlHeIfDmKo2022-IoT/CPS-DistributedGroupEncryption, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Engel, Simon and Bauer, Andre and Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine and Herrnleben, Stefan and Iffländer, Lukas and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022)}, keywords = {t_workshop}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {An Experience Report on the Suitability of a Distributed Group Encryption Scheme for an IoT Use Case}, year = 2022 }
• Mixed-Cultural Speech for Mixed-Cultural Users - Natural vs. Synthetic Speech for Virtual Agents. Obremski, David; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, S. 290–292. Christchurch, New Zealand, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{obremski:hai:2022:POSTER, author = {Obremski, David and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction}, keywords = {mi}, note = {DOI: 10.1145/3527188.3563910}, pages = {290–292}, title = {Mixed-Cultural Speech for Mixed-Cultural Users - Natural vs. Synthetic Speech for Virtual Agents}, year = 2022 }
• Attitude of Nutrition Experts Toward Psychotherapy and Virtual Reality as Part of Obesity Treatment—An Online Survey. Gemesi, Kathrin; Holzmann, Sophie Laura; Hochrein, Regine; Döllinger, Nina; Wienrich, Carolin; Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra; Luck-Sikorski, Claudia; Holzapfel, Christina. In Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. Frontiers Media SA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{gemesi2022attitude, author = {Gemesi, Kathrin and Holzmann, Sophie Laura and Hochrein, Regine and D{\"o}llinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Weinberger, Natascha-Alexandra and Luck-Sikorski, Claudia and Holzapfel, Christina}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, keywords = {vitras}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, title = {Attitude of Nutrition Experts Toward Psychotherapy and Virtual Reality as Part of Obesity Treatment—An Online Survey}, volume = 13, year = 2022 }
• The Possibility of Inducing the Proteus Effect for Social VR Users. Oyanagi, Akimi; Narumi, Takuji; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Aoyama, Kazuma; Ito, Kenichiro; Amemiya, Tomohiro; Hirose, Michitaka. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, S. 143–158. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The Proteus effect in Virtual Reality (VR) happens when the user's behavior or attitude are affected by their avatar's appearance. The virtual body appearance is somehow affecting the emotional, behavioral and psychological state of its user. In recent years, manipulation of an avatar has become a more common situation because of social VR platforms. It is considered that the Proteus effect can be induced even for social VR users. However, there are possibilities to disrupt the Proteus effect by becoming accustomed to embodying an avatar or attachment to their avatar.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-21707-4_11, abstract = {The Proteus effect in Virtual Reality (VR) happens when the user's behavior or attitude are affected by their avatar's appearance. The virtual body appearance is somehow affecting the emotional, behavioral and psychological state of its user. In recent years, manipulation of an avatar has become a more common situation because of social VR platforms. It is considered that the Proteus effect can be induced even for social VR users. However, there are possibilities to disrupt the Proteus effect by becoming accustomed to embodying an avatar or attachment to their avatar.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Oyanagi, Akimi and Narumi, Takuji and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Aoyama, Kazuma and Ito, Kenichiro and Amemiya, Tomohiro and Hirose, Michitaka}, booktitle = {International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}, keywords = {proteus}, pages = {143–158}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland}, title = {The Possibility of Inducing the Proteus Effect for Social VR Users}, year = 2022 }
• Ein 4D-Browser für historische Fotografien – Forschungspotenziale für die Kunstgeschichte. Das Projekt HistStadt4D. Bruschke, Jonas; Kröber, Cindy; Niebling, Florian. In Landes- und Regionalgeschichte digital, M. Munke (Hrsg.), S. 106–114. Thelem, Dresden und München, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inbook{bruschke20224dbrowser, address = {Dresden und München}, author = {Bruschke, Jonas and Kröber, Cindy and Niebling, Florian}, booktitle = {Landes- und Regionalgeschichte digital}, editor = {Munke, Martin}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, pages = {106-114}, publisher = {Thelem}, title = {Ein 4D-Browser für historische Fotografien – Forschungspotenziale für die Kunstgeschichte. Das Projekt HistStadt4D}, type = {Book Section}, year = 2022 }
• A Theory Based Adaptive Pedagogical Agent in a Reading App for Primary Students - A User Study. Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Jakob, Benedikt; Lugrin, Birgit. In Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Bd. 13284, S. Crossley, E. Popescu (Hrsg.). Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{riedmann2022theory, author = {Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Jakob, Benedikt and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems. ITS 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, editor = {Crossley, S. and Popescu, E.}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {A Theory Based Adaptive Pedagogical Agent in a Reading App for Primary Students - A User Study}, volume = 13284, year = 2022 }
• Iteratively Digitizing an Analogue Syllable-Based Reading Intervention. Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Donnermann, Melissa; Lein, Martina; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Karageorgos, Panagiotis; Müller, Bettina; Richter, Tobias; Lugrin, Birgit. In Interacting with Computers. Oxford University Press, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{2022, author = {Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Donnermann, Melissa and Lein, Martina and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Karageorgos, Panagiotis and Müller, Bettina and Richter, Tobias and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Interacting with Computers}, keywords = {lein}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {Iteratively Digitizing an Analogue Syllable-Based Reading Intervention}, year = 2022 }
• Real-Time Music-Driven Movie Design Framework. Hofmann, Sarah; Seeger, Maximilian; Rogge-Pott, Henning; Mammen, Sebastian von. In Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing, R. Ronfard, H.-Y. Wu (Hrsg.). The Eurographics Association, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Hofmann:2022aa, author = {Hofmann, Sarah and Seeger, Maximilian and Rogge-Pott, Henning and Mammen, Sebastian von}, booktitle = {Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing}, editor = {Ronfard, R{\'e}mi and Wu, Hui-Yin}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {{Real-Time Music-Driven Movie Design Framework}}, year = 2022 }
• Willing to Revise? Confidence and Recommendation Adoption in AI-Assisted Image Recognition. Röseler, Leonore; Scholtes, Ingo; Sendhoff, Bernhard; Hannák, Anikó. In HHAI, Bd. 354 von Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, S. Schlobach, M. Pérez-Ortiz, M. Tielman (Hrsg.), S. 295–297. IOS Press, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/hhai/RoselerSSH22, author = {Röseler, Leonore and Scholtes, Ingo and Sendhoff, Bernhard and Hannák, Anikó}, booktitle = {HHAI}, crossref = {conf/hhai/2022}, editor = {Schlobach, Stefan and Pérez-Ortiz, María and Tielman, Myrthe}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {295-297}, publisher = {IOS Press}, series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications}, title = {Willing to Revise? Confidence and Recommendation Adoption in AI-Assisted Image Recognition.}, volume = 354, year = 2022 }
• Similarity-based Link Prediction from Modular Compression of Network Flows. Blöcker, Christopher; Smiljanic, Jelena; Scholtes, Ingo; Rosvall, Martin. In CoRR, abs/2208.14220. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{journals/corr/abs-2208-14220, author = {Blöcker, Christopher and Smiljanic, Jelena and Scholtes, Ingo and Rosvall, Martin}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Similarity-based Link Prediction from Modular Compression of Network Flows.}, volume = {abs/2208.14220}, year = 2022 }
• Virtual Human Coherence and Plausibility – Towards a Validated Scale. Mal, David; Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Botsch, Mario; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 788–789. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Virtual humans contribute to users’ state of plausibility in various XR applications. We present the development and preliminary evaluation of a self-assessment questionnaire to quantify virtual human’s plausibility in virtual environments based on eleven concise items. A principal component analysis of 650 appraisals collected in an online survey revealed two highly reliable components within the items. We interpret the components as possible factors, i.e., appearance and behavior plausibility and match to the virtual environment, and propose future work aiming towards a standardized virtual human plausibility scale by validating the structure and sensitivity of both sub-components in XR environments.

  @inproceedings{mal2022virtual, abstract = {Virtual humans contribute to users’ state of plausibility in various XR applications. We present the development and preliminary evaluation of a self-assessment questionnaire to quantify virtual human’s plausibility in virtual environments based on eleven concise items. A principal component analysis of 650 appraisals collected in an online survey revealed two highly reliable components within the items. We interpret the components as possible factors, i.e., appearance and behavior plausibility and match to the virtual environment, and propose future work aiming towards a standardized virtual human plausibility scale by validating the structure and sensitivity of both sub-components in XR environments.}, author = {Mal, David and Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Botsch, Mario and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {788-789}, title = {Virtual Human Coherence and Plausibility – Towards a Validated Scale}, year = 2022 }
• The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application. Lugrin, Birgit; Pelachaud, Catherine; Traum, David. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @book{2022, author = {Lugrin, Birgit and Pelachaud, Catherine and Traum, David}, keywords = {MI}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application}, year = 2022 }
• A Multi-Layered User Guidance Framework. Babu, Sooraj K. In Organic Computing Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium (OC-DDC). Kassel University Press, Kassel, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Using a complex software system can pose a difficult challenge for its users, especially for those without technical backgrounds. This paper outlines a concept to deploy Recommender Systems coupled with Intelligent User Interfaces as an effective mechanism to guide a user of a complex software system through context-aware suggestions. More concretely, we focus on an authoring tool that our research draws motivation from and will find opportunities for evaluation---it is a platform that aims at empowering medical professionals to create virtual reality experiences to help their work. This paper elaborates on the envisioned concept and the plan for implementation and evaluation.

  @conference{Babu:2022ac, abstract = {Using a complex software system can pose a difficult challenge for its users, especially for those without technical backgrounds. This paper outlines a concept to deploy Recommender Systems coupled with Intelligent User Interfaces as an effective mechanism to guide a user of a complex software system through context-aware suggestions. More concretely, we focus on an authoring tool that our research draws motivation from and will find opportunities for evaluation—it is a platform that aims at empowering medical professionals to create virtual reality experiences to help their work. This paper elaborates on the envisioned concept and the plan for implementation and evaluation.}, address = {Kassel}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K}, booktitle = {Organic Computing Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium (OC-DDC)}, keywords = {via-vr}, publisher = {Kassel University Press}, title = {A Multi-Layered User Guidance Framework}, year = 2022 }
• Learning Classifier Systems as Recommender Systems. Babu, Sooraj K; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop LIFELIKE 2022. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  A multitude of software domains, ranging from e-commerce services to personal digital assistants, rely on recommender systems (RS) to enhance their performance and customer experience. There are several established approaches to RS, including algorithms, namely, collaborative filtering, content based filtering, and various hybrid systems that use different verticals of data, such as the user’s preferences, the metadata of items to be suggested, etc., to generate recommendations. Contrary to those, we adopt a classifier system to benefit from its rule-based knowledge representation and interwoven learning mechanisms. In this paper, we present our approach and elaborate on its potential use to flexibly and effectively guide a user through the application of an authoring platform.

  @inproceedings{babu2022learning, abstract = {A multitude of software domains, ranging from e-commerce services to personal digital assistants, rely on recommender systems (RS) to enhance their performance and customer experience. There are several established approaches to RS, including algorithms, namely, collaborative filtering, content based filtering, and various hybrid systems that use different verticals of data, such as the user’s preferences, the metadata of items to be suggested, etc., to generate recommendations. Contrary to those, we adopt a classifier system to benefit from its rule-based knowledge representation and interwoven learning mechanisms. In this paper, we present our approach and elaborate on its potential use to flexibly and effectively guide a user through the application of an authoring platform.}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop LIFELIKE 2022}, keywords = {via-vr}, title = {Learning Classifier Systems as Recommender Systems}, year = 2022 }
• Layered drawing of undirected graphs with generalized port constraints. Zink, Johannes; Walter, Julian; Baumeister, Joachim; Wolff, Alexander. In Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 105-106, S. 101886. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The aim of this research is a practical method to draw cable plans of complex machines. Such plans consist of electronic components and cables connecting specific ports of the components. Since the machines are configured for each client individually, cable plans need to be drawn automatically. The drawings must be well readable so that technicians can use them to debug the machines. In order to model plug sockets, we introduce port groups; within a group, ports can change their position (which we use to improve the aesthetics of the layout), but together the ports of a group must form a contiguous block. We approach the problem of drawing such cable plans by extending the well-known Sugiyama framework such that it incorporates ports and port groups. Since the framework assumes directed graphs, we propose several ways to orient the edges of the given undirected graph. We compare these methods experimentally, both on real-world data and synthetic data that carefully simulates real-world data. We measure the aesthetics of the resulting drawings by counting bends and crossings. Using these metrics, we experimentally compare our approach to Kieler JVLC 2014, a library for drawing graphs in the presence of port constraints. Our method produced 10--30 % fewer crossings, while it performed equally well or slightly worse than Kieler with respect to the number of bends and the time used to compute a drawing.

  @article{ZINK2022101886, abstract = {The aim of this research is a practical method to draw cable plans of complex machines. Such plans consist of electronic components and cables connecting specific ports of the components. Since the machines are configured for each client individually, cable plans need to be drawn automatically. The drawings must be well readable so that technicians can use them to debug the machines. In order to model plug sockets, we introduce port groups; within a group, ports can change their position (which we use to improve the aesthetics of the layout), but together the ports of a group must form a contiguous block. We approach the problem of drawing such cable plans by extending the well-known Sugiyama framework such that it incorporates ports and port groups. Since the framework assumes directed graphs, we propose several ways to orient the edges of the given undirected graph. We compare these methods experimentally, both on real-world data and synthetic data that carefully simulates real-world data. We measure the aesthetics of the resulting drawings by counting bends and crossings. Using these metrics, we experimentally compare our approach to Kieler JVLC 2014, a library for drawing graphs in the presence of port constraints. Our method produced 10–30 \% fewer crossings, while it performed equally well or slightly worse than Kieler with respect to the number of bends and the time used to compute a drawing.}, author = {Zink, Johannes and Walter, Julian and Baumeister, Joachim and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 101886, title = {Layered drawing of undirected graphs with generalized port constraints}, volume = {105-106}, year = 2022 }
• Layered Drawing of Undirected Graphs with Generalized Port Constraints. Zink, Johannes; Walter, Julian; Baumeister, Joachim; Wolff, Alexander. In Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 105--106(101886), S. 1–29. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The aim of this research is a practical method to draw cable plans of complex machines. Such plans consist of electronic components and cables connecting specific ports of the components. Since the machines are configured for each client individually, cable plans need to be drawn automatically. The drawings must be well readable so that technicians can use them to debug the machines. In order to model plug sockets, we introduce port groups; within a group, ports can change their position (which we use to improve the aesthetics of the layout), but together the ports of a group must form a contiguous block. par We approach the problem of drawing such cable plans by extending the well-known Sugiyama framework such that it incorporates ports and port groups. Since the framework assumes directed graphs, we propose several ways to orient the edges of the given undirected graph. We compare these methods experimentally, both on real-world data and synthetic data that carefully simulates real-world data. We measure the aesthetics of the resulting drawings by counting bends and crossings. Using these metrics, we experimentally compare our approach to Kieler [JVLC 2014], a library for drawing graphs in the presence of port constraints. Our method produced 10--30 % fewer crossings, while it performed equally well or slightly worse than Kieler with respect to the number of bends and the time used to compute a drawing.

  @article{zwbw-ldugg-CGTA22, abstract = {The aim of this research is a practical method to draw cable plans of complex machines. Such plans consist of electronic components and cables connecting specific ports of the components. Since the machines are configured for each client individually, cable plans need to be drawn automatically. The drawings must be well readable so that technicians can use them to debug the machines. In order to model plug sockets, we introduce port groups; within a group, ports can change their position (which we use to improve the aesthetics of the layout), but together the ports of a group must form a contiguous block. \par We approach the problem of drawing such cable plans by extending the well-known Sugiyama framework such that it incorporates ports and port groups. Since the framework assumes directed graphs, we propose several ways to orient the edges of the given undirected graph. We compare these methods experimentally, both on real-world data and synthetic data that carefully simulates real-world data. We measure the aesthetics of the resulting drawings by counting bends and crossings. Using these metrics, we experimentally compare our approach to Kieler [JVLC 2014], a library for drawing graphs in the presence of port constraints. Our method produced 10–30 \% fewer crossings, while it performed equally well or slightly worse than Kieler with respect to the number of bends and the time used to compute a drawing.}, author = {Zink, Johannes and Walter, Julian and Baumeister, Joachim and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, keywords = {Sugiyama_framework}, number = 101886, pages = {1–29}, title = {Layered Drawing of Undirected Graphs with Generalized Port Constraints}, volume = {105–106}, year = 2022 }
• Ransomware Detection in Databases through Dynamic Analysis of Query Sequences. Sendner, Christoph; Iffländer, Lukas; Schindler, Sebastian; Jobst, Michael; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Kounev, Samuel. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS). 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{sendner2022ransomware, author = {Sendner, Christoph and Iffländer, Lukas and Schindler, Sebastian and Jobst, Michael and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)}, keywords = {sss-group}, title = {Ransomware Detection in Databases through Dynamic Analysis of Query Sequences}, year = 2022 }
• Real-Time Music-Driven Movie Design Framework. Hofmann, Sarah; Seeger, Maximilian; Rogge-Pott, Henning; Mammen, Sebastian von. In Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing, R. Ronfard, H.-Y. Wu (Hrsg.). The Eurographics Association, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{10.2312:wiced.20221052, author = {Hofmann, Sarah and Seeger, Maximilian and Rogge-Pott, Henning and Mammen, Sebastian von}, booktitle = {Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing}, editor = {Ronfard, Rémi and Wu, Hui-Yin}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {The Eurographics Association}, title = {{Real-Time Music-Driven Movie Design Framework}}, year = 2022 }
• Challenge Discussion on Socially Interactive Agents: Considerations on Social Interaction, Computational Architectures, Evaluation, and Ethics. Lugrin, Birgit; Pelachaud, Catherine; André, Elisabeth; Aylett, Ruth; Bickmore, Timothy; Breazeal, Cynthia; Broekens, Joost; Dautenhahn, Kerstin; Gratch, Jonathan; Kopp, Stefan; Nadel, Jacqueline; Paiva, Ana; Wykowska, Agnieszka. In The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application, S. 561–626. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inbook{10.1145/3563659.3563677, author = {Lugrin, Birgit and Pelachaud, Catherine and André, Elisabeth and Aylett, Ruth and Bickmore, Timothy and Breazeal, Cynthia and Broekens, Joost and Dautenhahn, Kerstin and Gratch, Jonathan and Kopp, Stefan and Nadel, Jacqueline and Paiva, Ana and Wykowska, Agnieszka}, journal = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 2: Interactivity, Platforms, Application}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {561–626}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Challenge Discussion on Socially Interactive Agents: Considerations on Social Interaction, Computational Architectures, Evaluation, and Ethics}, year = 2022 }
• A multi-method approach to compare presence, fear induction and desensitization in survival horror games within the reality-virtuality-continuum. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Eckstein, Benjamin; Lugrin, Birgit. In Entertainment Computing, S. 100539. Elsevier, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Steinhaeusser_2022, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Eckstein, Benjamin and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Entertainment Computing}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, pages = 100539, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {A multi-method approach to compare presence, fear induction and desensitization in survival horror games within the reality-virtuality-continuum}, year = 2022 }
• Controlling the STAGE: A High-Level Control System for Virtual Audiences In Virtual Reality. Glémarec, Yann; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Bosser, Anne-Gwenn; Buche, Cedric; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality – Virtual Reality and Human Behaviour, 3, S. 2673–4192. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  This article presents a novel method for controlling a virtual audience system (VAS) in Virtual Reality (VR) application, called STAGE, which has been originally designed for supervised public speaking training in university seminars dedicated to the preparation and delivery of scientific talks. We are interested in creating pedagogical \emph{narratives: narratives encompass affective phenomena and rather than organizing events changing the course of a training scenario, pedagogical plans using our system focus on organizing the affects it arouses for the trainees. Efficiently controlling a virtual audience towards a specific training objective while evaluating the speaker's performance presents a challenge for a seminar instructor: the high level of cognitive and physical demands required to be able to control the virtual audience, whilst evaluating speaker's performance, adjusting and allowing it to quickly react to the user’s behaviors and interactions. It is indeed a critical limitation of a number of existing systems that they rely on a Wizard of Oz approach, where the tutor drives the audience in reaction to the user’s performance. We address this problem by integrating with a VAS a high-level control component for tutors, which allows using predefined audience behavior rules, defining custom ones, as well as intervening during run-time for finer control of the unfolding of the pedagogical plan. At its core, this component offers a tool to program, select, modify and monitor interactive training narratives using a high-level representation. The STAGE offers the following features: i) a high-level API to program pedagogical narratives focusing on a specific public speaking situation and training objectives, ii) an interactive visualization interface iii) computation and visualization of user metrics, iv) a semi-autonomous virtual audience composed of virtual spectators with automatic reactions to the speaker and surrounding spectators while following the pedagogical plan V) and the possibility for the instructor to embody a virtual spectator to ask questions or guide the speaker from within the Virtual Environment. We present here the design, implementation of the tutoring system and its integration in STAGE, and discuss its reception by end-users.

  @article{glemarec2022controlling, abstract = {This article presents a novel method for controlling a virtual audience system (VAS) in Virtual Reality (VR) application, called STAGE, which has been originally designed for supervised public speaking training in university seminars dedicated to the preparation and delivery of scientific talks. We are interested in creating pedagogical \emph{narratives}: narratives encompass affective phenomena and rather than organizing events changing the course of a training scenario, pedagogical plans using our system focus on organizing the affects it arouses for the trainees. Efficiently controlling a virtual audience towards a specific training objective while evaluating the speaker's performance presents a challenge for a seminar instructor: the high level of cognitive and physical demands required to be able to control the virtual audience, whilst evaluating speaker's performance, adjusting and allowing it to quickly react to the user’s behaviors and interactions. It is indeed a critical limitation of a number of existing systems that they rely on a Wizard of Oz approach, where the tutor drives the audience in reaction to the user’s performance. We address this problem by integrating with a VAS a high-level control component for tutors, which allows using predefined audience behavior rules, defining custom ones, as well as intervening during run-time for finer control of the unfolding of the pedagogical plan. At its core, this component offers a tool to program, select, modify and monitor interactive training narratives using a high-level representation. The STAGE offers the following features: i) a high-level API to program pedagogical narratives focusing on a specific public speaking situation and training objectives, ii) an interactive visualization interface iii) computation and visualization of user metrics, iv) a semi-autonomous virtual audience composed of virtual spectators with automatic reactions to the speaker and surrounding spectators while following the pedagogical plan V) and the possibility for the instructor to embody a virtual spectator to ask questions or guide the speaker from within the Virtual Environment. We present here the design, implementation of the tutoring system and its integration in STAGE, and discuss its reception by end-users.}, author = {Glémarec, Yann and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Bosser, Anne-Gwenn and Buche, Cedric and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality – Virtual Reality and Human Behaviour}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {2673–4192}, title = {Controlling the STAGE: A High-Level Control System for Virtual Audiences In Virtual Reality}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Does Distance Matter? Embodiment and Perception of Personalized Avatars in Relation to the Self-Observation Distance in Virtual Reality. Wolf, Erik; Döllinger, Nina; Mal, David; Wenninger, Stephan; Bartl, Andrea; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Virtual reality applications employing avatar embodiment typically use virtual mirrors to allow users to perceive their digital selves not only from a first-person perspective but also from a holistic third-person view. However, due to distance-related biases such as the distance compression effect or a reduced relative rendering resolution, the self-observation distance (SOD) between the user and the virtual mirror might influence how users perceive their embodied avatar. Our article systematically investigates the effects of a short (1 meter), middle (2.5 meter), and far (4 meter) SOD between user and mirror on the perception of personalized and self-embodied avatars. The avatars were photorealistic reconstructed using state-of-the-art photogrammetric methods. Thirty participants were repeatedly exposed to their real-time animated self-embodied avatars in each of the three SOD conditions. In each condition, the personalized avatars were repeatedly altered in their body weight, and participants were asked to judge the (1) sense of embodiment, (2) body weight perception, and (3) affective appraisal towards their avatar. We found that the different SODs are unlikely to influence any of our measures except for the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. Here, the participants judged the difficulty significantly higher for the farthest SOD. We further found that the participants' self-esteem significantly impacted their ability to modify their avatar's body weight to their current body weight and that it positively correlated with the perceived attractiveness of the avatar. Additionally, the participants' concerns about their body shape affected how eerie they perceived their avatars. Both measures influenced the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. For practical application, we conclude that the virtual mirror in embodiment scenarios can be freely placed and varied at a distance of one to four meters from the user without expecting major effects on the perception of the avatar.

  @article{wolf2022distance, abstract = {Virtual reality applications employing avatar embodiment typically use virtual mirrors to allow users to perceive their digital selves not only from a first-person perspective but also from a holistic third-person view. However, due to distance-related biases such as the distance compression effect or a reduced relative rendering resolution, the self-observation distance (SOD) between the user and the virtual mirror might influence how users perceive their embodied avatar. Our article systematically investigates the effects of a short (1 meter), middle (2.5 meter), and far (4 meter) SOD between user and mirror on the perception of personalized and self-embodied avatars. The avatars were photorealistic reconstructed using state-of-the-art photogrammetric methods. Thirty participants were repeatedly exposed to their real-time animated self-embodied avatars in each of the three SOD conditions. In each condition, the personalized avatars were repeatedly altered in their body weight, and participants were asked to judge the (1) sense of embodiment, (2) body weight perception, and (3) affective appraisal towards their avatar. We found that the different SODs are unlikely to influence any of our measures except for the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. Here, the participants judged the difficulty significantly higher for the farthest SOD. We further found that the participants' self-esteem significantly impacted their ability to modify their avatar's body weight to their current body weight and that it positively correlated with the perceived attractiveness of the avatar. Additionally, the participants' concerns about their body shape affected how eerie they perceived their avatars. Both measures influenced the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. For practical application, we conclude that the virtual mirror in embodiment scenarios can be freely placed and varied at a distance of one to four meters from the user without expecting major effects on the perception of the avatar.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Döllinger, Nina and Mal, David and Wenninger, Stephan and Bartl, Andrea and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {dmal}, title = {Does Distance Matter? Embodiment and Perception of Personalized Avatars in Relation to the Self-Observation Distance in Virtual Reality}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Usability and User Experience of Virtual Objects Supporting Learning and Communicating in Virtual Reality. Hein, Rebecca; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, B. Pfleging, K. Gerling, S. Mayer (Hrsg.), S. 510–514. ACM, New York, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This study aims to evaluate the usability and user experience of the InteractionSuitecase. This is a collection of virtual objects that have cultural connotations (associated with German or Anglo-American culture). They are intended to promote communication about cultural differences and similarities in English lessons at German schools. They are thus part of a didactic concept for using social VR for trans- and intercultural learning. Future teacher used the virtual objects during a practical seminar and rated them as useful. Further they associates a positive user experience. Since the virtual objects should encourage communication, the sense of connectedness instead of isolation is a very important results. The results proved the readiness of the InteractionSuitcase for further pedagogical applications.

  @inproceedings{mci/Hein2022, abstract = {This study aims to evaluate the usability and user experience of the InteractionSuitecase. This is a collection of virtual objects that have cultural connotations (associated with German or Anglo-American culture). They are intended to promote communication about cultural differences and similarities in English lessons at German schools. They are thus part of a didactic concept for using social VR for trans- and intercultural learning. Future teacher used the virtual objects during a practical seminar and rated them as useful. Further they associates a positive user experience. Since the virtual objects should encourage communication, the sense of connectedness instead of isolation is a very important results. The results proved the readiness of the InteractionSuitcase for further pedagogical applications.}, address = {New York}, author = {Hein, Rebecca and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband}, editor = {Pfleging, Bastian and Gerling, Kathrin and Mayer, Sven}, keywords = {coteach}, pages = {510-514}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Usability and User Experience of Virtual Objects Supporting Learning and Communicating in Virtual Reality}, year = 2022 }
• Remote at Court – Challenges and Solutions of Video Conferencing in the Judicial System. Wienrich, Carolin; Fries, Lennart; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings 25th HCI International Conference, Bd. Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications, S. 82–106. Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{wienrich2022remote, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Fries, Lennart and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings 25th HCI International Conference}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, pages = {82-106}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Remote at Court – Challenges and Solutions of Video Conferencing in the Judicial System}, volume = {Design, Operation and Evaluation of Mobile Communications}, year = 2022 }
• Interactive, Visual Simulation of a Spatio-Temporal Model of Gas Exchange in the Human Alveolus. Schmid, Kerstin; Knote, Andreas; Mück, Alexander; Pfeiffer, Keram; von Mammen, Sebastian; Fischer, Sabine C. In Frontiers in Bioinformatics, 1. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In interdisciplinary fields such as systems biology, good communication between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the success of a project. Theoretical modeling in physiology usually describes complex systems with many interdependencies. On one hand, these models have to be grounded on experimental data. On the other hand, experimenters must be able to understand the interdependent complexities of the theoretical model in order to interpret the model’s results in the physiological context. We promote interactive, visual simulations as an engaging way to present theoretical models in physiology and to make complex processes tangible. Based on a requirements analysis, we developed a new model for gas exchange in the human alveolus in combination with an interactive simulation software named Alvin. Alvin exceeds the current standard with its spatio-temporal resolution and a combination of visual and quantitative feedback. In Alvin, the course of the simulation can be traced in a three-dimensional rendering of an alveolus and dynamic plots. The user can interact by configuring essential model parameters. Alvin allows to run and compare multiple simulation instances simultaneously. We exemplified the use of Alvin for research by identifying unknown dependencies in published experimental data. Employing a detailed questionnaire, we showed the benefits of Alvin for education. We postulate that interactive, visual simulation of theoretical models, as we have implemented with Alvin on respiratory processes in the alveolus, can be of great help for communication between specialists and thereby advancing research.

  @article{10.3389/fbinf.2021.774300, abstract = {In interdisciplinary fields such as systems biology, good communication between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the success of a project. Theoretical modeling in physiology usually describes complex systems with many interdependencies. On one hand, these models have to be grounded on experimental data. On the other hand, experimenters must be able to understand the interdependent complexities of the theoretical model in order to interpret the model’s results in the physiological context. We promote interactive, visual simulations as an engaging way to present theoretical models in physiology and to make complex processes tangible. Based on a requirements analysis, we developed a new model for gas exchange in the human alveolus in combination with an interactive simulation software named Alvin. Alvin exceeds the current standard with its spatio-temporal resolution and a combination of visual and quantitative feedback. In Alvin, the course of the simulation can be traced in a three-dimensional rendering of an alveolus and dynamic plots. The user can interact by configuring essential model parameters. Alvin allows to run and compare multiple simulation instances simultaneously. We exemplified the use of Alvin for research by identifying unknown dependencies in published experimental data. Employing a detailed questionnaire, we showed the benefits of Alvin for education. We postulate that interactive, visual simulation of theoretical models, as we have implemented with Alvin on respiratory processes in the alveolus, can be of great help for communication between specialists and thereby advancing research.}, author = {Schmid, Kerstin and Knote, Andreas and Mück, Alexander and Pfeiffer, Keram and von Mammen, Sebastian and Fischer, Sabine C.}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Interactive, Visual Simulation of a Spatio-Temporal Model of Gas Exchange in the Human Alveolus}, volume = 1, year = 2022 }
• Interactive, Visual Simulation of a Spatio-Temporal Model of Gas Exchange in the Human Alveolus. Schmid, Kerstin; Knote, Andreas; Mück, Alexander; Pfeiffer, Keram; von Mammen, Sebastian; Fischer, Sabine C. In Frontiers in Bioinformatics, 1. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In interdisciplinary fields such as systems biology, good communication between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the success of a project. Theoretical modeling in physiology usually describes complex systems with many interdependencies. On one hand, these models have to be grounded on experimental data. On the other hand, experimenters must be able to understand the interdependent complexities of the theoretical model in order to interpret the model's results in the physiological context. We promote interactive, visual simulations as an engaging way to present theoretical models in physiology and to make complex processes tangible. Based on a requirements analysis, we developed a new model for gas exchange in the human alveolus in combination with an interactive simulation software named Alvin. Alvin exceeds the current standard with its spatio-temporal resolution and a combination of visual and quantitative feedback. In Alvin, the course of the simulation can be traced in a three-dimensional rendering of an alveolus and dynamic plots. The user can interact by configuring essential model parameters. Alvin allows to run and compare multiple simulation instances simultaneously. We exemplified the use of Alvin for research by identifying unknown dependencies in published experimental data. Employing a detailed questionnaire, we showed the benefits of Alvin for education. We postulate that interactive, visual simulation of theoretical models, as we have implemented with Alvin on respiratory processes in the alveolus, can be of great help for communication between specialists and thereby advancing research.

  @article{Schmid:2022aa, abstract = {In interdisciplinary fields such as systems biology, good communication between experimentalists and theorists is crucial for the success of a project. Theoretical modeling in physiology usually describes complex systems with many interdependencies. On one hand, these models have to be grounded on experimental data. On the other hand, experimenters must be able to understand the interdependent complexities of the theoretical model in order to interpret the model's results in the physiological context. We promote interactive, visual simulations as an engaging way to present theoretical models in physiology and to make complex processes tangible. Based on a requirements analysis, we developed a new model for gas exchange in the human alveolus in combination with an interactive simulation software named Alvin. Alvin exceeds the current standard with its spatio-temporal resolution and a combination of visual and quantitative feedback. In Alvin, the course of the simulation can be traced in a three-dimensional rendering of an alveolus and dynamic plots. The user can interact by configuring essential model parameters. Alvin allows to run and compare multiple simulation instances simultaneously. We exemplified the use of Alvin for research by identifying unknown dependencies in published experimental data. Employing a detailed questionnaire, we showed the benefits of Alvin for education. We postulate that interactive, visual simulation of theoretical models, as we have implemented with Alvin on respiratory processes in the alveolus, can be of great help for communication between specialists and thereby advancing research.}, author = {Schmid, Kerstin and Knote, Andreas and M{\"u}ck, Alexander and Pfeiffer, Keram and von Mammen, Sebastian and Fischer, Sabine C.}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioinformatics}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Interactive, Visual Simulation of a Spatio-Temporal Model of Gas Exchange in the Human Alveolus}, volume = 1, year = 2022 }
• CortexVR: Immersive analysis and training of cognitive executive functions of soccer players using virtual reality and machine learning. Krupitzer, Christian; Naber, Jens; Stauffert, Jan-Philipp; Mayer, Jan; Spielmann, Jan; Ehmann, Paul; Boci, Noel; Bürkle, Maurice; Ho, André; Komorek, Clemens; Heinickel, Felix; Kounev, Samuel; Becker, Christian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Frontiers, 2022.
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  Goal: This paper presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to analyze and train Executive Functions (EFs) of soccer players. EFs are important cognitive functions for athletes. They are a relevant quality that distinguishes amateurs from professionals. Method: The system is based on immersive technology, hence, the user interacts naturally and experiences a training session in a virtual world. The proposed system has a modular design supporting the extension of various so-called game modes. Game modes combine selected game mechanics with specific simulation content to target particular training aspects. The system architecture decouples selection/parameterization and analysis of training sessions via a coaching app from an Unity3D-based VR simulation core. Monitoring of user performance and progress is recorded by a database that sends the necessary feedback to the coaching app for analysis. Results: The system is tested for VR-critical performance criteria to reveal the usefulness of a new interaction paradigm in the cognitive training and analysis of EFs. Subjective ratings for overall usability show that the design as VR application enhances the user experience compared to a traditional desktop app; whereas the new, unfamiliar interaction paradigm does not negatively impact the effort for using the application. Conclusion: The system can provide immersive training of EF in a fully virtual environment, eliminating potential distraction. It further provides an easy-to-use analyzes tool to compare user but also an automatic, adaptive training mode.

  @article{krupitzer2022cortexvr, abstract = {Goal: This paper presents an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system to analyze and train Executive Functions (EFs) of soccer players. EFs are important cognitive functions for athletes. They are a relevant quality that distinguishes amateurs from professionals. Method: The system is based on immersive technology, hence, the user interacts naturally and experiences a training session in a virtual world. The proposed system has a modular design supporting the extension of various so-called game modes. Game modes combine selected game mechanics with specific simulation content to target particular training aspects. The system architecture decouples selection/parameterization and analysis of training sessions via a coaching app from an Unity3D-based VR simulation core. Monitoring of user performance and progress is recorded by a database that sends the necessary feedback to the coaching app for analysis. Results: The system is tested for VR-critical performance criteria to reveal the usefulness of a new interaction paradigm in the cognitive training and analysis of EFs. Subjective ratings for overall usability show that the design as VR application enhances the user experience compared to a traditional desktop app; whereas the new, unfamiliar interaction paradigm does not negatively impact the effort for using the application. Conclusion: The system can provide immersive training of EF in a fully virtual environment, eliminating potential distraction. It further provides an easy-to-use analyzes tool to compare user but also an automatic, adaptive training mode.}, author = {Krupitzer, Christian and Naber, Jens and Stauffert, Jan-Philipp and Mayer, Jan and Spielmann, Jan and Ehmann, Paul and Boci, Noel and Bürkle, Maurice and Ho, André and Komorek, Clemens and Heinickel, Felix and Kounev, Samuel and Becker, Christian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, keywords = {own}, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {CortexVR: Immersive analysis and training of cognitive executive functions of soccer players using virtual reality and machine learning}, volume = 13, year = 2022 }
• One Graph to Rule them All: Using NLP and Graph Neural Networks to analyse Tolkien’s Legendarium. Perri, Vincenzo; Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas; Scholtes, Ingo. In Proceedings of the Computational Humanities Research Conference 2022, CHR 2022, Antwerp, Belgium, December 12-14, 2022, Bd. 3290 von CEUR Workshop Proceedings, F. Karsdorp, K. L. Nielbo (Hrsg.), S. 291–317. CEUR-WS.org, 2022.
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  @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/chr/PerriQZHS22, author = {Perri, Vincenzo and Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Computational Humanities Research Conference 2022, {CHR} 2022, Antwerp, Belgium, December 12-14, 2022}, editor = {Karsdorp, Folgert and Nielbo, Kristoffer L.}, keywords = 2022, pages = {291–317}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {{CEUR} Workshop Proceedings}, title = {One Graph to Rule them All: Using {NLP} and Graph Neural Networks to analyse Tolkien's Legendarium}, volume = 3290, year = 2022 }
• Multimodale KI zur Unterstützung geschichtswissenschaftlicher Quellenkritik – Ein Forschungsaufriss. Münster, Sander; Bruschke, Jonas; Kröber, Cindy; Hoppe, Stephan; Maiwald, Ferdinand; Niebling, Florian; Pattee, Aaron; Utescher, Ronja; Zarriess, Sina. In DHd2022: Kulturen des digitalen Gedächtnisses, S. 179–182. 2022.
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  @inproceedings{mnster2022multimodale, author = {Münster, Sander and Bruschke, Jonas and Kröber, Cindy and Hoppe, Stephan and Maiwald, Ferdinand and Niebling, Florian and Pattee, Aaron and Utescher, Ronja and Zarriess, Sina}, booktitle = {DHd2022: Kulturen des digitalen Gedächtnisses}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, pages = {179–182}, title = {Multimodale KI zur Unterstützung geschichtswissenschaftlicher Quellenkritik – Ein Forschungsaufriss}, type = {Conference Proceedings}, year = 2022 }
• Resize Me! Exploring the User Experience of Embodied Realistic Modulatable Avatars for Body Image Intervention in Virtual Reality. Döllinger, Nina; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Wenninger, Stephan; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3. 2022.
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  Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system’s impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.

  @article{dollinger2022resizeme, abstract = {Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system’s impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {dmal}, title = {Resize Me! Exploring the User Experience of Embodied Realistic Modulatable Avatars for Body Image Intervention in Virtual Reality}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Classroom management competency enhancement for student teachers using a fully immersive virtual classroom. Seufert, Christian; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Roth, Alice; Grafe, Silke; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Computers & Education, 179, S. 104410. 2022.
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  The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-service teachers studying classroom management (CM) in a virtual reality (VR)-supported setting enhance their CM competencies more than students do in a setting using conventional methods. With this aim in mind and to address a lack of available situations of practicing and reflecting CM competencies besides simply gaining theoretical knowledge about CM in education, we integrated a novel fully immersive VR application in selected CM courses. We evaluated the development of self-assessed and instructor-rated CM competencies and the learning quality in the different learning conditions. Additionally, we evaluated the presence, social presence, believability and utility of the VR application and the VR-assisted and video-assisted course. Participants were pre-service teachers (n = 55) of the University of Würzburg who participated in a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test intervention. The students were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: the test group used the virtual classroom Breaking Bad Behaviors (BBB) during the term (n = 39), and the comparison group's learning was video-assisted (n = 16). The instructor rating shows significant differences between the VR group and the video group, the two points of measurement and for the interaction between the condition and time of measurement. It demonstrates a highly significant improvement in CM competencies in the VR setting between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.06) as compared to the video-based setting. The participants of the VR setting themselves rated their CM competencies in the post-test significantly higher than in the pre-test (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.39). Interestingly, the video group also rated themselves better in the post-test (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.67), which reveals that self-assessment and external assessment show different results. In addition, we observed that even if both groups gained similar theoretical knowledge, the CM competencies developed to a greater degree in the VR-based settings. The participants rated the CM training system a useful tool to evaluate and reflect on individual teacher actions. Its immersion contributes to a high presence and the simulation of realistic scenarios in a CM course. These findings suggest that VR-based settings can lead to a higher benefit in the enhancement of pre-service teachers' CM competencies.

  @article{seufert:2022n, abstract = {The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-service teachers studying classroom management (CM) in a virtual reality (VR)-supported setting enhance their CM competencies more than students do in a setting using conventional methods. With this aim in mind and to address a lack of available situations of practicing and reflecting CM competencies besides simply gaining theoretical knowledge about CM in education, we integrated a novel fully immersive VR application in selected CM courses. We evaluated the development of self-assessed and instructor-rated CM competencies and the learning quality in the different learning conditions. Additionally, we evaluated the presence, social presence, believability and utility of the VR application and the VR-assisted and video-assisted course. Participants were pre-service teachers (n = 55) of the University of W{\"u}rzburg who participated in a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test intervention. The students were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: the test group used the virtual classroom Breaking Bad Behaviors (BBB) during the term (n = 39), and the comparison group's learning was video-assisted (n = 16). The instructor rating shows significant differences between the VR group and the video group, the two points of measurement and for the interaction between the condition and time of measurement. It demonstrates a highly significant improvement in CM competencies in the VR setting between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.06) as compared to the video-based setting. The participants of the VR setting themselves rated their CM competencies in the post-test significantly higher than in the pre-test (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.39). Interestingly, the video group also rated themselves better in the post-test (p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.67), which reveals that self-assessment and external assessment show different results. In addition, we observed that even if both groups gained similar theoretical knowledge, the CM competencies developed to a greater degree in the VR-based settings. The participants rated the CM training system a useful tool to evaluate and reflect on individual teacher actions. Its immersion contributes to a high presence and the simulation of realistic scenarios in a CM course. These findings suggest that VR-based settings can lead to a higher benefit in the enhancement of pre-service teachers' CM competencies.}, author = {Seufert, Christian and Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and Roth, Alice and Grafe, Silke and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Computers & Education}, keywords = {education}, pages = 104410, title = {Classroom management competency enhancement for student teachers using a fully immersive virtual classroom}, volume = 179, year = 2022 }
• MiSim: A Simulator for Resilience Assessment of Microservice-based Architectures. Frank, Sebastian; Wagner, Lion; Hakamian, Alireza; Straesser, Martin; van Hoorn, Andre. In 2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS), S. 1014–1025. IEEE, 2022.
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  Increased resilience compared to monolithic architectures is both one of the key promises of microservice-based architectures and a big challenge, e.g., due to the systems’ distributed nature. Resilience assessment through simulation requires fewer resources than the measurement-based techniques used in practice. However, there is no existing simulation approach that is suitable for a holistic resilience assessment of microservices comprised of (i) representative fault injections, (ii) common resilience mechanisms, and (iii) time-varying workloads. This paper presents MiSim — an extensible simulator for resilience assessment of microservice-based architectures. It overcomes the stated limitations of related work. MiSim fits resilience engineering practices by supporting scenario-based experiments and requiring only lightweight input models. We demonstrate how MiSim simulates (1) common resilience mechanisms — i.e., circuit breaker, connection limiter, retry, load balancer, and autoscaler — and (2) fault injections — i.e., instance/service killing and latency injections. In addition, we use TeaStore, a reference microservice-based architecture, aiming to reproduce scaling behavior from an experiment by using simulation. Our results show that MiSim allows for quantitative insights into microservice-based systems’ complex transient behavior by providing up to 25 metrics.

  @inproceedings{FrankWagnerHakamianStraesserVanHoorn2022MiSim, abstract = {Increased resilience compared to monolithic architectures is both one of the key promises of microservice-based architectures and a big challenge, e.g., due to the systems’ distributed nature. Resilience assessment through simulation requires fewer resources than the measurement-based techniques used in practice. However, there is no existing simulation approach that is suitable for a holistic resilience assessment of microservices comprised of (i) representative fault injections, (ii) common resilience mechanisms, and (iii) time-varying workloads. This paper presents MiSim — an extensible simulator for resilience assessment of microservice-based architectures. It overcomes the stated limitations of related work. MiSim fits resilience engineering practices by supporting scenario-based experiments and requiring only lightweight input models. We demonstrate how MiSim simulates (1) common resilience mechanisms — i.e., circuit breaker, connection limiter, retry, load balancer, and autoscaler — and (2) fault injections — i.e., instance/service killing and latency injections. In addition, we use TeaStore, a reference microservice-based architecture, aiming to reproduce scaling behavior from an experiment by using simulation. Our results show that MiSim allows for quantitative insights into microservice-based systems’ complex transient behavior by providing up to 25 metrics.}, author = {Frank, Sebastian and Wagner, Lion and Hakamian, Alireza and Straesser, Martin and van Hoorn, Andre}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS)}, keywords = {resilience}, pages = {1014-1025}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {MiSim: A Simulator for Resilience Assessment of Microservice-based Architectures}, year = 2022 }
• Predicting Influential Higher-Order Patterns in Temporal Network Data. Gote, Christoph; Perri, Vincenzo; Scholtes, Ingo. In ASONAM, S. 109–116. IEEE, 2022.
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  @inproceedings{conf/asunam/GotePS22, author = {Gote, Christoph and Perri, Vincenzo and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {ASONAM}, crossref = {conf/asunam/2022}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {109-116}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Predicting Influential Higher-Order Patterns in Temporal Network Data.}, year = 2022 }
• One Graph to Rule them All: Using NLP and Graph Neural Networks to analyse Tolkien’s Legendarium. Perri, Vincenzo; Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Zehe, Albin; Hotho, Andreas; Scholtes, Ingo. In CHR, Bd. 3290 von CEUR Workshop Proceedings, F. Karsdorp, K. L. Nielbo (Hrsg.), S. 291–317. CEUR-WS.org, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/chr/PerriQZHS22, author = {Perri, Vincenzo and Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Zehe, Albin and Hotho, Andreas and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {CHR}, crossref = {conf/chr/2022}, editor = {Karsdorp, Folgert and Nielbo, Kristoffer L.}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {291-317}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, title = {One Graph to Rule them All: Using NLP and Graph Neural Networks to analyse Tolkien's Legendarium.}, volume = 3290, year = 2022 }
• CortexVR: Immersive analysis and training of cognitive executive functions of soccer players using virtual reality and machine learning. Krupitzer, Christian; Naber, Jens; Stauffert, Jan-Philipp; Mayer, Jan; Spielmann, Jan; Ehmann, Paul; Boci, Noel; Bürkle, Maurice; Ho, André; Komorek, Clemens; Heinickel, Felix; Kounev, Samuel; Becker, Christian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Psychology, S. 5139. Frontiers, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{krupitzer2022cortexvr, author = {Krupitzer, Christian and Naber, Jens and Stauffert, Jan-Philipp and Mayer, Jan and Spielmann, Jan and Ehmann, Paul and Boci, Noel and B{\"u}rkle, Maurice and Ho, Andr{\'e} and Komorek, Clemens and Heinickel, Felix and Kounev, Samuel and Becker, Christian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = 5139, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {CortexVR: Immersive analysis and training of cognitive executive functions of soccer players using virtual reality and machine learning}, year = 2022 }
• De Bruijn goes Neural: Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Time Series Data on Dynamic Graphs. Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Perri, Vincenzo; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2209.08311. 2022.
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  @article{journals/corr/abs-2209-08311, author = {Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Perri, Vincenzo and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {De Bruijn goes Neural: Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Time Series Data on Dynamic Graphs.}, volume = {abs/2209.08311}, year = 2022 }
• Coloring Mixed and Directional Interval Graphs. Gutowski, Grzegorz; Mittelstädt, Florian; Rutter, Ignaz; Spoerhase, Joachim; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 30th International Symposium Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD’22), Bd. 13764, S. 418–431. 2022.
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  @inproceedings{gutowski-etal22:mixed-interval-graphs, author = {Gutowski, Grzegorz and Mittelst{\"{a}}dt, Florian and Rutter, Ignaz and Spoerhase, Joachim and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 30th International Symposium Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD'22)}, keywords = {graph}, pages = {418–431}, title = {Coloring Mixed and Directional Interval Graphs}, volume = 13764, year = 2022 }
• Identification of clinically distinct and prognostically important phenogroups in patients with acute heart failure by a machine learning approach. Albert, J Judith; Leppich, R; Borst, V; Sahiti, F; Scholz, N; Cejka, V; Morbach, C; Ertl, G; Angermann, C; Frantz, S; others. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE, Bd. 24, S. 179–179. WILEY 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{albert2022identification, author = {Albert, J Judith and Leppich, R and Borst, V and Sahiti, F and Scholz, N and Cejka, V and Morbach, C and Ertl, G and Angermann, C and Frantz, S and others}, booktitle = {EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, organization = {WILEY 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}, pages = {179–179}, title = {Identification of clinically distinct and prognostically important phenogroups in patients with acute heart failure by a machine learning approach}, volume = 24, year = 2022 }
• Semi-unsupervised Learning for Time Series Classification. Davidson, Padraig; Steininger, Michael; Huhn, André; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2207.03119. 2022.
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  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2207-03119, author = {Davidson, Padraig and Steininger, Michael and Huhn, Andr{\'{e}} and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {Semi-unsupervised Learning for Time Series Classification}, volume = {abs/2207.03119}, year = 2022 }
• Leveraging Kubernetes Source Code for Performance Simulation. Straesser, Martin; Haas, Patrick. 2022.
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  @presentation{straesser2022leveraging, author = {Straesser, Martin and Haas, Patrick}, keywords = {container_orchestration}, title = {Leveraging Kubernetes Source Code for Performance Simulation}, year = 2022 }
• Virtual Reality im modernen Englischunterricht und das Potenzial für Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen. Hein, Rebecca; Steinbock, Jeanine; Eisenmann, Maria; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung, 47, S. 246–266. 2022.
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  @article{hein2021medienpaed, author = {Hein, Rebecca and Steinbock, Jeanine and Eisenmann, Maria and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, keywords = {coteach}, pages = {246-266}, title = {Virtual Reality im modernen Englischunterricht und das Potenzial für Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen}, volume = 47, year = 2022 }
• On Learning Hierarchical Embeddings from Encrypted Network Traffic. Wehner, Nikolas; Ring, Markus; Schüler, Joshua; Hotho, Andreas; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 2022 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2022, Budapest, Hungary, April 25-29, 2022, S. 1–7. IEEE, 2022.
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  @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/noms/WehnerRSHHS22, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Ring, Markus and Sch{\"{u}}ler, Joshua and Hotho, Andreas and Ho{\ss}feld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {2022 {IEEE/IFIP} Network Operations and Management Symposium, {NOMS} 2022, Budapest, Hungary, April 25-29, 2022}, keywords = 2022, pages = {1–7}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {On Learning Hierarchical Embeddings from Encrypted Network Traffic}, year = 2022 }
• On Background Bias in Deep Metric Learning. Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2210.01615. 2022.
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  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2210-01615, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {On Background Bias in Deep Metric Learning}, volume = {abs/2210.01615}, year = 2022 }
• CLIP knows image aesthetics. Hentschel, Simon; Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 5, S. 976235. 2022.
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  • [ DOI ]
  Most Image Aesthetic Assessment (IAA) methods use a pretrained ImageNet classification model as a base to fine-tune. We hypothesize that content classification is not an optimal pretraining task for IAA, since the task discourages the extraction of features that are useful for IAA, e.g., composition, lighting, or style. On the other hand, we argue that the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) model is a better base for IAA models, since it has been trained using natural language supervision. Due to the rich nature of language, CLIP needs to learn a broad range of image features that correlate with sentences describing the image content, composition, environments, and even subjective feelings about the image. While it has been shown that CLIP extracts features useful for content classification tasks, its suitability for tasks that require the extraction of style-based features like IAA has not yet been shown. We test our hypothesis by conducting a three-step study, investigating the usefulness of features extracted by CLIP compared to features obtained from the last layer of a comparable ImageNet classification model. In each step, we get more computationally expensive. First, we engineer natural language prompts that let CLIP assess an image's aesthetic without adjusting any weights in the model. To overcome the challenge that CLIP's prompting only is applicable to classification tasks, we propose a simple but effective strategy to convert multiple prompts to a continuous scalar as required when predicting an image's mean aesthetic score. Second, we train a linear regression on the AVA dataset using image features obtained by CLIP's image encoder. The resulting model outperforms a linear regression trained on features from an ImageNet classification model. It also shows competitive performance with fully fine-tuned networks based on ImageNet, while only training a single layer. Finally, by fine-tuning CLIP's image encoder on the AVA dataset, we show that CLIP only needs a fraction of training epochs to converge, while also performing better than a fine-tuned ImageNet model. Overall, our experiments suggest that CLIP is better suited as a base model for IAA methods than ImageNet pretrained networks.

  @article{PMID:36504688, abstract = {Most Image Aesthetic Assessment (IAA) methods use a pretrained ImageNet classification model as a base to fine-tune. We hypothesize that content classification is not an optimal pretraining task for IAA, since the task discourages the extraction of features that are useful for IAA, e.g., composition, lighting, or style. On the other hand, we argue that the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) model is a better base for IAA models, since it has been trained using natural language supervision. Due to the rich nature of language, CLIP needs to learn a broad range of image features that correlate with sentences describing the image content, composition, environments, and even subjective feelings about the image. While it has been shown that CLIP extracts features useful for content classification tasks, its suitability for tasks that require the extraction of style-based features like IAA has not yet been shown. We test our hypothesis by conducting a three-step study, investigating the usefulness of features extracted by CLIP compared to features obtained from the last layer of a comparable ImageNet classification model. In each step, we get more computationally expensive. First, we engineer natural language prompts that let CLIP assess an image's aesthetic without adjusting any weights in the model. To overcome the challenge that CLIP's prompting only is applicable to classification tasks, we propose a simple but effective strategy to convert multiple prompts to a continuous scalar as required when predicting an image's mean aesthetic score. Second, we train a linear regression on the AVA dataset using image features obtained by CLIP's image encoder. The resulting model outperforms a linear regression trained on features from an ImageNet classification model. It also shows competitive performance with fully fine-tuned networks based on ImageNet, while only training a single layer. Finally, by fine-tuning CLIP's image encoder on the AVA dataset, we show that CLIP only needs a fraction of training epochs to converge, while also performing better than a fine-tuned ImageNet model. Overall, our experiments suggest that CLIP is better suited as a base model for IAA methods than ImageNet pretrained networks.}, author = {Hentschel, Simon and Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Frontiers in artificial intelligence}, keywords = 2022, pages = 976235, title = {CLIP knows image aesthetics}, volume = 5, year = 2022 }
• Comparison of Data Representations and Machine Learning Architectures for User Identification on Arbitrary Motion Sequences. Schell, Christian; Hotho, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In CoRR, abs/2210.00527. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2210-00527, author = {Schell, Christian and Hotho, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {Comparison of Data Representations and Machine Learning Architectures for User Identification on Arbitrary Motion Sequences}, volume = {abs/2210.00527}, year = 2022 }
• The Impact of Different System Call Representations on Intrusion Detection. Wunderlich, Sarah; Ring, Markus; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Log. J. IGPL, 30(2), S. 239–251. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/igpl/WunderlichRLH22, author = {Wunderlich, Sarah and Ring, Markus and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Log. J. {IGPL}}, keywords = 2022, number = 2, pages = {239–251}, title = {The Impact of Different System Call Representations on Intrusion Detection}, volume = 30, year = 2022 }
• Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; von Mammen, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{steinhaeusser2022joyful, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, title = {Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places - Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments}, year = 2022 }
• Social Robots in Applied Settings: A Long-Term Study on Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Higher Education. Donnermann, Melissa; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9. Frontiers Media SA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Donnermann_2022, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, title = {Social Robots in Applied Settings: A Long-Term Study on Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Higher Education}, volume = 9, year = 2022 }
• Hypergraph Representation via Axis-Aligned Point-Subspace Cover. Firman, Oksana; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 16th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation (WALCOM’22), Bd. 13174, S. 328–339. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{firman-spoerhase22:point-subspace-cover, author = {Firman, Oksana and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 16th International Conference and Workshops on Algorithms and Computation (WALCOM'22)}, keywords = {representation}, pages = {328–339}, title = {Hypergraph Representation via Axis-Aligned Point-Subspace Cover}, volume = 13174, year = 2022 }
• Designing Social Robots’ Speech in the Hotel Context-A Series of Online Studies. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lein, Martina; Donnermann, Melissa; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2022), S. 163–170. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2022designing, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lein, Martina and Donnermann, Melissa and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2022)}, keywords = {lein}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {163-170}, title = {Designing Social Robots' Speech in the Hotel Context-A Series of Online Studies}, year = 2022 }
• bioDIVERsity. Ein Computerspiel gegen das Imageproblem von Wasserpflanzen. und David Schantz und Julian Gröh und Andreas Knote und Prof. Dr. Sebastian von Mammen und Prof. Dr. Juliano Cabral, Anne Lewerentz. In Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, (67), S. 29–36. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Wasserpflanzen haben ein Imageproblem: Sie stören vermeintlich beim Baden in Seen, was zu panikartigenReaktionen führen kann. Begriffe wie „Schlingpflanzen“ und „Veralgung“ werden falsch verwendet odersind negativ konnotiert. Zudem sieht man Wasserpflanzen kaum, da sie überwiegend unter der Wasseroberflächewachsen. Ihre vielen wertvollen Funktionen im Ökosystem See bleiben daher oft unerkannt undsind durch die schlechte Erreichbarkeit und Erfahrbarkeit nur schwer zu vermitteln.Virtuelle Medien eröffnen eine neue Möglichkeit, schwierig erreichbare Orte erfahrbar zu machen. Fürdie Vermittlung von Umweltthemen – gerade an eine jüngere Zielgruppe – wird ein großes Potential indigitalen Spielen und Simulationen (Computerspiele, Apps, Virtual Reality-Spiele), speziell sogenanntenSerious Games, gesehen.Ein Prototyp für das Serious Game bioDIVERsity wurde im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Kurses derArbeitsgruppe Games Engineering am Institut für Informatik in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Center for Computationaland Theoretical Biology an der Universität Würzburg entwickelt. Ziel des Spiels ist es, KindernKenntnisse über das Ökosystem See und die Auswirkungen der Wasserqualität und der Klimabedingungenauf Wasserpflanzen zu vermitteln. Darüber hinaus soll ein Bewusstsein für dieses Ökosystem und die Auswirkungenmenschlicher Eingriffe entstehen.

  @article{Lewerentz:2022aa, abstract = {Wasserpflanzen haben ein Imageproblem: Sie stören vermeintlich beim Baden in Seen, was zu panikartigenReaktionen führen kann. Begriffe wie „Schlingpflanzen“ und „Veralgung“ werden falsch verwendet odersind negativ konnotiert. Zudem sieht man Wasserpflanzen kaum, da sie überwiegend unter der Wasseroberflächewachsen. Ihre vielen wertvollen Funktionen im Ökosystem See bleiben daher oft unerkannt undsind durch die schlechte Erreichbarkeit und Erfahrbarkeit nur schwer zu vermitteln.Virtuelle Medien eröffnen eine neue Möglichkeit, schwierig erreichbare Orte erfahrbar zu machen. Fürdie Vermittlung von Umweltthemen – gerade an eine jüngere Zielgruppe – wird ein großes Potential indigitalen Spielen und Simulationen (Computerspiele, Apps, Virtual Reality-Spiele), speziell sogenanntenSerious Games, gesehen.Ein Prototyp für das Serious Game bioDIVERsity wurde im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Kurses derArbeitsgruppe Games Engineering am Institut für Informatik in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Center for Computationaland Theoretical Biology an der Universität Würzburg entwickelt. Ziel des Spiels ist es, KindernKenntnisse über das Ökosystem See und die Auswirkungen der Wasserqualität und der Klimabedingungenauf Wasserpflanzen zu vermitteln. Darüber hinaus soll ein Bewusstsein für dieses Ökosystem und die Auswirkungenmenschlicher Eingriffe entstehen.}, author = {und David Schantz und Julian Gröh und Andreas Knote und Prof. Dr. Sebastian von Mammen und Prof. Dr. Juliano Cabral, Anne Lewerentz}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft}, keywords = {myown}, number = 67, pages = {29–36}, title = {bioDIVERsity. Ein Computerspiel gegen das Imageproblem von Wasserpflanzen}, year = 2022 }
• Open ERP System Data For Occupational Fraud Detection. Tritscher, Julian; Gwinner, Fabian; Schlör, Daniel; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In arxiv. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{tritscher2022erpData, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Gwinner, Fabian and Schlör, Daniel and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {arxiv}, keywords = 2022, title = {Open ERP System Data For Occupational Fraud Detection}, year = 2022 }
• A Fully-Immersive Virtual Reality Setup to Study Gait Modulation. Palmisano, Chiara; Kullmann, Peter; Hanafi, Ibrahem; Verrecchia, Marta; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Canessa, Andrea; Fischbach, Martin; Isaias, Ioannis Ugo. In Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Objective: Gait adaptation to environmental challenges is fundamental for independent and safe community ambulation. The possibility of precisely studying gait modulation using standardized protocols of gait analysis closely resembling everyday life scenarios is still an unmet need.Methods: We have developed a fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) environment where subjects have to adjust their walking pattern to avoid collision with a virtual agent (VA) crossing their gait trajectory. We collected kinematic data of 12 healthy young subjects walking in real world (RW) and in the VR environment, both with (VR/A+) and without (VR/A-) the VA perturbation. The VR environment closely resembled the RW scenario of the gait laboratory. To ensure standardization of the obstacle presentation the starting time speed and trajectory of the VA were defined using the kinematics of the participant as detected online during each walking trial.Results: We did not observe kinematic differences between walking in RW and VR/A-, suggesting that our VR environment per se might not induce significant changes in the locomotor pattern. When facing the VA all subjects consistently reduced stride length and velocity while increasing stride duration. Trunk inclination and mediolateral trajectory deviation also facilitated avoidance of the obstacle.Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study shows that our VR/A+ paradigm effectively induced a timely gait modulation in a standardized immersive and realistic scenario. This protocol could be a powerful research tool to study gait modulation and its derangements in relation to aging and clinical conditions.

  @article{10.3389/fnhum.2022.783452, abstract = {Objective: Gait adaptation to environmental challenges is fundamental for independent and safe community ambulation. The possibility of precisely studying gait modulation using standardized protocols of gait analysis closely resembling everyday life scenarios is still an unmet need.Methods: We have developed a fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) environment where subjects have to adjust their walking pattern to avoid collision with a virtual agent (VA) crossing their gait trajectory. We collected kinematic data of 12 healthy young subjects walking in real world (RW) and in the VR environment, both with (VR/A+) and without (VR/A-) the VA perturbation. The VR environment closely resembled the RW scenario of the gait laboratory. To ensure standardization of the obstacle presentation the starting time speed and trajectory of the VA were defined using the kinematics of the participant as detected online during each walking trial.Results: We did not observe kinematic differences between walking in RW and VR/A-, suggesting that our VR environment per se might not induce significant changes in the locomotor pattern. When facing the VA all subjects consistently reduced stride length and velocity while increasing stride duration. Trunk inclination and mediolateral trajectory deviation also facilitated avoidance of the obstacle.Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study shows that our VR/A+ paradigm effectively induced a timely gait modulation in a standardized immersive and realistic scenario. This protocol could be a powerful research tool to study gait modulation and its derangements in relation to aging and clinical conditions.}, author = {Palmisano, Chiara and Kullmann, Peter and Hanafi, Ibrahem and Verrecchia, Marta and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Canessa, Andrea and Fischbach, Martin and Isaias, Ioannis Ugo}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, title = {A Fully-Immersive Virtual Reality Setup to Study Gait Modulation}, volume = 16, year = 2022 }
• Inter- and Transcultural Learning in Social Virtual Reality: A Proposal for an Inter- and Transcultural Virtual Object Database to be Used in the Implementation, Reflection, and Evaluation of Virtual Encounters. Hein, Rebecca M.; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(7), F. L. Mark Billinghurst; M.-C. Su (Hrsg.), S. 50. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Visual stimuli are frequently used to improve memory, language learning or perception, and understanding of metacognitive processes. However, in virtual reality (VR), there are few systematically and empirically derived databases. This paper proposes the first collection of virtual objects based on empirical evaluation for inter-and transcultural encounters between English- and German-speaking learners. We used explicit and implicit measurement methods to identify cultural associations and the degree of stereotypical perception for each virtual stimuli (n = 293) through two online studies, including native German and English-speaking participants. The analysis resulted in a final well-describable database of 128 objects (called InteractionSuitcase). In future applications, the objects can be used as a great interaction or conversation asset and behavioral measurement tool in social VR applications, especially in the field of foreign language education. For example, encounters can use the objects to describe their culture, or teachers can intuitively assess stereotyped attitudes of the encounters.

  @article{mti6070050, abstract = {Visual stimuli are frequently used to improve memory, language learning or perception, and understanding of metacognitive processes. However, in virtual reality (VR), there are few systematically and empirically derived databases. This paper proposes the first collection of virtual objects based on empirical evaluation for inter-and transcultural encounters between English- and German-speaking learners. We used explicit and implicit measurement methods to identify cultural associations and the degree of stereotypical perception for each virtual stimuli (n = 293) through two online studies, including native German and English-speaking participants. The analysis resulted in a final well-describable database of 128 objects (called InteractionSuitcase). In future applications, the objects can be used as a great interaction or conversation asset and behavioral measurement tool in social VR applications, especially in the field of foreign language education. For example, encounters can use the objects to describe their culture, or teachers can intuitively assess stereotyped attitudes of the encounters.}, author = {Hein, Rebecca M. and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, editor = {{Mark Billinghurst, Fotis Liarokapis}, Lars Erik Holmquist and Su, Mu-Chun}, journal = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, keywords = {coteach}, number = 7, pages = 50, title = {Inter- and Transcultural Learning in Social Virtual Reality: A Proposal for an Inter- and Transcultural Virtual Object Database to be Used in the Implementation, Reflection, and Evaluation of Virtual Encounters}, volume = 6, year = 2022 }
• Analyzing Eye Tracking Data in Mirror Exposure. Döllinger, Nina; Göttfert, Christopher; Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2022 Conference on Mensch und Computer, S. 513–517. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Mirror exposure is an important method in the treatment of body image disturbances. Eye tracking can support the unaffected assessment of attention biases during mirror exposure. However, the analysis of eye tracking data in mirror exposure comes with various difficulties and is associated with a high manual workload during data processing. We present an automated data processing framework that enables us to determine any body part as an area of interest without placing markers on the bodies of participants. A short, formative user study proved the quality compared to the gold standard. The automatic processing and openness for different systems allow a broad range of applications.

  @inproceedings{dollinger2022eyetracking, abstract = {Mirror exposure is an important method in the treatment of body image disturbances. Eye tracking can support the unaffected assessment of attention biases during mirror exposure. However, the analysis of eye tracking data in mirror exposure comes with various difficulties and is associated with a high manual workload during data processing. We present an automated data processing framework that enables us to determine any body part as an area of interest without placing markers on the bodies of participants. A short, formative user study proved the quality compared to the gold standard. The automatic processing and openness for different systems allow a broad range of applications.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Göttfert, Christopher and Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2022 Conference on Mensch und Computer}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {513–517}, title = {Analyzing Eye Tracking Data in Mirror Exposure}, year = 2022 }
• Self-Touch: An Immersive Interaction-Technique to Enhance Body Awareness. Keppler, Sebastian; Döllinger, Nina; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Israel, Johann Habakuk. In i-com, 21(3), S. 329–337. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Physical well-being depends essentially on how the own body is perceived. A missing correspondence between the perception of one’s own body and reality can be distressing and eventually lead to mental illness. The touch of the own body is a multi-sensory experience to strengthen the feeling of the own body. We have developed an interaction technique that allows the self-touch of the own body in an immersive environment to support therapy procedures. Through additional visual feedback, we want to strengthen the feeling for the own body to achieve a sustainable effect in the own body perception. We conducted an expert evaluation to analyse the potential impact of our application and to localize and fix possible usability problems. The experts noted the ease of understanding and suitability of the interaction technique for increasing body awareness. However, the technical challenges such as stable and accurate body tracking were also mentioned. In addition, new ideas were given that would further support body awareness.

  @article{KepplerDöllingerWienrichLatoschikIsrael+2022+329+337, abstract = {Physical well-being depends essentially on how the own body is perceived. A missing correspondence between the perception of one’s own body and reality can be distressing and eventually lead to mental illness. The touch of the own body is a multi-sensory experience to strengthen the feeling of the own body. We have developed an interaction technique that allows the self-touch of the own body in an immersive environment to support therapy procedures. Through additional visual feedback, we want to strengthen the feeling for the own body to achieve a sustainable effect in the own body perception. We conducted an expert evaluation to analyse the potential impact of our application and to localize and fix possible usability problems. The experts noted the ease of understanding and suitability of the interaction technique for increasing body awareness. However, the technical challenges such as stable and accurate body tracking were also mentioned. In addition, new ideas were given that would further support body awareness.}, author = {Keppler, Sebastian and Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Israel, Johann Habakuk}, journal = {i-com}, keywords = {vitras}, number = 3, pages = {329–337}, title = {Self-Touch: An Immersive Interaction-Technique to Enhance Body Awareness}, volume = 21, year = 2022 }
• Embodied Gambling–Investigating the Influence of Level of Embodiment, Avatar Appearance, and Virtual Environment Design on an Online VR Slot Machine. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Schraudt, David; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Slot machines are one of the most played games by players suffering from gambling disorder. New technologies like immersive Virtual Reality (VR) offer more possibilities to exploit erroneous beliefs in the context of gambling. Recent research indicates a higher risk potential when playing a slot machine in VR than on desktop. To continue this investigation, we evaluate the effects of providing different degrees of embodiment, i.e., minimal and full embodiment. The avatars used for the full embodiment further differ in their appearance, i.e., they elicit a high or a low socio-economic status. The virtual environment (VE) design can cause a potential influence on the overall gambling behavior. Thus, we also embed the slot machine in two different VEs that differ in their emotional design: a colorful underwater playground environment and a virtual counterpart of our lab. These design considerations resulted in four different versions of the same VR slot machine: 1) full embodiment with high socio-economic status, 2) full embodiment with low socio-economic status, 3) minimal embodiment playground VE, and 4) minimal embodiment laboratory VE. Both full embodiment versions also used the playground VE. We determine the risk potential by logging gambling frequency as well as stake size, and measuring harm-inducing factors, i.e., dissociation, urge to gamble, dark flow, and illusion of control, using questionnaires. Following a between groups experimental design, 82 participants played for 20 game rounds one of the four versions. We recruited our sample from the students enrolled at the University of Würzburg. Our safety protocol ensured that only participants without any recent gambling activity took part in the experiment. In this comparative user study, we found no effect of the embodiment nor VE design on neither the gambling frequency, stake sizes, nor risk potential. However, our results provide further support for the hypothesis of the higher visual angle on gambling stimuli and hence the increased emotional response being the true cause for the higher risk potential.

  @article{oberdorfer2022embodied, abstract = {Slot machines are one of the most played games by players suffering from gambling disorder. New technologies like immersive Virtual Reality (VR) offer more possibilities to exploit erroneous beliefs in the context of gambling. Recent research indicates a higher risk potential when playing a slot machine in VR than on desktop. To continue this investigation, we evaluate the effects of providing different degrees of embodiment, i.e., minimal and full embodiment. The avatars used for the full embodiment further differ in their appearance, i.e., they elicit a high or a low socio-economic status. The virtual environment (VE) design can cause a potential influence on the overall gambling behavior. Thus, we also embed the slot machine in two different VEs that differ in their emotional design: a colorful underwater playground environment and a virtual counterpart of our lab. These design considerations resulted in four different versions of the same VR slot machine: 1) full embodiment with high socio-economic status, 2) full embodiment with low socio-economic status, 3) minimal embodiment playground VE, and 4) minimal embodiment laboratory VE. Both full embodiment versions also used the playground VE. We determine the risk potential by logging gambling frequency as well as stake size, and measuring harm-inducing factors, i.e., dissociation, urge to gamble, dark flow, and illusion of control, using questionnaires. Following a between groups experimental design, 82 participants played for 20 game rounds one of the four versions. We recruited our sample from the students enrolled at the University of Würzburg. Our safety protocol ensured that only participants without any recent gambling activity took part in the experiment. In this comparative user study, we found no effect of the embodiment nor VE design on neither the gambling frequency, stake sizes, nor risk potential. However, our results provide further support for the hypothesis of the higher visual angle on gambling stimuli and hence the increased emotional response being the true cause for the higher risk potential.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Schraudt, David and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Embodied Gambling–Investigating the Influence of Level of Embodiment, Avatar Appearance, and Virtual Environment Design on an Online VR Slot Machine}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• bioDIVERsity. Ein Computerspiel gegen das Imageproblem von Wasserpflanzen. und David Schantz und Julian Gröh und Andreas Knote und Prof. Dr. Sebastian von Mammen und Prof. Dr. Juliano Cabral, Anne Lewerentz. In Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, (67), S. 29–36. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Wasserpflanzen haben ein Imageproblem: Sie stören vermeintlich beim Baden in Seen, was zu panikartigenReaktionen führen kann. Begriffe wie �Schlingpflanzen`` und �Veralgung`` werden falsch verwendet odersind negativ konnotiert. Zudem sieht man Wasserpflanzen kaum, da sie überwiegend unter der Wasseroberflächewachsen. Ihre vielen wertvollen Funktionen im Ökosystem See bleiben daher oft unerkannt undsind durch die schlechte Erreichbarkeit und Erfahrbarkeit nur schwer zu vermitteln.Virtuelle Medien eröffnen eine neue Möglichkeit, schwierig erreichbare Orte erfahrbar zu machen. Fürdie Vermittlung von Umweltthemen -- gerade an eine jüngere Zielgruppe -- wird ein großes Potential indigitalen Spielen und Simulationen (Computerspiele, Apps, Virtual Reality-Spiele), speziell sogenanntenSerious Games, gesehen.Ein Prototyp für das Serious Game bioDIVERsity wurde im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Kurses derArbeitsgruppe Games Engineering am Institut für Informatik in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Center for Computationaland Theoretical Biology an der Universität Würzburg entwickelt. Ziel des Spiels ist es, KindernKenntnisse über das Ökosystem See und die Auswirkungen der Wasserqualität und der Klimabedingungenauf Wasserpflanzen zu vermitteln. Darüber hinaus soll ein Bewusstsein für dieses Ökosystem und die Auswirkungenmenschlicher Eingriffe entstehen.

  @article{David-Schantz-und-Julian-Groh-und-Andreas-Knote-und-Prof.-Dr.-Sebastian-von-Mammen-und-Prof.-Dr.-Juliano-Cabral:2022aa, abstract = {Wasserpflanzen haben ein Imageproblem: Sie st{\"o}ren vermeintlich beim Baden in Seen, was zu panikartigenReaktionen f{\"u}hren kann. Begriffe wie �Schlingpflanzen`` und �Veralgung`` werden falsch verwendet odersind negativ konnotiert. Zudem sieht man Wasserpflanzen kaum, da sie {\"u}berwiegend unter der Wasseroberfl{\"a}chewachsen. Ihre vielen wertvollen Funktionen im {\"O}kosystem See bleiben daher oft unerkannt undsind durch die schlechte Erreichbarkeit und Erfahrbarkeit nur schwer zu vermitteln.Virtuelle Medien er{\"o}ffnen eine neue M{\"o}glichkeit, schwierig erreichbare Orte erfahrbar zu machen. F{\"u}rdie Vermittlung von Umweltthemen – gerade an eine j{\"u}ngere Zielgruppe – wird ein gro{\ss}es Potential indigitalen Spielen und Simulationen (Computerspiele, Apps, Virtual Reality-Spiele), speziell sogenanntenSerious Games, gesehen.Ein Prototyp f{\"u}r das Serious Game bioDIVERsity wurde im Rahmen eines interdisziplin{\"a}ren Kurses derArbeitsgruppe Games Engineering am Institut f{\"u}r Informatik in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Center for Computationaland Theoretical Biology an der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg entwickelt. Ziel des Spiels ist es, KindernKenntnisse {\"u}ber das {\"O}kosystem See und die Auswirkungen der Wasserqualit{\"a}t und der Klimabedingungenauf Wasserpflanzen zu vermitteln. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll ein Bewusstsein f{\"u}r dieses {\"O}kosystem und die Auswirkungenmenschlicher Eingriffe entstehen.}, author = {und David Schantz und Julian Gr{\"o}h und Andreas Knote und Prof. Dr. Sebastian von Mammen und Prof. Dr. Juliano Cabral, Anne Lewerentz}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Fr{\"a}nkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft}, keywords = {myown}, number = 67, pages = {29–36}, title = {bioDIVERsity. Ein Computerspiel gegen das Imageproblem von Wasserpflanzen}, year = 2022 }
• Mixed-Cultural Speech for Intelligent Virtual Agents - the Impact of Different Non-Native Accents Using Natural or Synthetic Speech in the English Language. Obremski, David; Hering, Helena; Friedrich, Paula; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, S. 67–75. Christchurch, New Zealand, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{obremski:hai:2022, author = {Obremski, David and Hering, Helena and Friedrich, Paula and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {67–75}, title = {Mixed-Cultural Speech for Intelligent Virtual Agents - the Impact of Different Non-Native Accents Using Natural or Synthetic Speech in the English Language}, year = 2022 }
• The Computational Complexity of the ChordLink Model. Kindermann, Philipp; Sauer, Jan; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 38th Europ. Workshop Comput. Geom. (EuroCG’22), E. Di Giacomo, F. Montecchiani (Hrsg.), S. 10:1–7. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{ksw-cccm-EuroCG22, author = {Kindermann, Philipp and Sauer, Jan and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 38th Europ. Workshop Comput. Geom. (EuroCG'22)}, editor = {{Di Giacomo}, Emilio and Montecchiani, Fabrizio}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {10:1–7}, title = {The Computational Complexity of the {ChordLink} Model}, year = 2022 }
• The Effects of Avatar and Environment Design on Embodiment, Presence, Activation, and Task Load in a Virtual Reality Exercise Application. Bartl, Andrea; Merz, Christian; Roth, Daniel; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  ABSTRACT The development of embodied Virtual Reality (VR) systems involves multiple central design choices. These design choices affect the user perception and therefore require thorough consideration. This article reports on two user studies investigating the influence of common design choices on relevant intermediate factors (sense of embodiment, presence, motivation, activation, and task load) in a VR application for physical exercises. The first study manipulated the avatar fidelity (abstract, partial body vs. anthropomorphic, full-body) and the environment (with vs. without mirror). The second study manipulated the avatar type (healthy vs. injured) and the environment type (beach vs. hospital) and, hence, the avatar-environment congruence. The full-body avatar significantly increased the sense of embodiment and decreased mental demand. Interestingly, the mirror did not influence the dependent variables. The injured avatar significantly increased the temporal demand. The beach environment significantly reduced the tense activation. On the beach, participants felt more present in the incongruent condition embodying the injured avatar.

  @inproceedings{bartl2022effects, abstract = {ABSTRACT The development of embodied Virtual Reality (VR) systems involves multiple central design choices. These design choices affect the user perception and therefore require thorough consideration. This article reports on two user studies investigating the influence of common design choices on relevant intermediate factors (sense of embodiment, presence, motivation, activation, and task load) in a VR application for physical exercises. The first study manipulated the avatar fidelity (abstract, partial body vs. anthropomorphic, full-body) and the environment (with vs. without mirror). The second study manipulated the avatar type (healthy vs. injured) and the environment type (beach vs. hospital) and, hence, the avatar-environment congruence. The full-body avatar significantly increased the sense of embodiment and decreased mental demand. Interestingly, the mirror did not influence the dependent variables. The injured avatar significantly increased the temporal demand. The beach environment significantly reduced the tense activation. On the beach, participants felt more present in the incongruent condition embodying the injured avatar.}, author = {Bartl, Andrea and Merz, Christian and Roth, Daniel and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {merz}, title = {The Effects of Avatar and Environment Design on Embodiment, Presence, Activation, and Task Load in a Virtual Reality Exercise Application}, year = 2022 }
• NeuralPDE: Modelling Dynamical Systems from Data. Dulny, Andrzej; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. In KI 2022: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 45th German Conference on AI, Trier, Germany, September 19-23, 2022, Proceedings, Bd. 13404 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, R. Bergmann, L. Malburg, S. C. Rodermund, I. J. Timm (Hrsg.), S. 75–89. Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ki/DulnyHK22, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, booktitle = {{KI} 2022: Advances in Artificial Intelligence - 45th German Conference on AI, Trier, Germany, September 19-23, 2022, Proceedings}, editor = {Bergmann, Ralph and Malburg, Lukas and Rodermund, Stephanie C. and Timm, Ingo J.}, keywords = 2022, pages = {75–89}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {NeuralPDE: Modelling Dynamical Systems from Data}, volume = 13404, year = 2022 }
• Anomaly Detection in Beehives: An Algorithm Comparison. Davidson, Padraig; Steininger, Michael; Lautenschlager, Florian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Sensor Networks, A. Ahrens, R. V. Prasad, C. Benavente-Peces, N. Ansari (Hrsg.), S. 1–20. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Sensor-equipped beehives allow monitoring the living conditions of bees. Machine learning models can use the data of such hives to learn behavioral patterns and find anomalous events. One type of event that is of particular interest to apiarists for economical reasons is bee swarming. Other events of interest are behavioral anomalies from illness and technical anomalies, e.g. sensor failure. Beekeepers can be supported by suitable machine learning models which can detect these events.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-17718-7_1, abstract = {Sensor-equipped beehives allow monitoring the living conditions of bees. Machine learning models can use the data of such hives to learn behavioral patterns and find anomalous events. One type of event that is of particular interest to apiarists for economical reasons is bee swarming. Other events of interest are behavioral anomalies from illness and technical anomalies, e.g. sensor failure. Beekeepers can be supported by suitable machine learning models which can detect these events.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Davidson, Padraig and Steininger, Michael and Lautenschlager, Florian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Sensor Networks}, editor = {Ahrens, Andreas and Prasad, RangaRao Venkatesha and Benavente-Peces, C{\'e}sar and Ansari, Nirwan}, keywords = 2022, pages = {1–20}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Anomaly Detection in Beehives: An Algorithm Comparison}, year = 2022 }
• A case study on the stability of performance tests for serverless applications. Eismann, Simon; Costa, Diego; Liao, Lizhi; Bezemer, Cor-Paul; Shang, Weiyi; van Hoorn, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Journal of Systems and Software (JSS), 189. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Context: While in serverless computing, application resource management and operational concerns are generally delegated to the cloud provider, ensuring that serverless applications meet their performance requirements is still a responsibility of the developers. Performance testing is a commonly used performance assessment practice; however, it traditionally requires visibility of the resource environment. Objective: In this study, we investigate whether performance tests of serverless applications are stable, that is, if their results are reproducible, and what implications the serverless paradigm has for performance tests. Method: We conduct a case study where we collect two datasets of performance test results: (a) repetitions of performance tests for varying memory size and load intensities and (b) three repetitions of the same performance test every day for ten months. Results: We find that performance tests of serverless applications are comparatively stable if conducted on the same day. However, we also observe short-term performance variations and frequent long-term performance changes. Conclusion: Performance tests for serverless applications can be stable; however, the serverless model impacts the planning, execution, and analysis of performance tests.

  @article{eismann2022study, abstract = {Context: While in serverless computing, application resource management and operational concerns are generally delegated to the cloud provider, ensuring that serverless applications meet their performance requirements is still a responsibility of the developers. Performance testing is a commonly used performance assessment practice; however, it traditionally requires visibility of the resource environment. Objective: In this study, we investigate whether performance tests of serverless applications are stable, that is, if their results are reproducible, and what implications the serverless paradigm has for performance tests. Method: We conduct a case study where we collect two datasets of performance test results: (a) repetitions of performance tests for varying memory size and load intensities and (b) three repetitions of the same performance test every day for ten months. Results: We find that performance tests of serverless applications are comparatively stable if conducted on the same day. However, we also observe short-term performance variations and frequent long-term performance changes. Conclusion: Performance tests for serverless applications can be stable; however, the serverless model impacts the planning, execution, and analysis of performance tests.}, author = {Eismann, Simon and Costa, Diego and Liao, Lizhi and Bezemer, Cor-Paul and Shang, Weiyi and van Hoorn, André and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Software (JSS)}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, title = {A case study on the stability of performance tests for serverless applications}, volume = 189, year = 2022 }
• Graph-Based Gateway Placement for Better Performance in LoRaWAN Deployments. Loh, Frank; Mehling, Noah; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 20th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference (MedComNet). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Low Power Wide Area Networks with Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) as one of their most prominent representatives are very promising solutions for future Internet of Things deployments. The technology is characterized by low energy requirements leading to long battery lifetimes. However, the drawback is very limited throughput rates. However, the unreliable nature of the LoRa technology is hindering the adoption. Especially its random channel access approach leads to significant message collisions and thus, data loss in larger deployments. From a network planning point of view, one possibility to deal with collisions is the reduction of potentially colliding messages at the frequency bands in combination with limiting the transmission duration of messages. For that reason, we present a novel graph-based gateway placement approach. The main focus is collision probability reduction, which directly increases reliability in LoRaWAN deployments. We show that our approach performs similar to state-of-the-art related work in the worst case and reduces the required number of gateways by up to 40% while reducing the collision probability by up to 70%. Furthermore, we discuss the scalability of our approach to cover arbitrarily large networks with gateways and only little overhead by splitting the problem into smaller sub-problems.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-19, abstract = {Low Power Wide Area Networks with Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) as one of their most prominent representatives are very promising solutions for future Internet of Things deployments. The technology is characterized by low energy requirements leading to long battery lifetimes. However, the drawback is very limited throughput rates. However, the unreliable nature of the LoRa technology is hindering the adoption. Especially its random channel access approach leads to significant message collisions and thus, data loss in larger deployments. From a network planning point of view, one possibility to deal with collisions is the reduction of potentially colliding messages at the frequency bands in combination with limiting the transmission duration of messages. For that reason, we present a novel graph-based gateway placement approach. The main focus is collision probability reduction, which directly increases reliability in LoRaWAN deployments. We show that our approach performs similar to state-of-the-art related work in the worst case and reduces the required number of gateways by up to 40% while reducing the collision probability by up to 70%. Furthermore, we discuss the scalability of our approach to cover arbitrarily large networks with gateways and only little overhead by splitting the problem into smaller sub-problems.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {20th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference (MedComNet)}, keywords = {5mart}, month = {06}, title = {Graph-Based Gateway Placement for Better Performance in LoRaWAN Deployments}, year = 2022 }
• Not all Web Pages are Born the Same. Content Tailored Learning for Web QoE Inference. Casas, Pedro; Wassermann, Sarah; Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N 2022). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Web Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring is a critical task for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), especially due to the key role played by customer experience in churn management. Previously, we have tackled the problem of Web QoE inference from the ISP perspective, relying on passive measurement of encrypted network traffic and machine learning models. In this paper, we exploit the broad heterogeneity of contents embedded in web pages to improve the state of the art performance in Web QoE inference, relying on web-content learning model tailoring. By analyzing the top-500 most popular web pages of the Internet through unsupervised learning, we discover different web page content classes which realize significantly different Web QoE inference performance. We train supervised learning inference models separately for each of these classes, using the well-known Speed Index (SI) metric as proxy to Web QoE. Empirical evaluations on a large corpus of Web QoE measurements for top popular websites demonstrate that our combined content-tailored approach improves the inference performance of the SI by almost 30% with respect to previous single-model approaches, reducing the QoE inference error in terms of mean opinion scores by more than 40%.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-10, abstract = {Web Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring is a critical task for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), especially due to the key role played by customer experience in churn management. Previously, we have tackled the problem of Web QoE inference from the ISP perspective, relying on passive measurement of encrypted network traffic and machine learning models. In this paper, we exploit the broad heterogeneity of contents embedded in web pages to improve the state of the art performance in Web QoE inference, relying on web-content learning model tailoring. By analyzing the top-500 most popular web pages of the Internet through unsupervised learning, we discover different web page content classes which realize significantly different Web QoE inference performance. We train supervised learning inference models separately for each of these classes, using the well-known Speed Index (SI) metric as proxy to Web QoE. Empirical evaluations on a large corpus of Web QoE measurements for top popular websites demonstrate that our combined content-tailored approach improves the inference performance of the SI by almost 30% with respect to previous single-model approaches, reducing the QoE inference error in terms of mean opinion scores by more than 40%.}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Wassermann, Sarah and Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N 2022)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, title = {Not all Web Pages are Born the Same. Content Tailored Learning for Web QoE Inference}, year = 2022 }
• LSX team5 at SemEval-2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity Assessment based on Word- and Sentence Mover’s Distance. Heil, Stefan; Kopp, Karina; Zehe, Albin; Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022), S. 1190–1195. Association for Computational Linguistics, Seattle, United States, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper introduces our submission for the SemEval 2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity. The task of the competition consisted of the development of a model, capable of determining the similarity between pairs of multilingual news articles. To address this challenge, we evaluated the Word Mover's Distance in conjunction with word embeddings from ConceptNet Numberbatch and term frequencies of WorldLex, as well the Sentence Mover's Distance based on sentence embeddings generated by pretrained transformer models of Sentence-BERT. To facilitate the comparison of multilingual articles with Sentence-BERT models, we deployed a Neural Machine Translation system. All our models achieve stable results in multilingual similarity estimation without learning parameters.

  @inproceedings{heil2022lsxteam5, abstract = {This paper introduces our submission for the SemEval 2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity. The task of the competition consisted of the development of a model, capable of determining the similarity between pairs of multilingual news articles. To address this challenge, we evaluated the Word Mover{'}s Distance in conjunction with word embeddings from ConceptNet Numberbatch and term frequencies of WorldLex, as well the Sentence Mover{'}s Distance based on sentence embeddings generated by pretrained transformer models of Sentence-BERT. To facilitate the comparison of multilingual articles with Sentence-BERT models, we deployed a Neural Machine Translation system. All our models achieve stable results in multilingual similarity estimation without learning parameters.}, address = {Seattle, United States}, author = {Heil, Stefan and Kopp, Karina and Zehe, Albin and Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022)}, keywords = {multilingual}, month = {07}, pages = {1190–1195}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {{LSX} team5 at {S}em{E}val-2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity Assessment based on Word- and Sentence Mover{'}s Distance}, year = 2022 }
• WueDevils at SemEval-2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity via Pair-Wise Sentence Similarity Matrices. Wangsadirdja, Dirk; Heinickel, Felix; Trapp, Simon; Zehe, Albin; Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022), S. 1235–1243. Association for Computational Linguistics, Seattle, United States, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  We present a system that creates pair-wise cosine and arccosine sentence similarity matrices using multilingual sentence embeddings obtained from pre-trained SBERT and Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) models respectively. For each news article sentence, it searches the most similar sentence from the other article and computes an average score. Further, a convolutional neural network calculates a total similarity score for the article pairs on these matrices. Finally, a random forest regressor merges the previous results to a final score that can optionally be extended with a publishing date score.

  @inproceedings{wangsadirdja2022wuedevils, abstract = {We present a system that creates pair-wise cosine and arccosine sentence similarity matrices using multilingual sentence embeddings obtained from pre-trained SBERT and Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) models respectively. For each news article sentence, it searches the most similar sentence from the other article and computes an average score. Further, a convolutional neural network calculates a total similarity score for the article pairs on these matrices. Finally, a random forest regressor merges the previous results to a final score that can optionally be extended with a publishing date score.}, address = {Seattle, United States}, author = {Wangsadirdja, Dirk and Heinickel, Felix and Trapp, Simon and Zehe, Albin and Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022)}, keywords = {multilingual}, month = {07}, pages = {1235–1243}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {{W}ue{D}evils at {S}em{E}val-2022 Task 8: Multilingual News Article Similarity via Pair-Wise Sentence Similarity Matrices}, year = 2022 }
• Point me to your Opinion, SenPoi. Pfister, Jan; Wankerl, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022), S. 1313–1323. Association for Computational Linguistics, Seattle, United States, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  Structured Sentiment Analysis is the task of extracting sentiment tuples in a graph structure commonly from review texts. We adapt the Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis pointer network BARTABSA to model this tuple extraction as a sequence prediction task and extend their output grammar to account for the increased complexity of Structured Sentiment Analysis. To predict structured sentiment tuples in languages other than English we swap BART for a multilingual mT5 and introduce a novel Output Length Regularization to mitigate overfitting to common target sequence lengths, thereby improving the performance of the model by up to 70%. We evaluate our approach on seven datasets in five languages including a zero shot crosslingual setting.

  @inproceedings{pfister-etal-2022-senpoi, abstract = {Structured Sentiment Analysis is the task of extracting sentiment tuples in a graph structure commonly from review texts. We adapt the Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis pointer network BARTABSA to model this tuple extraction as a sequence prediction task and extend their output grammar to account for the increased complexity of Structured Sentiment Analysis. To predict structured sentiment tuples in languages other than English we swap BART for a multilingual mT5 and introduce a novel Output Length Regularization to mitigate overfitting to common target sequence lengths, thereby improving the performance of the model by up to 70{\%}. We evaluate our approach on seven datasets in five languages including a zero shot crosslingual setting.}, address = {Seattle, United States}, author = {Pfister, Jan and Wankerl, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022)}, keywords = {from:janpf}, month = {07}, pages = {1313–1323}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {Point me to your Opinion, {S}en{P}oi}, year = 2022 }
• Affordable Measurement Setups for Networking Device Latency with Sub-Microsecond Accuracy. Grigorjew, Alexej; Diederich, Philip; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Kellerer, Wolfgang. In WueWoWAS’22 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This document presents a networking latency measurement setup that focuses on affordability and universal applicability, and can provide sub-microsecond accuracy. It explains the prerequisites, hardware choices, and considerations to respect during measurement. In addition, it discusses the necessity for exhaustive latency measurements when dealing with high availability and low latency requirements. Preliminary results show that the accuracy is within 0.02 microseconds when used with the Intel I350-T2 network adapter.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-14, abstract = {This document presents a networking latency measurement setup that focuses on affordability and universal applicability, and can provide sub-microsecond accuracy. It explains the prerequisites, hardware choices, and considerations to respect during measurement. In addition, it discusses the necessity for exhaustive latency measurements when dealing with high availability and low latency requirements. Preliminary results show that the accuracy is within 0.02 microseconds when used with the Intel I350-T2 network adapter.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang}, booktitle = {WueWoWAS'22 KuVS Fachgespraech - Wuerzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks}, keywords = {appaware2}, month = {07}, title = {Affordable Measurement Setups for Networking Device Latency with Sub-Microsecond Accuracy}, year = 2022 }
• DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Self-Organizing LoRa Deployments. Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2022. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-7, author = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2022}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Self-Organizing LoRa Deployments}, year = 2022 }
• Edge-Case Integration into Established NAT Traversal Techniques. Keller, Simon; Hoßfeld, Tobias; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2022 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), S. 75–80. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Traversing Network Address Translation (NAT) is often necessary for establishing direct communication between clients. The traversal of NAT with static port translation is solved in many cases by the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) protocol. Nevertheless, it does not cover the traversal of progressing symmetric and random symmetric NAT, which make it necessary to correctly predict opened ports. This paper presents a method for predicting (a) progressing symmetric NAT-translated ports based on a network traffic model and the Expected Value Method, and (b) random symmetric NAT-translated ports based on heuristics between monitored and opened ports across numerous traversal attempts. Tests were conducted in German cities using local cellular communication providers. Compared to established approaches, they yielded considerable improvements traversing progressing symmetric NAT and slight improvements traversing random symmetric NAT in real-world environments.

  @inproceedings{Keller:2022aa, abstract = {Traversing Network Address Translation (NAT) is often necessary for establishing direct communication between clients. The traversal of NAT with static port translation is solved in many cases by the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) protocol. Nevertheless, it does not cover the traversal of progressing symmetric and random symmetric NAT, which make it necessary to correctly predict opened ports. This paper presents a method for predicting (a) progressing symmetric NAT-translated ports based on a network traffic model and the Expected Value Method, and (b) random symmetric NAT-translated ports based on heuristics between monitored and opened ports across numerous traversal attempts. Tests were conducted in German cities using local cellular communication providers. Compared to established approaches, they yielded considerable improvements traversing progressing symmetric NAT and slight improvements traversing random symmetric NAT in real-world environments.}, author = {Keller, Simon and Ho{\ss}feld, Tobias and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = {75-80}, title = {Edge-Case Integration into Established NAT Traversal Techniques}, year = 2022 }
• Analytical Model for the Energy Efficiency in Low Power IoT Deployments. Hoßfeld, Tobias; Raffeck, Simon; Loh, Frank; Geißler, Stefan. In 1st International Workshop on Network Energy Efficiency in the Softwarization Era. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The recent rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given way to numerous challenges and research questions. One of the most critical issues in the area of low powered devices is the question of energy efficiency. Here, technologies like LoRa or Zigbee emerged, promising low power consumption while maintaining adequate performance. However, even when using these tailor made technologies, several configuration aspects need to be taken into account to provide high performance, energy efficient operation. To this end, we propose a generic model to compute the energy efficiency of wireless sensors under the assumption of perfect CSMA/CA channel access. We present numerical results for a typical LoRa device and highlight extensions towards other channel access mechanisms. Finally, we apply Kleinrock's power metric to obtain ideal system configurations for varying load parameters.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-6, abstract = {The recent rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given way to numerous challenges and research questions. One of the most critical issues in the area of low powered devices is the question of energy efficiency. Here, technologies like LoRa or Zigbee emerged, promising low power consumption while maintaining adequate performance. However, even when using these tailor made technologies, several configuration aspects need to be taken into account to provide high performance, energy efficient operation. To this end, we propose a generic model to compute the energy efficiency of wireless sensors under the assumption of perfect CSMA/CA channel access. We present numerical results for a typical LoRa device and highlight extensions towards other channel access mechanisms. Finally, we apply Kleinrock's power metric to obtain ideal system configurations for varying load parameters.}, author = {Hoßfeld, Tobias and Raffeck, Simon and Loh, Frank and Geißler, Stefan}, booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Network Energy Efficiency in the Softwarization Era}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Analytical Model for the Energy Efficiency in Low Power IoT Deployments}, year = 2022 }
• Congruence and Plausibility, not Presence?! Pivotal Conditions for XR Experiences and Effects, a Novel Model. Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3:694433. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Presence is often considered the most important quale describing the subjective feeling of being in a computer-generated and/or computer-mediated virtual environment. The identification and separation of orthogonal presence components, i.e., the place illusion and the plausibility illusion, has been an accepted theoretical model describing Virtual Reality (VR) experiences for some time. This perspective article challenges this presence-oriented VR theory. First, we argue that a place illusion cannot be the major construct to describe the much wider scope of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VR, AR, MR: or XR for short). Second, we argue that there is no plausibility illusion but merely plausibility, and we derive the place illusion caused by the congruent and plausible generation of spatial cues and similarly for all the current model’s so-defined illusions. Finally, we propose congruence and plausibility to become the central essential conditions in a novel theoretical model describing XR experiences and effects.

  @article{latoschik2021coherence, abstract = {Presence is often considered the most important quale describing the subjective feeling of being in a computer-generated and/or computer-mediated virtual environment. The identification and separation of orthogonal presence components, i.e., the place illusion and the plausibility illusion, has been an accepted theoretical model describing Virtual Reality (VR) experiences for some time. This perspective article challenges this presence-oriented VR theory. First, we argue that a place illusion cannot be the major construct to describe the much wider scope of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VR, AR, MR: or XR for short). Second, we argue that there is no plausibility illusion but merely plausibility, and we derive the place illusion caused by the congruent and plausible generation of spatial cues and similarly for all the current model’s so-defined illusions. Finally, we propose congruence and plausibility to become the central essential conditions in a novel theoretical model describing XR experiences and effects.}, author = {Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, month = {06}, title = {Congruence and Plausibility, not Presence?! Pivotal Conditions for XR Experiences and Effects, a Novel Model}, volume = {3:694433}, year = 2022 }
• X-Ray Goggles for the ISP: Improving in-Network Web and App QoE Monitoring with Deep Learning. Casas, Pedro; Wassermann, Sarah; Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Dinica, Olivia; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The wide adoption of end-to-end encryption is drastically limiting the visibility Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have on the performance of the services consumed by their customers. In times of strong competition, where customer experience plays a key role in churn management, ISPs require novel solutions enabling network-wide Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring. To this end, we present DeepQoE, a deep-learning based approach to infer the QoE of web services and mobile applications from the ISP perspective, relying exclusively on the analysis of encrypted network traffic. Using raw features derived from the encrypted stream of bytes as input to deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), DeepQoE infers the Speed Index of web browsing sessions and general mobile apps with unprecedented accuracy, improving the state of the art by more than 25%, and reducing the QoE inference error in terms of mean opinion scores by nearly 40%. DeepQoE implements a web fingerprinting solution to identify individual web browsing sessions within concurrent web pages traffic, enabling highly detailed, per web page QoE inference in practical deployments. Extensive evaluations over a large and heterogeneous dataset composed of web and app measurements, using different device types and for top-popular websites and apps, confirm the out-performance of DeepQoE over previously used shallow-learning models, as well as the deep-model generalization to different devices, web pages, apps, and network setups. DeepQoE is the first deployable system providing such a deep, highly-detailed QoE for individual web browsing and mobile apps over encrypted traffic, using deep learning models on heterogeneous measurements.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-11, abstract = {The wide adoption of end-to-end encryption is drastically limiting the visibility Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have on the performance of the services consumed by their customers. In times of strong competition, where customer experience plays a key role in churn management, ISPs require novel solutions enabling network-wide Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring. To this end, we present DeepQoE, a deep-learning based approach to infer the QoE of web services and mobile applications from the ISP perspective, relying exclusively on the analysis of encrypted network traffic. Using raw features derived from the encrypted stream of bytes as input to deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), DeepQoE infers the Speed Index of web browsing sessions and general mobile apps with unprecedented accuracy, improving the state of the art by more than 25%, and reducing the QoE inference error in terms of mean opinion scores by nearly 40%. DeepQoE implements a web fingerprinting solution to identify individual web browsing sessions within concurrent web pages traffic, enabling highly detailed, per web page QoE inference in practical deployments. Extensive evaluations over a large and heterogeneous dataset composed of web and app measurements, using different device types and for top-popular websites and apps, confirm the out-performance of DeepQoE over previously used shallow-learning models, as well as the deep-model generalization to different devices, web pages, apps, and network setups. DeepQoE is the first deployable system providing such a deep, highly-detailed QoE for individual web browsing and mobile apps over encrypted traffic, using deep learning models on heterogeneous measurements.}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Wassermann, Sarah and Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Dinica, Olivia and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {X-Ray Goggles for the ISP: Improving in-Network Web and App QoE Monitoring with Deep Learning}, year = 2022 }
• femtoPro: Ultrafast Phenomena in Virtual Reality. Müller, Stefan; Brixner, Tobias; Knote, Andreas; Schnepp, Wilhelm; Truman, Samuel; Vetter, Anne; von Mammen, Sebastian. In The International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena ({UP}) 2022 (2022), paper W4A.42, S. W4A.42. Optica Publishing Group, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  We introduce “femtoPro,” an interactive simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory in virtual reality (VR). Gaussian beam propagation as well as linear and nonlinear optical phenomena are calculated in real time on consumer-grade VR devices.

  @inproceedings{mullerFemtoProUltrafastPhenomena2022, abstract = {We introduce “femtoPro,” an interactive simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory in virtual reality (VR). Gaussian beam propagation as well as linear and nonlinear optical phenomena are calculated in real time on consumer-grade VR devices.}, author = {Müller, Stefan and Brixner, Tobias and Knote, Andreas and Schnepp, Wilhelm and Truman, Samuel and Vetter, Anne and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {The {International} {Conference} on {Ultrafast} {Phenomena} ({UP}) 2022 (2022), paper {W4A}.42}, keywords = {VR}, month = {07}, pages = {W4A.42}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, title = {{femtoPro}: {Ultrafast} {Phenomena} in {Virtual} {Reality}}, year = 2022 }
• YouTube Dataset on Mobile Streaming for Internet Traffic Modeling and Streaming Analysis. Loh, Frank; Wamser, Florian; Poignée, Fabian; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Nature, Scientific Data. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Around 4.9 billion Internet users worldwide watch billions of hours of online video every day. As a result, streaming is by far the predominant type of traffic in communication networks. According to Google statistics, three out of five video views come from mobile devices. Thus, in view of the continuous technological advances in end devices and increasing mobile use, datasets for mobile streaming are indispensable in research but only sparsely dealt with in literature so far. With this public dataset, we provide 1,081 hours of time-synchronous video measurements at network, transport, and application layer with the native YouTube streaming client on mobile devices. The dataset includes 80 network scenarios with 171 different individual bandwidth settings measured in 5,181 runs with limited bandwidth, 1,939 runs with emulated 3 G/4 G traces, and 4,022 runs with pre-defined bandwidth changes. This corresponds to 332 GB video payload. We present the most relevant quality indicators for scientific use, i.e., initial playback delay, streaming video quality, adaptive video quality changes, video rebuffering events, and streaming phases.

  @article{info3-article-2022-17, abstract = {Around 4.9 billion Internet users worldwide watch billions of hours of online video every day. As a result, streaming is by far the predominant type of traffic in communication networks. According to Google statistics, three out of five video views come from mobile devices. Thus, in view of the continuous technological advances in end devices and increasing mobile use, datasets for mobile streaming are indispensable in research but only sparsely dealt with in literature so far. With this public dataset, we provide 1,081 hours of time-synchronous video measurements at network, transport, and application layer with the native YouTube streaming client on mobile devices. The dataset includes 80 network scenarios with 171 different individual bandwidth settings measured in 5,181 runs with limited bandwidth, 1,939 runs with emulated 3 G/4 G traces, and 4,022 runs with pre-defined bandwidth changes. This corresponds to 332 GB video payload. We present the most relevant quality indicators for scientific use, i.e., initial playback delay, streaming video quality, adaptive video quality changes, video rebuffering events, and streaming phases.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Wamser, Florian and Poignée, Fabian and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Nature, Scientific Data}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {YouTube Dataset on Mobile Streaming for Internet Traffic Modeling and Streaming Analysis}, year = 2022 }
• Modeling and validation of an autorotation landing controller for reentry and descent applications. Bergmann, Philip; Riegler, Clemens; Wolf, Jan; Werner, Lennart; Ludwig, Richter; Maximillian, Reigl; von Pichowski, Jan; Neumann, Tobias; Mutter, Julian; Mehringer, Johanna; Koch, Niels; Klaschka, Pablo; Gellermann, Moritz; Franssen, Liam; Ettinger, Amelie; Dunschen, Frederik; Bös, Cedric; Borschinsky, Erik; Barthó, Bence; Stöfferle, Peter. In 2nd International Conference on Flight Vehicles, Aerothermodynamics and Re-entry Missions & Engineering (FAR). Heilbronn, Germany, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{inproceedings, address = {Heilbronn, Germany}, author = {Bergmann, Philip and Riegler, Clemens and Wolf, Jan and Werner, Lennart and Ludwig, Richter and Maximillian, Reigl and von Pichowski, Jan and Neumann, Tobias and Mutter, Julian and Mehringer, Johanna and Koch, Niels and Klaschka, Pablo and Gellermann, Moritz and Franssen, Liam and Ettinger, Amelie and Dunschen, Frederik and Bös, Cedric and Borschinsky, Erik and Barthó, Bence and Stöfferle, Peter}, booktitle = {2nd International Conference on Flight Vehicles, Aerothermodynamics and Re-entry Missions & Engineering (FAR)}, keywords = {autorotation}, month = {06}, title = {Modeling and validation of an autorotation landing controller for reentry and descent applications}, year = 2022 }
• Constant Delay Switching: Asynchronous Traffic Shaping with Jitter Control. Grigorjew, Alexej; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Specht, Johannes; Götz, Franz-Josef; Chen, Feng; Schmitt, Jürgen. In 2022 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Recent developments in the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) group have put forth a number of mechanisms to improve deterministic latency in layer 2 switches. Their shaping approaches differ with respect to prerequisites, flexibility, maximum latency, and latency variation (jitter). Asynchronous solutions provide flexibility in dynamic scenarios, but Credit-Based Shaping (CBS) and Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) come with a high latency variance, as the minimum latency is not affected by them. Some applications in industrial and automotive use cases require low jitter while trying to avoid a dependency on time synchronization, and even TSN's redundancy mechanism benefits from a lower latency variance. This work is bridging the gap between low-jitter transmission requirements and asynchronous shaping mechanisms. In this paper, the application of a stateless Asynchronous Constant Delay Shaper (ACDS) is discussed. It collects the queuing duration from the previous bridge to delay each frame for the remaining time such that a constant per-hop delay for each frame is achieved. The discussion includes the prerequisites, the mechanism itself, and its technical complexity, as well as a formal analysis of its guaranteed latency by proving its relation to a token-bucket based ATS. Further, two extensions are discussed, and an evaluation shows the applicability of ACDS by comparing its jitter to ATS in a frame-level simulation.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-15, abstract = {Recent developments in the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) group have put forth a number of mechanisms to improve deterministic latency in layer 2 switches. Their shaping approaches differ with respect to prerequisites, flexibility, maximum latency, and latency variation (jitter). Asynchronous solutions provide flexibility in dynamic scenarios, but Credit-Based Shaping (CBS) and Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) come with a high latency variance, as the minimum latency is not affected by them. Some applications in industrial and automotive use cases require low jitter while trying to avoid a dependency on time synchronization, and even TSN's redundancy mechanism benefits from a lower latency variance. This work is bridging the gap between low-jitter transmission requirements and asynchronous shaping mechanisms. In this paper, the application of a stateless Asynchronous Constant Delay Shaper (ACDS) is discussed. It collects the queuing duration from the previous bridge to delay each frame for the remaining time such that a constant per-hop delay for each frame is achieved. The discussion includes the prerequisites, the mechanism itself, and its technical complexity, as well as a formal analysis of its guaranteed latency by proving its relation to a token-bucket based ATS. Further, two extensions are discussed, and an evaluation shows the applicability of ACDS by comparing its jitter to ATS in a frame-level simulation.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Specht, Johannes and Götz, Franz-Josef and Chen, Feng and Schmitt, Jürgen}, booktitle = {2022 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)}, keywords = {kosinu5}, month = {06}, title = {Constant Delay Switching: Asynchronous Traffic Shaping with Jitter Control}, year = 2022 }
• DeepCrypt - Deep Learning for QoE Monitoring and Fingerprinting of User Actions in Adaptive Video Streaming. Casas, Pedro; Seufert, Michael; Wassermann, Sarah; Gardlo, Bruno; Wehner, Nikolas; Schatz, Raimund. In IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (IEEE NetSoft 2022). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  We introduce DeepCrypt, a deep-learning based approach to analyze YouTube video streaming Quality of Experience (QoE) from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) perspective, relying exclusively on the analysis of encrypted network traffic. Using raw features derived on-line from the encrypted stream of bytes, DeepCrypt can infer six different video QoE indicators capturing the user-perceived performance of the service, including the initial playback delay, the number and frequency of rebuffering events, the video playback quality, the video encoding bitrate, and the number of quality changes. DeepCrypt offers deep visibility into the behavior of the end-user, enabling the fingerprinting and detection of different user actions on the video player, such as video pauses and playback scrubbing (forward, backward, out-of-buffer), offering a complete visibility on the video streaming process from in-network traffic measurements. Extensive evaluations over a large and heterogeneous dataset composed of mobile and fixed-line measurements, using the YouTube HTML5 player, the native YouTube mobile app, as well as a generic HTML5 video player built on top of open source libraries, and considering measurements collected at different ISPs, confirm the out-performance of DeepCrypt over previously used shallow-learning models, as well as the deep-model generalization to different video players and network setups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper tackling such a combined QoE and user-actions approach for video streaming applications, using deep learning models over heterogeneous measurements.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-9, abstract = {We introduce DeepCrypt, a deep-learning based approach to analyze YouTube video streaming Quality of Experience (QoE) from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) perspective, relying exclusively on the analysis of encrypted network traffic. Using raw features derived on-line from the encrypted stream of bytes, DeepCrypt can infer six different video QoE indicators capturing the user-perceived performance of the service, including the initial playback delay, the number and frequency of rebuffering events, the video playback quality, the video encoding bitrate, and the number of quality changes. DeepCrypt offers deep visibility into the behavior of the end-user, enabling the fingerprinting and detection of different user actions on the video player, such as video pauses and playback scrubbing (forward, backward, out-of-buffer), offering a complete visibility on the video streaming process from in-network traffic measurements. Extensive evaluations over a large and heterogeneous dataset composed of mobile and fixed-line measurements, using the YouTube HTML5 player, the native YouTube mobile app, as well as a generic HTML5 video player built on top of open source libraries, and considering measurements collected at different ISPs, confirm the out-performance of DeepCrypt over previously used shallow-learning models, as well as the deep-model generalization to different video players and network setups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper tackling such a combined QoE and user-actions approach for video streaming applications, using deep learning models over heterogeneous measurements.}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Seufert, Michael and Wassermann, Sarah and Gardlo, Bruno and Wehner, Nikolas and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (IEEE NetSoft 2022)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {DeepCrypt - Deep Learning for QoE Monitoring and Fingerprinting of User Actions in Adaptive Video Streaming}, year = 2022 }
• An Introduction to Online Video Game QoS and QoE Influencing Factors. Metzger, Florian; Geißler, Stefan; Grigorjew, Alexej; Loh, Frank; Moldovan, Christian; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Online video games and cloud gaming are rapidly growing in pervasiveness. Their resource demands can put significant stress on the global communication infrastructure. And network conditions are amongst the chief factors that influence one's enjoyment while playing games. This makes it imperative for video games to be considered for network dimensioning, server placement or protocol development. For that reason, in this work we provide an introduction to the technical aspects of video games in general and of their network aspects in particular. This understanding forms the basis for a rich taxonomy of factors that influence and provide context to a video game's Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). The taxonomy covers influence factors from all aspects involved in a video game, from the subjective player and game influence factors to the system and networking influence factors. Finally, this work gives an overview of conducted and ongoing research as well as future research opportunities while taking into account lessons learned from past approaches.

  @article{info3-article-2022-16, abstract = {Online video games and cloud gaming are rapidly growing in pervasiveness. Their resource demands can put significant stress on the global communication infrastructure. And network conditions are amongst the chief factors that influence one's enjoyment while playing games. This makes it imperative for video games to be considered for network dimensioning, server placement or protocol development. For that reason, in this work we provide an introduction to the technical aspects of video games in general and of their network aspects in particular. This understanding forms the basis for a rich taxonomy of factors that influence and provide context to a video game's Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). The taxonomy covers influence factors from all aspects involved in a video game, from the subjective player and game influence factors to the system and networking influence factors. Finally, this work gives an overview of conducted and ongoing research as well as future research opportunities while taking into account lessons learned from past approaches.}, author = {Metzger, Florian and Geißler, Stefan and Grigorjew, Alexej and Loh, Frank and Moldovan, Christian and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials}, keywords = {10.1109/COMST.2022.3177251}, month = {05}, title = {An Introduction to Online Video Game QoS and QoE Influencing Factors}, year = 2022 }
• Automated Triage of Performance Change Points Using Time Series Analysis and Machine Learning. Bauer, André; Straesser, Martin; Beierlieb, Lukas; Meissner, Maximilian; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{bauer2022automated, author = {Bauer, André and Straesser, Martin and Beierlieb, Lukas and Meissner, Maximilian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {machine_learning}, month = {04}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Automated Triage of Performance Change Points Using Time Series Analysis and Machine Learning}, year = 2022 }
• Experience and Guidelines for Sorting Algorithm Choices and Their Energy Efficiency. Meissner, Maximilian; Kamthania, Supriya; Rawtani, Nishant; Bucek, James; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Kounev, Samuel. In Companion of the 2022 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{meissner2022experience, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Meissner, Maximilian and Kamthania, Supriya and Rawtani, Nishant and Bucek, James and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2022 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {t_workshop}, month = {04}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Experience and Guidelines for Sorting Algorithm Choices and Their Energy Efficiency}, year = 2022 }
• SPEC Research Group Newsletter, Issue 11. Kounev, Samuel; van Hoorn, Andre; Straesser, Martin; Bauer, André. 2022, April.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{SPEC-RG-NEWSLETTER-11, author = {Kounev, Samuel and van Hoorn, Andre and Straesser, Martin and Bauer, Andr{é}}, keywords = {SPEC}, month = {04}, note = {Published by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)}, title = {SPEC Research Group Newsletter, Issue 11}, year = 2022 }
• Characterizing Mobile Signaling Anomalies in the Internet-of-Things. Vomhoff, Viktoria; Geißler, Stefan; Loh, Frank; Bauer, Wolfgang; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2nd IFIP/IEEE International workshop on Fully-Flexible Internet Architectures and Protocols for the Next-Generation Tactile Internet (FlexNGIA). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The development and adoption speed of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications is constantly increasing. In particular in mobile networks, however, constant connectivity for all newly developed, globally spread, and occasionally geographically mobile devices is challenging. While the main business of current network operators is in particular, not to roam these new device generation between different networks, whereas new so-called Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) arise with exactly this business case. They use already available Radio Access Networks and deploy SIM cards that are able to establish data connection everywhere on the basis of international roaming agreements. However, because of the complex interconnection of different systems, additional challenges arise. Outages in one network component might impact the whole system. In this work, we study these signaling anomalies called incidents based on a dataset received from a global MVNO. The goal of this work is to determine traffic characteristics during these incidents towards a better understanding of signaling traffic in IoT networks. Thus, this work can be seen as a fundamental basis to help operators in a characterization, and in particular prediction and avoidance of signaling incidents.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-4, abstract = {The development and adoption speed of new Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications is constantly increasing. In particular in mobile networks, however, constant connectivity for all newly developed, globally spread, and occasionally geographically mobile devices is challenging. While the main business of current network operators is in particular, not to roam these new device generation between different networks, whereas new so-called Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) arise with exactly this business case. They use already available Radio Access Networks and deploy SIM cards that are able to establish data connection everywhere on the basis of international roaming agreements. However, because of the complex interconnection of different systems, additional challenges arise. Outages in one network component might impact the whole system. In this work, we study these signaling anomalies called incidents based on a dataset received from a global MVNO. The goal of this work is to determine traffic characteristics during these incidents towards a better understanding of signaling traffic in IoT networks. Thus, this work can be seen as a fundamental basis to help operators in a characterization, and in particular prediction and avoidance of signaling incidents.}, author = {Vomhoff, Viktoria and Geißler, Stefan and Loh, Frank and Bauer, Wolfgang and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2nd IFIP/IEEE International workshop on Fully-Flexible Internet Architectures and Protocols for the Next-Generation Tactile Internet (FlexNGIA)}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {Characterizing Mobile Signaling Anomalies in the Internet-of-Things}, year = 2022 }
• Edge-Case Integration into Established NAT Traversal Techniques. Keller, Simon; Hoßfeld, Tobias; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2022 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), S. 75–80. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Traversing Network Address Translation (NAT) is often necessary for establishing direct communication between clients. The traversal of NAT with static port translation is solved in many cases by the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) protocol. Nevertheless, it does not cover the traversal of progressing symmetric and random symmetric NAT, which make it necessary to correctly predict opened ports. This paper presents a method for predicting (a) progressing symmetric NAT-translated ports based on a network traffic model and the Expected Value Method, and (b) random symmetric NAT-translated ports based on heuristics between monitored and opened ports across numerous traversal attempts. Tests were conducted in German cities using local cellular communication providers. Compared to established approaches, they yielded considerable improvements traversing progressing symmetric NAT and slight improvements traversing random symmetric NAT in real-world environments.

  @inproceedings{9852092, abstract = {Traversing Network Address Translation (NAT) is often necessary for establishing direct communication between clients. The traversal of NAT with static port translation is solved in many cases by the Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) protocol. Nevertheless, it does not cover the traversal of progressing symmetric and random symmetric NAT, which make it necessary to correctly predict opened ports. This paper presents a method for predicting (a) progressing symmetric NAT-translated ports based on a network traffic model and the Expected Value Method, and (b) random symmetric NAT-translated ports based on heuristics between monitored and opened ports across numerous traversal attempts. Tests were conducted in German cities using local cellular communication providers. Compared to established approaches, they yielded considerable improvements traversing progressing symmetric NAT and slight improvements traversing random symmetric NAT in real-world environments.}, author = {Keller, Simon and Hoßfeld, Tobias and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = {75-80}, title = {Edge-Case Integration into Established NAT Traversal Techniques}, year = 2022 }
• LoRaWAN Network Planning in Smart Environments: Towards Reliability, Scalability, and Cost Reduction. Loh, Frank; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In WueWoWAS 22 - KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The goal in this work is to present a guidance for LoRaWAN planning to improve overall reliability for message transmissions and scalability. At the end, the cost component is discussed. Therefore, a five step approach is presented that helps to plan a LoRaWAN deployment step by step: Based on the device locations, an initial gateway placement is suggested followed by in-depth frequency and channel access planning. After an initial planning phase, updates for channel access and the initial gateway planning is suggested that should also be done periodically during network operation. Since current gateway placement approaches are only studied with random channel access, there is a lot of potential in the cell planning phase. Furthermore, the performance of different channel access approaches is highly related on network load, and thus cell size and sensor density. Last, the influence of different cell planning ideas on expected costs are discussed.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-20, abstract = {The goal in this work is to present a guidance for LoRaWAN planning to improve overall reliability for message transmissions and scalability. At the end, the cost component is discussed. Therefore, a five step approach is presented that helps to plan a LoRaWAN deployment step by step: Based on the device locations, an initial gateway placement is suggested followed by in-depth frequency and channel access planning. After an initial planning phase, updates for channel access and the initial gateway planning is suggested that should also be done periodically during network operation. Since current gateway placement approaches are only studied with random channel access, there is a lot of potential in the cell planning phase. Furthermore, the performance of different channel access approaches is highly related on network load, and thus cell size and sensor density. Last, the influence of different cell planning ideas on expected costs are discussed.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {WueWoWAS 22 - KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks}, keywords = {5mart}, month = {07}, title = {LoRaWAN Network Planning in Smart Environments: Towards Reliability, Scalability, and Cost Reduction}, year = 2022 }
• On Learning Hierarchical Embeddings from Encrypted Network Traffic. Wehner, Nikolas; Ring, Markus; Schüler, Joshua; Hotho, Andreas; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In 33th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). Budapest, Hungary, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This work presents a novel concept for learning embeddings from encrypted network traffic. In contrast to existing approaches, we evaluate the feasibility of hierarchical embeddings by iteratively aggregating packet embeddings to flow embeddings, and flow embeddings to trace embeddings. The hierarchical embedding concept was designed to especially consider complex dependencies of Internet traffic on different time scales. We describe this novel embedding concept for the domain of network traffic in full detail, and evaluate its performance for the downstream task of website fingerprinting, i.e., identifying websites from encrypted traffic, which is relevant for network management, e.g., as a prerequisite for QoE monitoring or for intrusion detection. Our evaluation reveals that embeddings are a promising solution for website fingerprinting as our model correctly labels up to 99.8% of traces from 500 target websites.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-1, abstract = {This work presents a novel concept for learning embeddings from encrypted network traffic. In contrast to existing approaches, we evaluate the feasibility of hierarchical embeddings by iteratively aggregating packet embeddings to flow embeddings, and flow embeddings to trace embeddings. The hierarchical embedding concept was designed to especially consider complex dependencies of Internet traffic on different time scales. We describe this novel embedding concept for the domain of network traffic in full detail, and evaluate its performance for the downstream task of website fingerprinting, i.e., identifying websites from encrypted traffic, which is relevant for network management, e.g., as a prerequisite for QoE monitoring or for intrusion detection. Our evaluation reveals that embeddings are a promising solution for website fingerprinting as our model correctly labels up to 99.8\% of traces from 500 target websites.}, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Ring, Markus and Schüler, Joshua and Hotho, Andreas and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {33th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {04}, title = {On Learning Hierarchical Embeddings from Encrypted Network Traffic}, year = 2022 }
• Exploratory Study on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents With Non-Native Accents Using Synthetic and Natural Speech in German. Obremski, David; Hering, Helena Babette; Friedrich, Paula; Lugrin, Birgit. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Obremski_2022, author = {Obremski, David and Hering, Helena Babette and Friedrich, Paula and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION}, keywords = {mi}, month = 11, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Exploratory Study on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents With Non-Native Accents Using Synthetic and Natural Speech in German}, year = 2022 }
• Pilot study of a new freely available computer-aided polyp detection system in clinical practice. Lux, Thomas J; Banck, Michael; Saßmannshausen, Zita; Troya, Joel; Krenzer, Adrian; Fitting, Daniel; Sudarevic, Boban; Zoller, Wolfram G; Puppe, Frank; Meining, Alexander; others. In International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 37(6), S. 1349–1354. Springer, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{lux2022pilot, author = {Lux, Thomas J and Banck, Michael and Sa{\ss}mannshausen, Zita and Troya, Joel and Krenzer, Adrian and Fitting, Daniel and Sudarevic, Boban and Zoller, Wolfram G and Puppe, Frank and Meining, Alexander and others}, journal = {International Journal of Colorectal Disease}, keywords = {banck}, number = 6, pages = {1349–1354}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Pilot study of a new freely available computer-aided polyp detection system in clinical practice}, volume = 37, year = 2022 }
• WueDive - Complex systems ``Climate Change and the Effects on Health’’ - an innovative teaching project to enhance digital culture in medical education. Vova, Oyudari; König, Sarah; Monty, Samantha. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Bd. 2022, S. ED15C-0378. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{2022AGUFMED15C0378V, author = {{Vova, Oyudari}, Dr and König, Sarah and Monty, Samantha}, booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts}, keywords = {matoushs}, month = 12, pages = {ED15C-0378}, title = {WueDive - Complex systems ``Climate Change and the Effects on Health'' - an innovative teaching project to enhance digital culture in medical education.}, volume = 2022, year = 2022 }
• The Influence of Visible Cables and Story Content on Perceived Autonomy in Social Human-Robot Interaction. Roesler, Eileen; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit; Onnasch, Linda. In Robotics, 12(1), S. 3. MDPI, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Roesler_2022, author = {Roesler, Eileen and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit and Onnasch, Linda}, journal = {Robotics}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, month = 12, number = 1, pages = 3, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {The Influence of Visible Cables and Story Content on Perceived Autonomy in Social Human-Robot Interaction}, volume = 12, year = 2022 }
• Push the Red Button: Comparing Notification Placement with Augmented and Non-Augmented Tasks in AR. Plabst, Lucas; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Ortega, Francisco Raul; Niebling, Florian. In Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI ’22). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
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  @inproceedings{plabst2022press, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Plabst, Lucas and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Ortega, Francisco Raul and Niebling, Florian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI '22)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Push the Red Button: Comparing Notification Placement with Augmented and Non-Augmented Tasks in AR}, year = 2022 }
• Mixed-Cultural Speech for Intelligent Virtual Agents - the Impact of Different Non-Native Accents Using Natural or Synthetic Speech in the English Language. Obremski, David; Hering, Helena Babette; Friedrich, Paula; Lugrin, Birgit. In HAI ’22: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, S. 67–75. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{Obremski_HAI_Paper_2022, author = {Obremski, David and Hering, Helena Babette and Friedrich, Paula and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {HAI '22: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction}, keywords = {accent}, month = 12, pages = {67-75}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Mixed-Cultural Speech for Intelligent Virtual Agents - the Impact of Different Non-Native Accents Using Natural or Synthetic Speech in the English Language}, year = 2022 }
• The impact of mixed-cultural speech on the stereotypical perception of a virtual robot. Obremski, David; Friedrich, Paula; Haak, Nora; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9. Frontiers Media SA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Obremski_2022, author = {Obremski, David and Friedrich, Paula and Haak, Nora and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI}, keywords = {accent}, month = 11, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, title = {The impact of mixed-cultural speech on the stereotypical perception of a virtual robot}, volume = 9, year = 2022 }
• Fingerprinting Webpages and Smartphone Apps from Encrypted Network Traffic with WebScanner. Casas, Pedro; Wehner, Nikolas; Wassermann, Sarah; Seufert, Michael. In Global Internet (GI) Symposium. Paris, France, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The wide adoption of end-to-end encryption drastically limits the visibility Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have on the services consumed by their customers. This is particularly challenging for monitoring and analysis of web and apps traffic, which is highly complex and heterogeneous. Loading a web page or app today requires tens of flows to download the various resources located in distributed cloud servers from different content providers. We introduce WebScanner, a webpage and app fingerprinting approach capable to identify all the traffic flows corresponding to individual webpage and app loading sessions within concurrent web pages traffic, enabling highly detailed, per webpage analysis in practical deployments. Different from the state of the art in web and app traffic fingerprinting, and as our most relevant contribution, WebScanner automatically performs the parsing of all the traffic generated by a web visit and its isolation from concurrent traffic, instead of assuming that an external oracle system does so. WebScanner also implements a deep fingerprinting approach to detect user action-dependent traffic from apps, relying on simple machine learning models and strong input features as fingerprints. Extensive evaluation across a large measurement dataset of popular webpages and mobile apps confirms the outstanding performance of WebScanner, identifying the top-500 Alexa websites with precision and recall (P/R) above 95%, isolating their full contents with P/R above 80% for up to 15 concurrent webpages, and detecting specific action-dependent apps traffic with average P/R above 92%.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-18, abstract = {The wide adoption of end-to-end encryption drastically limits the visibility Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have on the services consumed by their customers. This is particularly challenging for monitoring and analysis of web and apps traffic, which is highly complex and heterogeneous. Loading a web page or app today requires tens of flows to download the various resources located in distributed cloud servers from different content providers. We introduce WebScanner, a webpage and app fingerprinting approach capable to identify all the traffic flows corresponding to individual webpage and app loading sessions within concurrent web pages traffic, enabling highly detailed, per webpage analysis in practical deployments. Different from the state of the art in web and app traffic fingerprinting, and as our most relevant contribution, WebScanner automatically performs the parsing of all the traffic generated by a web visit and its isolation from concurrent traffic, instead of assuming that an external oracle system does so. WebScanner also implements a deep fingerprinting approach to detect user action-dependent traffic from apps, relying on simple machine learning models and strong input features as fingerprints. Extensive evaluation across a large measurement dataset of popular webpages and mobile apps confirms the outstanding performance of WebScanner, identifying the top-500 Alexa websites with precision and recall (P/R) above 95%, isolating their full contents with P/R above 80% for up to 15 concurrent webpages, and detecting specific action-dependent apps traffic with average P/R above 92%.}, address = {Paris, France}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Wehner, Nikolas and Wassermann, Sarah and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {Global Internet (GI) Symposium}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 11, title = {Fingerprinting Webpages and Smartphone Apps from Encrypted Network Traffic with WebScanner}, year = 2022 }
• SONATE-2 Nanosatellitenmission für Künstliche Intelligenz und Höhere Autonomie. Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Riegler, Clemens; Schwarz, Tobias. In Proceedings DLRK 2022. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{balagurin2022sonate2, address = {Bonn}, author = {Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Riegler, Clemens and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {Proceedings DLRK 2022}, keywords = {cubesat}, month = 11, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {SONATE-2 Nanosatellitenmission für Künstliche Intelligenz und Höhere Autonomie}, year = 2022 }
• MultiView: Koordinierter Sternsensorverbund im TunaCan-Format für CubeSats. Neumann, T.; Balagurin, O.; Baldsiefen, D.; Gerling, T.; Kaiser, T.; Kayal, H.; Maurer, A.; Riegler, C.; Schwarz, T. In Proceedings DLRK 2022, S. 7. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Der Zusammenschluss mehrerer miniaturisierter Sternsensoren bietet in der richtigen Konfiguration eine stark erhöhte Verfügbarkeit an genauen Lagedaten. Das begrenzte Bauvolumen auf einem CubeSat stellt dabei eine Herausforderung dar. Die Verwendung des TunaCan-Slots, verbunden mit dem Einsatz der gegebenen hohen Sensorredundanz, ermöglicht allerdings die Realisierung eines solchen Verbundes, während die Anforderungen im Rahmen einer CubeSat-Mission bleiben. Die internen Komponenten müssen selbständig miteinander arbeiten, um die funktionale Redundanz zu bewerkstelligen. Dazu zählt sowohl die Software als auch die entsprechend entworfene Elektronik. In diesem Paper wird solch ein Konzept ausgearbeitet und die Implementierung aufgeführt. Die interne Arbeitsweise zur Redundanzsteuerung und der Datenverarbeitung wird erläutert und die Validierung zum Einsatz im Orbit in Aussicht gestellt.

  @inproceedings{neumann2022multiview, abstract = {Der Zusammenschluss mehrerer miniaturisierter Sternsensoren bietet in der richtigen Konfiguration eine stark erhöhte Verfügbarkeit an genauen Lagedaten. Das begrenzte Bauvolumen auf einem CubeSat stellt dabei eine Herausforderung dar. Die Verwendung des TunaCan-Slots, verbunden mit dem Einsatz der gegebenen hohen Sensorredundanz, ermöglicht allerdings die Realisierung eines solchen Verbundes, während die Anforderungen im Rahmen einer CubeSat-Mission bleiben. Die internen Komponenten müssen selbständig miteinander arbeiten, um die funktionale Redundanz zu bewerkstelligen. Dazu zählt sowohl die Software als auch die entsprechend entworfene Elektronik. In diesem Paper wird solch ein Konzept ausgearbeitet und die Implementierung aufgeführt. Die interne Arbeitsweise zur Redundanzsteuerung und der Datenverarbeitung wird erläutert und die Validierung zum Einsatz im Orbit in Aussicht gestellt.}, address = {Bonn}, author = {Neumann, T. and Balagurin, O. and Baldsiefen, D. and Gerling, T. and Kaiser, T. and Kayal, H. and Maurer, A. and Riegler, C. and Schwarz, T.}, booktitle = {Proceedings DLRK 2022}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, pages = 7, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V.}, title = {MultiView: Koordinierter Sternsensorverbund im TunaCan-Format für CubeSats}, year = 2022 }
• Comparing Traditional and GAN-based Approaches for the Synthesis of Wide Area Network Topologies. Dietz, Katharina; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 18th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Thessaloniki, Greece, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-16, address = {Thessaloniki, Greece}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {Comparing Traditional and GAN-based Approaches for the Synthesis of Wide Area Network Topologies}, year = 2022 }
• Identification of Signaling Patterns in Mobile IoT Signaling Traffic. Vomhoff, Viktoria; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In WueWoWAS 22 - KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-8, author = {Vomhoff, Viktoria and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {WueWoWAS 22 - KuVS Fachgespräch - Würzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks}, keywords = {can}, month = {07}, title = {Identification of Signaling Patterns in Mobile IoT Signaling Traffic}, year = 2022 }
• Generic Model to Quantify Energy Consumption for Different LoRaWAN Channel Access Methods. Loh, Frank; Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  LoRaWAN is one of the most promising Internet of Things technologies with regard to low energy consumption. However, the currently used random channel access has much potential for improvement. Thus, current literature studies alternative channel access approaches, but the energy consumption is often not taken into consideration. For that reason, we present a generic model to quantify energy consumption in LoRaWAN for different channel access mechanisms based on a state machine. With our model, we can describe the energy consumption for specific access mechanisms or for the complete network. Our model shows that random access only performs best if no additional receive windows are opened. A simple improvement is Listen before Talk. For networks with high load, improvements are achieved by a more complex scheduled MAC. Our model serves as a basis for future energy consumption studies, conducted through measurements or simulations.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-21, abstract = {LoRaWAN is one of the most promising Internet of Things technologies with regard to low energy consumption. However, the currently used random channel access has much potential for improvement. Thus, current literature studies alternative channel access approaches, but the energy consumption is often not taken into consideration. For that reason, we present a generic model to quantify energy consumption in LoRaWAN for different channel access mechanisms based on a state machine. With our model, we can describe the energy consumption for specific access mechanisms or for the complete network. Our model shows that random access only performs best if no additional receive windows are opened. A simple improvement is Listen before Talk. For networks with high load, improvements are achieved by a more complex scheduled MAC. Our model serves as a basis for future energy consumption studies, conducted through measurements or simulations.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)}, keywords = {5mart}, month = 10, title = {Generic Model to Quantify Energy Consumption for Different LoRaWAN Channel Access Methods}, year = 2022 }
• Parametric Skin Wound Generation for Medical Simulations. Schott, Christian; Hofmann, Sarah; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2022 International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET), S. 1–8. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Medical simulations offer various opportunities to improve treatment training in different areas of medicine. The realism and thus effectiveness of wound care training goes hand in hand with the realism of the wounds themselves. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to (a) procedurally generate convincing-looking wound textures and (b) to dynamically project them onto animated, skinned meshes. Our method allows for creating dermal wounds of different types including abrasions, lacerations and puncture wounds. We analyzed the outcome by recreating visualization instances of these types, demonstrating the applicability of our system.

  @inproceedings{Schott:2022ab, abstract = {Medical simulations offer various opportunities to improve treatment training in different areas of medicine. The realism and thus effectiveness of wound care training goes hand in hand with the realism of the wounds themselves. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to (a) procedurally generate convincing-looking wound textures and (b) to dynamically project them onto animated, skinned meshes. Our method allows for creating dermal wounds of different types including abrasions, lacerations and puncture wounds. We analyzed the outcome by recreating visualization instances of these types, demonstrating the applicability of our system.}, author = {Schott, Christian and Hofmann, Sarah and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 10, pages = {1-8}, title = {Parametric Skin Wound Generation for Medical Simulations}, year = 2022 }
• Discrete-Time Analysis of Multi-Component Queuing Networks under Renewal Approximation. Geißler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Haßllinger, Gerhard; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 34st International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). , Shenzhen, China. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The analytical and numerical performance evaluation of network components and distributed systems has been a staple in the networking community for many years. However, the ever growing complexity of modern systems and the need to gain detailed insights into systems consisting of many, interconnected components emphasizes the need for an extension to the classical single-component approach, and although approaches like Jackson Networks exist, their limited application scope lags behind the complexity of modern environments. To this end, we revisit existing models of the common Gi/Gi/1-oo queue, extend them to allow the concatenation of multiple queueing components, and evaluate the approximation error introduced through renewal approximation. We revisit previously performed parameter studies and evaluate the approximation error for a wide range of parameter combinations that we can solve through the power of modern computing equipment and efficient numerical implementations of our models. We show the main impact factors for the linear concatenation of queueing components as well as the split and superposition of processes. Our evaluations show that the renewal approximation can be applied to a wide range of parameters while still obtaining results within acceptable error margins.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-17, abstract = {The analytical and numerical performance evaluation of network components and distributed systems has been a staple in the networking community for many years. However, the ever growing complexity of modern systems and the need to gain detailed insights into systems consisting of many, interconnected components emphasizes the need for an extension to the classical single-component approach, and although approaches like Jackson Networks exist, their limited application scope lags behind the complexity of modern environments. To this end, we revisit existing models of the common Gi/Gi/1-oo queue, extend them to allow the concatenation of multiple queueing components, and evaluate the approximation error introduced through renewal approximation. We revisit previously performed parameter studies and evaluate the approximation error for a wide range of parameter combinations that we can solve through the power of modern computing equipment and efficient numerical implementations of our models. We show the main impact factors for the linear concatenation of queueing components as well as the split and superposition of processes. Our evaluations show that the renewal approximation can be applied to a wide range of parameters while still obtaining results within acceptable error margins.}, author = {Geißler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Haßllinger, Gerhard and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {34st International Teletraffic Congress (ITC). , Shenzhen, China}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, title = {Discrete-Time Analysis of Multi-Component Queuing Networks under Renewal Approximation}, year = 2022 }
• Hardware and Software Redundancy Concepts on-board of SONATE-2. Maurer, Andreas; Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Riegler, Clemens; Schwarz, Tobias. Bd. IAC 2022 congress proceedings, S. 11. International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 100 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris, France, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  SONATE-2 is a 6U-CubeSat, which main mission goal is the in-orbit demonstration of a newly developed AI processing platform. Experiments running on this platform include lightening detection, image segmentation and anomaly detection in images taken by the satellite. Thereby, on-board training of neural networks for AI based image processing applications will be demonstrated. Secondary mission objectives include the verification of AOCS components, tests of the ADCS’s target-pointing capabilities and the operation of an amateur radio payload. The SONATE-2 satellite is planned to be launched into a SSO in Q1 2024. par In satellites, redundancy plays a key role due to the lack of hardware-based maintenance availability, but also because of the harsh space environment. Therefore, SONATE-2 consists of two fully redundant 5V and 12V busses which supply the satellite’s subsystems and payloads with the required amount of power. Redundant subsystems are connected to one of the two power busses. In case of a power failure on one of the two busses, the redundant component supplied by the other bus is then still operational. par A key element of the design of SONATE-2 is hardware-based redundancy of the communication subsystem, the ADCS, the OBDH and the AI payload. Each of these subsystems is included multiple times on-board. SONATE-2’s communication subsystem consists of two VHF-, two UHF- and two S-Band transceivers and antennas. The ADCS includes two processing computers and a total of four three-axis magnetometers, four three-axis gyroscopes, six reaction wheel, six magnetorquer and 12 sun sensors. On-board data handling tasks are executed by one of four available OBDH computers. The decision which OBDH is executing the telecommand processing and housekeeping tasks is determined by a software-based role arbitration. Furthermore, the AI-payload which consists of a Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX and four cameras is integrated in the satellite twice. par Each of these subsystems have further built-in software-based redundancy concepts, including fault detection, isolation, and recovery algorithms as well as redundant saved configurations. This paper gives a brief overview of the SONATE-2 mission with the focus on the built-in hardware and software redundancy concepts of the satellite bus and the payloads on SONATE-2.

  @conference{maurer2022hardware, abstract = {SONATE-2 is a 6U-CubeSat, which main mission goal is the in-orbit demonstration of a newly developed AI processing platform. Experiments running on this platform include lightening detection, image segmentation and anomaly detection in images taken by the satellite. Thereby, on-board training of neural networks for AI based image processing applications will be demonstrated. Secondary mission objectives include the verification of AOCS components, tests of the ADCS’s target-pointing capabilities and the operation of an amateur radio payload. The SONATE-2 satellite is planned to be launched into a SSO in Q1 2024. \par In satellites, redundancy plays a key role due to the lack of hardware-based maintenance availability, but also because of the harsh space environment. Therefore, SONATE-2 consists of two fully redundant 5V and 12V busses which supply the satellite’s subsystems and payloads with the required amount of power. Redundant subsystems are connected to one of the two power busses. In case of a power failure on one of the two busses, the redundant component supplied by the other bus is then still operational. \par A key element of the design of SONATE-2 is hardware-based redundancy of the communication subsystem, the ADCS, the OBDH and the AI payload. Each of these subsystems is included multiple times on-board. SONATE-2’s communication subsystem consists of two VHF-, two UHF- and two S-Band transceivers and antennas. The ADCS includes two processing computers and a total of four three-axis magnetometers, four three-axis gyroscopes, six reaction wheel, six magnetorquer and 12 sun sensors. On-board data handling tasks are executed by one of four available OBDH computers. The decision which OBDH is executing the telecommand processing and housekeeping tasks is determined by a software-based role arbitration. Furthermore, the AI-payload which consists of a Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX and four cameras is integrated in the satellite twice. \par Each of these subsystems have further built-in software-based redundancy concepts, including fault detection, isolation, and recovery algorithms as well as redundant saved configurations. This paper gives a brief overview of the SONATE-2 mission with the focus on the built-in hardware and software redundancy concepts of the satellite bus and the payloads on SONATE-2.}, address = {100 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris, France}, author = {Maurer, Andreas and Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Riegler, Clemens and Schwarz, Tobias}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, pages = 11, publisher = {International Astronautical Federation (IAF)}, title = {Hardware and Software Redundancy Concepts on-board of SONATE-2}, volume = {IAC 2022 congress proceedings}, year = 2022 }
• Waiting along the Path: How Browsing Delays Impact the QoE of Music Streaming Applications. Seufert, Anika; Schweifler, Ralf; Poignée, Fabian; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 14th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Streaming has become the dominant source of media consumption, which not only applies to the widely researched field of video streaming, but also to music streaming. Here, previous studies so far have only researched the impact of streaming aspects, such as stalling events or initial loading times, on the QoE of music streaming. However, when using a music streaming application, users are already facing waiting times along the click path before they can start the actual streaming. These waiting times are caused by browsing delays, e.g., during searching for songs or scrolling through playlists, and can potentially deteriorate the QoE of the music streaming application. In this work, we conduct an online QoE study to quantify the impact of these browsing delays with the support of an emulated mobile music streaming web app. We found that browsing delays have no impact on the music streaming QoE, which shows that users are able to clearly distinguish between the two main functionalities of such apps, namely, browsing and streaming. However, browsing delays significantly reduce the QoE of the entire music streaming application, to a similar extent as if QoE degradations happen during the actual streaming. This shows that both browsing and streaming are equally important and have to be considered when designing music streaming applications.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-13, abstract = {Streaming has become the dominant source of media consumption, which not only applies to the widely researched field of video streaming, but also to music streaming. Here, previous studies so far have only researched the impact of streaming aspects, such as stalling events or initial loading times, on the QoE of music streaming. However, when using a music streaming application, users are already facing waiting times along the click path before they can start the actual streaming. These waiting times are caused by browsing delays, e.g., during searching for songs or scrolling through playlists, and can potentially deteriorate the QoE of the music streaming application. In this work, we conduct an online QoE study to quantify the impact of these browsing delays with the support of an emulated mobile music streaming web app. We found that browsing delays have no impact on the music streaming QoE, which shows that users are able to clearly distinguish between the two main functionalities of such apps, namely, browsing and streaming. However, browsing delays significantly reduce the QoE of the entire music streaming application, to a similar extent as if QoE degradations happen during the actual streaming. This shows that both browsing and streaming are equally important and have to be considered when designing music streaming applications.}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Schweifler, Ralf and Poignée, Fabian and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {Waiting along the Path: How Browsing Delays Impact the QoE of Music Streaming Applications}, year = 2022 }
• A Vital Improvement? Relating Google’s Core Web Vitals to Actual Web QoE. Wehner, Nikolas; Amir, Monisha; Seufert, Michael; Schatz, Raimund; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 14th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), Best Paper Award. Lippstadt, Germany, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Providing sophisticated Web Quality of Experience (QoE) has become paramount for web service providers and network operators alike. Due to advances in Web technologies (HTML5, responsive design, etc.), traditional Web QoE models focusing mainly on loading times have to be refined and improved. In this work, we relate Google's Core Web Vitals, a set of metrics for improving user experience, to the loading time aspects of Web QoE. To this end, we first perform objective measurements in the Web using Google's Lighthouse. To close the gap between metrics and experience, we complement these objective measurements with subjective assessment by performing multiple crowdsourcing QoE studies. In these studies, we use CWeQS, a customized framework to emulate the entire web page loading process, and ask users for their experience while controlling the Core Web Vitals. Our results suggest that the Core Web Vitals have less predictive value for Web QoE than expected and that page loading times remain the main influence factor in this context.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-12, abstract = {Providing sophisticated Web Quality of Experience (QoE) has become paramount for web service providers and network operators alike. Due to advances in Web technologies (HTML5, responsive design, etc.), traditional Web QoE models focusing mainly on loading times have to be refined and improved. In this work, we relate Google's Core Web Vitals, a set of metrics for improving user experience, to the loading time aspects of Web QoE. To this end, we first perform objective measurements in the Web using Google's Lighthouse. To close the gap between metrics and experience, we complement these objective measurements with subjective assessment by performing multiple crowdsourcing QoE studies. In these studies, we use CWeQS, a customized framework to emulate the entire web page loading process, and ask users for their experience while controlling the Core Web Vitals. Our results suggest that the Core Web Vitals have less predictive value for Web QoE than expected and that page loading times remain the main influence factor in this context.}, address = {Lippstadt, Germany}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Amir, Monisha and Seufert, Michael and Schatz, Raimund and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {14th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), Best Paper Award}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {09}, title = {A Vital Improvement? Relating Google's Core Web Vitals to Actual Web QoE}, year = 2022 }
• Repeated experience or a virtual nose to reduce simulator sickness? Investigating prediction of the sensorial conflict theory and the rest-frame hypothesis in two virtual games. Wienrich, Carolin; Obremski, David; Israel, Johann Habakuk. In Entertainment Computing, 43, S. 100514. Elsevier BV, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Wienrich_2022, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Obremski, David and Israel, Johann Habakuk}, journal = {Entertainment Computing}, keywords = {MI}, month = {08}, pages = 100514, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, title = {Repeated experience or a virtual nose to reduce simulator sickness? Investigating prediction of the sensorial conflict theory and the rest-frame hypothesis in two virtual games}, volume = 43, year = 2022 }
• Fly My Little Dragon: Using AR to Learn Geometry. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Krop, Philipp; Straka, Samantha; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Games (CoG ’22), S. 528–531. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  We present the gamified AR learning environment ARES. During the gameplay, learners guide the little dragon called ”Ares” through dungeons. Using AR, ARES threedimensionally integrates the dungeons in the real-world. Each dungeon represents a coordinate system with obstacles that ultimately create mathematical exercises, e.g. rotating a door to let the dragon fly through it. Overcoming such a challenge requires a learner to spatially analyze the exercise and apply the fundamental mathematical principles. ARES displays a debriefing screen at the end of a dungeon to further support the learning process. In a preliminary qualitative user study, preservice and in-service teachers saw great potential in ARES for providing further practical and motivating exercises to deepen the knowledge in the classroom and at home.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2022little, abstract = {We present the gamified AR learning environment ARES. During the gameplay, learners guide the little dragon called ”Ares” through dungeons. Using AR, ARES threedimensionally integrates the dungeons in the real-world. Each dungeon represents a coordinate system with obstacles that ultimately create mathematical exercises, e.g. rotating a door to let the dragon fly through it. Overcoming such a challenge requires a learner to spatially analyze the exercise and apply the fundamental mathematical principles. ARES displays a debriefing screen at the end of a dungeon to further support the learning process. In a preliminary qualitative user study, preservice and in-service teachers saw great potential in ARES for providing further practical and motivating exercises to deepen the knowledge in the classroom and at home.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Krop, Philipp and Straka, Samantha and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Games (CoG '22)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {08}, pages = {528-531}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Fly My Little Dragon: Using AR to Learn Geometry}, year = 2022 }
• femtoPro: Ultrafast Phenomena in Virtual Reality. Müller, Stefan; Brixner, Tobias; Knote, Andreas; Schnepp, Wilhelm; Truman, Samuel; Vetter, Anne; von Mammen, Sebastian. In The International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena ({UP}) 2022 (2022), paper W4A.42, S. W4A.42. Optica Publishing Group, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  We introduce ``femtoPro,'' an interactive simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory in virtual reality (VR). Gaussian beam propagation as well as linear and nonlinear optical phenomena are calculated in real time on consumer-grade VR devices.

  @inproceedings{Muller:2022aa, abstract = {We introduce ``femtoPro,'' an interactive simulator of an ultrafast laser laboratory in virtual reality (VR). Gaussian beam propagation as well as linear and nonlinear optical phenomena are calculated in real time on consumer-grade VR devices.}, author = {M{\"u}ller, Stefan and Brixner, Tobias and Knote, Andreas and Schnepp, Wilhelm and Truman, Samuel and Vetter, Anne and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {The {International} {Conference} on {Ultrafast} {Phenomena} ({UP}) 2022 (2022), paper {W4A}.42}, keywords = {myown}, month = {07}, pages = {W4A.42}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, title = {{femtoPro}: {Ultrafast} {Phenomena} in {Virtual} {Reality}}, year = 2022 }
• Pandemic in the Digital Age: Analyzing WhatsApp Communication Behavior before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown. Seufert, Anika; Poignée, Fabian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael. In Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), S. 140 (1–9). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The strict restrictions introduced by the COVID-19 lockdowns, which started from March 2020, changed people’s daily lives and habits on many different levels. In this work, we investigate the impact of the lockdown on the communication behavior in the mobile instant messaging application WhatsApp. Our evaluations are based on a large dataset of 2577 private chat histories with 25,378,093 messages from 51,973 users. The analysis of the one-to-one and group conversations confirms that the lockdown severely altered the communication in WhatsApp chats compared to pre-pandemic time ranges. In particular, we observe short-term effects, which caused an increased message frequency in the first lockdown months and a shifted communication activity during the day in March and April 2020. Moreover, we also see long-term effects of the ongoing pandemic situation until February 2021, which indicate a change of communication behavior towards more regular messaging, as well as a persisting change in activity during the day. The results of our work show that even anonymized chat histories can tell us a lot about people’s behavior and especially behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are of great relevance for behavioral researchers. Furthermore, looking at the pandemic from an Internet provider perspective, these insights can be used during the next pandemic, or if the current COVID-19 situation worsens, to adapt communication networks to the changed usage behavior early on and thus avoid network congestion.

  @article{info3-article-2022-14, abstract = {The strict restrictions introduced by the COVID-19 lockdowns, which started from March 2020, changed people’s daily lives and habits on many different levels. In this work, we investigate the impact of the lockdown on the communication behavior in the mobile instant messaging application WhatsApp. Our evaluations are based on a large dataset of 2577 private chat histories with 25,378,093 messages from 51,973 users. The analysis of the one-to-one and group conversations confirms that the lockdown severely altered the communication in WhatsApp chats compared to pre-pandemic time ranges. In particular, we observe short-term effects, which caused an increased message frequency in the first lockdown months and a shifted communication activity during the day in March and April 2020. Moreover, we also see long-term effects of the ongoing pandemic situation until February 2021, which indicate a change of communication behavior towards more regular messaging, as well as a persisting change in activity during the day. The results of our work show that even anonymized chat histories can tell us a lot about people’s behavior and especially behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are of great relevance for behavioral researchers. Furthermore, looking at the pandemic from an Internet provider perspective, these insights can be used during the next pandemic, or if the current COVID-19 situation worsens, to adapt communication networks to the changed usage behavior early on and thus avoid network congestion.}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Poignée, Fabian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael}, journal = {Humanities and Social Sciences Communications}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {04}, number = 1, pages = {140 (1-9)}, title = {Pandemic in the Digital Age: Analyzing WhatsApp Communication Behavior before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown}, volume = 9, year = 2022 }
• Mixed-Cultural Speech for Mixed-Cultural Users - Natural vs. Synthetic Speech for Virtual Agents. Obremski, David; Lugrin, Birgit. In HAI ’22: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, S. 290–292. ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inproceedings{Obremski_HAI_Poster_2022, author = {Obremski, David and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {HAI '22: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction}, keywords = {accent}, month = 12, pages = {290-292}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Mixed-Cultural Speech for Mixed-Cultural Users - Natural vs. Synthetic Speech for Virtual Agents}, year = 2022 }
• Performance Evaluation of Next-Generation Data Plane Architectures and their Components. Technical Report (PhD dissertation), . Geißler, Stefan. PhD dissertation. University of Würzburg, 2022, April.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  In this doctoral thesis we cover the performance evaluation of next generation data plane architectures, comprised of complex software as well as programmable hardware components that allow fine granular configuration. In the scope of the thesis we propose mechanisms to monitor the performance of singular components and model key performance indicators of software based packet processing solutions. We present novel approaches towards network abstraction that allow the integration of heterogeneous data plane technologies into a singular network while maintaining total transparency between control and data plane. Finally, we investigate a full, complex system consisting of multiple software-based solutions and perform a detailed performance analysis. We employ simulative approaches to investigate overload control mechanisms that allow efficient operation under adversary conditions. The contributions of this work build the foundation for future research in the areas of network softwarization and network function virtualization.

  @phdthesis{info3-dissertation-2022-1, abstract = {In this doctoral thesis we cover the performance evaluation of next generation data plane architectures, comprised of complex software as well as programmable hardware components that allow fine granular configuration. In the scope of the thesis we propose mechanisms to monitor the performance of singular components and model key performance indicators of software based packet processing solutions. We present novel approaches towards network abstraction that allow the integration of heterogeneous data plane technologies into a singular network while maintaining total transparency between control and data plane. Finally, we investigate a full, complex system consisting of multiple software-based solutions and perform a detailed performance analysis. We employ simulative approaches to investigate overload control mechanisms that allow efficient operation under adversary conditions. The contributions of this work build the foundation for future research in the areas of network softwarization and network function virtualization.}, author = {Geißler, Stefan}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, school = {University of Würzburg}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Next-Generation Data Plane Architectures and their Components}, year = 2022 }
• Stay Safe! Safety Precautions for Walking on a Conventional Treadmill in VR. Birnstiel, Sandra; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR ’22), S. 732–733. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Conventional treadmills are used in virtual reality (VR) applications, such as for rehabilitation training or gait studies. However, using the devices in VR poses risks of injury. Therefore, this study investigates safety precautions when using a conventional treadmill for a walking task. We designed a safety belt and displayed parts of the treadmill in VR. The safety belt was much appreciated by the participants and did not affect the walking behavior. However, the participants requested more visual cues in the user’s field of view.

  @inproceedings{birnstiel2022safety, abstract = {Conventional treadmills are used in virtual reality (VR) applications, such as for rehabilitation training or gait studies. However, using the devices in VR poses risks of injury. Therefore, this study investigates safety precautions when using a conventional treadmill for a walking task. We designed a safety belt and displayed parts of the treadmill in VR. The safety belt was much appreciated by the participants and did not affect the walking behavior. However, the participants requested more visual cues in the user’s field of view.}, author = {Birnstiel, Sandra and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR '22)}, keywords = {myown}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {732-733}, title = {Stay Safe! Safety Precautions for Walking on a Conventional Treadmill in VR}, year = 2022 }
• InDiReCT: Language-Guided Zero-Shot Deep Metric Learning for Images. Kobs, Konstantin; Steininger, Michael; Hotho, Andreas. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Common Deep Metric Learning (DML) datasets specify only one notion of similarity, e.g., two images in the Cars196 dataset are deemed similar if they show the same car model. We argue that depending on the application, users of image retrieval systems have different and changing similarity notions that should be incorporated as easily as possible. Therefore, we present Language-Guided Zero-Shot Deep Metric Learning (LanZ-DML) as a new DML setting in which users control the properties that should be important for image representations without training data by only using natural language. To this end, we propose InDiReCT (Image representations using Dimensionality Reduction on CLIP embedded Texts), a model for LanZ-DML on images that exclusively uses a few text prompts for training. InDiReCT utilizes CLIP as a fixed feature extractor for images and texts and transfers the variation in text prompt embeddings to the image embedding space. Extensive experiments on five datasets and overall thirteen similarity notions show that, despite not seeing any images during training, InDiReCT performs better than strong baselines and approaches the performance of fully-supervised models. An analysis reveals that InDiReCT learns to focus on regions of the image that correlate with the desired similarity notion, which makes it a fast to train and easy to use method to create custom embedding spaces only using natural language.

  @misc{kobs2022indirect, abstract = {Common Deep Metric Learning (DML) datasets specify only one notion of similarity, e.g., two images in the Cars196 dataset are deemed similar if they show the same car model. We argue that depending on the application, users of image retrieval systems have different and changing similarity notions that should be incorporated as easily as possible. Therefore, we present Language-Guided Zero-Shot Deep Metric Learning (LanZ-DML) as a new DML setting in which users control the properties that should be important for image representations without training data by only using natural language. To this end, we propose InDiReCT (Image representations using Dimensionality Reduction on CLIP embedded Texts), a model for LanZ-DML on images that exclusively uses a few text prompts for training. InDiReCT utilizes CLIP as a fixed feature extractor for images and texts and transfers the variation in text prompt embeddings to the image embedding space. Extensive experiments on five datasets and overall thirteen similarity notions show that, despite not seeing any images during training, InDiReCT performs better than strong baselines and approaches the performance of fully-supervised models. An analysis reveals that InDiReCT learns to focus on regions of the image that correlate with the desired similarity notion, which makes it a fast to train and easy to use method to create custom embedding spaces only using natural language.}, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Steininger, Michael and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {selected}, note = {cite arxiv:2211.12760Comment: Accepted to WACV 2023}, title = {InDiReCT: Language-Guided Zero-Shot Deep Metric Learning for Images}, year = 2022 }
• Sequential Item Recommendation in the MOBA Game Dota 2. Dallmann, Alexander; Kohlmann, Johannes; Zoller, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2201.08724. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2201-08724, author = {Dallmann, Alexander and Kohlmann, Johannes and Zoller, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {Sequential Item Recommendation in the {MOBA} Game Dota 2}, volume = {abs/2201.08724}, year = 2022 }
• SCRAPS: Scalable Collective Remote Attestation for Pub-Sub IoT Networks with Untrusted Proxy Verifier. Petzi, Lukas; Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Tsudik, Gene; Prantl, Thomas; Kounev, Samuel. Bd. USENIX Security ’22. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Remote Attestation (RA) is a basic security mechanism that detects malicious presence on various types of computing components, e.g., IoT devices. In a typical IoT setting, RA involves a trusted Verifier that sends a challenge to an untrusted remote Prover, which must in turn reply with a fresh and authentic evidence of being in a trustworthy state. However,most current RA schemes assume a central Verifier, which rep-resents a single point of failure. This feature is problematic when mutually suspicious stakeholders are involved. Furthermore, scalability issues arise as the number of IoT devices (Provers) grows. Although some RA schemes allow peer Provers to act as Verifiers, they involve unrealistic (for IoT devices) requirements, such as time synchronization and synchronous communication. Moreover, they incur heavy memory, computation,and communication burdens, while not considering sleeping or otherwise disconnected devices. Motivated by the need to address these limitations, we construct Scalable Collective Remote Attestation for Pub-Sub (SCRAPS), a novel collective RA scheme. It achieves scalability by outsourcing Verifier duties to a smart contract and mitigates DoS attacks against both Provers and Verifiers. It also removes the need for synchronous communication. Furthermore,RA evidence in SCRAPS is publicly verifiable, which significantly reduces the number of attestation evidence computations, thus lowering Prover burden. We report on a prototype of SCRAPS over Hyperledger Sawtooth (a blockchain geared for IoT use-cases) and evaluate its performance, scalability, and security aspects.

  @proceedings{petzi2022scraps, abstract = {Remote Attestation (RA) is a basic security mechanism that detects malicious presence on various types of computing components, e.g., IoT devices. In a typical IoT setting, RA involves a trusted Verifier that sends a challenge to an untrusted remote Prover, which must in turn reply with a fresh and authentic evidence of being in a trustworthy state. However,most current RA schemes assume a central Verifier, which rep-resents a single point of failure. This feature is problematic when mutually suspicious stakeholders are involved. Furthermore, scalability issues arise as the number of IoT devices (Provers) grows. Although some RA schemes allow peer Provers to act as Verifiers, they involve unrealistic (for IoT devices) requirements, such as time synchronization and synchronous communication. Moreover, they incur heavy memory, computation,and communication burdens, while not considering sleeping or otherwise disconnected devices. Motivated by the need to address these limitations, we construct Scalable Collective Remote Attestation for Pub-Sub (SCRAPS), a novel collective RA scheme. It achieves scalability by outsourcing Verifier duties to a smart contract and mitigates DoS attacks against both Provers and Verifiers. It also removes the need for synchronous communication. Furthermore,RA evidence in SCRAPS is publicly verifiable, which significantly reduces the number of attestation evidence computations, thus lowering Prover burden. We report on a prototype of SCRAPS over Hyperledger Sawtooth (a blockchain geared for IoT use-cases) and evaluate its performance, scalability, and security aspects.}, author = {Petzi, Lukas and Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Tsudik, Gene and Prantl, Thomas and Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {sss-group}, note = {Coming Soon}, title = {SCRAPS: Scalable Collective Remote Attestation for Pub-Sub IoT Networks with Untrusted Proxy Verifier}, volume = {USENIX Security '22}, year = 2022 }
• The State of Serverless Applications: Collection, Characterization, and Community Consensus. Eismann, Simon; Scheuner, Joel; van Eyk, Erwin; Schwinger, Maximilian; Grohmann, Johannes; Herbst, Nikolas; Abad, Cristina; Iosup, Alexandru. In Transactions on Software Engineering, 48(10), S. 4152–4166. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Over the last five years, all major cloud platform providers have increased their serverless offerings. Many early adopters report significant benefits for serverless-based over traditional applications, and many companies are considering moving to serverless themselves. However, currently there exist only few, scattered, and sometimes even conflicting reports on when serverless applications are well suited and what the best practices for their implementation are. We address this problem in the present study about the state of serverless applications. We collect descriptions of 89 serverless applications from open-source projects, academic literature, industrial literature, and domain-specific feedback. We analyze 16 characteristics that describe why and when successful adopters are using serverless applications, and how they are building them. We further compare the results of our characterization study to 10 existing, mostly industrial, studies and datasets; this allows us to identify points of consensus across multiple studies, investigate points of disagreement, and overall confirm the validity of our results. The results of this study can help managers to decide if they should adopt serverless technology, engineers to learn about current practices of building serverless applications, and researchers and platform providers to better understand the current landscape of serverless applications.

  @article{eismann2021state, abstract = {Over the last five years, all major cloud platform providers have increased their serverless offerings. Many early adopters report significant benefits for serverless-based over traditional applications, and many companies are considering moving to serverless themselves. However, currently there exist only few, scattered, and sometimes even conflicting reports on when serverless applications are well suited and what the best practices for their implementation are. We address this problem in the present study about the state of serverless applications. We collect descriptions of 89 serverless applications from open-source projects, academic literature, industrial literature, and domain-specific feedback. We analyze 16 characteristics that describe why and when successful adopters are using serverless applications, and how they are building them. We further compare the results of our characterization study to 10 existing, mostly industrial, studies and datasets; this allows us to identify points of consensus across multiple studies, investigate points of disagreement, and overall confirm the validity of our results. The results of this study can help managers to decide if they should adopt serverless technology, engineers to learn about current practices of building serverless applications, and researchers and platform providers to better understand the current landscape of serverless applications.}, author = {Eismann, Simon and Scheuner, Joel and van Eyk, Erwin and Schwinger, Maximilian and Grohmann, Johannes and Herbst, Nikolas and Abad, Cristina and Iosup, Alexandru}, journal = {Transactions on Software Engineering}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 10, pages = {4152- 4166}, title = {The State of Serverless Applications: Collection, Characterization, and Community Consensus}, volume = 48, year = 2022 }
• The Segment Number: Algorithms and Universal Lower Bounds for Some Classes of Planar Graphs. Goeßmann, Ina; Klawitter, Jonathan; Klemz, Boris; Klesen, Felix; Kobourov, Stephen G.; Kryven, Myroslav; Wolff, Alexander; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 48th Int. Workshop Graph-Theoretic Concepts Comput. Sci. (WG’22), Bd. 13453 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, M. Bekos, M. Kaufmann (Hrsg.), S. 16 pages. Springer-Verlag, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{gkkkkkwz-snaul-WG22, author = {Goe{\ss}mann, Ina and Klawitter, Jonathan and Klemz, Boris and Klesen, Felix and Kobourov, Stephen G. and Kryven, Myroslav and Wolff, Alexander and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 48th Int. Workshop Graph-Theoretic Concepts Comput. Sci. (WG'22)}, editor = {Bekos, Michael and Kaufmann, Michael}, keywords = {visual_complexity}, pages = {16 pages}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {The Segment Number: Algorithms and Universal Lower Bounds for Some Classes of Planar Graphs}, volume = 13453, year = 2022 }
• A Case Study on the Rapid Development of Natural and Synergistic Multimodal Interfaces for XR Use-Cases. Zimmerer, Chris; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, von CHI EA ’22. Association for Computing Machinery, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Multimodal Interfaces (MMIs) supporting the synergistic use of natural modalities like speech and gesture have been conceived as promising for spatial or 3D interactions, e.g., in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (XR for short). Yet, the currently prevailing user interfaces are unimodal. Commercially available software platforms like the Unity or Unreal game engines simplify the complexity of developing XR applications through appropriate tool support. They provide ready-to-use device integration, e.g., for 3D controllers or motion tracking, and according interaction techniques such as menus, (3D) point-and-click, or even simple symbolic gestures to rapidly develop unimodal interfaces. A comparable tool support is yet missing for multimodal solutions in this and similar areas. We believe that this hinders user-centered research based on rapid prototyping of MMIs, the identification and formulation of practical design guidelines, the development of killer applications highlighting the power of MMIs, and ultimately a widespread adoption of MMIs. This article investigates potential reasons for the ongoing uncommonness of MMIs. Our case study illustrates and analyzes lessons learned during the development and application of a toolchain that supports rapid development of natural and synergistic MMIs for XR use-cases. We analyze the toolchain in terms of developer usability, development time, and MMI customization. This analysis is based on the knowledge gained in years of research and academic education. Specifically, it reflects on the development of appropriate MMI tools and their application in various demo use-cases, in user-centered research, and in the lab work of a mandatory MMI course of an HCI master’s program. The derived insights highlight successful choices made as well as potential areas for improvement.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3491101.3503552, abstract = {Multimodal Interfaces (MMIs) supporting the synergistic use of natural modalities like speech and gesture have been conceived as promising for spatial or 3D interactions, e.g., in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (XR for short). Yet, the currently prevailing user interfaces are unimodal. Commercially available software platforms like the Unity or Unreal game engines simplify the complexity of developing XR applications through appropriate tool support. They provide ready-to-use device integration, e.g., for 3D controllers or motion tracking, and according interaction techniques such as menus, (3D) point-and-click, or even simple symbolic gestures to rapidly develop unimodal interfaces. A comparable tool support is yet missing for multimodal solutions in this and similar areas. We believe that this hinders user-centered research based on rapid prototyping of MMIs, the identification and formulation of practical design guidelines, the development of killer applications highlighting the power of MMIs, and ultimately a widespread adoption of MMIs. This article investigates potential reasons for the ongoing uncommonness of MMIs. Our case study illustrates and analyzes lessons learned during the development and application of a toolchain that supports rapid development of natural and synergistic MMIs for XR use-cases. We analyze the toolchain in terms of developer usability, development time, and MMI customization. This analysis is based on the knowledge gained in years of research and academic education. Specifically, it reflects on the development of appropriate MMI tools and their application in various demo use-cases, in user-centered research, and in the lab work of a mandatory MMI course of an HCI master’s program. The derived insights highlight successful choices made as well as potential areas for improvement.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Zimmerer, Chris and Fischbach, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {mmi}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '22}, title = {A Case Study on the Rapid Development of Natural and Synergistic Multimodal Interfaces for XR Use-Cases}, year = 2022 }
• Reducing the Cognitive Load of Playing a Digital Tabletop Game with a Multimodal Interface. Zimmerer, Chris; Krop, Philipp; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, von CHI ’22. Association for Computing Machinery, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Multimodal Interfaces (MMIs) combining speech and spatial input have the potential to elicit minimal cognitive load. Low cognitive load increases effectiveness as well as user satisfaction and is regarded as an important aspect of intuitive use. While this potential has been extensively theorized in the research community, experiments that provide supporting observations based on functional interfaces are still scarce. In particular, there is a lack of studies comparing the commonly used Unimodal Interfaces (UMIs) with theoretically superior synergistic MMI alternatives. Yet, these studies are an essential prerequisite for generalizing results, developing practice-oriented guidelines, and ultimately exploiting the potential of MMIs in a broader range of applications. This work contributes a novel observation towards the resolution of this shortcoming in the context of the following combination of applied interaction techniques, tasks, application domain, and technology: We present a comprehensive evaluation of a synergistic speech & touch MMI and a touch-only menu-based UMI (interaction techniques) for selection and system control tasks in a digital tabletop game (application domain) on an interactive surface (technology). Cognitive load, user experience, and intuitive use are evaluated, with the former being assessed by means of the dual-task paradigm. Our experiment shows that the implemented MMI causes significantly less cognitive load and is perceived significantly more usable and intuitive than the UMI. Based on our results, we derive recommendations for the interface design of digital tabletop games on interactive surfaces. Further, we argue that our results and design recommendations are suitable to be generalized to other application domains on interactive surfaces for selection and system control tasks.

  @inproceedings{10.1145/3491102.3502062, abstract = {Multimodal Interfaces (MMIs) combining speech and spatial input have the potential to elicit minimal cognitive load. Low cognitive load increases effectiveness as well as user satisfaction and is regarded as an important aspect of intuitive use. While this potential has been extensively theorized in the research community, experiments that provide supporting observations based on functional interfaces are still scarce. In particular, there is a lack of studies comparing the commonly used Unimodal Interfaces (UMIs) with theoretically superior synergistic MMI alternatives. Yet, these studies are an essential prerequisite for generalizing results, developing practice-oriented guidelines, and ultimately exploiting the potential of MMIs in a broader range of applications. This work contributes a novel observation towards the resolution of this shortcoming in the context of the following combination of applied interaction techniques, tasks, application domain, and technology: We present a comprehensive evaluation of a synergistic speech & touch MMI and a touch-only menu-based UMI (interaction techniques) for selection and system control tasks in a digital tabletop game (application domain) on an interactive surface (technology). Cognitive load, user experience, and intuitive use are evaluated, with the former being assessed by means of the dual-task paradigm. Our experiment shows that the implemented MMI causes significantly less cognitive load and is perceived significantly more usable and intuitive than the UMI. Based on our results, we derive recommendations for the interface design of digital tabletop games on interactive surfaces. Further, we argue that our results and design recommendations are suitable to be generalized to other application domains on interactive surfaces for selection and system control tasks.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Zimmerer, Chris and Krop, Philipp and Fischbach, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {mmi}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI '22}, title = {Reducing the Cognitive Load of Playing a Digital Tabletop Game with a Multimodal Interface}, year = 2022 }
• Are You Referring to Me? - Giving Virtual Objects Awareness. Stingl, René; Zimmerer, Chris; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), S. 671–673. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This work introduces an interaction technique to determine the user’s non-verbal deixis in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. We tailored it for multimodal speech & gesture interfaces (MMIs). Here, non-verbal deixis is often determined by the use of ray-casting due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, ray-casting’s rigidness and dichotomous nature pose limitations concerning the MMI’s flexibility and efficiency. In contrast, our technique considers a more comprehensive set of directional cues to determine non-verbal deixis and provides probabilistic output to tackle these limitations. We present a machine-learning-based reference implementation of our technique in VR and the results of a first performance benchmark. Future work includes an in-depth user study evaluating our technique’s user experience in an MMI.

  @inproceedings{9974498, abstract = {This work introduces an interaction technique to determine the user’s non-verbal deixis in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. We tailored it for multimodal speech & gesture interfaces (MMIs). Here, non-verbal deixis is often determined by the use of ray-casting due to its simplicity and intuitiveness. However, ray-casting’s rigidness and dichotomous nature pose limitations concerning the MMI’s flexibility and efficiency. In contrast, our technique considers a more comprehensive set of directional cues to determine non-verbal deixis and provides probabilistic output to tackle these limitations. We present a machine-learning-based reference implementation of our technique in VR and the results of a first performance benchmark. Future work includes an in-depth user study evaluating our technique’s user experience in an MMI.}, author = {Stingl, René and Zimmerer, Chris and Fischbach, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)}, keywords = {mmi}, pages = {671-673}, title = {Are You Referring to Me? - Giving Virtual Objects Awareness}, year = 2022 }
• Learning Classifier Systems as Recommender Systems. Babu, Sooraj K; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop LIFELIKE 2022. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  A multitude of software domains, ranging from e-commerce services to personal digital assistants, rely on recommender systems (RS) to enhance their performance and customer experience. There are several established approaches to RS, including algorithms, namely, collaborative filtering, content based filtering, and various hybrid systems that use different verticals of data, such as the user's preferences, the metadata of items to be suggested, etc., to generate recommendations. Contrary to those, we adopt a classifier system to benefit from its rule-based knowledge representation and interwoven learning mechanisms. In this paper, we present our approach and elaborate on its potential use to flexibly and effectively guide a user through the application of an authoring platform.

  @inproceedings{Babu:2022aa, abstract = {A multitude of software domains, ranging from e-commerce services to personal digital assistants, rely on recommender systems (RS) to enhance their performance and customer experience. There are several established approaches to RS, including algorithms, namely, collaborative filtering, content based filtering, and various hybrid systems that use different verticals of data, such as the user's preferences, the metadata of items to be suggested, etc., to generate recommendations. Contrary to those, we adopt a classifier system to benefit from its rule-based knowledge representation and interwoven learning mechanisms. In this paper, we present our approach and elaborate on its potential use to flexibly and effectively guide a user through the application of an authoring platform.}, author = {Babu, Sooraj K and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop LIFELIKE 2022}, keywords = {via-vr}, title = {Learning Classifier Systems as Recommender Systems}, year = 2022 }
• ICPE ’22: ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, Bejing, China, April 9 - 13, 2022, Companion Volume. Feng, Dan; Becker, Steffen; Herbst, Nikolas; Leitner, Philipp. D. Feng; S. Becker; N. Herbst; P. Leitner (Hrsg.). ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @proceedings{DBLP:conf/wosp/2022c, author = {Feng, Dan and Becker, Steffen and Herbst, Nikolas and Leitner, Philipp}, editor = {Feng, Dan and Becker, Steffen and Herbst, Nikolas and Leitner, Philipp}, keywords = {t_proceedings}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{ICPE} '22: {ACM/SPEC} International Conference on Performance Engineering, Bejing, China, April 9 - 13, 2022, Companion Volume}, year = 2022 }
• Comparison of Data Encodings and Machine Learning Architectures for User Identification on Arbitrary Motion Sequences. Rack, Christian; Hotho, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the IEEE International conference on artificial intelligence & Virtual Reality (IEEE AIVR). IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{schell2022comparison, author = {Rack, Christian and Hotho, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International conference on artificial intelligence & Virtual Reality (IEEE AIVR)}, keywords = {schell}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Comparison of Data Encodings and Machine Learning Architectures for User Identification on Arbitrary Motion Sequences}, year = 2022 }
• Plausibility and Perception of Personalized Virtual Humans between Virtual and Augmented Reality. Wolf, Erik; Mal, David; Frohnapfel, Viktor; Döllinger, Nina; Wenninger, Stephan; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), S. 489–498. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This article investigates the effects of different XR displays on the perception and plausibility of personalized virtual humans. We compared immersive virtual reality (VR), video see-through augmented reality (VST AR), and optical see-through AR (OST AR). The personalized virtual alter egos were generated by state-of-the-art photogrammetry methods. 42 participants were repeatedly exposed to animated versions of their 3D-reconstructed virtual alter egos in each of the three XR display conditions. The reconstructed virtual alter egos were additionally modified in body weight for each repetition. We show that the display types lead to different degrees of incongruence between the renderings of the virtual humans and the presentation of the respective environmental backgrounds, leading to significant effects of perceived mismatches as part of a plausibility measurement. The device-related effects were further partly confirmed by subjective misestimations of the modified body weight and the measured spatial presence. Here, the exceedingly incongruent OST AR condition leads to the significantly highest weight misestimations as well as to the lowest perceived spatial presence. However, similar effects could not be confirmed for the affective appraisal (i.e., humanness, eeriness, or attractiveness) of the virtual humans, giving rise to the assumption that these factors might be unrelated to each other.

  @inproceedings{wolf2022plausibility, abstract = {This article investigates the effects of different XR displays on the perception and plausibility of personalized virtual humans. We compared immersive virtual reality (VR), video see-through augmented reality (VST AR), and optical see-through AR (OST AR). The personalized virtual alter egos were generated by state-of-the-art photogrammetry methods. 42 participants were repeatedly exposed to animated versions of their 3D-reconstructed virtual alter egos in each of the three XR display conditions. The reconstructed virtual alter egos were additionally modified in body weight for each repetition. We show that the display types lead to different degrees of incongruence between the renderings of the virtual humans and the presentation of the respective environmental backgrounds, leading to significant effects of perceived mismatches as part of a plausibility measurement. The device-related effects were further partly confirmed by subjective misestimations of the modified body weight and the measured spatial presence. Here, the exceedingly incongruent OST AR condition leads to the significantly highest weight misestimations as well as to the lowest perceived spatial presence. However, similar effects could not be confirmed for the affective appraisal (i.e., humanness, eeriness, or attractiveness) of the virtual humans, giving rise to the assumption that these factors might be unrelated to each other.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Mal, David and Frohnapfel, Viktor and Döllinger, Nina and Wenninger, Stephan and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)}, keywords = {dmal}, pages = {489-498}, title = {Plausibility and Perception of Personalized Virtual Humans between Virtual and Augmented Reality}, year = 2022 }
• Opportunities and Challenges of Virtual Reality in Healthcare -- A Domain Experts Inquiry. Halbig, Andreas; Babu, Sooraj K.; Gatter, Shirin; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Brukamp, Kirsten; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 3. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In recent years, the applications and accessibility of Virtual Reality (VR) for the healthcare sector have continued to grow. However, so far, most VR applications are only relevant in research settings. Information about what healthcare professionals would need to independently integrate VR applications into their daily working routines is missing. The actual needs and concerns of the people who work in the healthcare sector are often disregarded in the development of VR applications, even though they are the ones who are supposed to use them in practice. By means of this study, we systematically involve health professionals in the development process of VR applications. In particular, we conducted an online survey with 102 healthcare professionals based on a video prototype which demonstrates a software platform that allows them to create and utilise VR experiences on their own. For this study, we adapted and extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey focused on the perceived usefulness and the ease of use of such a platform, as well as the attitude and ethical concerns the users might have. The results show a generally positive attitude toward such a software platform. The users can imagine various use cases in different health domains. However, the perceived usefulness is tied to the actual ease of use of the platform and sufficient support for learning and working with the platform. In the discussion, we explain how these results can be generalized to facilitate the integration of VR in healthcare practice.

  @article{Halbig:2022aa, abstract = {In recent years, the applications and accessibility of Virtual Reality (VR) for the healthcare sector have continued to grow. However, so far, most VR applications are only relevant in research settings. Information about what healthcare professionals would need to independently integrate VR applications into their daily working routines is missing. The actual needs and concerns of the people who work in the healthcare sector are often disregarded in the development of VR applications, even though they are the ones who are supposed to use them in practice. By means of this study, we systematically involve health professionals in the development process of VR applications. In particular, we conducted an online survey with 102 healthcare professionals based on a video prototype which demonstrates a software platform that allows them to create and utilise VR experiences on their own. For this study, we adapted and extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The survey focused on the perceived usefulness and the ease of use of such a platform, as well as the attitude and ethical concerns the users might have. The results show a generally positive attitude toward such a software platform. The users can imagine various use cases in different health domains. However, the perceived usefulness is tied to the actual ease of use of the platform and sufficient support for learning and working with the platform. In the discussion, we explain how these results can be generalized to facilitate the integration of VR in healthcare practice.}, author = {Halbig, Andreas and Babu, Sooraj K. and Gatter, Shirin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Brukamp, Kirsten and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {via-vr}, title = {Opportunities and Challenges of Virtual Reality in Healthcare – A Domain Experts Inquiry}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
• Digitale Leseförderung: Effekte eines silbenbasierten digitalen Lesetrainings in Klasse 2. Heß, J.; Karageorgos, P.; Richter, T.; Müller, B.; Riedmann, A.; Schaper, P.; Lugrin, B. In Vortrag auf dem 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs). 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{hess2022digitale, author = {Heß, J. and Karageorgos, P. and Richter, T. and Müller, B. and Riedmann, A. and Schaper, P. and Lugrin, B.}, booktitle = {Vortrag auf dem 52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs)}, keywords = {mi}, title = {Digitale Leseförderung: Effekte eines silbenbasierten digitalen Lesetrainings in Klasse 2}, year = 2022 }
• Bounding and Computing Obstacle Numbers of Graphs. Balko, Martin; Chaplick, Steven; Ganian, Robert; Gupta, Siddharth; Hoffmann, Michael; Valtr, Pavel; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 30th Europ. Symp. Algorithms (ESA’22), Bd. 244 von LIPIcs, S. Chechik, G. Navarro, E. Rotenberg, G. Herman (Hrsg.), S. 11:1–13. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{bcghvw-bcong-ESA22, author = {Balko, Martin and Chaplick, Steven and Ganian, Robert and Gupta, Siddharth and Hoffmann, Michael and Valtr, Pavel and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 30th Europ. Symp. Algorithms (ESA'22)}, editor = {Chechik, Shiri and Navarro, Gonzalo and Rotenberg, Eva and Herman, Grzegorz}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {11:1–13}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Bounding and Computing Obstacle Numbers of Graphs}, volume = 244, year = 2022 }
• De Bruijn Goes Neural: Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Time Series Data on Dynamic Graphs. Qarkaxhija, Lisi; Perri, Vincenzo; Scholtes, Ingo. In LoG, Bd. 198 von Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, B. Rieck, R. Pascanu (Hrsg.), S. 51. PMLR, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/log/QarkaxhijaPS22, author = {Qarkaxhija, Lisi and Perri, Vincenzo and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {LoG}, crossref = {conf/log/2022}, editor = {Rieck, Bastian and Pascanu, Razvan}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 51, publisher = {PMLR}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, title = {De Bruijn Goes Neural: Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Time Series Data on Dynamic Graphs.}, volume = 198, year = 2022 }
• Similarity-Based Link Prediction From Modular Compression of Network Flows. Blöcker, Christopher; Smiljanic, Jelena; Scholtes, Ingo; Rosvall, Martin. In LoG, Bd. 198 von Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, B. Rieck, R. Pascanu (Hrsg.), S. 52. PMLR, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/log/BlockerSSR22, author = {Blöcker, Christopher and Smiljanic, Jelena and Scholtes, Ingo and Rosvall, Martin}, booktitle = {LoG}, crossref = {conf/log/2022}, editor = {Rieck, Bastian and Pascanu, Razvan}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 52, publisher = {PMLR}, series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research}, title = {Similarity-Based Link Prediction From Modular Compression of Network Flows.}, volume = 198, year = 2022 }
• A video based benchmark data set (ENDOTEST) to evaluate computer-aided polyp detection systems. Fitting, Daniel; Krenzer, Adrian; Troya, Joel; Banck, Michael; Sudarevic, Boban; Brand, Markus; Böck, Wolfgang; Zoller, Wolfram G; Rösch, Thomas; Puppe, Frank; others. In Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 57(11), S. 1397–1403. Taylor & Francis, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{fitting2022video, author = {Fitting, Daniel and Krenzer, Adrian and Troya, Joel and Banck, Michael and Sudarevic, Boban and Brand, Markus and B{\"o}ck, Wolfgang and Zoller, Wolfram G and R{\"o}sch, Thomas and Puppe, Frank and others}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology}, keywords = {banck}, number = 11, pages = {1397–1403}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, title = {A video based benchmark data set (ENDOTEST) to evaluate computer-aided polyp detection systems}, volume = 57, year = 2022 }
• New concept for colonoscopy including side optics and artificial intelligence. Troya, Joel; Krenzer, Adrian; Flisikowski, Krzysztof; Sudarevic, Boban; Banck, Michael; Hann, Alexander; Puppe, Frank; Meining, Alexander. In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 95(4), S. 794–798. Elsevier, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{troya2022new, author = {Troya, Joel and Krenzer, Adrian and Flisikowski, Krzysztof and Sudarevic, Boban and Banck, Michael and Hann, Alexander and Puppe, Frank and Meining, Alexander}, journal = {Gastrointestinal Endoscopy}, keywords = {banck}, number = 4, pages = {794–798}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {New concept for colonoscopy including side optics and artificial intelligence}, volume = 95, year = 2022 }
• Do Different Deep Metric Learning Losses Lead to Similar Learned Features?. Kobs, Konstantin; Steininger, Michael; Dulny, Andrzej; Hotho, Andreas. In CoRR, abs/2205.02698. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2205-02698, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Steininger, Michael and Dulny, Andrzej and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = 2022, title = {Do Different Deep Metric Learning Losses Lead to Similar Learned Features?}, volume = {abs/2205.02698}, year = 2022 }
• Exploring Presence, Avatar Embodiment, and Body Perception with a Holographic Augmented Reality Mirror. Wolf, Erik; Fiedler, Marie Luisa; Döllinger, Nina; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), S. 350–359. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The embodiment of avatars in virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for enhancing the user's mental health. A great example is the treatment of body image disturbances, where eliciting a full-body illusion can help identify, visualize, and modulate persisting misperceptions. Augmented reality (AR) could complement recent advances in the field by incorporating real elements, such as the therapist or the user's real body, into therapeutic scenarios. However, research on the use of AR in this context is very sparse. Therefore, we present a holographic AR mirror system based on an optical see-through (OST) device and markerless body tracking, collect valuable qualitative feedback regarding its user experience, and compare quantitative results regarding presence, embodiment, and body weight perception to similar systems using video see-through (VST) AR and VR. For our OST AR system, a total of 27 normal-weight female participants provided predominantly positive feedback on display properties (field of view, luminosity, and transparency of virtual objects), body tracking, and the perception of the avatar’s appearance and movements. In the quantitative comparison to the VST AR and VR systems, participants reported significantly lower feelings of presence, while they estimated the body weight of the generic avatar significantly higher when using our OST AR system. For virtual body ownership and agency, we found only partially significant differences. In summary, our study shows the general applicability of OST AR in the given context offering huge potential in future therapeutic scenarios. However, the comparative evaluation between OST AR, VST AR, and VR also revealed significant differences in relevant measures. Future work is mandatory to corroborate our findings and to classify the significance in a therapeutic context.

  @inproceedings{wolf2022holographic, abstract = {The embodiment of avatars in virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for enhancing the user's mental health. A great example is the treatment of body image disturbances, where eliciting a full-body illusion can help identify, visualize, and modulate persisting misperceptions. Augmented reality (AR) could complement recent advances in the field by incorporating real elements, such as the therapist or the user's real body, into therapeutic scenarios. However, research on the use of AR in this context is very sparse. Therefore, we present a holographic AR mirror system based on an optical see-through (OST) device and markerless body tracking, collect valuable qualitative feedback regarding its user experience, and compare quantitative results regarding presence, embodiment, and body weight perception to similar systems using video see-through (VST) AR and VR. For our OST AR system, a total of 27 normal-weight female participants provided predominantly positive feedback on display properties (field of view, luminosity, and transparency of virtual objects), body tracking, and the perception of the avatar’s appearance and movements. In the quantitative comparison to the VST AR and VR systems, participants reported significantly lower feelings of presence, while they estimated the body weight of the generic avatar significantly higher when using our OST AR system. For virtual body ownership and agency, we found only partially significant differences. In summary, our study shows the general applicability of OST AR in the given context offering huge potential in future therapeutic scenarios. However, the comparative evaluation between OST AR, VST AR, and VR also revealed significant differences in relevant measures. Future work is mandatory to corroborate our findings and to classify the significance in a therapeutic context.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Fiedler, Marie Luisa and Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {mfiedler}, pages = {350-359}, title = {Exploring Presence, Avatar Embodiment, and Body Perception with a Holographic Augmented Reality Mirror}, year = 2022 }
• ICPE ’22: ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, Bejing, China, April 9 - 13, 2022. Feng, Dan; Becker, Steffen; Herbst, Nikolas; Leitner, Philipp. D. Feng; S. Becker; N. Herbst; P. Leitner (Hrsg.). ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @proceedings{DBLP:conf/wosp/2022, author = {Feng, Dan and Becker, Steffen and Herbst, Nikolas and Leitner, Philipp}, editor = {Feng, Dan and Becker, Steffen and Herbst, Nikolas and Leitner, Philipp}, keywords = {t_proceedings}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{ICPE} '22: {ACM/SPEC} International Conference on Performance Engineering, Bejing, China, April 9 - 13, 2022}, year = 2022 }
• A data-driven Sensor Model for LIDAR Range Measurements used for Mobile Robot Navigation. Spiess, Florian; Strobel, Norbert; Kaupp, Tobias; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the IEEE IRC 2022 Conference. 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{spiess2022datadriven, author = {Spiess, Florian and Strobel, Norbert and Kaupp, Tobias and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE IRC 2022 Conference}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, title = {A data-driven Sensor Model for LIDAR Range Measurements used for Mobile Robot Navigation}, year = 2022 }
• FADE: Towards Flexible and Adaptive Distance Estimation Considering Obstacles. Hadry, Marius; Lesch, Veronika; Kounev, Samuel. In Companion of the 13th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE 2022). ACM, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{hadry2022towards, author = {Hadry, Marius and Lesch, Veronika and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Companion of the 13th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE 2022)}, keywords = {cyber-physical_systems}, month = {04}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {FADE: Towards Flexible and Adaptive Distance Estimation Considering Obstacles}, year = 2022 }
• Don’t Touch This! - Investigating the Potential of Visualizing Touched Surfaces on the Consideration of Behavior Change. Ganal, E.; Heimbrock, M.; Schaper, P.; Lugrin, B. In Persuasive Technology 2022, N. Baghaei, J. Vassileva, R. Ali, K. Oyibo (Hrsg.). Springer International Publishing, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{ganal2022touch, author = {Ganal, E. and Heimbrock, M. and Schaper, P. and Lugrin, B.}, booktitle = {Persuasive Technology 2022}, editor = {Baghaei, N. and Vassileva, J. and Ali, R. and Oyibo, K.}, keywords = {reflectedreality}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Don’t Touch This! - Investigating the Potential of Visualizing Touched Surfaces on the Consideration of Behavior Change}, year = 2022 }
• Dataset: Who is Alyx? (GitHub Repository). Rack, Christian; Sieper, Fabian; Schach, Lukas; Yalcin, Murat; Latoschik, Marc E. 2022, April.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This dataset contains over 110 hours of motion, eye-tracking and physiological data from 71 players of the virtual reality game “Half-Life: Alyx”. Each player played the game on two separate days for about 45 minutes using a HTC Vive Pro.

  @dataset{who_is_alyx_2022, abstract = {This dataset contains over 110 hours of motion, eye-tracking and physiological data from 71 players of the virtual reality game “Half-Life: Alyx”. Each player played the game on two separate days for about 45 minutes using a HTC Vive Pro.}, author = {Rack, Christian and Sieper, Fabian and Schach, Lukas and Yalcin, Murat and Latoschik, Marc E.}, keywords = {VirtualReality}, month = {04}, title = {Dataset: Who is Alyx? (GitHub Repository)}, year = 2022 }
• Simulative Performance Study of Slotted Aloha for LoRaWAN Channel Access. Loh, Frank; Mehling, Noah; Geißler, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Future Internet of Things deployments generate a multitude of new challenges and opportunities. While 5G networks promise massive throughput rates with ultra low delays, many verticals in the areas of Industry 4.0, Smart City, or Smart Agriculture only transmit tiny amounts of data and instead demand high energy efficiency. This is addressed by access technologies like Low Power Wide Area Networks being com- plementary to high performance 5G networks. Especially Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) promises transmissions across long distances with low energy requirements with the drawback of unreliable transmission due to potential message collisions through random channel access. For that reason, a broad parameter study simulation for LoRaWAN channel access with slotted Aloha is presented for real world scenarios and influences like clock drifts or cross traffic. The key impact factors of this channel access approach are studied with focus on the collision probability in various scenarios and simulation results are compared to the current state of the art. The contribution of this work are guidelines for parameter settings in a LoRaWAN with slotted Aloha channel access and performance comparisons for different settings. This information is crucial to scale and operate future LoRaWANs.

  @inproceedings{info3-article-2022-13, abstract = {Future Internet of Things deployments generate a multitude of new challenges and opportunities. While 5G networks promise massive throughput rates with ultra low delays, many verticals in the areas of Industry 4.0, Smart City, or Smart Agriculture only transmit tiny amounts of data and instead demand high energy efficiency. This is addressed by access technologies like Low Power Wide Area Networks being com- plementary to high performance 5G networks. Especially Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) promises transmissions across long distances with low energy requirements with the drawback of unreliable transmission due to potential message collisions through random channel access. For that reason, a broad parameter study simulation for LoRaWAN channel access with slotted Aloha is presented for real world scenarios and influences like clock drifts or cross traffic. The key impact factors of this channel access approach are studied with focus on the collision probability in various scenarios and simulation results are compared to the current state of the art. The contribution of this work are guidelines for parameter settings in a LoRaWAN with slotted Aloha channel access and performance comparisons for different settings. This information is crucial to scale and operate future LoRaWANs.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {Simulative Performance Study of Slotted Aloha for LoRaWAN Channel Access}, year = 2022 }
• SPEC Efficiency Benchmark Development: How to Contribute to the Future of Energy Conservation. Meissner, Maximilian; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Arnold, Jeremy; Sharma, Sanjay; Tipley, Roger; Rawtani, Nishant; Reiner, David; Petrich, Mike; Cragin, Aaron. In Companion of the 2022 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  A driving force behind the improvement of server efficiency in recent years is the use of SPEC benchmarks. They are used in mandatory government regulations, the ISO/IEC 21836:2020 standard, and product marketing, giving server manufacturers and buyers significant incentive to improve energy efficiency. To produce relevant results, benchmarks need to take into account future trends in hardware and software development, such as the introduction of new accelerators and workloads. To keep pace with the development of the fast moving IT landscape, SPEC plans to introduce a workload bounty program to encourage researchers to develop novel workloads. Submitted workloads will be considered for inclusion in future SPEC Efficiency benchmarks and rewarded. In this paper, we outline the process of energy-efficiency benchmark development. SPEC ensures the development of high-quality benchmarks for government regulations through its extensive experience and collaboration with stakeholders from industry, academia, and governments. One of the tools that emerged from this process is the Chauffeur Worklet Development Kit (WDK), which can be used by researchers to develop next-generation workloads to enhance the real-world relevance of future SPEC benchmarks, a critical element for the benchmarks to contribute to future energy conservation.

  @inproceedings{meissner2022efficiency, abstract = {A driving force behind the improvement of server efficiency in recent years is the use of SPEC benchmarks. They are used in mandatory government regulations, the ISO/IEC 21836:2020 standard, and product marketing, giving server manufacturers and buyers significant incentive to improve energy efficiency. To produce relevant results, benchmarks need to take into account future trends in hardware and software development, such as the introduction of new accelerators and workloads. To keep pace with the development of the fast moving IT landscape, SPEC plans to introduce a workload bounty program to encourage researchers to develop novel workloads. Submitted workloads will be considered for inclusion in future SPEC Efficiency benchmarks and rewarded. In this paper, we outline the process of energy-efficiency benchmark development. SPEC ensures the development of high-quality benchmarks for government regulations through its extensive experience and collaboration with stakeholders from industry, academia, and governments. One of the tools that emerged from this process is the Chauffeur Worklet Development Kit (WDK), which can be used by researchers to develop next-generation workloads to enhance the real-world relevance of future SPEC benchmarks, a critical element for the benchmarks to contribute to future energy conservation.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Meissner, Maximilian and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Arnold, Jeremy and Sharma, Sanjay and Tipley, Roger and Rawtani, Nishant and Reiner, David and Petrich, Mike and Cragin, Aaron}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2022 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {spec}, month = {04}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {SPEC Efficiency Benchmark Development: How to Contribute to the Future of Energy Conservation}, year = 2022 }
• ML-based Performance Prediction of SDN using Simulated Data from Real and Synthetic Networks. Dietz, Katharina; Gray, Nicholas; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 33th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). Budapest, Hungary, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-2, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Gray, Nicholas and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {33th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {04}, title = {ML-based Performance Prediction of SDN using Simulated Data from Real and Synthetic Networks}, year = 2022 }
• Anonymized GTP Tunnel Trace in Mobile IoT. Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Krolikowski, Michael; Gebert, Steffen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. 2022, Februar.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Extensive dataset containing one whole month of create and delete events as well as the total, received, and transmitted volume of devices. We obtained data tunnel related events and volume values over 30 days in October 2021. In total the dataset contains a sample of 500000 unique devices that generate 155 million individual data tunnels.

  @misc{info3-misc-2022-1, abstract = {Extensive dataset containing one whole month of create and delete events as well as the total, received, and transmitted volume of devices. We obtained data tunnel related events and volume values over 30 days in October 2021. In total the dataset contains a sample of 500000 unique devices that generate 155 million individual data tunnels.}, author = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Krolikowski, Michael and Gebert, Steffen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, howpublished = {https://zenodo.org/record/6045708}, keywords = {can}, month = {02}, title = {Anonymized GTP Tunnel Trace in Mobile IoT}, year = 2022 }
• Breaking Plausibility Without Breaking Presence - Evidence For The Multi-Layer Nature Of Plausibility. Brübach, Larissa; Westermeier, Franziska; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 28(5), S. 2267–2276. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  A novel theoretical model recently introduced coherence and plausibility as the essential conditions of XR experiences, challenging contemporary presence-oriented concepts. This article reports on two experiments validating this model, which assumes coherence activation on three layers (cognition, perception, and sensation) as the potential sources leading to a condition of plausibility and from there to other XR qualia such as presence or body ownership. The experiments introduce and utilize breaks in plausibility (in analogy to breaks in presence): We induce incoherence on the perceptual and the cognitive layer simultaneously by a simulation of object behaviors that do not conform to the laws of physics, i.e., gravity. We show that this manipulation breaks plausibility and hence confirm that it results in the desired effects in the theorized condition space but that the breaks in plausibility did not affect presence. In addition, we show that a cognitive manipulation by a storyline framing is too weak to successfully counteract the strong bottom-up inconsistencies. Both results are in line with the predictions of the recently introduced three-layer model of coherence and plausibility, which incorporates well-known top-down and bottom-up rivalries and its theorized increased independence between plausibility and presence.

  @article{9714117, abstract = {A novel theoretical model recently introduced coherence and plausibility as the essential conditions of XR experiences, challenging contemporary presence-oriented concepts. This article reports on two experiments validating this model, which assumes coherence activation on three layers (cognition, perception, and sensation) as the potential sources leading to a condition of plausibility and from there to other XR qualia such as presence or body ownership. The experiments introduce and utilize breaks in plausibility (in analogy to breaks in presence): We induce incoherence on the perceptual and the cognitive layer simultaneously by a simulation of object behaviors that do not conform to the laws of physics, i.e., gravity. We show that this manipulation breaks plausibility and hence confirm that it results in the desired effects in the theorized condition space but that the breaks in plausibility did not affect presence. In addition, we show that a cognitive manipulation by a storyline framing is too weak to successfully counteract the strong bottom-up inconsistencies. Both results are in line with the predictions of the recently introduced three-layer model of coherence and plausibility, which incorporates well-known top-down and bottom-up rivalries and its theorized increased independence between plausibility and presence.}, author = {Brübach, Larissa and Westermeier, Franziska and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, keywords = {xrhub}, month = {02}, note = {IEEE VR Best Journal Paper Nominee 🏆}, number = 5, pages = {2267-2276}, title = {Breaking Plausibility Without Breaking Presence - Evidence For The Multi-Layer Nature Of Plausibility}, volume = 28, year = 2022 }
• Towards LoRaWAN without Data Loss: Studying the Performance of Different Channel Access Approaches. Loh, Frank; Mehling, Noah; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Sensors. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the fastest growing Internet of Things (IoT) access protocols. It operates in the license free 868 MHz band and gives everyone the possibility to create their own small sensor networks. The drawback of this technology is often unscheduled or random channel access, which leads to message collisions and potential data loss. For that reason, recent literature studies alternative approaches for LoRaWAN channel access. In this work, state-of-the-art random channel access is compared with alternative approaches from the litera- ture by means of collision probability. Furthermore, a time scheduled channel access methodology is presented to completely avoid collisions in LoRaWAN. For this approach, an exhaustive simulation study was conducted and the performance was evaluated with random access cross-traffic. In a general theoretical analysis the limits of the time scheduled approach are discussed to comply with duty cycle regulations in LoRaWAN.

  @article{info3-inproceedings-2022-3, abstract = {The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the fastest growing Internet of Things (IoT) access protocols. It operates in the license free 868 MHz band and gives everyone the possibility to create their own small sensor networks. The drawback of this technology is often unscheduled or random channel access, which leads to message collisions and potential data loss. For that reason, recent literature studies alternative approaches for LoRaWAN channel access. In this work, state-of-the-art random channel access is compared with alternative approaches from the litera- ture by means of collision probability. Furthermore, a time scheduled channel access methodology is presented to completely avoid collisions in LoRaWAN. For this approach, an exhaustive simulation study was conducted and the performance was evaluated with random access cross-traffic. In a general theoretical analysis the limits of the time scheduled approach are discussed to comply with duty cycle regulations in LoRaWAN.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = {5mart}, month = {01}, title = {Towards LoRaWAN without Data Loss: Studying the Performance of Different Channel Access Approaches}, year = 2022 }
• IT-Supported Request Management for Clinical Radiology: Contextual Design and Remote Prototype Testing. Krop, Philipp; Straka, Samantha; Ullrich, Melanie; Ertl, Maximilian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, von CHI EA ’22, S. 1–8. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Management of radiology requests in larger clinical contexts is characterized by a complex and distributed workflow. In our partner hospital, representing many similar clinics, these processes often still rely on exchanging physical papers and forms, making patient or case data challenging to access. This often leads to phone calls with long waiting queues, which are time-inefficient and result in frequent interrupts. We report on a user-centered design approach based on Rapid Contextual Design with an additional focus group to optimize and iteratively develop a new workflow. Participants found our prototypes fast and intuitive, the design clean and consistent, relevant information easy to access, and the request process fast and easy. Due to the COVID pandemic, we switched to remote prototype testing, which yielded equally good feedback and increased the participation rate. In the end, we propose best practices for remote prototype testing in hospitals with complex and distributed workflows.

  @inproceedings{krop2022a, abstract = {Management of radiology requests in larger clinical contexts is characterized by a complex and distributed workflow. In our partner hospital, representing many similar clinics, these processes often still rely on exchanging physical papers and forms, making patient or case data challenging to access. This often leads to phone calls with long waiting queues, which are time-inefficient and result in frequent interrupts. We report on a user-centered design approach based on Rapid Contextual Design with an additional focus group to optimize and iteratively develop a new workflow. Participants found our prototypes fast and intuitive, the design clean and consistent, relevant information easy to access, and the request process fast and easy. Due to the COVID pandemic, we switched to remote prototype testing, which yielded equally good feedback and increased the participation rate. In the end, we propose best practices for remote prototype testing in hospitals with complex and distributed workflows.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Krop, Philipp and Straka, Samantha and Ullrich, Melanie and Ertl, Maximilian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts}, keywords = {latoschik}, month = {04}, number = 45, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '22}, title = {IT-Supported Request Management for Clinical Radiology: Contextual Design and Remote Prototype Testing}, year = 2022 }
• Towards a Cryptography Benchmark: A View on Attribute Based Encryption Schemes. Prantl, Thomas; Zeck, Timo; Iffländer, Lukas; Beierlieb, Lukas; Dmitrenko, Alexandra; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In 2022 5th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT). IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrZeIfBeDmKrKo2022-CIoT-ABEBenchmark, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Zeck, Timo and Iffländer, Lukas and Beierlieb, Lukas and Dmitrenko, Alexandra and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2022 5th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)}, keywords = {descartes}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Towards a Cryptography Benchmark: A View on Attribute Based Encryption Schemes}, year = 2022 }
• Second Language Learning through Storytelling with a Social Robot-An Online Case Study. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Guthmann, Emily; Pfister, Julia; Schmitt, Katharina; Wild, Theresa; Lugrin, Birgit. In 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), S. 67–74. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2022second, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Guthmann, Emily and Pfister, Julia and Schmitt, Katharina and Wild, Theresa and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {67-74}, title = {Second Language Learning through Storytelling with a Social Robot-An Online Case Study}, year = 2022 }
• Investigating Adaptive Robot Tutoring in a Long-Term Interaction in Higher Education. Donnermann, Melissa; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2022), S. 171–178. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{donnermann2022investigating, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2022)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {171-178}, title = {Investigating Adaptive Robot Tutoring in a Long-Term Interaction in Higher Education}, year = 2022 }
• Semi-unsupervised Learning for Time Series Classification. Davidson, Padraig; Steininger, Michael; Huhn, André; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Milets@KDD. arXiv, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Time series are ubiquitous and therefore inherently hard to analyze and ultimately to label or cluster. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its smart devices, data is collected in large amounts any given second. The collected data is rich in information, as one can detect accidents (e.g. cars) in real time, or assess injury/sickness over a given time span (e.g. health devices). Due to its chaotic nature and massive amounts of datapoints, timeseries are hard to label manually. Furthermore new classes within the data could emerge over time (contrary to e.g. handwritten digits), which would require relabeling the data. In this paper we present SuSL4TS, a deep generative Gaussian mixture model for semi-unsupervised learning, to classify time series data. With our approach we can alleviate manual labeling steps, since we can detect sparsely labeled classes (semi-supervised) and identify emerging classes hidden in the data (unsupervised). We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach with established time series classification datasets from different domains.

  @article{davidson2022semiunsupervised, abstract = {Time series are ubiquitous and therefore inherently hard to analyze and ultimately to label or cluster. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its smart devices, data is collected in large amounts any given second. The collected data is rich in information, as one can detect accidents (e.g. cars) in real time, or assess injury/sickness over a given time span (e.g. health devices). Due to its chaotic nature and massive amounts of datapoints, timeseries are hard to label manually. Furthermore new classes within the data could emerge over time (contrary to e.g. handwritten digits), which would require relabeling the data. In this paper we present SuSL4TS, a deep generative Gaussian mixture model for semi-unsupervised learning, to classify time series data. With our approach we can alleviate manual labeling steps, since we can detect sparsely labeled classes (semi-supervised) and identify emerging classes hidden in the data (unsupervised). We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach with established time series classification datasets from different domains.}, author = {Davidson, Padraig and Steininger, Michael and Huhn, André and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Milets@KDD}, keywords = {from:pdavidson}, publisher = {arXiv}, title = {Semi-unsupervised Learning for Time Series Classification}, year = 2022 }
• Artificial Intelligence-Based Early Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery. Kalisnik, Jurij Matija; Bauer, André; Vogt, Ferdinand Aurel; Stickl, Franziska Josephine; Zibert, Janez; Fittkau, Matthias; Bertsch, Thomas; Kounev, Samuel; Fischlein, Theodor. In European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Objectives: This study aims to improve early detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury using artificial intelligence-based algorithms. Methods: Data from consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2008 and 2018 in our institution served as the source for artificial intelligence-based modeling. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Different machine learning algorithms were trained and validated to detect cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours after surgery. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative cardiac status, intra- and postoperative variables including creatinine and hemoglobin values were retrieved for analysis. Results: From 7507 patients analyzed, 1699 patients (22.6 %) developed cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The ultimate detection model, 'Detect-A(K)I', recognizes cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours with an area under the curve of 88.0 %, sensitivity of 78.0 %, specificity of 78.9 %, and accuracy of 82.1 %. The optimal parameter set includes serial changes of creatinine and hemoglobin, operative emergency, bleeding-associated variables, cardiac ischemic time and cardiac function-associated variables, age, diuretics and active infection, chronic obstructive lung and peripheral vascular disease. Conclusion: The 'Detect-A(K)I' model successfully detects cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours after surgery with the best discriminatory characteristics reported so far.

  @article{kalisnik2022artificial, abstract = {Objectives: This study aims to improve early detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury using artificial intelligence-based algorithms. Methods: Data from consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 2008 and 2018 in our institution served as the source for artificial intelligence-based modeling. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Different machine learning algorithms were trained and validated to detect cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours after surgery. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative cardiac status, intra- and postoperative variables including creatinine and hemoglobin values were retrieved for analysis. Results: From 7507 patients analyzed, 1699 patients (22.6 %) developed cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The ultimate detection model, 'Detect-A(K)I', recognizes cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours with an area under the curve of 88.0 %, sensitivity of 78.0 %, specificity of 78.9 %, and accuracy of 82.1 %. The optimal parameter set includes serial changes of creatinine and hemoglobin, operative emergency, bleeding-associated variables, cardiac ischemic time and cardiac function-associated variables, age, diuretics and active infection, chronic obstructive lung and peripheral vascular disease. Conclusion: The 'Detect-A(K)I' model successfully detects cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury within 12 hours after surgery with the best discriminatory characteristics reported so far.}, author = {Kalisnik, Jurij Matija and Bauer, Andr{é} and Vogt, Ferdinand Aurel and Stickl, Franziska Josephine and Zibert, Janez and Fittkau, Matthias and Bertsch, Thomas and Kounev, Samuel and Fischlein, Theodor}, journal = {European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {Joint first authorship; To be published soon}, title = {Artificial Intelligence-Based Early Detection Of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery}, year = 2022 }
• Addressing Waste Separation With a Persuasive Augmented Reality App. Schaper, Philipp; Riedmann, Anna; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{schaper2022addressing, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Riedmann, Anna and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI '22)}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Addressing Waste Separation With a Persuasive Augmented Reality App}, year = 2022 }
• Data Usage in IoT: A Characterization of GTP Tunnels in M2M Mobile Networks. Raffeck, Simon; Geißler, Stefan; Krolikowski, Michael; Gebert, Steffen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2nd IFIP/IEEE International workshop on Fully-Flexible Internet Architectures and Protocols for the Next-Generation Tactile Internet (FlexNGIA). 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  IoT and M2M devices have seen a significant growth in usage and deployment over the last years. Gaining insight into device and data usage behavior exhibited by the participants of mobile networks is elementary for MNO and MVNO to scale their networks and provide a reliable service. This work aims to make use of its first of a kind dataset, spanning multiple countries and MNO, to provide a detailed characterization of GTP tunnels and devices. To this end, general statistics are used to describe the observed data traffic focusing on the distribution of the tunnel duration and volume as well as periodic device behavior. An approximate metric is introduced to analyze the periodicity and synchronicity of IoT devices. Lastly, we publish the data investigated in this work and provide a large scale dataset on the data usage behavior of IoT devices to interested researchers.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2022-5, abstract = {IoT and M2M devices have seen a significant growth in usage and deployment over the last years. Gaining insight into device and data usage behavior exhibited by the participants of mobile networks is elementary for MNO and MVNO to scale their networks and provide a reliable service. This work aims to make use of its first of a kind dataset, spanning multiple countries and MNO, to provide a detailed characterization of GTP tunnels and devices. To this end, general statistics are used to describe the observed data traffic focusing on the distribution of the tunnel duration and volume as well as periodic device behavior. An approximate metric is introduced to analyze the periodicity and synchronicity of IoT devices. Lastly, we publish the data investigated in this work and provide a large scale dataset on the data usage behavior of IoT devices to interested researchers.}, author = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Krolikowski, Michael and Gebert, Steffen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2nd IFIP/IEEE International workshop on Fully-Flexible Internet Architectures and Protocols for the Next-Generation Tactile Internet (FlexNGIA)}, keywords = {can}, month = {04}, title = {Data Usage in IoT: A Characterization of GTP Tunnels in M2M Mobile Networks}, year = 2022 }
• Effects of Colored LEDs in Robotic Storytelling on Storytelling Experience and Robot Perception. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Lugrin, Birgit. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI2022). IEEE Press, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{steinhaeusser2022effects, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI2022)}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, publisher = {IEEE Press}, title = {Effects of Colored LEDs in Robotic Storytelling on Storytelling Experience and Robot Perception}, year = 2022 }
• Same, Same, but Dissimilar: Exploring Measurements for Workload Time-Series Similarity. Leznik, Mark; Grohmann, Johannes; Kliche, Nina; Bauer, André; Seybold, Daniel; Eismann, Simon; Kounev, Samuel; Domaschka, Jörg. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering, von ICPE ’22, S. 89–96. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Benchmarking is a core element in the toolbox of most systems researchers and is used for analyzing, comparing, and validating complex systems. In the quest for reliable benchmark results, a consensus has formed that a significant experiment must be based on multiple runs. To interpret these runs, mean and standard deviation are often used. In case of experiments where each run produces a time series, applying and comparing the mean is not easily applicable and not necessarily statistically sound. Such an approach ignores the possibility of significant differences between runs with a similar average. In order to verify this hypothesis, we conducted a survey of 1,112 publications of selected performance engineering and systems conferences canvassing open data sets from performance experiments. The identified 3 data sets purely rely on average and standard deviation. Therefore, we propose a novel analysis approach based on similarity analysis to enhance the reliability of performance evaluations. Our approach evaluates 12 (dis-)similarity measures with respect to their applicability in analysing performance measurements and identifies four suitable similarity measures. We validate our approach by demonstrating the increase in reliability for the data sets found in the survey.

  @inproceedings{leznik2022dissimilar, abstract = {Benchmarking is a core element in the toolbox of most systems researchers and is used for analyzing, comparing, and validating complex systems. In the quest for reliable benchmark results, a consensus has formed that a significant experiment must be based on multiple runs. To interpret these runs, mean and standard deviation are often used. In case of experiments where each run produces a time series, applying and comparing the mean is not easily applicable and not necessarily statistically sound. Such an approach ignores the possibility of significant differences between runs with a similar average. In order to verify this hypothesis, we conducted a survey of 1,112 publications of selected performance engineering and systems conferences canvassing open data sets from performance experiments. The identified 3 data sets purely rely on average and standard deviation. Therefore, we propose a novel analysis approach based on similarity analysis to enhance the reliability of performance evaluations. Our approach evaluates 12 (dis-)similarity measures with respect to their applicability in analysing performance measurements and identifies four suitable similarity measures. We validate our approach by demonstrating the increase in reliability for the data sets found in the survey.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Leznik, Mark and Grohmann, Johannes and Kliche, Nina and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Seybold, Daniel and Eismann, Simon and Kounev, Samuel and Domaschka, J\"{o}rg}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SPEC on International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {analysis}, pages = {89–96}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {ICPE '22}, title = {Same, Same, but Dissimilar: Exploring Measurements for Workload Time-Series Similarity}, year = 2022 }
• A Survey on Secure Group Communication Schemes with Focus on IoT Communication. Prantl, Thomas; Zeck, Timo; Bauer, André; Ten, Peter; Prantl, Dominik; Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine; Iffländer, Lukas; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In IEEE Access. IEEE, 2022.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{PrZeBaTePrYaIfDmKrKo_IEEEAccess_SGCSurvey, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Zeck, Timo and Bauer, André and Ten, Peter and Prantl, Dominik and Ben Yahya, Ala Eddine and Iffländer, Lukas and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {IEEE Access}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {A Survey on Secure Group Communication Schemes with Focus on IoT Communication}, year = 2022 }
• A literature review on optimization techniques for adaptation planning in adaptive systems: State of the art and research directions. Henrichs, Elia; Lesch, Veronika; Straesser, Martin; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In Information and Software Technology, 149, S. 106940. 2022.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Context: Recent developments in modern IT systems including internet of things, edge/fog computing, or cyber–physical systems support intelligent and seamless interaction between users and systems. This requires a reaction to changes in their environment or the system. Adaptive systems provide mechanisms for these reactions. Objective: To implement this functionality, several approaches for the planning of adaptations exist that rely on rules, utility functions, or advanced techniques, such as machine learning. As the adaptation space with possible options is often extensively huge, optimization techniques might support efficient determination of the adaptation space and identify the system’s optimal configuration. With this paper, we provide a systematic review of adaptation planning as the optimization target. Method: In this paper, we review which optimization techniques are applied for adaptation planning in adaptive systems using a systematic literature review approach. Results: We reviewed 115 paper in detail out of an initial search set of 9,588 papers. Our analysis reveals that learning techniques and genetic algorithms are by far dominant; in total, heuristics (anytime learning) are more frequently applied as exact algorithms. We observed that around 57% of the approaches target multi-objectiveness and around 30% integrate distributed optimization. As last dimension, we focused on situation-awareness, which is only supported by two approaches. Conclusion: In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of approaches that rely on optimization techniques for planning adaptations in adaptive systems and further derive open research challenges, in particular regarding the integration of distributed optimization and situation-awareness.

  @article{HENRICHS2022106940, abstract = {Context: Recent developments in modern IT systems including internet of things, edge/fog computing, or cyber–physical systems support intelligent and seamless interaction between users and systems. This requires a reaction to changes in their environment or the system. Adaptive systems provide mechanisms for these reactions. Objective: To implement this functionality, several approaches for the planning of adaptations exist that rely on rules, utility functions, or advanced techniques, such as machine learning. As the adaptation space with possible options is often extensively huge, optimization techniques might support efficient determination of the adaptation space and identify the system’s optimal configuration. With this paper, we provide a systematic review of adaptation planning as the optimization target. Method: In this paper, we review which optimization techniques are applied for adaptation planning in adaptive systems using a systematic literature review approach. Results: We reviewed 115 paper in detail out of an initial search set of 9,588 papers. Our analysis reveals that learning techniques and genetic algorithms are by far dominant; in total, heuristics (anytime learning) are more frequently applied as exact algorithms. We observed that around 57% of the approaches target multi-objectiveness and around 30% integrate distributed optimization. As last dimension, we focused on situation-awareness, which is only supported by two approaches. Conclusion: In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of approaches that rely on optimization techniques for planning adaptations in adaptive systems and further derive open research challenges, in particular regarding the integration of distributed optimization and situation-awareness.}, author = {Henrichs, Elia and Lesch, Veronika and Straesser, Martin and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, journal = {Information and Software Technology}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = 106940, title = {A literature review on optimization techniques for adaptation planning in adaptive systems: State of the art and research directions}, volume = 149, year = 2022 }

• Playing with Dynamic Systems - Battling Swarms in Virtual Reality. Büttner, Johannes; Merz, Christian; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Applications of Evolutionary Computation, P. A. Castillo, J. L. Jiménez Laredo (Hrsg.), S. 309–324. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
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  In this paper, we present a serious game with the goal to provide an engaging and immersive experience to foster the players' understanding of dynamic networked systems. Confronted with attacking swarm networks, the player has to analyse their underlying network topologies and to systematically dismantle the swarms using a set of different weapons. We detail the game design, including the artificial intelligence of the swarm, the play mechanics and the level designs. Finally, we conducted an analysis of the play performances of a test group over the course of the game which revealed a positive learning outcome.

  @inproceedings{Buttner:2021ab, abstract = {In this paper, we present a serious game with the goal to provide an engaging and immersive experience to foster the players' understanding of dynamic networked systems. Confronted with attacking swarm networks, the player has to analyse their underlying network topologies and to systematically dismantle the swarms using a set of different weapons. We detail the game design, including the artificial intelligence of the swarm, the play mechanics and the level designs. Finally, we conducted an analysis of the play performances of a test group over the course of the game which revealed a positive learning outcome.}, address = {Cham}, author = {B{\"u}ttner, Johannes and Merz, Christian and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Applications of Evolutionary Computation}, editor = {Castillo, Pedro A. and Jim{\'e}nez Laredo, Juan Luis}, keywords = {merz}, pages = {309–324}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Playing with Dynamic Systems - Battling Swarms in Virtual Reality}, year = 2021 }
• Mutual Benefits: Interdisciplinary Education of Pre-Service Teachers and HCI Students in VR/AR Learning Environment Design. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Birnstiel, Sandra; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Grafe, Silke. In Frontiers in Education, 6, S. 233. 2021.
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  The successful development and classroom integration of Virtual (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) learning environments requires competencies and content knowledge with respect to media didactics and the respective technologies. The paper discusses a pedagogical concept specifically aiming at the interdisciplinary education of pre-service teachers in collaboration with human-computer interaction students. The students’ overarching goal is the interdisciplinary realization and integration of VR/AR learning environments in teaching and learning concepts. To assist this approach, we developed a specific tutorial guiding the developmental process. We evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the overall pedagogical concept by analyzing the change in attitudes regarding 1) the use of VR/AR for educational purposes and in competencies and content knowledge regarding 2) media didactics and 3) technology. Our results indicate a significant improvement in the knowledge of media didactics and technology. We further report on four STEM learning environments that have been developed during the seminar.

  @article{oberdorfer2021mutual, abstract = {The successful development and classroom integration of Virtual (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) learning environments requires competencies and content knowledge with respect to media didactics and the respective technologies. The paper discusses a pedagogical concept specifically aiming at the interdisciplinary education of pre-service teachers in collaboration with human-computer interaction students. The students’ overarching goal is the interdisciplinary realization and integration of VR/AR learning environments in teaching and learning concepts. To assist this approach, we developed a specific tutorial guiding the developmental process. We evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the overall pedagogical concept by analyzing the change in attitudes regarding 1) the use of VR/AR for educational purposes and in competencies and content knowledge regarding 2) media didactics and 3) technology. Our results indicate a significant improvement in the knowledge of media didactics and technology. We further report on four STEM learning environments that have been developed during the seminar.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Birnstiel, Sandra and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Grafe, Silke}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, keywords = {varyfast}, pages = 233, title = {Mutual Benefits: Interdisciplinary Education of Pre-Service Teachers and HCI Students in VR/AR Learning Environment Design}, volume = 6, year = 2021 }
• A Swarm Grammar-Based Approach to Virtual World Generation. Raies, Yasin; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, J. Romero, T. Martins, N. Rodr’i}guez-Fernández (Hrsg.), S. 459–474. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
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  In this work we formulate and propose an extended version of the multi-agent Swarm Grammar (SG) model for the generation of virtual worlds. It unfolds a comparatively small database into a complex world featuring terrain, vegetation and bodies of water. This approach allows for adaptivity of generated assets to their environment, unbounded worlds and interactivity in their generation. In order to evaluate the model, we conducted sensitivity analyses at a local interaction scale. In addition, at a global scale, we investigated two virtual environments, discussing notable interactions, recurring configuration patterns, and obstacles in working with SGs. These analyses showed that SGs can create visually interesting virtual worlds, but require further work in ease of use. Lastly we identified which future extensions might shrink required database sizes.

  @inproceedings{Raies:2021aa, abstract = {In this work we formulate and propose an extended version of the multi-agent Swarm Grammar (SG) model for the generation of virtual worlds. It unfolds a comparatively small database into a complex world featuring terrain, vegetation and bodies of water. This approach allows for adaptivity of generated assets to their environment, unbounded worlds and interactivity in their generation. In order to evaluate the model, we conducted sensitivity analyses at a local interaction scale. In addition, at a global scale, we investigated two virtual environments, discussing notable interactions, recurring configuration patterns, and obstacles in working with SGs. These analyses showed that SGs can create visually interesting virtual worlds, but require further work in ease of use. Lastly we identified which future extensions might shrink required database sizes.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Raies, Yasin and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design}, editor = {Romero, Juan and Martins, Tiago and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Fern{\'a}ndez, Nereida}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {459–474}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {A Swarm Grammar-Based Approach to Virtual World Generation}, year = 2021 }
• Non-native speaker perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in two languages: the impact of amount and type of grammatical mistakes. Obremski, David; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces. 2021.
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  Having a mixed-cultural membership becomes increasingly common in our modern society. It is thus beneficial in several ways to create Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) that reflect a mixed-cultural background as well, e.g., for educational settings. For research with such IVAs, it is essential that they are classified as non-native by members of a target culture. In this paper, we focus on variations of IVAs' speech to create the impression of non-native speakers that are identified as such by speakers of two different mother tongues. In particular, we investigate grammatical mistakes and identify thresholds beyond which the agents is clearly categorised as a non-native speaker. Therefore, we conducted two experiments: one for native speakers of German, and one for native speakers of English. Results of the German study indicate that beyond 10% of word order mistakes and 25% of infinitive mistakes German-speaking IVAs are perceived as non-native speakers. Results of the English study indicate that beyond 50% of omission mistakes and 50% of infinitive mistakes English-speaking IVAs are perceived as non-native speakers. We believe these thresholds constitute helpful guidelines for computational approaches of non-native speaker generation, simplifying research with IVAs in mixed-cultural settings.

  @article{Obremski2021, abstract = {Having a mixed-cultural membership becomes increasingly common in our modern society. It is thus beneficial in several ways to create Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) that reflect a mixed-cultural background as well, e.g., for educational settings. For research with such IVAs, it is essential that they are classified as non-native by members of a target culture. In this paper, we focus on variations of IVAs' speech to create the impression of non-native speakers that are identified as such by speakers of two different mother tongues. In particular, we investigate grammatical mistakes and identify thresholds beyond which the agents is clearly categorised as a non-native speaker. Therefore, we conducted two experiments: one for native speakers of German, and one for native speakers of English. Results of the German study indicate that beyond 10{\%} of word order mistakes and 25{\%} of infinitive mistakes German-speaking IVAs are perceived as non-native speakers. Results of the English study indicate that beyond 50{\%} of omission mistakes and 50{\%} of infinitive mistakes English-speaking IVAs are perceived as non-native speakers. We believe these thresholds constitute helpful guidelines for computational approaches of non-native speaker generation, simplifying research with IVAs in mixed-cultural settings.}, author = {Obremski, David and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces}, keywords = {mi}, title = {Non-native speaker perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents in two languages: the impact of amount and type of grammatical mistakes}, year = 2021 }
• Self-Avatars in Virtual Reality: A Study Protocol for Investigating the Impact of the Deliberateness of Choice and the Context-Match. Bartl, Andrea; Jung, Sungchul; Kullmann, Peter; Wenninger, Stephan; Achenbach, Jascha; Wolf, Erik; Schell, Christian; Lindeman, Robert W.; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), S. 565–566. 2021.
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  The illusion of virtual body ownership (VBO) plays a critical role in virtual reality (VR). VR applications provide a broad design space which includes contextual aspects of the virtual surroundings as well as user-driven deliberate choices of their appearance in VR potentially influencing VBO and other well-known effects of VR. We propose a protocol for an experiment to investigate the influence of deliberateness and context-match on VBO and presence. In a first study, we found significant interactions with the environment. Based on our results we derive recommendations for future experiments.

  @inproceedings{bartl2021selfavatars, abstract = {The illusion of virtual body ownership (VBO) plays a critical role in virtual reality (VR). VR applications provide a broad design space which includes contextual aspects of the virtual surroundings as well as user-driven deliberate choices of their appearance in VR potentially influencing VBO and other well-known effects of VR. We propose a protocol for an experiment to investigate the influence of deliberateness and context-match on VBO and presence. In a first study, we found significant interactions with the environment. Based on our results we derive recommendations for future experiments.}, author = {Bartl, Andrea and Jung, Sungchul and Kullmann, Peter and Wenninger, Stephan and Achenbach, Jascha and Wolf, Erik and Schell, Christian and Lindeman, Robert W. and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)}, keywords = {vitras}, pages = {565-566}, title = {Self-Avatars in Virtual Reality: A Study Protocol for Investigating the Impact of the Deliberateness of Choice and the Context-Match}, year = 2021 }
• Stigmergic, Diegetic Guidance of Swarm Construction. Truman, Samuel; Seitz, Jakob; von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C), S. 226–231. 2021.
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  @inproceedings{Truman:2021ab, author = {Truman, Samuel and Seitz, Jakob and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems Companion (ACSOS-C)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {226-231}, title = {Stigmergic, Diegetic Guidance of Swarm Construction}, year = 2021 }
• Tracking rower motion without on-body sensors using an instrumented machine and an artificial neural network. BenSiSaid, Karim; Ababou, Noureddine; Ababou, Amina; Roth, Daniel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England, 2021.
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  @article{BenSiSaid:2021aa, author = {BenSiSaid, Karim and Ababou, Noureddine and Ababou, Amina and Roth, Daniel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}, title = {Tracking rower motion without on-body sensors using an instrumented machine and an artificial neural network}, year = 2021 }
• Behavioral Framework of Immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT): How and Why Virtual Reality can Support Behavioral Change Processes. Wienrich, Carolin; Döllinger, Nina Ines; Hein, Rebecca. In Frontiers Virtual Reality, 2, S. 84. 2021.
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  The design and evaluation of assisting technologies to support behavior change processes have become an essential topic within the field of human-computer interaction research in general and the field of immersive intervention technologies in particular. The mechanisms and success of behavior change techniques and interventions are broadly investigated in the field of psychology. However, it is not always easy to adapt these psychological findings to the context of immersive technologies. The lack of theoretical foundation also leads to a lack of explanation as to why and how immersive interventions support behavior change processes. The Behavioral Framework for immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT) addresses this lack by 1) presenting an intelligible categorization and condensation of psychological barriers and immersive features, by 2) suggesting a mapping that shows why and how immersive technologies can help to overcome barriers and finally by 3) proposing a generic prediction path that enables a structured, theory-based approach to the development and evaluation of immersive interventions. These three steps explain how BehaveFIT can be used, and include guiding questions for each step. Further, two use cases illustrate the usage of BehaveFIT. Thus, the present paper contributes to guidance for immersive intervention design and evaluation, showing that immersive interventions support behavior change processes and explain and predict 'why' and 'how' immersive interventions can bridge the intention-behavior-gap.

  @article{wienrich2020mind, abstract = {The design and evaluation of assisting technologies to support behavior change processes have become an essential topic within the field of human-computer interaction research in general and the field of immersive intervention technologies in particular. The mechanisms and success of behavior change techniques and interventions are broadly investigated in the field of psychology. However, it is not always easy to adapt these psychological findings to the context of immersive technologies. The lack of theoretical foundation also leads to a lack of explanation as to why and how immersive interventions support behavior change processes. The Behavioral Framework for immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT) addresses this lack by 1) presenting an intelligible categorization and condensation of psychological barriers and immersive features, by 2) suggesting a mapping that shows why and how immersive technologies can help to overcome barriers and finally by 3) proposing a generic prediction path that enables a structured, theory-based approach to the development and evaluation of immersive interventions. These three steps explain how BehaveFIT can be used, and include guiding questions for each step. Further, two use cases illustrate the usage of BehaveFIT. Thus, the present paper contributes to guidance for immersive intervention design and evaluation, showing that immersive interventions support behavior change processes and explain and predict 'why' and 'how' immersive interventions can bridge the intention-behavior-gap.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and D{\"o}llinger, Nina Ines and Hein, Rebecca}, journal = {Frontiers Virtual Reality}, keywords = {rebecca.hein}, pages = 84, title = {Behavioral Framework of Immersive Technologies (BehaveFIT): How and Why Virtual Reality can Support Behavioral Change Processes}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• PaCo: Fast Counting of Causal Paths in Temporal Network Data. Petrovic, Luka V.; Scholtes, Ingo. In WWW (Companion Volume), J. Leskovec, M. Grobelnik, M. Najork, J. Tang, L. Zia (Hrsg.), S. 521–526. ACM / IW3C2, 2021.
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  @inproceedings{conf/www/PetrovicS21, author = {Petrovic, Luka V. and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {WWW (Companion Volume)}, crossref = {conf/www/2021c}, editor = {Leskovec, Jure and Grobelnik, Marko and Najork, Marc and Tang, Jie and Zia, Leila}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {521-526}, publisher = {ACM / IW3C2}, title = {PaCo: Fast Counting of Causal Paths in Temporal Network Data.}, year = 2021 }
• Extending Partial Representations of Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations. Chaplick, Steven; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Rutter, Ignaz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 12th International Conference on Algorithms and Complexity (CIAC’21), Bd. 12701 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, T. Calamoneri, F. Coró (Hrsg.), S. 340–353. Springer-Verlag, 2021.
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  @inproceedings{ckkrw-eprrd-CIAC21, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Rutter, Ignaz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 12th International Conference on Algorithms and Complexity (CIAC'21)}, editor = {Calamoneri, Tiziana and Coró, Federico}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {340–353}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Extending Partial Representations of Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations}, volume = 12701, year = 2021 }
• Angle Covers: Algorithms and Complexity. Evans, William; Gethner, Ellen; Spalding-Jamieson, Jack; Wolff, Alexander. In Journal of Graph Algorithms & Applications, 25(2), S. 643–661. 2021.
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  @article{egsw-acac-JGAA21, author = {Evans, William and Gethner, Ellen and Spalding-Jamieson, Jack and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Journal of Graph Algorithms \& Applications}, keywords = {myown}, number = 2, pages = {643–661}, title = {Angle Covers: Algorithms and Complexity}, volume = 25, year = 2021 }
• Layered Drawing of Undirected Graphs with Generalized Port Constraints. Walter, Julian; Zink, Johannes; Baumeister, Joachim; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing & Network Vis. (GD’20), Bd. 12590 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, D. Auber, P. Valtr (Hrsg.), S. 220–234. Springer-Verlag, 2021.
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  @inproceedings{wzbw-ldugg-GD20, author = {Walter, Julian and Zink, Johannes and Baumeister, Joachim and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing \& Network Vis. (GD'20)}, editor = {Auber, David and Valtr, Pavel}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {220–234}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Layered Drawing of Undirected Graphs with Generalized Port Constraints}, volume = 12590, year = 2021 }
• Spatial Presence in Mixed Realities--Considerations about the Concept, Measures, Design, and Experiments. Wienrich, Carolin; Komma, Philipp; Vogt, Stephanie; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, R. Skarbez (Hrsg.), S. 141. Frontiers, 2021.
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  Plenty of theories, models, measures, and investigations target the understanding of virtual presence, i.e., the sense of presence in immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Other varieties of the so-called eXtended Realities (XR), e.g., Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR and MR) incorporate immersive features to a lesser degree and continuously combine spatial cues from the real physical space and the simulated virtual space. This blurred separation questions the applicability of the accumulated knowledge about the similarities of virtual presence and presence occurring in other varieties of XR, and corresponding outcomes. The present work bridges this gap by analyzing the construct of presence in mixed realities (MR). To achieve this, the following presents (1) a short review of definitions, dimensions, and measurements of presence in VR, and (2) the state of the art views on MR. Additionally, we (3) derived a working definition of MR, extending the Milgram continuum. This definition is based on entities reaching from real to virtual manifestations at one time point. Entities possess different degrees of referential power, determining the selection of the frame of reference. Furthermore, we (4) identified three research desiderata, including research questions about the frame of reference, the corresponding dimension of transportation, and the dimension of realism in MR. Mainly the relationship between the main aspects of virtual presence of immersive VR, i.e., the place-illusion, and the plausibility-illusion, and of the referential power of MR entities are discussed regarding the concept, measures, and design of presence in MR. Finally, (5) we suggested an experimental setup to reveal the research heuristic behind experiments investigating presence in MR. The present work contributes to the theories and the meaning of and approaches to simulate and measure presence in MR. We hypothesize that research about essential underlying factors determining user experience (UX) in MR simulations and experiences is still in its infancy and hopes this article provides an encouraging starting point to tackle related questions.

  @article{wienrichspatial, abstract = {Plenty of theories, models, measures, and investigations target the understanding of virtual presence, i.e., the sense of presence in immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Other varieties of the so-called eXtended Realities (XR), e.g., Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR and MR) incorporate immersive features to a lesser degree and continuously combine spatial cues from the real physical space and the simulated virtual space. This blurred separation questions the applicability of the accumulated knowledge about the similarities of virtual presence and presence occurring in other varieties of XR, and corresponding outcomes. The present work bridges this gap by analyzing the construct of presence in mixed realities (MR). To achieve this, the following presents (1) a short review of definitions, dimensions, and measurements of presence in VR, and (2) the state of the art views on MR. Additionally, we (3) derived a working definition of MR, extending the Milgram continuum. This definition is based on entities reaching from real to virtual manifestations at one time point. Entities possess different degrees of referential power, determining the selection of the frame of reference. Furthermore, we (4) identified three research desiderata, including research questions about the frame of reference, the corresponding dimension of transportation, and the dimension of realism in MR. Mainly the relationship between the main aspects of virtual presence of immersive VR, i.e., the place-illusion, and the plausibility-illusion, and of the referential power of MR entities are discussed regarding the concept, measures, and design of presence in MR. Finally, (5) we suggested an experimental setup to reveal the research heuristic behind experiments investigating presence in MR. The present work contributes to the theories and the meaning of and approaches to simulate and measure presence in MR. We hypothesize that research about essential underlying factors determining user experience (UX) in MR simulations and experiences is still in its infancy and hopes this article provides an encouraging starting point to tackle related questions.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Komma, Philipp and Vogt, Stephanie and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, editor = {Skarbez, Richard}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, pages = 141, publisher = {Frontiers}, title = {Spatial Presence in Mixed Realities–Considerations about the Concept, Measures, Design, and Experiments}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Container Start Times: Empirical Analysis and Predictability. Straesser, Martin. 2021.
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  @presentation{straesser2021container, author = {Straesser, Martin}, keywords = {empirical_study}, title = {Container Start Times: Empirical Analysis and Predictability}, year = 2021 }
• Culture for Socially Interactive Agents. Lugrin, Birgit; Rehm, Matthias. In The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition, B. Lugrin, C. Pelachaud, D. Traum (Hrsg.), S. 463–494. ACM, 2021.
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  @incollection{Lugrin_2021, author = {Lugrin, Birgit and Rehm, Matthias}, booktitle = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition}, editor = {Lugrin, Birgit and Pelachaud, Catherine and Traum, David}, keywords = {MI}, pages = {463-494}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Culture for Socially Interactive Agents}, year = 2021 }
• Establishing a cardiac training group for patients with heart failure: the “HIP-in-Würzburg” study. Güder, Gülmisal; Wilkesmann, Joana; Scholz, Nina; Leppich, Robert; Düking, Peter; Sperlich, Billy; Rost, Christian; Frantz, Stefan; Morbach, Caroline; Sahiti, Floran; others. In Clinical Research in Cardiology, S. 1–10. Springer, 2021.
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  @article{guder2021establishing, author = {G{\"u}der, G{\"u}lmisal and Wilkesmann, Joana and Scholz, Nina and Leppich, Robert and D{\"u}king, Peter and Sperlich, Billy and Rost, Christian and Frantz, Stefan and Morbach, Caroline and Sahiti, Floran and others}, journal = {Clinical Research in Cardiology}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Establishing a cardiac training group for patients with heart failure: the “HIP-in-W{\"u}rzburg” study}, year = 2021 }
• A Case Study on Optimization of Warehouses. Lesch, Veronika; Müller, Patrick B.M.; Krämer, Moritz; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. 2021.
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  • [ URL ]
  @techreport{lesch2021study, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Müller, Patrick B.M. and Krämer, Moritz and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, keywords = {t_techreport}, title = {A Case Study on Optimization of Warehouses}, year = 2021 }
• Sizeless: Predicting the Optimal Size of Serverless Functions. Eismann, Simon; Bui, Long; Grohmann, Johannes; Abad, Cristina; Herbst, Nikolas; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 22nd International MIDDLEWARE Conference, S. 248–259. 2021.
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  • [ DOI ]
  Serverless functions are an emerging cloud computing paradigm that is being rapidly adopted by both industry and academia. In this cloud computing model, the provider opaquely handles resource management tasks such as resource provisioning, deployment, and auto-scaling. The only resource management task that developers are still in charge of is selecting how much resources are allocated to each worker instance. However, selecting the optimal size of serverless functions is quite challenging, so developers often neglect it despite its significant cost and performance benefits. Existing approaches aiming to automate serverless functions resource sizing require dedicated performance tests, which are time-consuming to implement and maintain. In this paper, we introduce an approach to predict the optimal resource size of a serverless function using monitoring data from a single resource size. As our approach does not require dedicated performance tests, it enables cloud providers to implement resource sizing on a platform level and automate the last resource management task associated with serverless functions. We evaluate our approach on four different serverless applications on AWS, where it predicts the execution time of the other memory sizes based on monitoring data for a single memory size with an average prediction error of 15.3%. Based on these predictions, it selects the optimal memory size for 79.0% of the serverless functions and the secondbest memory size for 12.3% of the serverless functions, which results in an average speedup of 39.7% while also decreasing average costs by 2.6%.

  @inproceedings{eismann2021sizeless, abstract = {Serverless functions are an emerging cloud computing paradigm that is being rapidly adopted by both industry and academia. In this cloud computing model, the provider opaquely handles resource management tasks such as resource provisioning, deployment, and auto-scaling. The only resource management task that developers are still in charge of is selecting how much resources are allocated to each worker instance. However, selecting the optimal size of serverless functions is quite challenging, so developers often neglect it despite its significant cost and performance benefits. Existing approaches aiming to automate serverless functions resource sizing require dedicated performance tests, which are time-consuming to implement and maintain. In this paper, we introduce an approach to predict the optimal resource size of a serverless function using monitoring data from a single resource size. As our approach does not require dedicated performance tests, it enables cloud providers to implement resource sizing on a platform level and automate the last resource management task associated with serverless functions. We evaluate our approach on four different serverless applications on AWS, where it predicts the execution time of the other memory sizes based on monitoring data for a single memory size with an average prediction error of 15.3%. Based on these predictions, it selects the optimal memory size for 79.0% of the serverless functions and the secondbest memory size for 12.3% of the serverless functions, which results in an average speedup of 39.7% while also decreasing average costs by 2.6%.}, author = {Eismann, Simon and Bui, Long and Grohmann, Johannes and Abad, Cristina and Herbst, Nikolas and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd International MIDDLEWARE Conference}, keywords = {descartes}, note = {Best Student Paper Award, ACM Artifacts Evaluated — Functional}, pages = {248–259}, title = {Sizeless: Predicting the Optimal Size of Serverless Functions}, year = 2021 }
• Tackling the Rich Vehicle Routing Problem with Nature-Inspired Algorithms. Lesch, Veronika; König, Maximilian; Kounev, Samuel; Stein, Anthony; Krupitzer, Christian. In Applied Intelligence, 52, S. 9476–9500. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{lesch2021tackling, author = {Lesch, Veronika and König, Maximilian and Kounev, Samuel and Stein, Anthony and Krupitzer, Christian}, journal = {Applied Intelligence}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, pages = {9476–9500}, title = {Tackling the Rich Vehicle Routing Problem with Nature-Inspired Algorithms}, volume = 52, year = 2021 }
• A Case Study of Vehicle Route Optimization. Lesch, Veronika; König, Maximilian; Kounev, Samuel; Stein, Anthony; Krupitzer, Christian. Universität Würzburg and PASS Logistics Solutions AG and Universität Hohenheim, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @techreport{lesch2021studyvrp, author = {Lesch, Veronika and König, Maximilian and Kounev, Samuel and Stein, Anthony and Krupitzer, Christian}, institution = {Universit{ä}t W{ü}rzburg and PASS Logistics Solutions AG and Universit{ä}t Hohenheim}, keywords = {t_techreport}, title = {A Case Study of Vehicle Route Optimization}, year = 2021 }
• A Case Study on Optimization of Warehouses. Lesch, Veronika; Müller, Patrick; Krämer, Moritz; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.12058. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{lesch2021case, author = {Lesch, Veronika and M{\"u}ller, Patrick and Kr{\"a}mer, Moritz and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.12058}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, title = {A Case Study on Optimization of Warehouses}, year = 2021 }
• User Responses to a Humanoid Robot Observed in Real Life, Virtual Reality, 3D and 2D. Mara, Martina; Stein, Jan-Philipp; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit; Schreiner, Constanze; Hostettler, Rafael; Appel, Markus. In Frontiers in Psychology - Human-Media Interaction, 12, and (Hrsg.), S. 1152. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Humanoid robots (i.e., robots with a human-like body) are projected to be mass marketed in the future in several fields of application. Today, however, user evaluations of humanoid robots are often based on mediated depictions rather than actual observations or interactions with a robot, which holds true not least for scientific user studies. People can be confronted with robots in various modes of presentation, among them (1) 2D videos, (2) 3D, i.e., stereoscopic videos, (3) immersive Virtual Reality (VR), or (4) live on site. A systematic investigation into how such differential modes of presentation influence user perceptions of a robot is still lacking. Thus, the current study systematically compares the effects of different presentation modes with varying immersive potential on user evaluations of a humanoid service robot. Participants (N = 120) observed an interaction between a humanoid service robot and an actor either on 2D or 3D video, via a virtual reality headset (VR) or live. We found support for the expected effect of the presentation mode on perceived immediacy. Effects regarding the degree of human likeness that was attributed to the robot were mixed. The presentation mode had no influence on evaluations in terms of eeriness, likability, and purchase intentions. Implications for empirical research on humanoid robots and practice are discussed.

  @article{mara2021responses, abstract = {Humanoid robots (i.e., robots with a human-like body) are projected to be mass marketed in the future in several fields of application. Today, however, user evaluations of humanoid robots are often based on mediated depictions rather than actual observations or interactions with a robot, which holds true not least for scientific user studies. People can be confronted with robots in various modes of presentation, among them (1) 2D videos, (2) 3D, i.e., stereoscopic videos, (3) immersive Virtual Reality (VR), or (4) live on site. A systematic investigation into how such differential modes of presentation influence user perceptions of a robot is still lacking. Thus, the current study systematically compares the effects of different presentation modes with varying immersive potential on user evaluations of a humanoid service robot. Participants (N = 120) observed an interaction between a humanoid service robot and an actor either on 2D or 3D video, via a virtual reality headset (VR) or live. We found support for the expected effect of the presentation mode on perceived immediacy. Effects regarding the degree of human likeness that was attributed to the robot were mixed. The presentation mode had no influence on evaluations in terms of eeriness, likability, and purchase intentions. Implications for empirical research on humanoid robots and practice are discussed.}, author = {Mara, Martina and Stein, Jan-Philipp and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit and Schreiner, Constanze and Hostettler, Rafael and Appel, Markus}, editor = {and}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology - Human-Media Interaction}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 1152, title = {User Responses to a Humanoid Robot Observed in Real Life, Virtual Reality, 3D and 2D}, volume = 12, year = 2021 }
• Internalisation of Situational Motivation in an E-Learning Scenario Using Gamification. Schaper, Philipp; Riedmann, Anna; Lugrin, Birgit. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021), S. 314–319. Springer, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{schaper2021internalisation, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Riedmann, Anna and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2021)}, keywords = {mi}, organization = {Springer}, pages = {314-319}, title = {Internalisation of Situational Motivation in an E-Learning Scenario Using Gamification}, year = 2021 }
• The integration of training and off-training activities substantially alters training volume and load analysis in elite rowers. Treff, Gunnar; Leppich, Robert; Winkert, Kay; Steinacker, Jürgen M; Mayer, Benjamin; Sperlich, Billy. In Scientific reports, 11(1), S. 1–10. Nature Publishing Group, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{treff2021integration, author = {Treff, Gunnar and Leppich, Robert and Winkert, Kay and Steinacker, J{\"u}rgen M and Mayer, Benjamin and Sperlich, Billy}, journal = {Scientific reports}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 1, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {The integration of training and off-training activities substantially alters training volume and load analysis in elite rowers}, volume = 11, year = 2021 }
• Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Sportlerinnen und Sportler in Deutschland. Zinner, Christoph; Matzka, Manuel; Leppich, Robert; Kounev, Samuel; Holmberg, Hans-Christian; Sperlich, Billy. In 53. asp Jahrestagung. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{zinner2021auswirkungen, author = {Zinner, Christoph and Matzka, Manuel and Leppich, Robert and Kounev, Samuel and Holmberg, Hans-Christian and Sperlich, Billy}, journal = {53. asp Jahrestagung}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, title = {Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Sportlerinnen und Sportler in Deutschland}, year = 2021 }
• Semi-Supervised Learning for Grain Size Distribution Interpolation. Kobs, Konstantin; Schäfer, Christian; Steininger, Michael; Krause, Anna; Baumhauer, Roland; Paeth, Heiko; Hotho, Andreas. In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges: Virtual Event, January 10--15, 2021, Proceedings, Part VI, S. 34–44. Springer International Publishing, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{kobs2021semi, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Schäfer, Christian and Steininger, Michael and Krause, Anna and Baumhauer, Roland and Paeth, Heiko and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges: Virtual Event, January 10–15, 2021, Proceedings, Part VI}, keywords = 2021, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, pages = {34–44}, title = {Semi-Supervised Learning for Grain Size Distribution Interpolation}, year = 2021 }
• NeuralPDE: Modelling Dynamical Systems from Data. Dulny, Andrzej; Hotho, Andreas; Krause, Anna. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Many physical processes such as weather phenomena or fluid mechanics are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Modelling such dynamical systems using Neural Networks is an emerging research field. However, current methods are restricted in various ways: they require prior knowledge about the governing equations, and are limited to linear or first-order equations. In this work we propose NeuralPDE, a model which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with differentiable ODE solvers to model dynamical systems. We show that the Method of Lines used in standard PDE solvers can be represented using convolutions which makes CNNs the natural choice to parametrize arbitrary PDE dynamics. Our model can be applied to any data without requiring any prior knowledge about the governing PDE. We evaluate NeuralPDE on datasets generated by solving a wide variety of PDEs, covering higher orders, non-linear equations and multiple spatial dimensions.

  @misc{dulny2021neuralpde, abstract = {Many physical processes such as weather phenomena or fluid mechanics are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Modelling such dynamical systems using Neural Networks is an emerging research field. However, current methods are restricted in various ways: they require prior knowledge about the governing equations, and are limited to linear or first-order equations. In this work we propose NeuralPDE, a model which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with differentiable ODE solvers to model dynamical systems. We show that the Method of Lines used in standard PDE solvers can be represented using convolutions which makes CNNs the natural choice to parametrize arbitrary PDE dynamics. Our model can be applied to any data without requiring any prior knowledge about the governing PDE. We evaluate NeuralPDE on datasets generated by solving a wide variety of PDEs, covering higher orders, non-linear equations and multiple spatial dimensions.}, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Hotho, Andreas and Krause, Anna}, keywords = {network}, note = {cite arxiv:2111.07671}, title = {NeuralPDE: Modelling Dynamical Systems from Data}, year = 2021 }
• Detecting Presence Of Speech In Acoustic Data Obtained From Beehives. Janetzky, Pascal; Davidson, Padraig; Steininger, Michael; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2021 (DCASE 2021), Online, November 15-19, 2021, F. Font, A. Mesaros, D. P. W. Ellis, E. Fonseca, M. Fuentes, B. Elizalde (Hrsg.), S. 26–30. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{janetzky2021detecting, author = {Janetzky, Pascal and Davidson, Padraig and Steininger, Michael and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2021 {(DCASE} 2021), Online, November 15-19, 2021}, editor = {Font, Frederic and Mesaros, Annamaria and Ellis, Daniel P. W. and Fonseca, Eduardo and Fuentes, Magdalena and Elizalde, Benjamin}, keywords = 2021, pages = {26–30}, title = {Detecting Presence Of Speech In Acoustic Data Obtained From Beehives}, year = 2021 }
• Buzzy: Towards Realistic DBMS Benchmarking via Tailored, Representative, Synthetic Workloads. Domaschka, Jörg; Eismann, Simon; Leznik, Mark; Grohmann, Johannes; Kounev, Samuel; Seybold, Daniel. In Companion of the ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, Bd. ICPE ’21, S. 175–178. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Distributed Database Management Systems (DBMS) are a crucial component of modern IT applications. Understanding their performance and non-functional properties is of paramount importance. Yet, benchmarking distributed DBMS has proven to be difficult in practice. Either, a realistic workload is often mapped to a synthetic workload without knowing if this mapping is correct or available workload traces are replayed. While the latter approach provides more realistic results, real-world traces are hard to obtain and their scope is limited in time scale and variance.We propose collecting real-world traces and then applying data generation techniques to synthesize similar realistic traces based on it. Based in this approach, we can obtain workloads for benchmarking, exhibit variability with respect to different aspects of interest while still being similar to the original traces. Varying generation parameters, we are able to support benchmarking what-if scenarios with hypothetical workloads and introduced anomalies.

  @inproceedings{domaschka2021buzzy, abstract = {Distributed Database Management Systems (DBMS) are a crucial component of modern IT applications. Understanding their performance and non-functional properties is of paramount importance. Yet, benchmarking distributed DBMS has proven to be difficult in practice. Either, a realistic workload is often mapped to a synthetic workload without knowing if this mapping is correct or available workload traces are replayed. While the latter approach provides more realistic results, real-world traces are hard to obtain and their scope is limited in time scale and variance.We propose collecting real-world traces and then applying data generation techniques to synthesize similar realistic traces based on it. Based in this approach, we can obtain workloads for benchmarking, exhibit variability with respect to different aspects of interest while still being similar to the original traces. Varying generation parameters, we are able to support benchmarking what-if scenarios with hypothetical workloads and introduced anomalies.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Domaschka, Jörg and Eismann, Simon and Leznik, Mark and Grohmann, Johannes and Kounev, Samuel and Seybold, Daniel}, booktitle = {Companion of the ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {descartes}, pages = {175–178}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Buzzy: Towards Realistic DBMS Benchmarking via Tailored, Representative, Synthetic Workloads}, volume = {ICPE '21}, year = 2021 }
• Software Testing Strategies for Detecting Hypercall Handlerstextquotesingle Aging-related Bugs. Beierlieb, Lukas; Avritzer, Alberto; Ifflander, Lukas; Antunes, Nuno; Milenkoski, Aleksandar; Kounev, Samuel. In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops ({ISSREW}). IEEE, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Beierlieb_2021_SoftwareTestingStrategiesforDetectingHypercallHandlersAgingRelatedBugs, author = {Beierlieb, Lukas and Avritzer, Alberto and Ifflander, Lukas and Antunes, Nuno and Milenkoski, Aleksandar and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2021 {IEEE} International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops ({ISSREW})}, keywords = {security}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {Software Testing Strategies for Detecting Hypercall Handlers{\textquotesingle} Aging-related Bugs}, year = 2021 }
• Teaching Software Testing Using Automated Grading. Beierlieb, Lukas; Iffländer, Lukas; Schneider, Tobias; Prantl, Thomas; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop "Automatische Bewertung von Programmieraufgaben" (ABP 2021),virtual event, October 28-29, 2021, A. Greubel, S. Strickroth, M. Striewe (Hrsg.). Gesellschaft für Informatik, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Beierlieb_2021_TeachingSoftwareTestingUsingAutomatedGrading, author = {Beierlieb, Lukas and Iffländer, Lukas and Schneider, Tobias and Prantl, Thomas and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop "Automatische Bewertung von Programmieraufgaben" (ABP 2021),virtual event, October 28-29, 2021}, editor = {Greubel, André and Strickroth, Sven and Striewe, Michael}, keywords = {teaching}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik}, title = {Teaching Software Testing Using Automated Grading}, year = 2021 }
• Performance Modeling and Analysis of Communication Networks. Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In . Würzburg University Press, https://modeling.systems/, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This textbook provides an introduction to common methods of performance modeling and analysis of communication systems. These methods form the basis of traffic engineering, teletraffic theory, and analytical system dimensioning. The fundamentals of probability theory, stochastic processes, Markov processes, and embedded Markov chains are presented. Basic queueing models are described with applications in communication networks. Advanced methods are presented that have been frequently used in recent practice, especially discrete-time analysis algorithms, or which go beyond classical performance measures such as Quality of Experience or energy efficiency. Recent examples of modern communication networks include Software Defined Networking and the Internet of Things. Throughout the book, illustrative examples are used to provide practical experience in performance modeling and analysis. Download: https://modeling.systems/

  @book{info3-book-2021-1, abstract = {This textbook provides an introduction to common methods of performance modeling and analysis of communication systems. These methods form the basis of traffic engineering, teletraffic theory, and analytical system dimensioning. The fundamentals of probability theory, stochastic processes, Markov processes, and embedded Markov chains are presented. Basic queueing models are described with applications in communication networks. Advanced methods are presented that have been frequently used in recent practice, especially discrete-time analysis algorithms, or which go beyond classical performance measures such as Quality of Experience or energy efficiency. Recent examples of modern communication networks include Software Defined Networking and the Internet of Things. Throughout the book, illustrative examples are used to provide practical experience in performance modeling and analysis. Download: https://modeling.systems/}, address = {https://modeling.systems/}, author = {Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {Performance Modeling and Analysis of Communication Networks}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Würzburg University Press}, title = {Performance Modeling and Analysis of Communication Networks}, year = 2021 }
• Performance Evaluation of a Post-Quantum Public-Key Cryptosystem. Prantl, Thomas; Prantl, Dominik; Beierlieb, Lukas; Iffländer, Lukas; Dmitrienko, Alexandra; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In 2021 IEEE 40th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC). IEEE, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrPrBeIfDnKrKo2021-IPCCC-QuantumPublicKeyCryposystem, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Prantl, Dominik and Beierlieb, Lukas and Iffländer, Lukas and Dmitrienko, Alexandra and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE 40th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)}, keywords = {t_workshop}, organization = {IEEE}, title = {Performance Evaluation of a Post-Quantum Public-Key Cryptosystem}, year = 2021 }
• Game-Ready Inventory Systems for Virtual Reality. Mußmann, Marc; Truman, Samuel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IEEE COG 2021, 2021. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{Mussmann:2021aa, author = {Mu{\ss}mann, Marc and Truman, Samuel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {IEEE COG 2021}, keywords = {via-vr}, note = {Best student paper award 🏆}, title = {Game-Ready Inventory Systems for Virtual Reality}, volume = 2021, year = 2021 }
• User responses to a humanoid robot observed in real life, virtual reality, 3D and 2D. Mara, Martina; Stein, Jan-Philipp; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Lugrin, Birgit; Schreiner, Constanze; Hostettler, Rafael; Appel, Markus. In Frontiers in Psychology, 12, S. 633178. Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{mara2021user, author = {Mara, Martina and Stein, Jan-Philipp and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit and Schreiner, Constanze and Hostettler, Rafael and Appel, Markus}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, keywords = {mi}, pages = 633178, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, title = {User responses to a humanoid robot observed in real life, virtual reality, 3D and 2D}, volume = 12, year = 2021 }
• Off-The-Shelf Stylus: Using XR Devices for Handwriting and Sketching on Physically Aligned Virtual Surfaces. Kern, Florian; Kullmann, Peter; Ganal, Elisabeth; Korwisi, Kristof; Stingl, Rene; Niebling, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, D. Zielasko (Hrsg.), S. 69. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This article introduces the Off-The-Shelf Stylus (OTSS), a framework for 2D interaction (in 3D) as well as for handwriting and sketching with digital pen, ink, and paper on physically aligned virtual surfaces in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR: XR for short). OTSS supports self-made XR styluses based on consumer-grade six-degrees-of-freedom XR controllers and commercially available styluses. The framework provides separate modules for three basic but vital features: 1) The stylus module provides stylus construction and calibration features. 2) The surface module provides surface calibration and visual feedback features for virtual-physical 2D surface alignment using our so-called 3ViSuAl procedure, and surface interaction features. 3) The evaluation suite provides a comprehensive test bed combining technical measurements for precision, accuracy, and latency with extensive usability evaluations including handwriting and sketching tasks based on established visuomotor, graphomotor, and handwriting research. The framework’s development is accompanied by an extensive open source reference implementation targeting the Unity game engine using an Oculus Rift S headset and Oculus Touch controllers. The development compares three low-cost and low-tech options to equip controllers with a tip and includes a web browser-based surface providing support for interacting, handwriting, and sketching. The evaluation of the reference implementation based on the OTSS framework identified an average stylus precision of 0.98 mm (SD = 0.54 mm) and an average surface accuracy of 0.60 mm (SD = 0.32 mm) in a seated VR environment. The time for displaying the stylus movement as digital ink on the web browser surface in VR was 79.40 ms on average (SD = 23.26 ms), including the physical controller’s motion-to-photon latency visualized by its virtual representation (M = 42.57 ms, SD = 15.70 ms). The usability evaluation (N = 10) revealed a low task load, high usability, and high user experience. Participants successfully reproduced given shapes and created legible handwriting, indicating that the OTSS and it’s reference implementation is ready for everyday use. We provide source code access to our implementation, including stylus and surface calibration and surface interaction features, making it easy to reuse, extend, adapt and/or replicate previous results (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss).

  @article{kern2021offtheshelf, abstract = {This article introduces the Off-The-Shelf Stylus (OTSS), a framework for 2D interaction (in 3D) as well as for handwriting and sketching with digital pen, ink, and paper on physically aligned virtual surfaces in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR: XR for short). OTSS supports self-made XR styluses based on consumer-grade six-degrees-of-freedom XR controllers and commercially available styluses. The framework provides separate modules for three basic but vital features: 1) The stylus module provides stylus construction and calibration features. 2) The surface module provides surface calibration and visual feedback features for virtual-physical 2D surface alignment using our so-called 3ViSuAl procedure, and surface interaction features. 3) The evaluation suite provides a comprehensive test bed combining technical measurements for precision, accuracy, and latency with extensive usability evaluations including handwriting and sketching tasks based on established visuomotor, graphomotor, and handwriting research. The framework’s development is accompanied by an extensive open source reference implementation targeting the Unity game engine using an Oculus Rift S headset and Oculus Touch controllers. The development compares three low-cost and low-tech options to equip controllers with a tip and includes a web browser-based surface providing support for interacting, handwriting, and sketching. The evaluation of the reference implementation based on the OTSS framework identified an average stylus precision of 0.98 mm (SD = 0.54 mm) and an average surface accuracy of 0.60 mm (SD = 0.32 mm) in a seated VR environment. The time for displaying the stylus movement as digital ink on the web browser surface in VR was 79.40 ms on average (SD = 23.26 ms), including the physical controller’s motion-to-photon latency visualized by its virtual representation (M = 42.57 ms, SD = 15.70 ms). The usability evaluation (N = 10) revealed a low task load, high usability, and high user experience. Participants successfully reproduced given shapes and created legible handwriting, indicating that the OTSS and it’s reference implementation is ready for everyday use. We provide source code access to our implementation, including stylus and surface calibration and surface interaction features, making it easy to reuse, extend, adapt and/or replicate previous results (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss).}, author = {Kern, Florian and Kullmann, Peter and Ganal, Elisabeth and Korwisi, Kristof and Stingl, Rene and Niebling, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, editor = {Zielasko, Daniel}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {vilearn}, pages = 69, title = {Off-The-Shelf Stylus: Using XR Devices for Handwriting and Sketching on Physically Aligned Virtual Surfaces}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Impostor-Based Rendering Acceleration for Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality. Mišiak, Martin; Fuhrmann, Arnulph; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’21. Association for Computing Machinery, Osaka, Japan, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper presents an image-based rendering approach to accelerate rendering time of virtual scenes containing a large number of complex high poly count objects. Our approach replaces complex objects by impostors, light-weight image-based representations leveraging geometry and shading related processing costs. In contrast to their classical implementation, our impostors are specifically designed to work in Virtual-, Augmented- and Mixed Reality scenarios (XR for short), as they support stereoscopic rendering to provide correct depth perception. Motion parallax of typical head movements is compensated by using a ray marched parallax correction step. Our approach provides a dynamic run-time recreation of impostors as necessary for larger changes in view position. The dynamic run-time recreation is decoupled from the actual rendering process. Hence, its associated processing cost is therefore distributed over multiple frames. This avoids any unwanted frame drops or latency spikes even for impostors of objects with complex geometry and many polygons. In addition to the significant performance benefit, our impostors compare favorably against the original mesh representation, as geometric and textural temporal aliasing artifacts are heavily suppressed.

  @inproceedings{misiak2021impostorbased, abstract = {This paper presents an image-based rendering approach to accelerate rendering time of virtual scenes containing a large number of complex high poly count objects. Our approach replaces complex objects by impostors, light-weight image-based representations leveraging geometry and shading related processing costs. In contrast to their classical implementation, our impostors are specifically designed to work in Virtual-, Augmented- and Mixed Reality scenarios (XR for short), as they support stereoscopic rendering to provide correct depth perception. Motion parallax of typical head movements is compensated by using a ray marched parallax correction step. Our approach provides a dynamic run-time recreation of impostors as necessary for larger changes in view position. The dynamic run-time recreation is decoupled from the actual rendering process. Hence, its associated processing cost is therefore distributed over multiple frames. This avoids any unwanted frame drops or latency spikes even for impostors of objects with complex geometry and many polygons. In addition to the significant performance benefit, our impostors compare favorably against the original mesh representation, as geometric and textural temporal aliasing artifacts are heavily suppressed.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Mišiak, Martin and Fuhrmann, Arnulph and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '21}, title = {Impostor-Based Rendering Acceleration for Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality}, year = 2021 }
• WHERE ARE WE NOW ON THE ROAD TO 4D URBAN HISTORY RESEARCH AND DISCOVERY?. Münster, S.; Maiwald, F.; Bruschke, J.; Kröber, C.; Dietz, R.; Messemer, H.; Niebling, F. In ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, VIII-M-1-2021, S. 109–116. 2021.
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{isprs-annals-VIII-M-1-2021-109-2021, author = {Münster, S. and Maiwald, F. and Bruschke, J. and Kröber, C. and Dietz, R. and Messemer, H. and Niebling, F.}, journal = {ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, pages = {109–116}, title = {WHERE ARE WE NOW ON THE ROAD TO 4D URBAN HISTORY RESEARCH AND DISCOVERY?}, volume = {VIII-M-1-2021}, year = 2021 }
• A Swarm Grammar-Based Approach to Virtual World Generation. Raies, Yasin; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, J. Romero, T. Martins, N. Rodríguez-Fernández (Hrsg.), S. 459–474. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  In this work we formulate and propose an extended version of the multi-agent Swarm Grammar (SG) model for the generation of virtual worlds. It unfolds a comparatively small database into a complex world featuring terrain, vegetation and bodies of water. This approach allows for adaptivity of generated assets to their environment, unbounded worlds and interactivity in their generation. In order to evaluate the model, we conducted sensitivity analyses at a local interaction scale. In addition, at a global scale, we investigated two virtual environments, discussing notable interactions, recurring configuration patterns, and obstacles in working with SGs. These analyses showed that SGs can create visually interesting virtual worlds, but require further work in ease of use. Lastly we identified which future extensions might shrink required database sizes.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-72914-1_30, abstract = {In this work we formulate and propose an extended version of the multi-agent Swarm Grammar (SG) model for the generation of virtual worlds. It unfolds a comparatively small database into a complex world featuring terrain, vegetation and bodies of water. This approach allows for adaptivity of generated assets to their environment, unbounded worlds and interactivity in their generation. In order to evaluate the model, we conducted sensitivity analyses at a local interaction scale. In addition, at a global scale, we investigated two virtual environments, discussing notable interactions, recurring configuration patterns, and obstacles in working with SGs. These analyses showed that SGs can create visually interesting virtual worlds, but require further work in ease of use. Lastly we identified which future extensions might shrink required database sizes.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Raies, Yasin and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design}, editor = {Romero, Juan and Martins, Tiago and Rodr{\'i}guez-Fern{\'a}ndez, Nereida}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {459–474}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {A Swarm Grammar-Based Approach to Virtual World Generation}, year = 2021 }
• Fostering Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs) in and with Virtual Reality. A Case Study. Schröter, Thomas; Tiede, Jennifer; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of EdMedia + Innovate Learning, T. Bastiaens (Hrsg.), S. 617–629. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{schroter2021fostering, author = {Schröter, Thomas and Tiede, Jennifer and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of EdMedia + Innovate Learning}, editor = {Bastiaens, T.}, keywords = {Schröter}, organization = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, pages = {617-629}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, title = {Fostering Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs) in and with Virtual Reality. A Case Study}, year = 2021 }
• The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Feedback on Performance and Experience during VR-Supported Motor Rehabilitation. Hamzeheinejad, Negin; Roth, Daniel; Monty, Samantha; Breuer, Julian; Rodenberg, Anuschka; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), S. 382–391. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  This paper examines the impact of implicit and explicit feedback in Virtual Reality (VR) on performance and user experience during motor rehabilitation. In this work, explicit feedback consists of visual and auditory cues provided by a virtual trainer, compared to traditional feedback provided by a real physiotherapist. Implicit feedback was generated by the walking motion of the virtual trainer accompanying the patient during virtual walks. Here, the potential synchrony of movements between the trainer and trainee is intended to create an implicit visual affordance of motion adaption. We hypothesize that this will stimulate the activation of mirror neurons, thus fostering neuroadaptive processes. We conducted a clinical user study in a rehabilitation center employing a gait robot. We investigated the performance outcome and subjective experience of four resulting VR-supported rehabilitation conditions: with/without explicit feedback, and with/without implicit (synchronous motion) stimulation by a virtual trainer. We further included two baseline conditions reflecting the current NonVR procedure in the rehabilitation center. Our results show that additional feedback generally resulted in better patient performance, objectively assessed by the necessary applied support force of the robot. Additionally, our VR supported rehabilitation procedure improved enjoyment and satisfaction, while no negative impacts could be observed. Implicit feedback and adapted motion synchrony by the virtual trainer led to higher mental demand, giving rise to hopes of increased neural activity and neuroadaptive stimulation.

  @inproceedings{hamzeheinejad2021impact, abstract = {This paper examines the impact of implicit and explicit feedback in Virtual Reality (VR) on performance and user experience during motor rehabilitation. In this work, explicit feedback consists of visual and auditory cues provided by a virtual trainer, compared to traditional feedback provided by a real physiotherapist. Implicit feedback was generated by the walking motion of the virtual trainer accompanying the patient during virtual walks. Here, the potential synchrony of movements between the trainer and trainee is intended to create an implicit visual affordance of motion adaption. We hypothesize that this will stimulate the activation of mirror neurons, thus fostering neuroadaptive processes. We conducted a clinical user study in a rehabilitation center employing a gait robot. We investigated the performance outcome and subjective experience of four resulting VR-supported rehabilitation conditions: with/without explicit feedback, and with/without implicit (synchronous motion) stimulation by a virtual trainer. We further included two baseline conditions reflecting the current NonVR procedure in the rehabilitation center. Our results show that additional feedback generally resulted in better patient performance, objectively assessed by the necessary applied support force of the robot. Additionally, our VR supported rehabilitation procedure improved enjoyment and satisfaction, while no negative impacts could be observed. Implicit feedback and adapted motion synchrony by the virtual trainer led to higher mental demand, giving rise to hopes of increased neural activity and neuroadaptive stimulation.}, author = {Hamzeheinejad, Negin and Roth, Daniel and Monty, Samantha and Breuer, Julian and Rodenberg, Anuschka and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {matoushs}, pages = {382-391}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {The Impact of Implicit and Explicit Feedback on Performance and Experience during VR-Supported Motor Rehabilitation}, year = 2021 }
• Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze. Madeira, Octavia; Gromer, Daniel; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Pauli, Paul. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals' levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects' fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.

  @article{madeira:2021x, abstract = {The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e., animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed vs. the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behaviors are conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety and also assessed the individuals' levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking, and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for 5 min. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of standard handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia, and sensation seeking, no effect was detected. Also, subjects' fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.}, author = {Madeira, Octavia and Gromer, Daniel and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Pauli, Paul}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Introduction to Socially Interactive Agents. Lugrin, Birgit. In The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition, B. Lugrin, C. Pelachaud, D. Traum (Hrsg.), S. 1–20. ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @incollection{Lugrin_2021, author = {Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition}, editor = {Lugrin, Birgit and Pelachaud, Catherine and Traum, David}, keywords = {mi}, pages = {1-20}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Introduction to Socially Interactive Agents}, year = 2021 }
• Mapping pre-service teachers’ TPACK development using a social virtual reality and a video-conferencing system. Ripka, Gabriela; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2021, T. Bastiaens (Hrsg.), S. 145–159. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Social VR's characteristics, by offering authentic learning environments that enable interaction remotely and synchronously and permit learning experiences that affect learners in a multi-sensory way, offer great potential for teaching and learning processes. However, concerning its use to promote pre-service teachers' TPACK in initial teacher education, there remains a research desideratum. In this context, this exploratory study addressed the following research question: How did pre-service teachers' TPACK develop using a social VR learning environment prototype in comparison to a video conferencing platform throughout a semester? Following a design-based research approach, an action-oriented pedagogical concept for teaching and learning in social VR was designed and implemented for initial teacher education at a German university with a convenience sample of 14 participants. The lesson plans were collected and analyzed with the help of Epistemic Network Analysis (Shaffer, 2017) at three points of time during the semester and the GATI reflection process (Krauskopf et al., 2018). Further, 14 GATI diagrams gave insights into pre-service teachers' self-estimated TPACK. As the results indicate, pre-service students constructed more complex mental models of TPACK in social VR compared to the video conferencing platform, indicating that more interrelations between knowledge domains could be constructed by planning and designing VR-integrated lesson plans.

  @inproceedings{gabrielaripka, abstract = {Social VR's characteristics, by offering authentic learning environments that enable interaction remotely and synchronously and permit learning experiences that affect learners in a multi-sensory way, offer great potential for teaching and learning processes. However, concerning its use to promote pre-service teachers' TPACK in initial teacher education, there remains a research desideratum. In this context, this exploratory study addressed the following research question: How did pre-service teachers' TPACK develop using a social VR learning environment prototype in comparison to a video conferencing platform throughout a semester? Following a design-based research approach, an action-oriented pedagogical concept for teaching and learning in social VR was designed and implemented for initial teacher education at a German university with a convenience sample of 14 participants. The lesson plans were collected and analyzed with the help of Epistemic Network Analysis (Shaffer, 2017) at three points of time during the semester and the GATI reflection process (Krauskopf et al., 2018). Further, 14 GATI diagrams gave insights into pre-service teachers' self-estimated TPACK. As the results indicate, pre-service students constructed more complex mental models of TPACK in social VR compared to the video conferencing platform, indicating that more interrelations between knowledge domains could be constructed by planning and designing VR-integrated lesson plans.}, author = {Ripka, Gabriela and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2021}, editor = {Bastiaens, T.}, keywords = {myown}, organization = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, pages = {145-159}, title = {Mapping pre-service teachers' TPACK development using a social virtual reality and a video-conferencing system}, year = 2021 }
• Machine Learning Model Update Strategies for Hard Disk Drive Failure Prediction. Züfle, Marwin; Erhard, Florian; Kounev, Samuel. In 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{zufle2021machine, author = {Z{\"u}fle, Marwin and Erhard, Florian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {online_monitoring_and_forecasting}, note = {(to appear)}, title = {Machine Learning Model Update Strategies for Hard Disk Drive Failure Prediction}, year = 2021 }
• Serverless Computing (Dagstuhl Seminar 21201). Abad, Cristina; Foster, Ian T.; Herbst, Nikolas; Iosup, Alexandru. In Dagstuhl Reports, 11(4), C. Abad; I. T. Foster; N. Herbst; A. Iosup (Hrsg.), S. 34–93. Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{abad_et_al:DagRep.11.4.34, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, annote = {Keywords: Cloud computing, Cloud continuum, data-driven, design patterns, DevOps, experimentation, model-driven, serverless computing, simulation, software architecture, systems management, vision}, author = {Abad, Cristina and Foster, Ian T. and Herbst, Nikolas and Iosup, Alexandru}, editor = {Abad, Cristina and Foster, Ian T. and Herbst, Nikolas and Iosup, Alexandru}, journal = {Dagstuhl Reports}, keywords = {resource_management}, number = 4, pages = {34–93}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, title = {{Serverless Computing (Dagstuhl Seminar 21201)}}, volume = 11, year = 2021 }
• On Minimum Generalized Manhattan Connections. Antoniadis, Antonios; Capretto, Margarita; Chalermsook, Parinya; Damerius, Christoph; Kling, Peter; Nölke, Lukas; Obscura, Nidia; Spoerhase, Joachim. In Proc. 17th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium (WADS’21), Bd. 12808, S. 85–100. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{antoniadis2021minimum, author = {Antoniadis, Antonios and Capretto, Margarita and Chalermsook, Parinya and Damerius, Christoph and Kling, Peter and Nölke, Lukas and Obscura, Nidia and Spoerhase, Joachim}, booktitle = {Proc. 17th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium (WADS'21)}, keywords = {structure}, pages = {85–100}, title = {On Minimum Generalized Manhattan Connections}, volume = 12808, year = 2021 }
• Development of the InteractionSuitcase in virtual reality to support inter- and transcultural learning processes in English as Foreign Language education. Hein, Rebecca; Steinbock, Jeanine; Eisenmann, Maria; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In DELFI 2021, A. Kienle, A. Harrer, J. M. Haake, A. Lingnau (Hrsg.), S. 91–96. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Immersion programs and the experiences they offer learners are irreplaceable. In times of Covid-19, social VR applications can offer enormous potential for the acquisition of inter- and transcultural competencies (ITC). Virtual objects (VO) could initiate communication and reflection processes between learners with different cultural backgrounds and therefore offer an exciting approach. Accordingly, we address the following research questions: (1) What is a sound way to collect objects for the InteractionSuitcase to promote ITC acquisition by means of Social VR? (2) For which aspects do students use the objects when developing an ITC learning scenario? (3) Which VO are considered particularly supportive to initiate and facilitate ITC learning? To answer these research questions, the virtual InteractionSuitcase will be designed and implemented. This paper presents the empirical preliminary work and interim results of the development and evaluation of the InteractionSuitcase, its usage, and the significance of this project for Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) and English as Foreign Language (EFL) research.

  @inproceedings{hein2021development, abstract = {Immersion programs and the experiences they offer learners are irreplaceable. In times of Covid-19, social VR applications can offer enormous potential for the acquisition of inter- and transcultural competencies (ITC). Virtual objects (VO) could initiate communication and reflection processes between learners with different cultural backgrounds and therefore offer an exciting approach. Accordingly, we address the following research questions: (1) What is a sound way to collect objects for the InteractionSuitcase to promote ITC acquisition by means of Social VR? (2) For which aspects do students use the objects when developing an ITC learning scenario? (3) Which VO are considered particularly supportive to initiate and facilitate ITC learning? To answer these research questions, the virtual InteractionSuitcase will be designed and implemented. This paper presents the empirical preliminary work and interim results of the development and evaluation of the InteractionSuitcase, its usage, and the significance of this project for Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) and English as Foreign Language (EFL) research.}, address = {Bonn}, author = {Hein, Rebecca and Steinbock, Jeanine and Eisenmann, Maria and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {DELFI 2021}, editor = {Kienle, Andrea and Harrer, Andreas and Haake, Joerg M. and Lingnau, Andreas}, keywords = {coteach}, pages = {91-96}, publisher = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.}, title = {Development of the InteractionSuitcase in virtual reality to support inter- and transcultural learning processes in English as Foreign Language education}, year = 2021 }
• eXtended Artificial Intelligence: New Prospects of Human-AI Interaction Research. Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 94. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad spectrum of computational problems and use cases. Many of those implicate profound and sometimes intricate questions of how humans interact or should interact with AIs. Moreover, many users or future users do have abstract ideas of what AI is, significantly depending on the specific embodiment of AI applications. Human-centered-design approaches would suggest evaluating the impact of different embodiments on human perception of and interaction with AI. An approach that is difficult to realize due to the sheer complexity of application fields and embodiments in reality. However, here XR opens new possibilities to research human-AI interactions. The article's contribution is twofold: First, it provides a theoretical treatment and model of human-AI interaction based on an XR-AI continuum as a framework for and a perspective of different approaches of XR-AI combinations. It motivates XR-AI combinations as a method to learn about the effects of prospective human-AI interfaces and shows why the combination of XR and AI fruitfully contributes to a valid and systematic investigation of human-AI interactions and interfaces. Second, the article provides two exemplary experiments investigating the aforementioned approach for two distinct AI-systems. The first experiment reveals an interesting gender effect in human-robot interaction, while the second experiment reveals an Eliza effect of a recommender system. Here the article introduces two paradigmatic implementations of the proposed XR testbed for human-AI interactions and interfaces and shows how a valid and systematic investigation can be conducted. In sum, the article opens new perspectives on how XR benefits human-centered AI design and development.

  @article{wienrich2021extended, abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad spectrum of computational problems and use cases. Many of those implicate profound and sometimes intricate questions of how humans interact or should interact with AIs. Moreover, many users or future users do have abstract ideas of what AI is, significantly depending on the specific embodiment of AI applications. Human-centered-design approaches would suggest evaluating the impact of different embodiments on human perception of and interaction with AI. An approach that is difficult to realize due to the sheer complexity of application fields and embodiments in reality. However, here XR opens new possibilities to research human-AI interactions. The article's contribution is twofold: First, it provides a theoretical treatment and model of human-AI interaction based on an XR-AI continuum as a framework for and a perspective of different approaches of XR-AI combinations. It motivates XR-AI combinations as a method to learn about the effects of prospective human-AI interfaces and shows why the combination of XR and AI fruitfully contributes to a valid and systematic investigation of human-AI interactions and interfaces. Second, the article provides two exemplary experiments investigating the aforementioned approach for two distinct AI-systems. The first experiment reveals an interesting gender effect in human-robot interaction, while the second experiment reveals an Eliza effect of a recommender system. Here the article introduces two paradigmatic implementations of the proposed XR testbed for human-AI interactions and interfaces and shows how a valid and systematic investigation can be conducted. In sum, the article opens new perspectives on how XR benefits human-centered AI design and development.}, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {aiatwork}, pages = 94, title = {eXtended Artificial Intelligence: New Prospects of Human-AI Interaction Research}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender, social concern and the presence of real vs virtual agents. Qi, Yanyan; Bruch, Dorothée; Krop, Philipp; Herrmann, Martin J; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Deckert, Jürgen; Hein, Grit. In Translational psychiatry, 11(1), S. 1–10. Nature Publishing Group, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  The presence of a partner can attenuate physiological fear responses, a phenomenon known as social buffering. However, not all individuals are equally sociable. Here we investigated whether social buffering of fear is shaped by sensitivity to social anxiety (social concern) and whether these effects are different in females and males. We collected skin conductance responses (SCRs) and affect ratings of female and male participants when they experienced aversive and neutral sounds alone (alone treatment) or in the presence of an unknown person of the same gender (social treatment). Individual differences in social concern were assessed based on a well-established questionnaire. Our results showed that social concern had a stronger effect on social buffering in females than in males. The lower females scored on social concern, the stronger the SCRs reduction in the social compared to the alone treatment. The effect of social concern on social buffering of fear in females disappeared if participants were paired with a virtual agent instead of a real person. Together, these results showed that social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender and social concern. In females, the presence of virtual agents can buffer fear, irrespective of individual differences in social concern. These findings specify factors that shape the social modulation of human fear, and thus might be relevant for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

  @article{qi2021social, abstract = {The presence of a partner can attenuate physiological fear responses, a phenomenon known as social buffering. However, not all individuals are equally sociable. Here we investigated whether social buffering of fear is shaped by sensitivity to social anxiety (social concern) and whether these effects are different in females and males. We collected skin conductance responses (SCRs) and affect ratings of female and male participants when they experienced aversive and neutral sounds alone (alone treatment) or in the presence of an unknown person of the same gender (social treatment). Individual differences in social concern were assessed based on a well-established questionnaire. Our results showed that social concern had a stronger effect on social buffering in females than in males. The lower females scored on social concern, the stronger the SCRs reduction in the social compared to the alone treatment. The effect of social concern on social buffering of fear in females disappeared if participants were paired with a virtual agent instead of a real person. Together, these results showed that social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender and social concern. In females, the presence of virtual agents can buffer fear, irrespective of individual differences in social concern. These findings specify factors that shape the social modulation of human fear, and thus might be relevant for the treatment of anxiety disorders.}, author = {Qi, Yanyan and Bruch, Doroth{\'e}e and Krop, Philipp and Herrmann, Martin J and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Hein, Grit}, journal = {Translational psychiatry}, keywords = {sobuff}, number = 1, pages = {1–10}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {Social buffering of human fear is shaped by gender, social concern and the presence of real vs virtual agents}, volume = 11, year = 2021 }
• A Systematic Review of Foreign Language Learning with Immersive Technologies (2001-2020). Hein, Rebecca Magdalena; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 5(2), S. 117–145. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This study provides a systematic literature review of research (2001–2020) in the field of teaching and learning a foreign language and intercultural learning using immersive technologies. Based on 2507 sources, 54 articles were selected according to a predefined selection criteria. The review is aimed at providing information about which immersive interventions are being used for foreign language learning and teaching and where potential research gaps exist. The papers were analyzed and coded according to the following categories: (1) investigation form and education level, (2) degree of immersion, and technology used, (3) predictors, and (4) criterions. The review identified key research findings relating the use of immersive technologies for learning and teaching a foreign language and intercultural learning at cognitive, affective, and conative levels. The findings revealed research gaps in the area of teachers as a target group, and virtual reality (VR) as a fully immersive intervention form. Furthermore, the studies reviewed rarely examined behavior, and implicit measurements related to inter- and trans-cultural learning and teaching. Inter- and transcultural learning and teaching especially is an underrepresented investigation subject. Finally, concrete suggestions for future research are given. The systematic review contributes to the challenge of interdisciplinary cooperation between pedagogy, foreign language didactics, and Human-Computer Interaction to achieve innovative teaching-learning formats and a successful digital transformation.

  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {This study provides a systematic literature review of research (2001–2020) in the field of teaching and learning a foreign language and intercultural learning using immersive technologies. Based on 2507 sources, 54 articles were selected according to a predefined selection criteria. The review is aimed at providing information about which immersive interventions are being used for foreign language learning and teaching and where potential research gaps exist. The papers were analyzed and coded according to the following categories: (1) investigation form and education level, (2) degree of immersion, and technology used, (3) predictors, and (4) criterions. The review identified key research findings relating the use of immersive technologies for learning and teaching a foreign language and intercultural learning at cognitive, affective, and conative levels. The findings revealed research gaps in the area of teachers as a target group, and virtual reality (VR) as a fully immersive intervention form. Furthermore, the studies reviewed rarely examined behavior, and implicit measurements related to inter- and trans-cultural learning and teaching. Inter- and transcultural learning and teaching especially is an underrepresented investigation subject. Finally, concrete suggestions for future research are given. The systematic review contributes to the challenge of interdisciplinary cooperation between pedagogy, foreign language didactics, and Human-Computer Interaction to achieve innovative teaching-learning formats and a successful digital transformation.}, author = {Hein, Rebecca Magdalena and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering}, keywords = {coteach}, number = 2, pages = {117-145}, title = {A Systematic Review of Foreign Language Learning with Immersive Technologies (2001-2020)}, volume = 5, year = 2021 }
• IT-Supported request management for clinical radiology: Analyzing the Radiological Order Workflow through Contextual Interviews. Krop, Philipp; Straka, Samantha; Ullrich, Melanie; Ertl, Maximilian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Mensch und Computer 2021 (MuC ’21), September 5-8, 2021, Ingolstadt, Germany, S. 1–7. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Requests for radiological examinations in large medical facilities are a distributed and complex process with potential health-related risks for patients. A user-centered qualitative analysis with contextual interviews uncovered nine core problems, which hinder work efficiency and patient care: (1) Difficulties to access patient data & requests, (2) the large number of phone calls, (3) restricted & abused access rights, (4) request status difficult to track, (5) paper notes used for patient data, (6) lack of assistance for data entry, (7) frustration through documentation, (8) IT-systems not self-explanatory, and (9) conflict between physicians and radiologists.Contextual interviews were found to be a well fitting method to analyze and understand this complex process with multiple user roles. This analysis showed that there is room for improvement in the underlying IT systems, workflows and infrastructure. Our data gave useful insight into solutions to these problems and how we can use technology to improve all aspects of the request management. We are currently addressing those issues with a user-centered design process to design and implement a mobile application, which we will present in future work.

  @inproceedings{kropstraka21, abstract = {Requests for radiological examinations in large medical facilities are a distributed and complex process with potential health-related risks for patients. A user-centered qualitative analysis with contextual interviews uncovered nine core problems, which hinder work efficiency and patient care: (1) Difficulties to access patient data & requests, (2) the large number of phone calls, (3) restricted & abused access rights, (4) request status difficult to track, (5) paper notes used for patient data, (6) lack of assistance for data entry, (7) frustration through documentation, (8) IT-systems not self-explanatory, and (9) conflict between physicians and radiologists.Contextual interviews were found to be a well fitting method to analyze and understand this complex process with multiple user roles. This analysis showed that there is room for improvement in the underlying IT systems, workflows and infrastructure. Our data gave useful insight into solutions to these problems and how we can use technology to improve all aspects of the request management. We are currently addressing those issues with a user-centered design process to design and implement a mobile application, which we will present in future work.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Krop, Philipp and Straka, Samantha and Ullrich, Melanie and Ertl, Maximilian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2021 (MuC '21), September 5-8, 2021, Ingolstadt, Germany}, keywords = {latoschik}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {IT-Supported request management for clinical radiology: Analyzing the Radiological Order Workflow through Contextual Interviews}, year = 2021 }
• Using Hand Tracking and Voice Commands to Physically Align Virtual Surfaces in AR for Handwriting and Sketching with HoloLens 2. Kern, Florian; Keser, Thore; Niebling, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’21, S. 1–3. Association for Computing Machinery, Osaka, Japan, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  In this paper, we adapt an existing VR framework for handwriting and sketching on physically aligned virtual surfaces to AR environments using the Microsoft HoloLens 2. We demonstrate a multimodal input metaphor to control the framework’s calibration features using hand tracking and voice commands. Our technical evaluation of fingertip/surface accuracy and precision on physical tables and walls is in line with existing measurements on comparable hardware, albeit considerably lower compared to previous work using controller-based VR devices. We discuss design considerations and the benefits of our unified input metaphor suitable for controller tracking and hand tracking systems. We encourage extensions and replication by providing a publicly available reference implementation (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss-hololens).

  @inproceedings{kern2021using, abstract = {In this paper, we adapt an existing VR framework for handwriting and sketching on physically aligned virtual surfaces to AR environments using the Microsoft HoloLens 2. We demonstrate a multimodal input metaphor to control the framework’s calibration features using hand tracking and voice commands. Our technical evaluation of fingertip/surface accuracy and precision on physical tables and walls is in line with existing measurements on comparable hardware, albeit considerably lower compared to previous work using controller-based VR devices. We discuss design considerations and the benefits of our unified input metaphor suitable for controller tracking and hand tracking systems. We encourage extensions and replication by providing a publicly available reference implementation (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss-hololens).}, address = {Osaka, Japan}, author = {Kern, Florian and Keser, Thore and Niebling, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {niebling}, note = {Best poster award. 🏆}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '21}, title = {Using Hand Tracking and Voice Commands to Physically Align Virtual Surfaces in AR for Handwriting and Sketching with HoloLens 2}, year = 2021 }
• Comparing a Robotic Storyteller versus Audio Book with Integration of Sound Effects and Background Music. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021), C. Bethel, A. Paiva, E. Broadbent, D. Feil-Seifer, D. Szafir (Hrsg.). ACM, 2021.
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  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Steinhaeusser_2021, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021)}, editor = {Bethel, Cindy and Paiva, Ana and Broadbent, Elizabeth and Feil-Seifer, David and Szafir, Daniel}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Comparing a Robotic Storyteller versus Audio Book with Integration of Sound Effects and Background Music}, year = 2021 }
• Predicting Influential Higher-Order Patterns in Temporal Network Data. Gote, Christoph; Perri, Vincenzo; Scholtes, Ingo. In CoRR, abs/2107.12100. 2021.
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  @article{journals/corr/abs-2107-12100, author = {Gote, Christoph and Perri, Vincenzo and Scholtes, Ingo}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Predicting Influential Higher-Order Patterns in Temporal Network Data.}, volume = {abs/2107.12100}, year = 2021 }
• Recommendations for Data-Driven Degradation Estimation with Case Studies from Manufacturing and Dry-Bulk Shipping. Finke, Nils; Mohr, Marisa; Lontke, Alexander; Züfle, Marwin; Kounev, Samuel; Möller, Ralf. In Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), S. 189–204. Springer, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{finke2021recommendations, author = {Finke, Nils and Mohr, Marisa and Lontke, Alexander and Z{\"u}fle, Marwin and Kounev, Samuel and M{\"o}ller, Ralf}, booktitle = {Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS)}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, organization = {Springer}, pages = {189–204}, title = {Recommendations for Data-Driven Degradation Estimation with Case Studies from Manufacturing and Dry-Bulk Shipping}, year = 2021 }
• The Semantic Web - ISWC 2021 - 20th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2021, Virtual Event, October 24-28, 2021, Proceedings. Hotho, Andreas; Blomqvist, Eva; Dietze, Stefan; Fokoue, Achille; Ding, Ying; Barnaghi, Payam M.; Haller, Armin; Dragoni, Mauro; Alani, Harith. In Bd. 12922 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2021.
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  @proceedings{DBLP:conf/semweb/2021, editor = {Hotho, Andreas and Blomqvist, Eva and Dietze, Stefan and Fokoue, Achille and Ding, Ying and Barnaghi, Payam M. and Haller, Armin and Dragoni, Mauro and Alani, Harith}, keywords = 2021, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {The Semantic Web - {ISWC} 2021 - 20th International Semantic Web Conference, {ISWC} 2021, Virtual Event, October 24-28, 2021, Proceedings}, volume = 12922, year = 2021 }
• Game-Ready Inventory Systems for Virtual Reality. Mußmann, Marc; Truman, Samuel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In IEEE COG 2021, 2021. 2021.
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  @article{mussmann2021gameready, author = {Mußmann, Marc and Truman, Samuel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {IEEE COG 2021}, keywords = {via-vr}, note = {Best student paper award 🏆}, title = {Game-Ready Inventory Systems for Virtual Reality}, volume = 2021, year = 2021 }
• A Case Study on Optimization of Platooning Coordination. Lesch, Veronika; Hadry, Marius; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. Universität Würzburg and Universität Hohenheim, 2021.
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  @techreport{lesch2021studyplatooning, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Hadry, Marius and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, institution = {Universit{ä}t W{ü}rzburg and Universit{ä}t Hohenheim}, keywords = {t_techreport}, title = {A Case Study on Optimization of Platooning Coordination}, year = 2021 }
• Towards Situation-Aware Meta-Optimization of Adaptation Planning Strategies. Lesch, Veronika; Noack, Tanja; Hefter, Johannes; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems - ACSOS 2021. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{lesch2021towards, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Noack, Tanja and Hefter, Johannes and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems - ACSOS 2021}, keywords = {internet_of_things}, note = {Best Paper Award Runner Up, Full Paper Acceptance Ratio: 25%}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Situation-Aware Meta-Optimization of Adaptation Planning Strategies}, year = 2021 }
• Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen in Virtual Reality - Ein Seminarkonzept für die Lehrkräfteausbildung im Fach Englisch. Hein, Rebecca M; Steinbock, Jeanine; Eisenmann, Maria; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In In: Söbke, H. & Weise, M. (Hrsg.), Wettbewerbsband AVRiL 2021, S. 34–39. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Inter- und transkulturelle Kompetenzen sind zentrale Elemente einer aktiven Teilhabe in einer modernen Gesellschaft. Die Fremdsprachenforschung setzt sich im Kontext der Digitalisierung mit neuen Konzepten zum Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen im Fremdsprachenunterricht auseinander. Eine Zusammenarbeit mit der HCI-Forschung zum Einsatz von social VR im Klassenzimmer lässt auf einen positiven Erkenntnisgewinn schließen. So lautet die zentrale Forschungshypothese, dass vollimmersive Lernumgebungen verstärkt inter- und transkulturelle Lernprozesse fördern, weil Lernende VR-Welten nicht nur betrachten, sondern innerhalb dieser selbstwirksam interagieren und das Umfeld eigenständig manipulieren können. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein Seminarkonzept entwickelt, in dem Lehramtsstudierende für das Fach Englisch inter- und transkulturelle Lehr/Lernszenarien in VR konzipieren, die sie dann in ihrer Unterrichtspraxis einsetzen können. So lernen Studierende das Potenzial von VR nicht nur kennen, sondern ebenso dieses unterrichtlich umzusetzen.

  @article{hein2021inter, abstract = {Inter- und transkulturelle Kompetenzen sind zentrale Elemente einer aktiven Teilhabe in einer modernen Gesellschaft. Die Fremdsprachenforschung setzt sich im Kontext der Digitalisierung mit neuen Konzepten zum Erwerb dieser Kompetenzen im Fremdsprachenunterricht auseinander. Eine Zusammenarbeit mit der HCI-Forschung zum Einsatz von social VR im Klassenzimmer lässt auf einen positiven Erkenntnisgewinn schließen. So lautet die zentrale Forschungshypothese, dass vollimmersive Lernumgebungen verstärkt inter- und transkulturelle Lernprozesse fördern, weil Lernende VR-Welten nicht nur betrachten, sondern innerhalb dieser selbstwirksam interagieren und das Umfeld eigenständig manipulieren können. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein Seminarkonzept entwickelt, in dem Lehramtsstudierende für das Fach Englisch inter- und transkulturelle Lehr/Lernszenarien in VR konzipieren, die sie dann in ihrer Unterrichtspraxis einsetzen können. So lernen Studierende das Potenzial von VR nicht nur kennen, sondern ebenso dieses unterrichtlich umzusetzen.}, author = {Hein, Rebecca M and Steinbock, Jeanine and Eisenmann, Maria and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {In: Söbke, H. & Weise, M. (Hrsg.), Wettbewerbsband AVRiL 2021}, keywords = {c.wienrich}, pages = {34-39}, title = {Inter- und Transkulturelles Lernen in Virtual Reality - Ein Seminarkonzept für die Lehrkräfteausbildung im Fach Englisch}, year = 2021 }
• Virtual Body Ownership Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli. Gall, Dominik; Roth, Daniel; Stauffert, Jan-Philipp; Zarges, Julian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Psychology - Cognitive Science, 12, S. R. DiPaola; U. Bernardet; J. Gratch (Hrsg.), S. 3833. 2021.
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  Modulating emotional responses to virtual stimuli is a fundamental goal of many immersive interactive applications. In this study, we leverage the illusion of illusory embodiment and show that owning a virtual body provides means to modulate emotional responses. In a single-factor repeated-measures experiment, we manipulated the degree of illusory embodiment and assessed the emotional responses to virtual stimuli. We presented emotional stimuli in the same environment as the virtual body. Participants experienced higher arousal, dominance, and more intense valence in the high embodiment condition compared to the low embodiment condition. The illusion of embodiment thus intensifies the emotional processing of the virtual environment. This result suggests that artificial bodies can increase the effectiveness of immersive applications psychotherapy, entertainment, computer-mediated social interactions, or health applications.

  @article{gall2021virtual, abstract = {Modulating emotional responses to virtual stimuli is a fundamental goal of many immersive interactive applications. In this study, we leverage the illusion of illusory embodiment and show that owning a virtual body provides means to modulate emotional responses. In a single-factor repeated-measures experiment, we manipulated the degree of illusory embodiment and assessed the emotional responses to virtual stimuli. We presented emotional stimuli in the same environment as the virtual body. Participants experienced higher arousal, dominance, and more intense valence in the high embodiment condition compared to the low embodiment condition. The illusion of embodiment thus intensifies the emotional processing of the virtual environment. This result suggests that artificial bodies can increase the effectiveness of immersive applications psychotherapy, entertainment, computer-mediated social interactions, or health applications.}, author = {Gall, Dominik and Roth, Daniel and Stauffert, Jan-Philipp and Zarges, Julian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, editor = {DiPaola, Steve Richard and Bernardet, Ulysses and Gratch, Jonathan}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology - Cognitive Science}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 3833, title = {Virtual Body Ownership Intensifies Emotional Responses to Virtual Stimuli}, volume = 12, year = 2021 }
• Interactive Self-Assembling Agent Ensembles. Truman, Samuel; von Mammen, Sebastian. In Proceedings of the 1st Games Technology Summit, S. 29–36. Würzburg University Press, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{Truman:2021ad, author = {Truman, Samuel and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Games Technology Summit}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {29–36}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, title = {Interactive Self-Assembling Agent Ensembles}, year = 2021 }
• Challenges and Opportunities of Immersive Technologies for Mindfulness Meditation: A Systematic Review. Döllinger, Nina; Wienrich, Carolin; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 29. 2021.
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  Mindfulness is considered an important factor of an individual's subjective well-being. Consequently, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has investigated approaches that strengthen mindfulness, i.e., by inventing multimedia technologies to support mindfulness meditation. These approaches often use smartphones, tablets, or consumer-grade desktop systems to allow everyday usage in users' private lives or in the scope of organized therapies. Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR; in short: XR) significantly extend the design space for such approaches. XR covers a wide range of potential sensory stimulation, perceptive and cognitive manipulations, content presentation, interaction, and agency. These facilities are linked to typical XR-specific perceptions that are conceptually closely related to mindfulness research, such as (virtual) presence and (virtual) embodiment. However, a successful exploitation of XR that strengthens mindfulness requires a systematic analysis of the potential interrelation and influencing mechanisms between XR technology, its properties, factors, and phenomena and existing models and theories of the construct of mindfulness. This article reports such a systematic analysis of XR-related research from HCI and life sciences to determine the extent to which existing research frameworks on HCI and mindfulness can be applied to XR technologies, the potential of XR technologies to support mindfulness, and open research gaps. Fifty papers of ACM Digital Library and National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (PubMed) with and without empirical efficacy evaluation were included in our analysis. The results reveal that at the current time, empirical research on XR-based mindfulness support mainly focuses on therapy and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, most of the currently investigated XR-supported mindfulness interactions are limited to vocally guided meditations within nature-inspired virtual environments. While an analysis of empirical research on those systems did not reveal differences in mindfulness compared to non-mediated mindfulness practices, various design proposals illustrate that XR has the potential to provide interactive and body-based innovations for mindfulness practice. We propose a structured approach for future work to specify and further explore the potential of XR as mindfulness-support. The resulting framework provides design guidelines for XR-based mindfulness support based on the elements and psychological mechanisms of XR interactions.

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2021.644683, abstract = {Mindfulness is considered an important factor of an individual's subjective well-being. Consequently, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has investigated approaches that strengthen mindfulness, i.e., by inventing multimedia technologies to support mindfulness meditation. These approaches often use smartphones, tablets, or consumer-grade desktop systems to allow everyday usage in users' private lives or in the scope of organized therapies. Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR; in short: XR) significantly extend the design space for such approaches. XR covers a wide range of potential sensory stimulation, perceptive and cognitive manipulations, content presentation, interaction, and agency. These facilities are linked to typical XR-specific perceptions that are conceptually closely related to mindfulness research, such as (virtual) presence and (virtual) embodiment. However, a successful exploitation of XR that strengthens mindfulness requires a systematic analysis of the potential interrelation and influencing mechanisms between XR technology, its properties, factors, and phenomena and existing models and theories of the construct of mindfulness. This article reports such a systematic analysis of XR-related research from HCI and life sciences to determine the extent to which existing research frameworks on HCI and mindfulness can be applied to XR technologies, the potential of XR technologies to support mindfulness, and open research gaps. Fifty papers of ACM Digital Library and National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (PubMed) with and without empirical efficacy evaluation were included in our analysis. The results reveal that at the current time, empirical research on XR-based mindfulness support mainly focuses on therapy and therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, most of the currently investigated XR-supported mindfulness interactions are limited to vocally guided meditations within nature-inspired virtual environments. While an analysis of empirical research on those systems did not reveal differences in mindfulness compared to non-mediated mindfulness practices, various design proposals illustrate that XR has the potential to provide interactive and body-based innovations for mindfulness practice. We propose a structured approach for future work to specify and further explore the potential of XR as mindfulness-support. The resulting framework provides design guidelines for XR-based mindfulness support based on the elements and psychological mechanisms of XR interactions.}, author = {Döllinger, Nina and Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {vitras}, pages = 29, title = {Challenges and Opportunities of Immersive Technologies for Mindfulness Meditation: A Systematic Review}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Training a Reinforcement Learning Agent based on XCS in a Competitive Snake Environment. Büttner, Johannes; Von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–5. 2021.
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  @inproceedings{Buttner:2021aa, author = {B{\"u}ttner, Johannes and Von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-5}, title = {Training a Reinforcement Learning Agent based on XCS in a Competitive Snake Environment}, year = 2021 }
• A Systematic Review of Physiological Measurements, Factors, Methods, and Applications in Virtual Reality. Halbig, Andreas; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 89. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Measurements of physiological parameters provide an objective, often non-intrusive, and (at least semi-)automatic evaluation and utilization of user behavior. In addition, specific hardware devices of Virtual Reality (VR) often ship with built-in sensors, i.e. eye-tracking and movements sensors. Hence, the combination of physiological measurements and VR applications seems promising. Several approaches have investigated the applicability and benefits of this combination for various fields of applications. However, the range of possible application fields, coupled with potentially useful and beneficial physiological parameters, types of sensor, target variables and factors, and analysis approaches and techniques is manifold. This article provides a systematic overview and an extensive state-of-the-art review of the usage of physiological measurements in VR. We identified 1,119 works that make use of physiological measurements in VR. Within these, we identified 32 approaches that focus on the classification of characteristics of experience, common in VR applications. The first part of this review categorizes the 1,119 works by field of application, i.e. therapy, training, entertainment, and communication and interaction, as well as by the specific target factors and variables measured by the physiological parameters. An additional category summarizes general VR approaches applicable to all specific fields of application since they target typical VR qualities. In the second part of this review, we analyze the target factors and variables regarding the respective methods used for an automatic analysis and, potentially, classification. For example, we highlight which measurement setups have been proven to be sensitive enough to distinguish different levels of arousal, valence, anxiety, stress, or cognitive workload in the virtual realm. This work may prove useful for all researchers wanting to use physiological data in VR and who want to have a good overview of prior approaches taken, their benefits and potential drawbacks.

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2021.694567, abstract = {Measurements of physiological parameters provide an objective, often non-intrusive, and (at least semi-)automatic evaluation and utilization of user behavior. In addition, specific hardware devices of Virtual Reality (VR) often ship with built-in sensors, i.e. eye-tracking and movements sensors. Hence, the combination of physiological measurements and VR applications seems promising. Several approaches have investigated the applicability and benefits of this combination for various fields of applications. However, the range of possible application fields, coupled with potentially useful and beneficial physiological parameters, types of sensor, target variables and factors, and analysis approaches and techniques is manifold. This article provides a systematic overview and an extensive state-of-the-art review of the usage of physiological measurements in VR. We identified 1,119 works that make use of physiological measurements in VR. Within these, we identified 32 approaches that focus on the classification of characteristics of experience, common in VR applications. The first part of this review categorizes the 1,119 works by field of application, i.e. therapy, training, entertainment, and communication and interaction, as well as by the specific target factors and variables measured by the physiological parameters. An additional category summarizes general VR approaches applicable to all specific fields of application since they target typical VR qualities. In the second part of this review, we analyze the target factors and variables regarding the respective methods used for an automatic analysis and, potentially, classification. For example, we highlight which measurement setups have been proven to be sensitive enough to distinguish different levels of arousal, valence, anxiety, stress, or cognitive workload in the virtual realm. This work may prove useful for all researchers wanting to use physiological data in VR and who want to have a good overview of prior approaches taken, their benefits and potential drawbacks.}, author = {Halbig, Andreas and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {via-vr}, pages = 89, title = {A Systematic Review of Physiological Measurements, Factors, Methods, and Applications in Virtual Reality}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Adjacency Graphs of Polyhedral Surfaces. Arseneva, Elena; Kleist, Linda; Klemz, Boris; Löffler, Maarten; Schulz, André; Vogtenhuber, Birgit; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 37th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG’21), Bd. 189 von LIPIcs, K. Buchin, Éric Colin de Verdière (Hrsg.), S. 11:1–17. Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{akklsvw-dgps-SoCG21, author = {Arseneva, Elena and Kleist, Linda and Klemz, Boris and Löffler, Maarten and Schulz, André and Vogtenhuber, Birgit and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 37th Annu. Sympos. Comput. Geom. (SoCG'21)}, editor = {Buchin, Kevin and {Colin de Verdière}, Éric}, keywords = {realizability}, pages = {11:1–17}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, series = {LIPIcs}, title = {Adjacency Graphs of Polyhedral Surfaces}, volume = 189, year = 2021 }
• Enchanted by Your Surrounding? Measuring the Effects of Immersion and Design of Virtual Environments on Decision-Making. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Heidrich, David; Birnstiel, Sandra; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 101. 2021.
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  Impaired decision-making leads to the inability to distinguish between advantageous and disadvantageous choices. The impairment of a person’s decision-making is a common goal of gambling games. Given the recent trend of gambling using immersive Virtual Reality it is crucial to investigate the effects of both immersion and the virtual environment (VE) on decision-making. In a novel user study, we measured decision-making using three virtual versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The versions differed with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the virtual environment. While emotions affect decision-making, we further measured the positive and negative affect of participants. A higher visual angle on a stimulus leads to an increased emotional response. Thus, we kept the visual angle on the Iowa Gambling Task the same between our conditions. Our results revealed no significant impact of immersion or the VE on the IGT. We further found no significant difference between the conditions with regard to positive and negative affect. This suggests that neither the medium used nor the design of the VE causes an impairment of decision-making. However, in combination with a recent study, we provide first evidence that a higher visual angle on the IGT leads to an effect of impairment.

  @article{oberdorfer2021enchanted, abstract = {Impaired decision-making leads to the inability to distinguish between advantageous and disadvantageous choices. The impairment of a person’s decision-making is a common goal of gambling games. Given the recent trend of gambling using immersive Virtual Reality it is crucial to investigate the effects of both immersion and the virtual environment (VE) on decision-making. In a novel user study, we measured decision-making using three virtual versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The versions differed with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the virtual environment. While emotions affect decision-making, we further measured the positive and negative affect of participants. A higher visual angle on a stimulus leads to an increased emotional response. Thus, we kept the visual angle on the Iowa Gambling Task the same between our conditions. Our results revealed no significant impact of immersion or the VE on the IGT. We further found no significant difference between the conditions with regard to positive and negative affect. This suggests that neither the medium used nor the design of the VE causes an impairment of decision-making. However, in combination with a recent study, we provide first evidence that a higher visual angle on the IGT leads to an effect of impairment.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Heidrich, David and Birnstiel, Sandra and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {dark-sides-vr}, pages = 101, title = {Enchanted by Your Surrounding? Measuring the Effects of Immersion and Design of Virtual Environments on Decision-Making}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Comparing Methods to Visualize Orientation of Photographs: A User Study. Bruschke, Jonas; Wacker, Markus; Niebling, Florian. In Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries, F. Niebling, S. Münster, H. Messemer (Hrsg.), S. 129–151. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  We present methods to visualize characteristics in collections of historical photographs, especially focusing on the presentation of spatial position and orientation of photographs in relation to the buildings they depict. The developed methods were evaluated and compared in a user study focusing on their appropriateness to gain insight into specific research questions of art historians: 1) which buildings have been depicted most often in a collection of images, 2) which positions have been preferred by photographers to take pictures of a given building, 3) what is the main perspective of photographers regarding a specific building. To analyze spatial datasets of photographs, we have adapted related methods used in the visualization of fluid dynamics. As these existing visualization methods are not suitable in all photographic situations---especially when a multitude of photographs are pointing into diverging directions---we have developed additional cluster-based approaches that aim to overcome these issues. Our user study shows that the introduced cluster-based visualizations can elicit a better understanding of large photographic datasets concerning real-world research questions in certain situations, while performing comparably well in situations where existing methods are already adequate.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-93186-5_6, abstract = {We present methods to visualize characteristics in collections of historical photographs, especially focusing on the presentation of spatial position and orientation of photographs in relation to the buildings they depict. The developed methods were evaluated and compared in a user study focusing on their appropriateness to gain insight into specific research questions of art historians: 1) which buildings have been depicted most often in a collection of images, 2) which positions have been preferred by photographers to take pictures of a given building, 3) what is the main perspective of photographers regarding a specific building. To analyze spatial datasets of photographs, we have adapted related methods used in the visualization of fluid dynamics. As these existing visualization methods are not suitable in all photographic situations—especially when a multitude of photographs are pointing into diverging directions—we have developed additional cluster-based approaches that aim to overcome these issues. Our user study shows that the introduced cluster-based visualizations can elicit a better understanding of large photographic datasets concerning real-world research questions in certain situations, while performing comparably well in situations where existing methods are already adequate.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Bruschke, Jonas and Wacker, Markus and Niebling, Florian}, booktitle = {Research and Education in Urban History in the Age of Digital Libraries}, editor = {Niebling, Florian and Münster, Sander and Messemer, Heike}, keywords = {histstadt4d}, pages = {129–151}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Comparing Methods to Visualize Orientation of Photographs: A User Study}, year = 2021 }
• A Machine Learning-based Workflow for Automatic Detection of Anomalies in Machine Tools. Züfle, Marwin; Moog, Felix; Lesch, Veronika; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In ISA Transactions: The Journal of Automation. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Despite the increased sensor-based data collection in Industry 4.0, the practical use of this data is still in its infancy. In contrast, academic literature provides several approaches to detect machine failures but, in most cases, relies on simulations and vast amounts of training data. Since it is often not practical to collect such amounts of data in an industrial context, we propose an approach to detect the current production mode and machine degradation states on a comparably small data set. Our approach integrates domain knowledge about manufacturing systems into a highly generalizable end-to-end workflow ranging from raw data processing, phase segmentation, data resampling, and feature extraction to machine tool anomaly detection. The workflow applies unsupervised clustering techniques to identify the current production mode and supervised classification models for detecting the present degradation. A resampling strategy and classical machine learning models enable the workflow to handle small data sets and distinguish between normal and abnormal machine tool behavior. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no such end-to-end workflow in the literature that uses the entire machine signal as input to identify anomalies for individual tools. Our evaluation with data from a real multi-purpose machine shows that the proposed workflow detects anomalies with an average F1-score of almost 93%.

  @article{zuefle2021anomalydetection, abstract = {Despite the increased sensor-based data collection in Industry 4.0, the practical use of this data is still in its infancy. In contrast, academic literature provides several approaches to detect machine failures but, in most cases, relies on simulations and vast amounts of training data. Since it is often not practical to collect such amounts of data in an industrial context, we propose an approach to detect the current production mode and machine degradation states on a comparably small data set. Our approach integrates domain knowledge about manufacturing systems into a highly generalizable end-to-end workflow ranging from raw data processing, phase segmentation, data resampling, and feature extraction to machine tool anomaly detection. The workflow applies unsupervised clustering techniques to identify the current production mode and supervised classification models for detecting the present degradation. A resampling strategy and classical machine learning models enable the workflow to handle small data sets and distinguish between normal and abnormal machine tool behavior. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no such end-to-end workflow in the literature that uses the entire machine signal as input to identify anomalies for individual tools. Our evaluation with data from a real multi-purpose machine shows that the proposed workflow detects anomalies with an average F1-score of almost 93%.}, author = {Züfle, Marwin and Moog, Felix and Lesch, Veronika and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {ISA Transactions: The Journal of Automation}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, note = {(in press)}, title = {A Machine Learning-based Workflow for Automatic Detection of Anomalies in Machine Tools}, year = 2021 }
• The Influence of Avatar Embodiment on Time Perception - Towards VR for Time-Based Therapy. Unruh, Fabian; Landeck, Maximilian; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 71. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Psycho-pathological conditions, such as depression or schizophrenia, are often accompanied by a distorted perception of time. People suffering from this conditions often report that the passage of time slows down considerably and that they are ``stuck in time.'' Virtual Reality (VR) could potentially help to diagnose and maybe treat such mental conditions. However, the conditions in which a VR simulation could correctly diagnose a time perception deviation are still unknown. In this paper, we present an experiment investigating the difference in time experience with and without a virtual body in VR, also known as avatar. The process of substituting a person's body with a virtual body is called avatar embodiment. Numerous studies demonstrated interesting perceptual, emotional, behavioral, and psychological effects caused by avatar embodiment. However, the relations between time perception and avatar embodiment are still unclear. Whether or not the presence or absence of an avatar is already influencing time perception is still open to question. Therefore, we conducted a between-subjects design with and without avatar embodiment as well as a real condition (avatar vs. no-avatar vs. real). A group of 105 healthy subjects had to wait for seven and a half minutes in a room without any distractors (e.g., no window, magazine, people, decoration) or time indicators (e.g., clocks, sunlight). The virtual environment replicates the real physical environment. Participants were unaware that they will be asked to estimate their waiting time duration as well as describing their experience of the passage of time at a later stage. Our main finding shows that the presence of an avatar is leading to a significantly faster perceived passage of time. It seems to be promising to integrate avatar embodiment in future VR time-based therapy applications as they potentially could modulate a user's perception of the passage of time. We also found no significant difference in time perception between the real and the VR conditions (avatar, no-avatar), but further research is needed to better understand this outcome.

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2021.658509, abstract = {Psycho-pathological conditions, such as depression or schizophrenia, are often accompanied by a distorted perception of time. People suffering from this conditions often report that the passage of time slows down considerably and that they are ``stuck in time.'' Virtual Reality (VR) could potentially help to diagnose and maybe treat such mental conditions. However, the conditions in which a VR simulation could correctly diagnose a time perception deviation are still unknown. In this paper, we present an experiment investigating the difference in time experience with and without a virtual body in VR, also known as avatar. The process of substituting a person's body with a virtual body is called avatar embodiment. Numerous studies demonstrated interesting perceptual, emotional, behavioral, and psychological effects caused by avatar embodiment. However, the relations between time perception and avatar embodiment are still unclear. Whether or not the presence or absence of an avatar is already influencing time perception is still open to question. Therefore, we conducted a between-subjects design with and without avatar embodiment as well as a real condition (avatar vs. no-avatar vs. real). A group of 105 healthy subjects had to wait for seven and a half minutes in a room without any distractors (e.g., no window, magazine, people, decoration) or time indicators (e.g., clocks, sunlight). The virtual environment replicates the real physical environment. Participants were unaware that they will be asked to estimate their waiting time duration as well as describing their experience of the passage of time at a later stage. Our main finding shows that the presence of an avatar is leading to a significantly faster perceived passage of time. It seems to be promising to integrate avatar embodiment in future VR time-based therapy applications as they potentially could modulate a user's perception of the passage of time. We also found no significant difference in time perception between the real and the VR conditions (avatar, no-avatar), but further research is needed to better understand this outcome.}, author = {Unruh, Fabian and Landeck, Maximilian and Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, pages = 71, title = {The Influence of Avatar Embodiment on Time Perception - Towards VR for Time-Based Therapy}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Training a Reinforcement Learning Agent based on XCS in a Competitive Snake Environment. Büttner, Johannes; Von Mammen, Sebastian. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–5. 2021.
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  @inproceedings{Buttner:2021aa, author = {Büttner, Johannes and Von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-5}, title = {Training a Reinforcement Learning Agent based on XCS in a Competitive Snake Environment}, year = 2021 }
• Utilizing the Observer/Controller Architecture for a General Game AI. Büttner, Johannes. In Organic Computing: Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2021, S. Tomforde, C. Krupitzer (Hrsg.), S. 74–85. kassel university press, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @inbook{buttner2021utilizing, author = {Büttner, Johannes}, booktitle = {Organic Computing: Doctoral Dissertation Colloquium 2021}, editor = {Tomforde, Sven and Krupitzer, Christian}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {74–85}, publisher = {kassel university press}, title = {Utilizing the Observer/Controller Architecture for a General Game AI}, year = 2021 }
• Visualisation of Temporal Network Data via Time-Aware Static Representations with HOTVis. Perri, Vincenzo; Scholtes, Ingo. In WWW (Companion Volume), J. Leskovec, M. Grobelnik, M. Najork, J. Tang, L. Zia (Hrsg.), S. 533–534. ACM / IW3C2, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/www/PerriS21, author = {Perri, Vincenzo and Scholtes, Ingo}, booktitle = {WWW (Companion Volume)}, crossref = {conf/www/2021c}, editor = {Leskovec, Jure and Grobelnik, Marko and Najork, Marc and Tang, Jie and Zia, Leila}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {533-534}, publisher = {ACM / IW3C2}, title = {Visualisation of Temporal Network Data via Time-Aware Static Representations with HOTVis.}, year = 2021 }
• Analysis and Visualisation of Time Series Data on Networks with Pathpy. Hackl, Jürgen; Scholtes, Ingo; Petrovic, Luka V.; Perri, Vincenzo; Verginer, Luca; Gote, Christoph. In WWW (Companion Volume), J. Leskovec, M. Grobelnik, M. Najork, J. Tang, L. Zia (Hrsg.), S. 530–532. ACM / IW3C2, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{conf/www/HacklSPPVG21, author = {Hackl, Jürgen and Scholtes, Ingo and Petrovic, Luka V. and Perri, Vincenzo and Verginer, Luca and Gote, Christoph}, booktitle = {WWW (Companion Volume)}, crossref = {conf/www/2021c}, editor = {Leskovec, Jure and Grobelnik, Marko and Najork, Marc and Tang, Jie and Zia, Leila}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {530-532}, publisher = {ACM / IW3C2}, title = {Analysis and Visualisation of Time Series Data on Networks with Pathpy.}, year = 2021 }
• Towards Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Universities: A Field Study. Donnermann, Melissa; Schaper, Philipp; Lugrin, Birgit. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2021). Springer, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{donnermann2021towards, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {International Conference on Persuasive Technology (PERSUASIVE 2021)}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Towards Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Universities: A Field Study}, year = 2021 }
• A Structured Approach to Test the Signal Quality of Electroencephalography Measurements During Use of Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Reality Applications. Weber, Desirée; Hertweck, Stephan; Alwanni, Hisham; Fiederer, Lukas D. J.; Wang, Xi; Unruh, Fabian; Fischbach, Martin; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Ball, Tonio. In Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, S. 1527. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Joint applications of virtual reality (VR) systems and electroencephalography (EEG) offer numerous new possibilities ranging from behavioral science to therapy. VR systems allow for highly controlled experimental environments, while EEG offers a non-invasive window to brain activity with a millisecond-ranged temporal resolution. However, EEG measurements are highly susceptible to electromagnetic (EM) noise and the influence of EM noise of head-mounted-displays (HMDs) on EEG signal quality has not been conclusively investigated. In this paper, we propose a structured approach to test HMDs for EM noise potentially harmful to EEG measures. The approach verifies the impact of HMDs on the frequency- and time-domain of the EEG signal recorded in healthy subjects. The verification task includes a comparison of conditions with and without an HMD during (i) an eyes-open vs. eyes-closed task, and (ii) with respect to the sensory- evoked brain activity. The approach is developed and tested to derive potential effects of two commercial HMDs, the Oculus Rift and the HTC Vive Pro, on the quality of 64-channel EEG measurements. The results show that the HMDs consistently introduce artifacts, especially at the line hum of 50 Hz and the HMD refresh rate of 90 Hz, respectively, and their harmonics. The frequency range that is typically most important in non-invasive EEG research and applications (<50 Hz) however, remained largely unaffected. Hence, our findings demonstrate that high-quality EEG recordings, at least in the frequency range up to 50 Hz, can be obtained with the two tested HMDs. However, the number of commercially available HMDs is constantly rising. We strongly suggest to thoroughly test such devices upfront since each HMD will most likely have its own EM footprint and this article provides a structured approach to implement such tests with arbitrary devices.

  @article{weber2021structured, abstract = {Joint applications of virtual reality (VR) systems and electroencephalography (EEG) offer numerous new possibilities ranging from behavioral science to therapy. VR systems allow for highly controlled experimental environments, while EEG offers a non-invasive window to brain activity with a millisecond-ranged temporal resolution. However, EEG measurements are highly susceptible to electromagnetic (EM) noise and the influence of EM noise of head-mounted-displays (HMDs) on EEG signal quality has not been conclusively investigated. In this paper, we propose a structured approach to test HMDs for EM noise potentially harmful to EEG measures. The approach verifies the impact of HMDs on the frequency- and time-domain of the EEG signal recorded in healthy subjects. The verification task includes a comparison of conditions with and without an HMD during (i) an eyes-open vs. eyes-closed task, and (ii) with respect to the sensory- evoked brain activity. The approach is developed and tested to derive potential effects of two commercial HMDs, the Oculus Rift and the HTC Vive Pro, on the quality of 64-channel EEG measurements. The results show that the HMDs consistently introduce artifacts, especially at the line hum of 50 Hz and the HMD refresh rate of 90 Hz, respectively, and their harmonics. The frequency range that is typically most important in non-invasive EEG research and applications (<50 Hz) however, remained largely unaffected. Hence, our findings demonstrate that high-quality EEG recordings, at least in the frequency range up to 50 Hz, can be obtained with the two tested HMDs. However, the number of commercially available HMDs is constantly rising. We strongly suggest to thoroughly test such devices upfront since each HMD will most likely have its own EM footprint and this article provides a structured approach to implement such tests with arbitrary devices.}, author = {Weber, Desirée and Hertweck, Stephan and Alwanni, Hisham and Fiederer, Lukas D. J. and Wang, Xi and Unruh, Fabian and Fischbach, Martin and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Ball, Tonio}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience}, keywords = {hci-uwb}, pages = 1527, title = {A Structured Approach to Test the Signal Quality of Electroencephalography Measurements During Use of Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Reality Applications}, volume = 15, year = 2021 }
• Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze. Madeira, Octávia; Gromer, Daniel; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Pauli, Paul. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 19. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e. animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed versus the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behavior is conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety, but also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for five minutes. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of common handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, but an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia and sensation seeking no effect was detected. In addition, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for a cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite of the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.

  @article{madeira2021effects, abstract = {The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) is a well-established apparatus to measure anxiety in rodents, i.e. animals exhibiting an increased relative time spent in the closed versus the open arms are considered anxious. To examine whether such anxiety-modulated behavior is conserved in humans, we re-translated this paradigm to a human setting using virtual reality in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) system. In two studies, we examined whether the EPM exploration behavior of humans is modulated by their trait anxiety, but also assessed the individuals’ levels of acrophobia (fear of height), claustrophobia (fear of confined spaces), sensation seeking and the reported anxiety when on the maze. First, we constructed an exact virtual copy of the animal EPM adjusted to human proportions. In analogy to animal EPM studies, participants (N = 30) freely explored the EPM for five minutes. In the second study (N = 61), we redesigned the EPM to make it more human-adapted and to differentiate influences of trait anxiety and acrophobia by introducing various floor textures and lower walls of closed arms to the height of common handrails. In the first experiment, hierarchical regression analyses of exploration behavior revealed the expected association between open arm avoidance and Trait Anxiety, but an even stronger association with acrophobic fear. In the second study, results revealed that acrophobia was associated with avoidance of open arms with mesh-floor texture, whereas for trait anxiety, claustrophobia and sensation seeking no effect was detected. In addition, subjects’ fear rating was moderated by all psychometrics but trait anxiety. In sum, both studies consistently indicate that humans show no general open arm avoidance analogous to rodents and that human EPM behavior is modulated strongest by acrophobic fear, whereas trait anxiety plays a subordinate role. Thus, we conclude that the criteria for a cross-species validity are met insufficiently in this case. Despite of the exploratory nature, our studies provide in-depth insights into human exploration behavior on the virtual EPM.}, author = {Madeira, Octávia and Gromer, Daniel and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Pauli, Paul}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {myown}, pages = 19, title = {Effects of Acrophobic Fear and Trait Anxiety on Human Behavior in a Virtual Elevated Plus-Maze}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Peer group supervision in Zoom and social VR-Preparing preservice teachers for planning and designing digital media integrated classes. Ripka, Gabriela; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In EdMedia+ Innovate Learning, S. 602–616. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  21-century challenges demand a change towards collaborative and constructive seminar designs in initial teacher education regarding preservice teachers acquiring meta-conceptual awareness (TPACK) about how to implement emerging technologies in their future profession. Against this background the paper addresses the following research questions: 1) How should a pedagogical concept for remote initial teacher education be designed to promote metacognitive learning processes of preservice teachers? 2) How do preservice teachers perceive these learning processes in video-based communication and social VR? Regarding the pedagogical concept, peer group supervision and an action-and development-oriented approach using Zoom and social VR were identified as relevant for an instructional design that provides collaborative and constructive learning processes for students. In this exploratory study, 17 students participated in two iterative cycles of peer group supervision performing design tasks in groups. A content analysis of reflective video statements and qualitative group interviews was carried out using a qualitative research design. Results indicate the successful implementation of peer group supervision. Regarding media's implementation, Zoom's screen-sharing option and breakout session benefitted the consultation process as well as social VR's "realistic" experience of creating a "sense of community".

  @inproceedings{ripka2021peer, abstract = {21-century challenges demand a change towards collaborative and constructive seminar designs in initial teacher education regarding preservice teachers acquiring meta-conceptual awareness (TPACK) about how to implement emerging technologies in their future profession. Against this background the paper addresses the following research questions: 1) How should a pedagogical concept for remote initial teacher education be designed to promote metacognitive learning processes of preservice teachers? 2) How do preservice teachers perceive these learning processes in video-based communication and social VR? Regarding the pedagogical concept, peer group supervision and an action-and development-oriented approach using Zoom and social VR were identified as relevant for an instructional design that provides collaborative and constructive learning processes for students. In this exploratory study, 17 students participated in two iterative cycles of peer group supervision performing design tasks in groups. A content analysis of reflective video statements and qualitative group interviews was carried out using a qualitative research design. Results indicate the successful implementation of peer group supervision. Regarding media's implementation, Zoom's screen-sharing option and breakout session benefitted the consultation process as well as social VR's "realistic" experience of creating a "sense of community".}, author = {Ripka, Gabriela and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {EdMedia+ Innovate Learning}, keywords = {myown}, organization = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, pages = {602-616}, title = {Peer group supervision in Zoom and social VR-Preparing preservice teachers for planning and designing digital media integrated classes}, year = 2021 }
• Motivating Interactive Self-Organisation. von Mammen, Sebastian. In Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop 2020 and 2021. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{Mammen:2021ab, author = {von Mammen, Sebastian}, journal = {Lifelike Computing Systems Workshop 2020 and 2021}, keywords = {myown}, title = {Motivating Interactive Self-Organisation}, year = 2021 }
• 3D Printing an Accessory Dock for XR Controllers and its Exemplary Use as XR Stylus. Kern, Florian; Popp, Matthias; Kullmann, Peter; Ganal, Elisabeth; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, von VRST ’21, S. 1–3. Association for Computing Machinery, Osaka, Japan, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This article introduces the accessory dock, a 3D printed multipurpose extension for consumer-grade XR controllers that enables flexible mounting of self-made and commercial accessories. The uniform design of our concept opens new opportunities for XR systems being used for more diverse purposes, e.g., researchers and practitioners could use and compare arbitrary XR controllers within their experiments while ensuring access to buttons and battery housing. As a first example, we present a stylus tip accessory to build an XR Stylus, which can be directly used with frameworks for handwriting, sketching, and UI interaction on physically aligned virtual surfaces. For new XR controllers, we provide instructions on how to adjust the accessory dock to the controller’s form factor. A video tutorial for the construction and the source files for 3D printing are publicly available for reuse, replication, and extension (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss-accessory-dock).

  @inproceedings{kern2021printing, abstract = {This article introduces the accessory dock, a 3D printed multipurpose extension for consumer-grade XR controllers that enables flexible mounting of self-made and commercial accessories. The uniform design of our concept opens new opportunities for XR systems being used for more diverse purposes, e.g., researchers and practitioners could use and compare arbitrary XR controllers within their experiments while ensuring access to buttons and battery housing. As a first example, we present a stylus tip accessory to build an XR Stylus, which can be directly used with frameworks for handwriting, sketching, and UI interaction on physically aligned virtual surfaces. For new XR controllers, we provide instructions on how to adjust the accessory dock to the controller’s form factor. A video tutorial for the construction and the source files for 3D printing are publicly available for reuse, replication, and extension (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss-accessory-dock).}, address = {Osaka, Japan}, author = {Kern, Florian and Popp, Matthias and Kullmann, Peter and Ganal, Elisabeth and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {vilearn}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {VRST '21}, title = {3D Printing an Accessory Dock for XR Controllers and its Exemplary Use as XR Stylus}, year = 2021 }
• Immersive virtual reality during gait rehabilitation increases walking speed and motivation: A usability evaluation with healthy participants and patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke. Winter, Carla; Kern, Florian; Gall, Dominik; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Pauli, Paul; Käthner, Ivo. In Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 18(68). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
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  Background. The rehabilitation of gait disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke patients is often based on conventional treadmill training. Virtual reality (VR)-based treadmill training can increase motivation and improve therapy outcomes. Objective. The present study aimed at (1) demonstrating the feasibility and acceptance of an immersive virtual reality application (presented via head-mounted display, HMD) for gait rehabilitation with patients, and (2) compare its effects to a semi-immersive presentation (via a monitor) and a conventional treadmill training without VR. Methods and results. 36 healthy participants and 14 persons with MS or stroke participated in each of the three experimental conditions. For both groups, the walking speed in the HMD condition was higher than in treadmill training without VR. Healthy participants reported a higher motivation after the HMD condition as compared with the other conditions. Importantly, no side effects in the sense of simulator sickness occurred and usability ratings were high. Most of the healthy study participants (89 %) and patients (71 %) preferred the HMD-based training among the three conditions and most patients could imagine using it more frequently. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the feasibility of combining a treadmill training with immersive VR. Due to its high usability and low side effects, the immersive system could serve as a valid alternative to conventional treadmill training in gait rehabilitation. It might be particularly suited for patients to improve training motivation and training outcome e. g. the walking speed compared with treadmill training using no or only semi-immersive VR.

  @article{winter2021immersive, abstract = {Background. The rehabilitation of gait disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke patients is often based on conventional treadmill training. Virtual reality (VR)-based treadmill training can increase motivation and improve therapy outcomes. Objective. The present study aimed at (1) demonstrating the feasibility and acceptance of an immersive virtual reality application (presented via head-mounted display, HMD) for gait rehabilitation with patients, and (2) compare its effects to a semi-immersive presentation (via a monitor) and a conventional treadmill training without VR. Methods and results. 36 healthy participants and 14 persons with MS or stroke participated in each of the three experimental conditions. For both groups, the walking speed in the HMD condition was higher than in treadmill training without VR. Healthy participants reported a higher motivation after the HMD condition as compared with the other conditions. Importantly, no side effects in the sense of simulator sickness occurred and usability ratings were high. Most of the healthy study participants (89 %) and patients (71 %) preferred the HMD-based training among the three conditions and most patients could imagine using it more frequently. Conclusion. The study demonstrated the feasibility of combining a treadmill training with immersive VR. Due to its high usability and low side effects, the immersive system could serve as a valid alternative to conventional treadmill training in gait rehabilitation. It might be particularly suited for patients to improve training motivation and training outcome e. g. the walking speed compared with treadmill training using no or only semi-immersive VR.}, author = {Winter, Carla and Kern, Florian and Gall, Dominik and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Pauli, Paul and Käthner, Ivo}, journal = {Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation}, keywords = {homecoming}, number = 68, title = {Immersive virtual reality during gait rehabilitation increases walking speed and motivation: A usability evaluation with healthy participants and patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke}, volume = 18, year = 2021 }
• Consistent Simplification of Polyline Tree Bundles. Bosch, Yannick; Schäfer, Peter; Spoerhase, Joachim; Storandt, Sabine; Zink, Johannes. In Proc. 27th International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON’21). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{bosch-etal21:polyline-simplification, author = {Bosch, Yannick and Schäfer, Peter and Spoerhase, Joachim and Storandt, Sabine and Zink, Johannes}, booktitle = {Proc. 27th International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON'21)}, keywords = {graph}, note = {to appear}, title = {Consistent Simplification of Polyline Tree Bundles}, year = 2021 }
• Using the Metro-Map Metaphor for Drawing Hypergraphs. Frank, Fabian; Kaufmann, Michael; Kobourov, Stephen; Mchedlidze, Tamara; Pupyrev, Sergey; Ueckerdt, Torsten; Wolff, Alexander. In Proc. 47th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory & Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM’21), Bd. 12607 von Lecture Notes in Computer Science, T. Bureš, R. Dondi, J. Gamper, G. Guerrini, T. Jurdziński, C. Pahl, F. Sikora, P. Wong (Hrsg.), S. 361–372. Springer-Verlag, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{fkkmpuw-ummmdh-SOFSEM21, author = {Frank, Fabian and Kaufmann, Michael and Kobourov, Stephen and Mchedlidze, Tamara and Pupyrev, Sergey and Ueckerdt, Torsten and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proc. 47th Int. Conf. Current Trends Theory \& Practice Comput. Sci. (SOFSEM'21)}, editor = {Bureš, Tomáš and Dondi, Riccardo and Gamper, Johann and Guerrini, Giovanna and Jurdziński, Tomasz and Pahl, Claus and Sikora, Florian and Wong, Prudence}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {361–372}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Using the Metro-Map Metaphor for Drawing Hypergraphs}, volume = 12607, year = 2021 }
• ClusterSets: Optimizing Planar Clusters in Categorical Point Data. Geiger, Jakob; Cornelsen, Sabine; Haunert, Jan-Henrik; Kindermann, Philipp; Mchedlidze, Tamara; Nöllenburg, Martin; Okamoto, Yoshio; Wolff, Alexander. In Comput. Graphics Forum, 40(3), S. 471–481. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{gchkmnow-coplc-EuroVis21, author = {Geiger, Jakob and Cornelsen, Sabine and Haunert, Jan-Henrik and Kindermann, Philipp and Mchedlidze, Tamara and Nöllenburg, Martin and Okamoto, Yoshio and Wolff, Alexander}, journal = {Comput. Graphics Forum}, keywords = {myown}, number = 3, pages = {471–481}, title = {ClusterSets: Optimizing Planar Clusters in Categorical Point Data}, volume = 40, year = 2021 }
• Towards a digital syllable-based reading intervention: An interview study with second-graders. Schaper, Philipp; Donnermann, Melissa; Doser, Nicole; Lein, Martina; Riedmann, Anna; Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Karageorgos, Panagiotis; Müller, Bettina; Richter, Tobias; Lugrin, Birgit. In British HCI Conference 2021 (BCS-HCI 2021). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{schaper2021towards, author = {Schaper, Philipp and Donnermann, Melissa and Doser, Nicole and Lein, Martina and Riedmann, Anna and Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Karageorgos, Panagiotis and Müller, Bettina and Richter, Tobias and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {British HCI Conference 2021 (BCS-HCI 2021)}, keywords = {lein}, title = {Towards a digital syllable-based reading intervention: An interview study with second-graders}, year = 2021 }
• Aligning Polylines to Line Features on Bitmap Images of Historical Maps. Technical Report (Master thesis), . Hegemann, Tim. Master thesis. University of Würzburg, Institut für Informatik, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @mastersthesis{hegemann2021aligning, address = {Institut für Informatik}, author = {Hegemann, Tim}, keywords = {myown}, school = {University of Würzburg}, title = {Aligning Polylines to Line Features on Bitmap Images of Historical Maps}, year = 2021 }
• A financial game with opportunities for fraud. Tritscher, Julian; Krause, Anna; Schlör, Daniel; Gwinner, Fabian; von Mammen, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), Copenhagen, Denmark, August 17-20, 2021, S. 1–5. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cig/TritscherKSGMH21, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Krause, Anna and Schl{\"{o}}r, Daniel and Gwinner, Fabian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 {IEEE} Conference on Games (CoG), Copenhagen, Denmark, August 17-20, 2021}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1–5}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {A financial game with opportunities for fraud}, year = 2021 }
• Density-based weighting for imbalanced regression. Steininger, Michael; Kobs, Konstantin; Davidson, Padraig; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Machine Learning, A. Appice; S. Escalera; J. A. Gamez; H. Trautmann (Hrsg.). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In many real world settings,imbalanced data impedes model performance of learning algorithms, like neural networks, mostly for rare cases. This is especially problematic for tasks focusing on these rare occurrences. For example, when estimating precipitation, extreme rainfall events are scarce but important considering their potential consequences. While there are numerous well studied solutions for classification settings, most of them cannot be applied to regression easily. Of the few solutions for regression tasks, barely any have explored cost-sensitive learning which is known to have advantages compared to sampling-based methods in classification tasks. In this work, we propose a sample weighting approach for imbalanced regression datasets called DenseWeight and a cost-sensitive learning approach for neural network regression with imbalanced data called DenseLoss based on our weighting scheme. DenseWeight weights data points according to their target value rarities through kernel density estimation (KDE). DenseLoss adjusts each data point’s influence on the loss according to DenseWeight, giving rare data points more influence on modeltraining compared to common data points. We show on multiple differently distributed datasets that DenseLoss significantly improves model performance for rare data points through its density-based weighting scheme. Additionally, we compare DenseLoss to the state-of-the-art method SMOGN, finding that our method mostly yields better performance. Our approach provides more control over model training as it enables us to actively decide on the trade-off between focusing on common or rare cases through a single hyperparameter, allowing the training of better models for rare data points.

  @article{steininger2021densitybased, abstract = {In many real world settings,imbalanced data impedes model performance of learning algorithms, like neural networks, mostly for rare cases. This is especially problematic for tasks focusing on these rare occurrences. For example, when estimating precipitation, extreme rainfall events are scarce but important considering their potential consequences. While there are numerous well studied solutions for classification settings, most of them cannot be applied to regression easily. Of the few solutions for regression tasks, barely any have explored cost-sensitive learning which is known to have advantages compared to sampling-based methods in classification tasks. In this work, we propose a sample weighting approach for imbalanced regression datasets called DenseWeight and a cost-sensitive learning approach for neural network regression with imbalanced data called DenseLoss based on our weighting scheme. DenseWeight weights data points according to their target value rarities through kernel density estimation (KDE). DenseLoss adjusts each data point’s influence on the loss according to DenseWeight, giving rare data points more influence on modeltraining compared to common data points. We show on multiple differently distributed datasets that DenseLoss significantly improves model performance for rare data points through its density-based weighting scheme. Additionally, we compare DenseLoss to the state-of-the-art method SMOGN, finding that our method mostly yields better performance. Our approach provides more control over model training as it enables us to actively decide on the trade-off between focusing on common or rare cases through a single hyperparameter, allowing the training of better models for rare data points.}, author = {Steininger, Michael and Kobs, Konstantin and Davidson, Padraig and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, editor = {Appice, Annalisa and Escalera, Sergio and Gamez, Jose A. and Trautmann, Heike}, journal = {Machine Learning}, keywords = {selected}, title = {Density-based weighting for imbalanced regression}, year = 2021 }
• Uplink vs. Downlink: Machine Learning-Based Quality Prediction for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming. Loh, Frank; Poignée, Fabian; Wamser, Florian; Leidinger, Ferdinand; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Sensors, 21(12), S. 4172. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Streaming video is responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic these days. For this reason, Internet providers and network operators try to make predictions and assessments about the streaming quality for an end user. Current monitoring solutions are based on a variety of different machine learning approaches. The challenge for providers and operators nowadays is that existing approaches require large amounts of data. In this work, the most relevant quality of experience metrics, i.e., the initial playback delay, the video streaming quality, video quality changes, and video rebuffering events, are examined using a voluminous data set of more than 13,000 YouTube video streaming runs that were collected with the native YouTube mobile app. Three Machine Learning models are developed and compared to estimate playback behavior based on uplink request information. The main focus has been on developing a lightweight approach using as few features and as little data as possible, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance.

  @article{info3-article-2021-3, abstract = {Streaming video is responsible for the bulk of Internet traffic these days. For this reason, Internet providers and network operators try to make predictions and assessments about the streaming quality for an end user. Current monitoring solutions are based on a variety of different machine learning approaches. The challenge for providers and operators nowadays is that existing approaches require large amounts of data. In this work, the most relevant quality of experience metrics, i.e., the initial playback delay, the video streaming quality, video quality changes, and video rebuffering events, are examined using a voluminous data set of more than 13,000 YouTube video streaming runs that were collected with the native YouTube mobile app. Three Machine Learning models are developed and compared to estimate playback behavior based on uplink request information. The main focus has been on developing a lightweight approach using as few features and as little data as possible, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Poignée, Fabian and Wamser, Florian and Leidinger, Ferdinand and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = {can}, number = 12, pages = 4172, title = {Uplink vs. Downlink: Machine Learning-Based Quality Prediction for HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming}, volume = 21, year = 2021 }
• Anomaly Detection in Beehives: An Algorithm Comparison. Davidson, Padraig; Steininger, Michael; Lautenschlager, Florian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{davidson2021anomaly, author = {Davidson, Padraig and Steininger, Michael and Lautenschlager, Florian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = 2021, title = {Anomaly Detection in Beehives: An Algorithm Comparison}, year = 2021 }
• An Overview on Approaches for Coordination of Platoons. Lesch, Veronika; Breitbach, Martin; Segata, Michele; Becker, Christian; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{lesch2021overview, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Breitbach, Martin and Segata, Michele and Becker, Christian and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems}, keywords = {platooning}, note = {Early Access on IEEE Xplore}, title = {An Overview on Approaches for Coordination of Platoons}, year = 2021 }
• Indifferent or Enthusiastic? Virtual Audiences Animation and Perception in Virtual Reality. Glémarec, Yann; Lugrin, Jean-Luc; Bosser, Anne-Gwenn; Collins Jackson, Aryana; Buche, Cédric; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2, S. 72. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In this paper, we present a virtual audience simulation system for Virtual Reality (VR). The system implements an audience perception model controlling the nonverbal behaviors of virtual spectators, such as facial expressions or postures. Groups of virtual spectators are animated by a set of nonverbal behavior rules representing a particular audience attitude (e.g., indifferent or enthusiastic). Each rule specifies a nonverbal behavior category: posture, head movement, facial expression and gaze direction as well as three parameters: type, frequency and proportion. In a first user-study, we asked participants to pretend to be a speaker in VR and then create sets of nonverbal behaviour parameters to simulate different attitudes. Participants manipulated the nonverbal behaviours of single virtual spectator to match a specific levels of engagement and opinion toward them. In a second user-study, we used these parameters to design different types of virtual audiences with our nonverbal behavior rules and evaluated their perceptions. Our results demonstrate our system’s ability to create virtual audiences with three types of different perceived attitudes: indifferent, critical, enthusiastic. The analysis of the results also lead to a set of recommendations and guidelines regarding attitudes and expressions for future design of audiences for VR therapy and training applications.

  @article{10.3389/frvir.2021.666232, abstract = {In this paper, we present a virtual audience simulation system for Virtual Reality (VR). The system implements an audience perception model controlling the nonverbal behaviors of virtual spectators, such as facial expressions or postures. Groups of virtual spectators are animated by a set of nonverbal behavior rules representing a particular audience attitude (e.g., indifferent or enthusiastic). Each rule specifies a nonverbal behavior category: posture, head movement, facial expression and gaze direction as well as three parameters: type, frequency and proportion. In a first user-study, we asked participants to pretend to be a speaker in VR and then create sets of nonverbal behaviour parameters to simulate different attitudes. Participants manipulated the nonverbal behaviours of single virtual spectator to match a specific levels of engagement and opinion toward them. In a second user-study, we used these parameters to design different types of virtual audiences with our nonverbal behavior rules and evaluated their perceptions. Our results demonstrate our system’s ability to create virtual audiences with three types of different perceived attitudes: indifferent, critical, enthusiastic. The analysis of the results also lead to a set of recommendations and guidelines regarding attitudes and expressions for future design of audiences for VR therapy and training applications.}, author = {Glémarec, Yann and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Bosser, Anne-Gwenn and Collins Jackson, Aryana and Buche, Cédric and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {vraudi}, pages = 72, title = {Indifferent or Enthusiastic? Virtual Audiences Animation and Perception in Virtual Reality}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• The Science of Systems Benchmarking. Kounev, Samuel. Keynote Talk at CLOSER 2021, Virtual Event, 2021, April 28.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{kounev2021science, address = {Virtual Event}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {04}, note = {https://closer.scitevents.org/}, publisher = {Keynote Talk at CLOSER 2021}, title = {The Science of Systems Benchmarking}, year = 2021 }
• A financial game with opportunities for fraud. Tritscher, Julian; Krause, Anna; Schlör, Daniel; Gwinner, Fabian; Von Mammen, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–5. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Tritscher:2021ab, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Krause, Anna and Schl{\"o}r, Daniel and Gwinner, Fabian and Von Mammen, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-5}, title = {A financial game with opportunities for fraud}, year = 2021 }
• A Simulation-based Optimization Framework for Online Adaptation of Networks. Herrnleben, Stefan; Grohmann, Johannes; Rygielski, Pitor; Lesch, Veronika; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUtools), von SIMUtools 2020, H. Song, D. Jiang (Hrsg.), S. 513–532. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Today's data centers face a rapid change of deployed services, growing complexity, and increasing performance requirements. Customers expect not only round-the-clock availability of the hosted services but also high responsiveness. Besides optimizing software architectures and deployments, networks have to be adapted to handle the changing and volatile demands. Approaches from self-adaptive systems can be used for optimizing data center networks to continuously meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between data center operators and customers. However, existing approaches focus only on specific objectives like topology design, power optimization, or traffic engineering. In this paper, we present an extensible framework that analyzes networks using different types of simulation and adapts them subject to multiple objectives using various adaptation techniques. Analyzing each suggested adaptation ensures that performance requirements and SLAs are continuously met. We evaluate our framework w.r.t. (i) general requirements and assessments of languages and frameworks for adaptation models, (ii) finding Pareto-optimal solutions considering a multi-dimensional cost model, and (iii) scalability. The evaluation shows that our approach detects the bottlenecks and the violated SLAs correctly, outputs valid and cost-optimal adaptations, and keeps the runtime for the adaptation process constant even with increasing network size and an increasing number of alternative configurations.

  @inproceedings{HeGrRyLeKrKo2020-SIMUtools-Network-Online-Adaptation, abstract = {Today's data centers face a rapid change of deployed services, growing complexity, and increasing performance requirements. Customers expect not only round-the-clock availability of the hosted services but also high responsiveness. Besides optimizing software architectures and deployments, networks have to be adapted to handle the changing and volatile demands. Approaches from self-adaptive systems can be used for optimizing data center networks to continuously meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between data center operators and customers. However, existing approaches focus only on specific objectives like topology design, power optimization, or traffic engineering. In this paper, we present an extensible framework that analyzes networks using different types of simulation and adapts them subject to multiple objectives using various adaptation techniques. Analyzing each suggested adaptation ensures that performance requirements and SLAs are continuously met. We evaluate our framework w.r.t. (i) general requirements and assessments of languages and frameworks for adaptation models, (ii) finding Pareto-optimal solutions considering a multi-dimensional cost model, and (iii) scalability. The evaluation shows that our approach detects the bottlenecks and the violated SLAs correctly, outputs valid and cost-optimal adaptations, and keeps the runtime for the adaptation process constant even with increasing network size and an increasing number of alternative configurations.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Herrnleben, Stefan and Grohmann, Johannes and Rygielski, Pitor and Lesch, Veronika and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUtools)}, editor = {Song, Houbing and Jiang, Dingde}, keywords = {networking}, month = {08}, pages = {513–532}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, series = {SIMUtools 2020}, title = {A Simulation-based Optimization Framework for Online Adaptation of Networks}, year = 2021 }
• Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements. Wamser, Florian; Seufert, Anika; Hall, Andrew; Wunderer, Stefan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Network, 1(2), S. 215–232. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.

  @article{info3-article-2021-5, abstract = {Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.}, author = {Wamser, Florian and Seufert, Anika and Hall, Andrew and Wunderer, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Network}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, number = 2, pages = {215–232}, title = {Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements}, volume = 1, year = 2021 }
• A Case Study on Sampling Strategies for Evaluating Neural Sequential Item Recommendation Models. Dallmann, Alexander; Zoller, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In Fifteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{dallmann2021study, author = {Dallmann, Alexander and Zoller, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Fifteenth {ACM} Conference on Recommender Systems}, keywords = {recommender}, month = {09}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {A Case Study on Sampling Strategies for Evaluating Neural Sequential Item Recommendation Models}, year = 2021 }
• Development and operation of a technology testing satellite for highly autonomous payloads and artificial intelligence. Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Neumann, Tobias; Riegler, Clemens; Schwarz, Tobias. In 14th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop. Würzburg, Germany, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{noauthororeditor2021development, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Neumann, Tobias and Riegler, Clemens and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {14th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop}, keywords = {pina}, month = {09}, title = {Development and operation of a technology testing satellite for highly autonomous payloads and artificial intelligence}, year = 2021 }
• MultiView: A Novel Star Sensor Providing Reliable Attitude Determination for CubeSats. Miethaner, Christian; Kayal, Hakan; Schwarz, Tobias; Neumann, Tobias; Schwarz, Tobias. In 14th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop. Würzburg, Germany, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{miethaner2021multiview, address = {Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Miethaner, Christian and Kayal, Hakan and Schwarz, Tobias and Neumann, Tobias and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {14th Pico- and Nano-Satellite Workshop}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {MultiView: A Novel Star Sensor Providing Reliable Attitude Determination for CubeSats}, year = 2021 }
• Delivering User Experience over Networks: Towards a Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle for Improved Design of Networked Applications. Seufert, Anika; Schröder, Svenja; Seufert, Michael. In SN Computer Science, 2. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  To deliver the best user experience (UX), the human-centered design cycle (HCDC) serves as a well-established guideline to application developers. However, it does not yet cover network-specific requirements, which become increasingly crucial, as most applications deliver experience over the Internet. The missing network-centric view is provided by Quality of Experience (QoE), which could team up with UX towards an improved overall experience. By considering QoE aspects during the development process, it can be achieved that applications become network-aware by design. In this paper, the Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle (QoE-CDC) is proposed, which provides guidelines on how to design applications with respect to network-specific requirements and QoE. Its practical value is showcased for popular application types and validated by outlining the design of a new smartphone application. We show that combining HCDC and QoE-CDC will result in an application design, which reaches a high UX and avoids QoE degradation.

  @article{info3-article-2021-6, abstract = {To deliver the best user experience (UX), the human-centered design cycle (HCDC) serves as a well-established guideline to application developers. However, it does not yet cover network-specific requirements, which become increasingly crucial, as most applications deliver experience over the Internet. The missing network-centric view is provided by Quality of Experience (QoE), which could team up with UX towards an improved overall experience. By considering QoE aspects during the development process, it can be achieved that applications become network-aware by design. In this paper, the Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle (QoE-CDC) is proposed, which provides guidelines on how to design applications with respect to network-specific requirements and QoE. Its practical value is showcased for popular application types and validated by outlining the design of a new smartphone application. We show that combining HCDC and QoE-CDC will result in an application design, which reaches a high UX and avoids QoE degradation.}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Schröder, Svenja and Seufert, Michael}, journal = {SN Computer Science}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {Delivering User Experience over Networks: Towards a Quality of Experience Centered Design Cycle for Improved Design of Networked Applications}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• Grab the Frog: Comparing Intuitive Use and User Experience of a Smartphone-only, AR-only, and Tangible AR Learning Environment. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Elsässer, Anne; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in teaching concepts allows for the visualization of complex learning contents and can simultaneously enhance the learning motivation. By providing Tangible Augmented Reality (TAR), an AR learning environment receives a haptic aspect and allows for a direct manipulation of augmented learning materials. However, manipulating tangible objects while using handheld AR might reduce the intuitive use and hence user experience. Users need to simultaneously control the application and manipulate the tangible object. Therefore, we compare the differences in intuitive use and user experience evoked by varied technologies of knowledge presentation in an educational context. In particular, we compare a TAR learning environment targeting the learning of the anatomy of vertebrates to its smartphone-only and AR-only versions. The three versions of the learning environment only differ in their method of knowledge presentation. The three versions show a similar perceived intuitive use. The TAR version, however, yielded a significantly higher attractiveness and stimulation than AR-only and smartphone-only. This suggests a positive effect of TAR learning environments on the overall learning experience.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2021comparing, abstract = {The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in teaching concepts allows for the visualization of complex learning contents and can simultaneously enhance the learning motivation. By providing Tangible Augmented Reality (TAR), an AR learning environment receives a haptic aspect and allows for a direct manipulation of augmented learning materials. However, manipulating tangible objects while using handheld AR might reduce the intuitive use and hence user experience. Users need to simultaneously control the application and manipulate the tangible object. Therefore, we compare the differences in intuitive use and user experience evoked by varied technologies of knowledge presentation in an educational context. In particular, we compare a TAR learning environment targeting the learning of the anatomy of vertebrates to its smartphone-only and AR-only versions. The three versions of the learning environment only differ in their method of knowledge presentation. The three versions show a similar perceived intuitive use. The TAR version, however, yielded a significantly higher attractiveness and stimulation than AR-only and smartphone-only. This suggests a positive effect of TAR learning environments on the overall learning experience.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Elsässer, Anne and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction (MobileHCI '21)}, keywords = {horst}, month = {09}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Grab the Frog: Comparing Intuitive Use and User Experience of a Smartphone-only, AR-only, and Tangible AR Learning Environment}, year = 2021 }
• Rule-based Semantic Relation Extraction in Regulatory Documents. Korger, Andreas; Baumeister, Joachim. In Learning. Knowledge. Data. Analytics. Munich, Germany, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Korger2021, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Korger, Andreas and Baumeister, Joachim}, booktitle = {Learning. Knowledge. Data. Analytics}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {Rule-based Semantic Relation Extraction in Regulatory Documents}, year = 2021 }
• Discrete-Time Modeling of NFV Accelerators that Exploit Batched Processing. Geissler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Linguaglossa, Leonardo; Rossi, Dario; Zinner, Thomas; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems, 6(3), S. 1–27. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2021-12, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Linguaglossa, Leonardo and Rossi, Dario and Zinner, Thomas and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems}, keywords = {can}, month = {09}, number = 3, pages = {1-27}, title = {Discrete-Time Modeling of NFV Accelerators that Exploit Batched Processing}, volume = 6, year = 2021 }
• Social robots and gamification for technology supported learning: An empirical study on engagement and motivation. Donnermann, Melissa; Lein, Martina; Messingschlager, Tanja; Riedmann, Anna; Schaper, Philipp; Steinhaeusser, Sophia; Lugrin, Birgit. In Computers in Human Behavior, 121, S. 106792. Elsevier, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @article{Donnermann_2021, author = {Donnermann, Melissa and Lein, Martina and Messingschlager, Tanja and Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Steinhaeusser, Sophia and Lugrin, Birgit}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior}, keywords = {lein}, month = {08}, pages = 106792, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {Social robots and gamification for technology supported learning: An empirical study on engagement and motivation}, volume = 121, year = 2021 }
• Browser Fingerprinting: How to Protect Machine Learning Models and Data with Differential Privacy?. Dietz, Katharina; Mühlhauser, Michael; Seufert, Michael; Gray, Nicholas; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Herrmann, Dominik. In 1st International Workshop on Machine Learning in Networking (MaLeNe) as part of NetSys’21. Lübeck, Germany (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-16, address = {Lübeck, Germany (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Dietz, Katharina and Mühlhauser, Michael and Seufert, Michael and Gray, Nicholas and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Herrmann, Dominik}, booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Machine Learning in Networking (MaLeNe) as part of NetSys'21}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {09}, title = {Browser Fingerprinting: How to Protect Machine Learning Models and Data with Differential Privacy?}, year = 2021 }
• Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Crowdsensing and Fixed Sensor Systems for Event Detection in Urban Environments. Hirth, Matthias; Seufert, Michael; Lange, Stanislav; Meixner, Markus; Tran-Gia, Phuoc. In Sensors, 21(17), S. 5880 (1–19). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Crowdsensing offers a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of environmental sensor data. However, the spatial distribution of crowdsensing sensors can hardly be influenced, as the participants carry the sensors, and, additionally, the quality of the crowdsensed data can vary significantly. Hybrid systems that use mobile users in conjunction with fixed sensors might help to overcome these limitations, as such system allow assessing the quality of the submitted crowdsensed data and provide sensor values where no crowdsensing data is available. In this work, we use a simulation study to first analyze a simple crowdsensing system concerning the detection performance of spatial events to highlight the potential and limitations of a pure crowdsourcing system. The results indicate that even if only a small share of inhabitants participates in crowdsensing, events that have locations correlated with the population density can be easily and quickly detected using such a system. On the contrary, events with uniformly randomly distributed locations are much harder to detect using a simple crowdsensing-based approach. A second evaluation shows that hybrid systems improve the detection probability and time. Finally, we illustrate how to compute the minimum number of fixed sensors for given detection time thresholds in our exemplary scenario.

  @article{info3-article-2021-4, abstract = {Crowdsensing offers a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of environmental sensor data. However, the spatial distribution of crowdsensing sensors can hardly be influenced, as the participants carry the sensors, and, additionally, the quality of the crowdsensed data can vary significantly. Hybrid systems that use mobile users in conjunction with fixed sensors might help to overcome these limitations, as such system allow assessing the quality of the submitted crowdsensed data and provide sensor values where no crowdsensing data is available. In this work, we use a simulation study to first analyze a simple crowdsensing system concerning the detection performance of spatial events to highlight the potential and limitations of a pure crowdsourcing system. The results indicate that even if only a small share of inhabitants participates in crowdsensing, events that have locations correlated with the population density can be easily and quickly detected using such a system. On the contrary, events with uniformly randomly distributed locations are much harder to detect using a simple crowdsensing-based approach. A second evaluation shows that hybrid systems improve the detection probability and time. Finally, we illustrate how to compute the minimum number of fixed sensors for given detection time thresholds in our exemplary scenario.}, author = {Hirth, Matthias and Seufert, Michael and Lange, Stanislav and Meixner, Markus and Tran-Gia, Phuoc}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {08}, number = 17, pages = {5880 (1-19)}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Crowdsensing and Fixed Sensor Systems for Event Detection in Urban Environments}, volume = 21, year = 2021 }
• Subjective And Objective Assessment Of Video Game Context Factors. Metzger, Florian; Schröder, Svenja; Ratetseder, Albert. 2021, August.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{info3-misc-2021-1, author = {Metzger, Florian and Schröder, Svenja and Ratetseder, Albert}, howpublished = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242471}, keywords = {myown}, month = {08}, title = {Subjective And Objective Assessment Of Video Game Context Factors}, year = 2021 }
• The Prospects of Cloud Gaming: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?. Metzger, Florian; Rafetseder, Albert; Schröder, Svenja; Zwickl, Patrick. 2021, August.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @misc{info3-misc-2021-2, author = {Metzger, Florian and Rafetseder, Albert and Schröder, Svenja and Zwickl, Patrick}, howpublished = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242452}, keywords = {myown}, month = {08}, title = {The Prospects of Cloud Gaming: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?}, year = 2021 }
• Affordable But Not Cheap: A Case Study of the Effects of Two 3D-Reconstruction Methods of Virtual Humans. Bartl, Andrea; Wenninger, Stephan; Wolf, Erik; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Realistic and lifelike 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans has various exciting and important use cases. Our and others' appearances have notable effects on ourselves and our interaction partners in virtual environments, e.g., on acceptance, preference, trust, believability, behavior (the Proteus effect), and more. Today, multiple approaches for the 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans exist. They significantly vary in terms of the degree of achievable realism, the technical complexities, and finally, the overall reconstruction costs involved. This article compares two 3D-reconstruction approaches with very different hardware requirements. The high-cost solution uses a typical complex and elaborated camera rig consisting of 94 digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. The recently developed low-cost solution uses a smartphone camera to create videos that capture multiple views of a person. Both methods use photogrammetric reconstruction and template fitting with the same template model and differ in their adaptation to the method-specific input material. Each method generates high-quality virtual humans ready to be processed, animated, and rendered by standard XR simulation and game engines such as Unreal or Unity. We compare the results of the two 3D-reconstruction methods in an immersive virtual environment against each other in a user study. Our results indicate that the virtual humans from the low-cost approach are perceived similarly to those from the high-cost approach regarding the perceived similarity to the original, human-likeness, beauty, and uncanniness, despite significant differences in the objectively measured quality. The perceived feeling of change of the own body was higher for the low-cost virtual humans. Quality differences were perceived more strongly for one's own body than for other virtual humans.

  @article{bartl2021affordable, abstract = {Realistic and lifelike 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans has various exciting and important use cases. Our and others' appearances have notable effects on ourselves and our interaction partners in virtual environments, e.g., on acceptance, preference, trust, believability, behavior (the Proteus effect), and more. Today, multiple approaches for the 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans exist. They significantly vary in terms of the degree of achievable realism, the technical complexities, and finally, the overall reconstruction costs involved. This article compares two 3D-reconstruction approaches with very different hardware requirements. The high-cost solution uses a typical complex and elaborated camera rig consisting of 94 digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. The recently developed low-cost solution uses a smartphone camera to create videos that capture multiple views of a person. Both methods use photogrammetric reconstruction and template fitting with the same template model and differ in their adaptation to the method-specific input material. Each method generates high-quality virtual humans ready to be processed, animated, and rendered by standard XR simulation and game engines such as Unreal or Unity. We compare the results of the two 3D-reconstruction methods in an immersive virtual environment against each other in a user study. Our results indicate that the virtual humans from the low-cost approach are perceived similarly to those from the high-cost approach regarding the perceived similarity to the original, human-likeness, beauty, and uncanniness, despite significant differences in the objectively measured quality. The perceived feeling of change of the own body was higher for the low-cost virtual humans. Quality differences were perceived more strongly for one's own body than for other virtual humans.}, author = {Bartl, Andrea and Wenninger, Stephan and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality}, keywords = {vitras}, title = {Affordable But Not Cheap: A Case Study of the Effects of Two 3D-Reconstruction Methods of Virtual Humans}, volume = 2, year = 2021 }
• A Predictive Maintenance Methodology: Predicting the Time-to-Failure of Machines in Industry 4.0. Züfle, Marwin; Agne, Joachim; Grohmann, Johannes; Dörtoluk, Ibrahim; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 21st IEEE IES International Conference on Industrial Informatics, von INDIN’21. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Predictive maintenance is an essential aspect of the concept of Industry 4.0. In contrast to previous maintenance strategies, which plan repairs based on periodic schedules or threshold values, predictive maintenance is normally based on estimating the time-to-failure of machines. Thus, predictive maintenance enables a more efficient and effective maintenance approach. Although much research has already been done on time-to-failure prediction, most existing works provide only specialized approaches for specific machines. In most cases, these are either rotary machines (i.e., bearings) or lithium-ion batteries. To bridge the gap to a more general time-to-failure prediction, we propose a generic end-to-end predictive maintenance methodology for the time-to-failure prediction of industrial machines. Our methodology exhibits a number of novel aspects including a universally applicable method for feature extraction based on different types of sensor data, well-known feature transformation and selection techniques, adjustable target class assignment based on fault records with three different labeling strategies, and the training of multiple state-of-the-art machine learning classification models including hyperparameter optimization. We evaluated our time-to-failure prediction methodology in a real-world case study consisting of monitoring data gathered over several years from a large industrial press. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for six different time-to-failure pre-diction windows, as well as for the downscaled binary prediction of impending failures. In this case study, the multi-class feed-forward neural network model achieved the overall best results.

  @inproceedings{ZuAgGrDoKo-INDIN2021-PdM, abstract = {Predictive maintenance is an essential aspect of the concept of Industry 4.0. In contrast to previous maintenance strategies, which plan repairs based on periodic schedules or threshold values, predictive maintenance is normally based on estimating the time-to-failure of machines. Thus, predictive maintenance enables a more efficient and effective maintenance approach. Although much research has already been done on time-to-failure prediction, most existing works provide only specialized approaches for specific machines. In most cases, these are either rotary machines (i.e., bearings) or lithium-ion batteries. To bridge the gap to a more general time-to-failure prediction, we propose a generic end-to-end predictive maintenance methodology for the time-to-failure prediction of industrial machines. Our methodology exhibits a number of novel aspects including a universally applicable method for feature extraction based on different types of sensor data, well-known feature transformation and selection techniques, adjustable target class assignment based on fault records with three different labeling strategies, and the training of multiple state-of-the-art machine learning classification models including hyperparameter optimization. We evaluated our time-to-failure prediction methodology in a real-world case study consisting of monitoring data gathered over several years from a large industrial press. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for six different time-to-failure pre-diction windows, as well as for the downscaled binary prediction of impending failures. In this case study, the multi-class feed-forward neural network model achieved the overall best results.}, author = {Züfle, Marwin and Agne, Joachim and Grohmann, Johannes and Dörtoluk, Ibrahim and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st IEEE IES International Conference on Industrial Informatics}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, month = {07}, publisher = {IEEE}, series = {INDIN'21}, title = {A Predictive Maintenance Methodology: Predicting the Time-to-Failure of Machines in Industry 4.0}, year = 2021 }
• On Machine Learning based Video QoE Estimation Across Different Networks. Orsolic, Irena; Seufert, Michael. In 16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), Best Paper Award. Zagreb, Croatia (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-10, address = {Zagreb, Croatia (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Orsolic, Irena and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Telecommunications (ConTEL), Best Paper Award}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {07}, title = {On Machine Learning based Video QoE Estimation Across Different Networks}, year = 2021 }
• SARDE: A Framework for Continuous and Self-Adaptive Resource Demand Estimation. Grohmann, Johannes; Eismann, Simon; Bauer, André; Spinner, Simon; Blum, Johannes; Herbst, Nikolas; Kounev, Samuel. In ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, 15(2). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  Resource demands are crucial parameters for modeling and predicting the performance of software systems. Currently, resource demand estimators are usually executed once for system analysis. However, the monitored system, as well as the resource demand itself, are subject to constant change in runtime environments. These changes additionally impact the applicability, the required parametrization as well as the resulting accuracy of individual estimation approaches. Over time, this leads to invalid or outdated estimates, which in turn negatively influence the decision-making of adaptive systems. In this article, we present SARDE, a framework for self-adaptive resource demand estimation in continuous environments. SARDE dynamically and continuously tunes, selects, and executes an ensemble of resource demand estimation approaches to adapt to changes in the environment. This creates an autonomous and unsupervised ensemble estimation technique, providing reliable resource demand estimations in dynamic environments. We evaluate SARDE using two realistic datasets. One set of different micro-benchmarks reflecting different possible system states and one dataset consisting of a continuously running application in a changing environment. Our results show that by continuously applying online optimization, selection and estimation, SARDE is able to efficiently adapt to the online trace and reduce the model error using the resulting ensemble technique.

  @article{GrEiBaSpBlHeKo2021-TaaS-SARDE, abstract = {Resource demands are crucial parameters for modeling and predicting the performance of software systems. Currently, resource demand estimators are usually executed once for system analysis. However, the monitored system, as well as the resource demand itself, are subject to constant change in runtime environments. These changes additionally impact the applicability, the required parametrization as well as the resulting accuracy of individual estimation approaches. Over time, this leads to invalid or outdated estimates, which in turn negatively influence the decision-making of adaptive systems. In this article, we present SARDE, a framework for self-adaptive resource demand estimation in continuous environments. SARDE dynamically and continuously tunes, selects, and executes an ensemble of resource demand estimation approaches to adapt to changes in the environment. This creates an autonomous and unsupervised ensemble estimation technique, providing reliable resource demand estimations in dynamic environments. We evaluate SARDE using two realistic datasets. One set of different micro-benchmarks reflecting different possible system states and one dataset consisting of a continuously running application in a changing environment. Our results show that by continuously applying online optimization, selection and estimation, SARDE is able to efficiently adapt to the online trace and reduce the model error using the resulting ensemble technique.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Grohmann, Johannes and Eismann, Simon and Bauer, Andr\'{e} and Spinner, Simon and Blum, Johannes and Herbst, Nikolas and Kounev, Samuel}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = {06}, number = 2, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {SARDE: A Framework for Continuous and Self-Adaptive Resource Demand Estimation}, volume = 15, year = 2021 }
• On Inter-Rater Reliability for Crowdsourced QoE. Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael; Naderi, Babak. In 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Montreal, Canada (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-9, address = {Montreal, Canada (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael and Naderi, Babak}, booktitle = {13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {06}, title = {On Inter-Rater Reliability for Crowdsourced QoE}, year = 2021 }
• Distributed Implementation of Deterministic Networking in Existing Non-TSN Ethernet Switches. Grigorjew, Alexej; Baier, Christian; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Workshop on Time-sensitive and Deterministic Networking (TsDN). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Deterministic networking is quickly gaining importance, as several domains previously dominated by bus systems are now switching to Ethernet. While standardization efforts, especially from the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) group, are ongoing, practical deployments are still far off until configuration guidelines and resource management are able to use these tools to their full potential. As an alternative, this work presents a working implementation of bounded latency with an off-the-shelf non-TSN Ethernet switch. The solution is based on a distributed reservation protocol and admission control. It proves that bounded latency is already possible with simple priority-based transmission, and it provides valuable insights for the development and operation of future real-time networking solutions.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-6, abstract = {Deterministic networking is quickly gaining importance, as several domains previously dominated by bus systems are now switching to Ethernet. While standardization efforts, especially from the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) group, are ongoing, practical deployments are still far off until configuration guidelines and resource management are able to use these tools to their full potential. As an alternative, this work presents a working implementation of bounded latency with an off-the-shelf non-TSN Ethernet switch. The solution is based on a distributed reservation protocol and admission control. It proves that bounded latency is already possible with simple priority-based transmission, and it provides valuable insights for the development and operation of future real-time networking solutions.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Baier, Christian and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {Workshop on Time-sensitive and Deterministic Networking (TsDN)}, keywords = {ats-performance}, month = {06}, title = {Distributed Implementation of Deterministic Networking in Existing Non-TSN Ethernet Switches}, year = 2021 }
• Entwicklung und Betrieb eines Technologieerprobungssatelliten für hochautonome Nutzlasten. Balagurin, Oleksii; Greiner, Tobias; Herbst, Tobias; Kaiser, Tobias; Kayal, Hakan; Maurer, Andreas; Schwarz, Tobias. In Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2021. Bremen, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{balagurinentwicklung, address = {Bremen}, author = {Balagurin, Oleksii and Greiner, Tobias and Herbst, Tobias and Kaiser, Tobias and Kayal, Hakan and Maurer, Andreas and Schwarz, Tobias}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2021}, keywords = {myown}, month = {09}, title = {Entwicklung und Betrieb eines Technologieerprobungssatelliten für hochautonome Nutzlasten}, year = 2021 }
• Mobile Web and App QoE Monitoring for ISPs - from Encrypted Traffic to Speed Index through Machine Learning. Casas, Pedro; Wassermann, Sarah; Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Schüler, Joshua; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 13th Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), Best Paper Award. Montreal, Canada (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-17, address = {Montreal, Canada (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Casas, Pedro and Wassermann, Sarah and Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Schüler, Joshua and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {13th Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), Best Paper Award}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {Mobile Web and App QoE Monitoring for ISPs - from Encrypted Traffic to Speed Index through Machine Learning}, year = 2021 }
• Relationship Status: It’s Complicated. Using APM as a QoE-qualifying Tempo Metric. Metzger, Florian; Stulier, Norman; Borchert, Kathrin; Hirth, Matthias. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2021). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-13, author = {Metzger, Florian and Stulier, Norman and Borchert, Kathrin and Hirth, Matthias}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2021)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {06}, title = {Relationship Status: It's Complicated. Using APM as a QoE-qualifying Tempo Metric}, year = 2021 }
• Machine Learning-based Service Function Chain over UAVs: Resource Profiling and Framework. TrungKien, Nguyen; Hoang Anh, Vu; Dinh Phong, Vu; Ngoc Minh, Nguyen; Huu Thanh, Nguyen. In 2021 31st International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC). Sydney, Australia, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-21, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {TrungKien, Nguyen and Hoang Anh, Vu and Dinh Phong, Vu and Ngoc Minh, Nguyen and Huu Thanh, Nguyen}, booktitle = {2021 31st International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, title = {Machine Learning-based Service Function Chain over UAVs: Resource Profiling and Framework}, year = 2021 }
• Learning Mathematical Relations Using Deep Tree Models. Wankerl, Sebastian; Dulny, Andrzej; Götz, Gerhard; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), S. 1681–1687. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  To the present day, computer algebra systems used for calculating mathematical relations on a symbolic level are mainly rule-based systems. Only recently, deep learning has been applied to the task of symbolic mathematics. Researchers succeeded in developing neural networks which can do symbolic calculations of the equivalence of multiple pairing of equations. However, the generator used to create mathematical terms in previous research has several drawbacks and as with all deep learning tasks, the quality of the data used for training the models has a significant impact on the quality of the results. In this work, we propose a new generator for polynomials. We use it to train several recursive neural networks to recognize the equivalence, derivative, or variable substitution between pairs of polynomials for the first time. Our results indicate that these mathematical relations are identifiable with the help of deep learning.

  @inproceedings{9680206, abstract = {To the present day, computer algebra systems used for calculating mathematical relations on a symbolic level are mainly rule-based systems. Only recently, deep learning has been applied to the task of symbolic mathematics. Researchers succeeded in developing neural networks which can do symbolic calculations of the equivalence of multiple pairing of equations. However, the generator used to create mathematical terms in previous research has several drawbacks and as with all deep learning tasks, the quality of the data used for training the models has a significant impact on the quality of the results. In this work, we propose a new generator for polynomials. We use it to train several recursive neural networks to recognize the equivalence, derivative, or variable substitution between pairs of polynomials for the first time. Our results indicate that these mathematical relations are identifiable with the help of deep learning.}, author = {Wankerl, Sebastian and Dulny, Andrzej and Götz, Gerhard and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {treemodels}, month = 12, pages = {1681-1687}, title = {Learning Mathematical Relations Using Deep Tree Models}, year = 2021 }
• Towards a Mobile Robot Localization Benchmark with Challenging Sensordata in an Industrial Environment. Spiess, Florian; Friesslich, Jonas; Bluemm, Daniel; Mast, Fabio; Vinokour, Dmitrij; Kounev, Samuel; Kaupp, Tobias; Strobel, Norbert. In 2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR), S. 857–864. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  To arrive at a realistic assessment of localization methods in terms of their performance in an industrial environment under various challenging conditions, we provide a benchmark to evaluate algorithms both for individual components as well as multi-sensor systems. For several sensor types, including wheel odometry, RGB cameras, RGB-D cameras, and LIDAR, potential issues were identified. The accuracy of wheel odometry, for example, when there are bumps on the track. For each sensor type, we explicitly chose a track for the benchmark dataset containing situations where the sensor fails to provide adequate measurements. Based on the acquired sensor data, localization can be achieved either using a single sensor information or sensor fusion. To help evaluate the output of associated localization algorithms, we provide a software to evaluate a set of metrics as part of the paper. An example application of the benchmark with state-of-the-art algorithms for each sensor is also provided.

  @inproceedings{9659355, abstract = {To arrive at a realistic assessment of localization methods in terms of their performance in an industrial environment under various challenging conditions, we provide a benchmark to evaluate algorithms both for individual components as well as multi-sensor systems. For several sensor types, including wheel odometry, RGB cameras, RGB-D cameras, and LIDAR, potential issues were identified. The accuracy of wheel odometry, for example, when there are bumps on the track. For each sensor type, we explicitly chose a track for the benchmark dataset containing situations where the sensor fails to provide adequate measurements. Based on the acquired sensor data, localization can be achieved either using a single sensor information or sensor fusion. To help evaluate the output of associated localization algorithms, we provide a software to evaluate a set of metrics as part of the paper. An example application of the benchmark with state-of-the-art algorithms for each sensor is also provided.}, author = {Spiess, Florian and Friesslich, Jonas and Bluemm, Daniel and Mast, Fabio and Vinokour, Dmitrij and Kounev, Samuel and Kaupp, Tobias and Strobel, Norbert}, booktitle = {2021 20th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)}, keywords = {t_interdisciplinary}, month = 12, pages = {857-864}, title = {Towards a Mobile Robot Localization Benchmark with Challenging Sensordata in an Industrial Environment}, year = 2021 }
• Recreating a Medieval Mill as a Virtual Learning Environment. Fernes, David; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Historic buildings shown in open-air museums often lack a good accessibility and visitors rarely can interact with them as well as displayed tools to learn about processes. Providing these buildings in Virtual Reality could be a great supplement for museums to provide accessible and interactive offers. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach and to derive design guidelines, we developed an interactive virtual replicate of a medieval mill. We present the design of the mill and the results of a preliminary usability evaluation.

  @inproceedings{fernes2021recreating, abstract = {Historic buildings shown in open-air museums often lack a good accessibility and visitors rarely can interact with them as well as displayed tools to learn about processes. Providing these buildings in Virtual Reality could be a great supplement for museums to provide accessible and interactive offers. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach and to derive design guidelines, we developed an interactive virtual replicate of a medieval mill. We present the design of the mill and the results of a preliminary usability evaluation.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Fernes, David and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST '21)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {Recreating a Medieval Mill as a Virtual Learning Environment}, year = 2021 }
• Visualisation methods for patient monitoring in anaesthetic procedures using augmented reality. Plabst, Lucas; Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Happel, Oliver; Niebling, Florian. In VRST ’21: 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Osaka, Japan, December 2021. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In health care, there are still many devices with poorly designed user interfaces that can lead to user errors. Especially in acute care, an error can lead to critical conditions in patients. Previous research has shown that the use of augmented reality can help to better monitor the condition of patients and better detect unforeseen events. The system created in this work is intended to aid in the detection of changes in patient and equipment-data in order to increase detection of critical conditions or errors.

  @inproceedings{plabst2021visualisation, abstract = {In health care, there are still many devices with poorly designed user interfaces that can lead to user errors. Especially in acute care, an error can lead to critical conditions in patients. Previous research has shown that the use of augmented reality can help to better monitor the condition of patients and better detect unforeseen events. The system created in this work is intended to aid in the detection of changes in patient and equipment-data in order to increase detection of critical conditions or errors.}, author = {Plabst, Lucas and Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Happel, Oliver and Niebling, Florian}, booktitle = {VRST '21: 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Osaka, Japan, December 2021}, keywords = {niebling}, month = 12, title = {Visualisation methods for patient monitoring in anaesthetic procedures using augmented reality}, year = 2021 }
• Conference Talk Training With a Virtual Audience System. Glémarec, Yann; Lugrin, Jean-luc; Bosser, Anne-Gwenn; Buche, Cédric; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  This paper presents the first prototype of a virtual audience sys-tem (VAS) specifically designed as a training tool for conferencetalks. This system has been tailored for university seminars dedi-cated to the preparation and delivery of scientific talks. We describethe required features which have been identified during the de-velopment process. We also summarize the preliminary feedbackreceived from lecturers and students during the first deployment ofthe system in seminars for bachelor and doctoral students. Finally,we discuss future work and research directions. We believe oursystem architecture and features are providing interesting insightson the development and integration of VR-based educational toolsinto university curriculum.

  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {This paper presents the first prototype of a virtual audience sys-tem (VAS) specifically designed as a training tool for conferencetalks. This system has been tailored for university seminars dedi-cated to the preparation and delivery of scientific talks. We describethe required features which have been identified during the de-velopment process. We also summarize the preliminary feedbackreceived from lecturers and students during the first deployment ofthe system in seminars for bachelor and doctoral students. Finally,we discuss future work and research directions. We believe oursystem architecture and features are providing interesting insightson the development and integration of VR-based educational toolsinto university curriculum.}, author = {Glémarec, Yann and Lugrin, Jean-luc and Bosser, Anne-Gwenn and Buche, Cédric and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, journal = {ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology}, keywords = {vraudi}, month = 12, title = {Conference Talk Training With a Virtual Audience System}, year = 2021 }
• CoBERT: Scientific Collaboration Prediction via Sequential Recommendation. Koopmann, Tobias; Kobs, Konstantin; Herud, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), S. 45–54. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Collaborations are an Important factor for scientific success, as the joint work leads to results individual scientists cannot easily reach. Recommending collaborations automatically can alleviate the time consuming and tedious search for potential collaborators. Usually, such recommendation systems rely on graph structures modeling co-authorship of papers and content-based relations such as similar paper keywords. Models are then trained to estimate the probability of links between certain authors in these graphs.In this paper, we argue that the order of papers is crucial for reliably predicting future collaborations, which is not considered by graph-based recommendation systems. We thus propose to reformulate the task of collaboration recommendation as a sequential recommendation task. Here, we aim to predict the next co-author in a chronologically sorted sequence of an author’s collaborators. We introduce CoBERT, a BERT4Rec inspired model, that predicts the sequence’s next co-author and thus a potential collaborator. Since the order of co-authors of a single paper is not that important compared to the overall paper order, we leverage positional embeddings encoding paper positions instead of co-author positions in the sequence. Additionally, we inject content features about every paper and their co-authors. We evaluate CoBERT on two datasets consisting of papers from the field of Artificial Intelligence and the journal PlosOne. We show that CoBERT can outperform graph-based methods and BERT4Rec when predicting the co-authors of the next paper. We make our code and data available.

  @inproceedings{koopmann2021cobert, abstract = {Collaborations are an Important factor for scientific success, as the joint work leads to results individual scientists cannot easily reach. Recommending collaborations automatically can alleviate the time consuming and tedious search for potential collaborators. Usually, such recommendation systems rely on graph structures modeling co-authorship of papers and content-based relations such as similar paper keywords. Models are then trained to estimate the probability of links between certain authors in these graphs.In this paper, we argue that the order of papers is crucial for reliably predicting future collaborations, which is not considered by graph-based recommendation systems. We thus propose to reformulate the task of collaboration recommendation as a sequential recommendation task. Here, we aim to predict the next co-author in a chronologically sorted sequence of an author’s collaborators. We introduce CoBERT, a BERT4Rec inspired model, that predicts the sequence’s next co-author and thus a potential collaborator. Since the order of co-authors of a single paper is not that important compared to the overall paper order, we leverage positional embeddings encoding paper positions instead of co-author positions in the sequence. Additionally, we inject content features about every paper and their co-authors. We evaluate CoBERT on two datasets consisting of papers from the field of Artificial Intelligence and the journal PlosOne. We show that CoBERT can outperform graph-based methods and BERT4Rec when predicting the co-authors of the next paper. We make our code and data available.}, author = {Koopmann, Tobias and Kobs, Konstantin and Herud, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)}, keywords = {recommender}, month = 12, pages = {45-54}, title = {CoBERT: Scientific Collaboration Prediction via Sequential Recommendation}, year = 2021 }
• Sequential Item Recommendation in the MOBA Game Dota 2. Dallmann, Alexander; Kohlmann, Johannes; Zoller, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), S. 10–17. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games such as Dota 2 attract hundreds of thousands of players every year. Despite the large player base, it is still important to attract new players to prevent the community of a game from becoming inactive. Entering MOBA games is, however, often demanding, requiring the player to learn numerous skills at once. An important factor of success is buying the correct items which forms a complex task depending on various in-game factors such as already purchased items, the team composition, or available resources. A recommendation system can support players by reducing the mental effort required to choose a suitable item, helping, e.g., newer players or players returning to the game after a longer break, to focus on other aspects of the game. Since Sequential Item Recommendation (SIR) has proven to be effective in various domains (e.g. e-commerce, movie recommendation or playlist continuation), we explore the applicability of well-known SIR models in the context of purchase recommendations in Dota 2. To facilitate this research, we collect, analyze and publish Dota-350k, a new large dataset based on recent Dota 2 matches. We find that SIR models can be employed effectively for item recommendation in Dota 2. Our results show that models that consider the order of purchases are the most effective. In contrast to other domains, we find RNN-based models to outperform the more recent Transformer-based architectures on Dota-350k.

  @inproceedings{9679858, abstract = {Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games such as Dota 2 attract hundreds of thousands of players every year. Despite the large player base, it is still important to attract new players to prevent the community of a game from becoming inactive. Entering MOBA games is, however, often demanding, requiring the player to learn numerous skills at once. An important factor of success is buying the correct items which forms a complex task depending on various in-game factors such as already purchased items, the team composition, or available resources. A recommendation system can support players by reducing the mental effort required to choose a suitable item, helping, e.g., newer players or players returning to the game after a longer break, to focus on other aspects of the game. Since Sequential Item Recommendation (SIR) has proven to be effective in various domains (e.g. e-commerce, movie recommendation or playlist continuation), we explore the applicability of well-known SIR models in the context of purchase recommendations in Dota 2. To facilitate this research, we collect, analyze and publish Dota-350k, a new large dataset based on recent Dota 2 matches. We find that SIR models can be employed effectively for item recommendation in Dota 2. Our results show that models that consider the order of purchases are the most effective. In contrast to other domains, we find RNN-based models to outperform the more recent Transformer-based architectures on Dota-350k.}, author = {Dallmann, Alexander and Kohlmann, Johannes and Zoller, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)}, keywords = {recommender}, month = 12, pages = {10-17}, title = {Sequential Item Recommendation in the MOBA Game Dota 2}, year = 2021 }
• People Detection with Depth Silhouettes and Convolutional Neural Networks on a Mobile Robot. Spiess, Florian; Reinhart, Lucas; Strobel, Norbert; Kaiser, Dennis; Kounev, Samuel; Kaupp, Tobias. In Journal of Image and Graphics, 9(4), J. of Image; Graphics (Hrsg.), S. 135–139. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{spiess2021people, author = {Spiess, Florian and Reinhart, Lucas and Strobel, Norbert and Kaiser, Dennis and Kounev, Samuel and Kaupp, Tobias}, editor = {of Image, Journal and Graphics}, journal = {Journal of Image and Graphics}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, month = 12, number = 4, pages = {135-139}, title = {People Detection with Depth Silhouettes and Convolutional Neural Networks on a Mobile Robot}, volume = 9, year = 2021 }
• Measuring the Performance Impact of Branching Instructions. Beierlieb, Lukas; Iffländer, Lukas; Milenkoski, Aleksandar; Prantl, Thomas; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Software Performance 2021 (SSP’21). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Beierlieb_2021_MeasuringthePerformanceImpactofBranchingInstructions., author = {Beierlieb, Lukas and Iffländer, Lukas and Milenkoski, Aleksandar and Prantl, Thomas and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Software Performance 2021 (SSP'21)}, keywords = {descartes}, month = 11, title = {Measuring the Performance Impact of Branching Instructions}, year = 2021 }
• Discrete-time Analysis of Multicomponent GI/GI/1 Queueing Networks. Geissler, Stefan; Lange, Stanislav; Tran-Gia, Phuoc; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  In this work, we provide initial insights regarding the error introduced into multicomponent queueing systems by assuming the departure processes of arbitrary GI/GI/1-∞ queues to be renewal processes. To this end, we compute the sojourn time distribution as well as departure distributions of a linear chain of queueing components and compare the results to a simulation of the same system. By applying the renewal approximation, potential autocorrelations of the departure processes are lost. We investigate the magnitude of this error regarding both the sojourn time as well as interdeparture time distributions for a broad set of parameters. Although more indepth studies are needed, our results show that both distributions can be closely approximated, which allows the application of the model to asses the performance of real world NFV function chains.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-4, abstract = {In this work, we provide initial insights regarding the error introduced into multicomponent queueing systems by assuming the departure processes of arbitrary GI/GI/1-∞ queues to be renewal processes. To this end, we compute the sojourn time distribution as well as departure distributions of a linear chain of queueing components and compare the results to a simulation of the same system. By applying the renewal approximation, potential autocorrelations of the departure processes are lost. We investigate the magnitude of this error regarding both the sojourn time as well as interdeparture time distributions for a broad set of parameters. Although more indepth studies are needed, our results show that both distributions can be closely approximated, which allows the application of the model to asses the performance of real world NFV function chains.}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Lange, Stanislav and Tran-Gia, Phuoc and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, title = {Discrete-time Analysis of Multicomponent GI/GI/1 Queueing Networks}, year = 2021 }
• Machine-Learning Based Prediction of Next HTTP Request Arrival Time in Adaptive Video Streaming. Pimpinella, Andrea; Redondi, Alessandro E.C.; Loh, Frank; Seufert, Michael. In 3rd International Workshop on High-Precision, Predictable, and Low-Latency Networking (HiPNet). Izmir, Turkey (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-18, address = {Izmir, Turkey (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Pimpinella, Andrea and Redondi, Alessandro E.C. and Loh, Frank and Seufert, Michael}, booktitle = {3rd International Workshop on High-Precision, Predictable, and Low-Latency Networking (HiPNet)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {Machine-Learning Based Prediction of Next HTTP Request Arrival Time in Adaptive Video Streaming}, year = 2021 }
• Fostering Intercultural Competencies in Initial Teacher Education. Implementation of Educational Design Prototypes using a Social VR Environment. Foerster, Kristina; Hein, Rebecca; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich; Wienrich, Carolin. In Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2020 2021, T. Bastiaens (Hrsg.), S. 73–86. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Online, United States, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  The combination of globalization and digitalization emphasizes the importance of media-related and intercultural competencies of teacher educators and pre-service teachers. This article reports on the initial prototypical implementation of a pedagogical concept to foster such competencies of pre-service teachers. The proposed pedagogical concept utilizes a social VR framework since related work on the characteristics of VR indicate that this medium is particularly well suited for intercultural professional development processes. The development is integrated into a larger design-based-research approach that develops a theory-guided and empirically grounded professional development concept for teacher educators with a special focus on TETC 8. TETC provide a suitable competence framework capable of aligning both requirements for media-related as well as intercultural competencies. In an exploratory study with student teachers we designed...

  @inproceedings{FoerHeinGraf2021ys, abstract = {The combination of globalization and digitalization emphasizes the importance of media-related and intercultural competencies of teacher educators and pre-service teachers. This article reports on the initial prototypical implementation of a pedagogical concept to foster such competencies of pre-service teachers. The proposed pedagogical concept utilizes a social VR framework since related work on the characteristics of VR indicate that this medium is particularly well suited for intercultural professional development processes. The development is integrated into a larger design-based-research approach that develops a theory-guided and empirically grounded professional development concept for teacher educators with a special focus on TETC 8. TETC provide a suitable competence framework capable of aligning both requirements for media-related as well as intercultural competencies. In an exploratory study with student teachers we designed...}, address = {Online, United States}, author = {Foerster, Kristina and Hein, Rebecca and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2020 2021}, editor = {Bastiaens, Theo}, keywords = {coteach}, month = 11, pages = {73–86}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, title = {Fostering Intercultural Competencies in Initial Teacher Education. Implementation of Educational Design Prototypes using a Social VR Environment}, year = 2021 }
• Energy-Efficiency Comparison of Common Sorting Algorithms. Schmitt, Norbert; Kamthania, Supriya; Rawtani, Nishant; Mendoza, Luis; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Kounev, Samuel. In 2021 29th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS), S. 1–8. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  With the rising demand for information technology comes an increase in energy consumption to power it. Namely, cloud computing is constantly growing, in part due to a rising number of devices using the cloud to provide certain functionality. This growth leads to an increase in energy consumption in data centers and is estimated to climb to over 1PWh in 2030. Hardware manufacturers counter the rising demand for energy in cloud data centers by providing techniques to make servers more energy-efficient. However, the advances cannot fully compensate for the growth. To further increase energy efficiency, software needs to be addressed as well but is often neglected by the developers.In this paper, we compare six sorting algorithms, a common task in most programs, against each other in terms of energy efficiency to allow developers to select the best solution to their problem. We selected well-known algorithms in two variants, and two implementation languages, C and Python. We ran each algorithm on two, out of four, state-of-the-art server systems with different CPUs.

  @inproceedings{9614299, abstract = {With the rising demand for information technology comes an increase in energy consumption to power it. Namely, cloud computing is constantly growing, in part due to a rising number of devices using the cloud to provide certain functionality. This growth leads to an increase in energy consumption in data centers and is estimated to climb to over 1PWh in 2030. Hardware manufacturers counter the rising demand for energy in cloud data centers by providing techniques to make servers more energy-efficient. However, the advances cannot fully compensate for the growth. To further increase energy efficiency, software needs to be addressed as well but is often neglected by the developers.In this paper, we compare six sorting algorithms, a common task in most programs, against each other in terms of energy efficiency to allow developers to select the best solution to their problem. We selected well-known algorithms in two variants, and two implementation languages, C and Python. We ran each algorithm on two, out of four, state-of-the-art server systems with different CPUs.}, author = {Schmitt, Norbert and Kamthania, Supriya and Rawtani, Nishant and Mendoza, Luis and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2021 29th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)}, keywords = {power}, month = 11, pages = {1-8}, title = {Energy-Efficiency Comparison of Common Sorting Algorithms}, year = 2021 }
• Towards Splitting Monolithic Workflows into Serverless Functions and Estimating Their Run-Time in the Earth Observation Domain. Kaiser, Dennis; Dovhan, Bohdan; Bauer, André; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Software Performance (SSP). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{kaiser2021split, author = {Kaiser, Dennis and Dovhan, Bohdan and Bauer, Andr{\'e} and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Software Performance (SSP)}, keywords = {severless}, month = 11, note = {Extended Abstract}, title = {{Towards Splitting Monolithic Workflows into Serverless Functions and Estimating Their Run-Time in the Earth Observation Domain}}, year = 2021 }
• Fostering Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs) in and with Virtual Reality. Results from an Exploratory Study. Schröter, Thomas; Tiede, Jennifer; Grafe, Silke; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2021, T. Bastiaens (Hrsg.), S. 160–170. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Online, United States, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This exploratory study presents the findings and implications of a three-hour further development workshop implemented with a convenience sample of six teacher educators from a German university. The workshop aimed at fostering the Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs)—with a special focus on virtual reality (VR)—while reverting to the didactic principle of action orientation. To test whether this didactic principle is suitable for fostering the media pedagogical competencies of the target group in and with VR and to identify further design principles, a mixed-methods approach was utilized. The data collection consisted of focus group interviews, which were analyzed via qualitative content analysis, and Teacher Educator Technology Surveys (TETS). The analysis revealed that action orientation is a valuable addition to established didactical models in higher education (HE). Also...

  @inproceedings{SchrTiedGraf2021yx, abstract = {This exploratory study presents the findings and implications of a three-hour further development workshop implemented with a convenience sample of six teacher educators from a German university. The workshop aimed at fostering the Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs)—with a special focus on virtual reality (VR)—while reverting to the didactic principle of action orientation. To test whether this didactic principle is suitable for fostering the media pedagogical competencies of the target group in and with VR and to identify further design principles, a mixed-methods approach was utilized. The data collection consisted of focus group interviews, which were analyzed via qualitative content analysis, and Teacher Educator Technology Surveys (TETS). The analysis revealed that action orientation is a valuable addition to established didactical models in higher education (HE). Also...}, address = {Online, United States}, author = {Schröter, Thomas and Tiede, Jennifer and Grafe, Silke and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Innovate Learning Summit 2021}, editor = {Bastiaens, Theo}, keywords = {Schröter}, month = 11, pages = {160–170}, publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)}, title = {Fostering Teacher Educator Technology Competencies (TETCs) in and with Virtual Reality. Results from an Exploratory Study.}, year = 2021 }
• Improving LoRaWAN’s Successful Information Transmission Rate with Redundancy. Loh, Frank; Raffeck, Simon; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 17th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The adaptation of Internet of Things in our everyday life shows different new demands and challenges. One of the fastest growing technologies in this context are Low Power Wide Area Networks with LoRaWAN as one of their most prominent representatives. The promise of this technology is to transmit sensor data over large distances with very little energy consumption. But transmission behavior, and especially overhead and collision probability, must be studied in detail to improve transmission quality and energy consumption due to the random access nature of LoRaWAN. Because of that, this work investigates the LoRaWAN channel capacity by analyzing the transmission overhead, the collision probability, and the data loss. At the end, an energy consumption comparison is done. The contribution is a novel approach based on aggregation and retransmission that shows a decreased data loss of up to 20% compared to the currently used random channel access.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-19, abstract = {The adaptation of Internet of Things in our everyday life shows different new demands and challenges. One of the fastest growing technologies in this context are Low Power Wide Area Networks with LoRaWAN as one of their most prominent representatives. The promise of this technology is to transmit sensor data over large distances with very little energy consumption. But transmission behavior, and especially overhead and collision probability, must be studied in detail to improve transmission quality and energy consumption due to the random access nature of LoRaWAN. Because of that, this work investigates the LoRaWAN channel capacity by analyzing the transmission overhead, the collision probability, and the data loss. At the end, an energy consumption comparison is done. The contribution is a novel approach based on aggregation and retransmission that shows a decreased data loss of up to 20% compared to the currently used random channel access.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {17th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)}, keywords = {5mart}, month = 10, title = {Improving LoRaWAN’s Successful Information Transmission Rate with Redundancy}, year = 2021 }
• Robust Gateway Placement for Scalable LoRaWAN. Loh, Frank; Bau, Dominique; Zink, Johannes; Wolff, Alexander; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 13th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Many exciting applications are currently emerging due to the use of technology from the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities. In recent years, Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) have become one of the main technologies in this field due to long distance coverage, low power consumption sensors, and economic reasons. So far, LoRaWANs have been planned and deployed mainly with the aim of minimizing the number of gateways, while still providing coverage in a geographic area. Packet collisions and future traffic have not been considered. In contrast, we present a gateway placement strategy that is robust against an increase in the number of sensors and in the network load. To this end, we modify an existing local search algorithm for a geometric set cover problem such that it takes the capacities of gateways into account. If we set these capacities below the maximum, the network can accommodate additional sensors in the future. Moreover, our algorithm can extend the initial placement once the capacities are exhausted.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-20, abstract = {Many exciting applications are currently emerging due to the use of technology from the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities. In recent years, Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWANs) have become one of the main technologies in this field due to long distance coverage, low power consumption sensors, and economic reasons. So far, LoRaWANs have been planned and deployed mainly with the aim of minimizing the number of gateways, while still providing coverage in a geographic area. Packet collisions and future traffic have not been considered. In contrast, we present a gateway placement strategy that is robust against an increase in the number of sensors and in the network load. To this end, we modify an existing local search algorithm for a geometric set cover problem such that it takes the capacities of gateways into account. If we set these capacities below the maximum, the network can accommodate additional sensors in the future. Moreover, our algorithm can extend the initial placement once the capacities are exhausted.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Bau, Dominique and Zink, Johannes and Wolff, Alexander and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {13th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC)}, keywords = {5mart}, month = 10, title = {Robust Gateway Placement for Scalable LoRaWAN}, year = 2021 }
• How are your Apps Doing? QoE Inference and Analysis in Mobile Devices. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Schüler, Joshua; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Izmir, Turkey (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Web browsing has become the most important application of the Internet for the end user. When it comes to mobile devices, web services are mainly accessed through apps. This paper tackles the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) in mobile devices, with a specific focus on apps QoE monitoring and analysis, using in-network (encrypted) traffic measurements. Measuring apps QoE is complex, not only from an instrumentation point of view, but also from the heterogeneity of user interactions which might realize substantially different user experience. To this end, we conduct a feasibility study on four specific and popular Android apps and their corresponding web services. Our test automation framework emulates and measures different user interactions commonly executed during an app session, including the app startup, clicking, scrolling, and searching. The resulting traffic is characterized on different dimensions, and machine learning models are trained to identify web services, apps, and user interactions, and to infer their QoE. The proposed models can correctly identify the specific web service and app in 86% of the cases and accurately estimate the associated QoE with small errors. Our preliminary study represents a first step towards an in-network, web QoE monitoring solution for mobile-device apps.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-15, abstract = {Web browsing has become the most important application of the Internet for the end user. When it comes to mobile devices, web services are mainly accessed through apps. This paper tackles the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) in mobile devices, with a specific focus on apps QoE monitoring and analysis, using in-network (encrypted) traffic measurements. Measuring apps QoE is complex, not only from an instrumentation point of view, but also from the heterogeneity of user interactions which might realize substantially different user experience. To this end, we conduct a feasibility study on four specific and popular Android apps and their corresponding web services. Our test automation framework emulates and measures different user interactions commonly executed during an app session, including the app startup, clicking, scrolling, and searching. The resulting traffic is characterized on different dimensions, and machine learning models are trained to identify web services, apps, and user interactions, and to infer their QoE. The proposed models can correctly identify the specific web service and app in 86% of the cases and accurately estimate the associated QoE with small errors. Our preliminary study represents a first step towards an in-network, web QoE monitoring solution for mobile-device apps.}, address = {Izmir, Turkey (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Schüler, Joshua and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {17th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {How are your Apps Doing? QoE Inference and Analysis in Mobile Devices}, year = 2021 }
• LoRaPlan: A Software to Evaluate Gateway Placement in LoRaWAN. Loh, Frank; Mehling, Noah; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 17th International Conference on Network and Service Management. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the fastest growing Internet of Things (IoT) access network solutions. One major challenge in current LoRaWAN planning is message collision due to the random channel access. To study the collision behavior in LoRaWAN, we present LoRaPlan in this demonstration. LoRaPlan is a software to evaluate gateway placement decisions by studying the collision probability. Therefore, sensor and gateway locations can be imported to create a LoRaWAN. Furthermore, existing networks can be extended by additional gateways. Based on this setup, network coverage, network quality with regard to the number of sensors a single gateway has to manage, and also transmission quality and collision probabilities can be studied. In this demonstration, first the process of network creation with gateway and sensor import and additional manual gateway placement in LoRaPlan is presented. Different adjustable parameters are shown and the influence on network coverage and collision probability is discussed. At the end of this demonstration, it is possible for the audience to place their own gateways and evaluate own placements by means of collision probability and the coverage.

  @article{info3-article-2021-11, abstract = {Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the fastest growing Internet of Things (IoT) access network solutions. One major challenge in current LoRaWAN planning is message collision due to the random channel access. To study the collision behavior in LoRaWAN, we present LoRaPlan in this demonstration. LoRaPlan is a software to evaluate gateway placement decisions by studying the collision probability. Therefore, sensor and gateway locations can be imported to create a LoRaWAN. Furthermore, existing networks can be extended by additional gateways. Based on this setup, network coverage, network quality with regard to the number of sensors a single gateway has to manage, and also transmission quality and collision probabilities can be studied. In this demonstration, first the process of network creation with gateway and sensor import and additional manual gateway placement in LoRaPlan is presented. Different adjustable parameters are shown and the influence on network coverage and collision probability is discussed. At the end of this demonstration, it is possible for the audience to place their own gateways and evaluate own placements by means of collision probability and the coverage.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {17th International Conference on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {5mart}, month = 10, title = {LoRaPlan: A Software to Evaluate Gateway Placement in LoRaWAN}, year = 2021 }
• Do Different Deep Metric Learning Losses Lead to Similar Learned Features?. Kobs, Konstantin; Steininger, Michael; Dulny, Andrzej; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), S. 10644–10654. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{noauthororeditor, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Steininger, Michael and Dulny, Andrzej and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)}, keywords = 2021, month = 10, pages = {10644-10654}, title = {Do Different Deep Metric Learning Losses Lead to Similar Learned Features?}, year = 2021 }
• Dynamic Real-Time Stream Reservation with TAS and Shared Time Windows. Grigorjew, Alexej; Gray, Nicholas; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2nd International Workshop on Time-Sensitive and Deterministic Networking (TENSOR). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Motivated by new use cases such as industrial automation and in-vehicle communication, Time-Sensitive Networking is further improving the layer~2 standards for real-time communication in Ethernet networks. As periodic traffic is a common requirement in such scenarios, the Time Aware Shaper (TAS) is a highly popular mechanism that allows the realization of real-time guarantees in synchronized networks. Most applications in literature suggest to configure the TAS for full stream isolation such that the lowest delays can be achieved. However, this ``zero-queuing'' strategy requires a high amount of computational resources and time, as the configuration of the gate control lists of each port is a complex task, which is not suitable for scenarios with dynamically changing requirements. This paper presents a novel approach with shared time windows. In combination with stream reservation techniques that are commonly applied for asynchronous mechanisms, the network is able to accept new streams during operation without complex reconfiguration, while still benefiting from some degree of isolation compared to conventional asynchronous shapers. The evaluation shows that, given the right circumstances, the number of accepted real-time streams can be improved significantly.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-7, abstract = {Motivated by new use cases such as industrial automation and in-vehicle communication, Time-Sensitive Networking is further improving the layer 2 standards for real-time communication in Ethernet networks. As periodic traffic is a common requirement in such scenarios, the Time Aware Shaper (TAS) is a highly popular mechanism that allows the realization of real-time guarantees in synchronized networks. Most applications in literature suggest to configure the TAS for full stream isolation such that the lowest delays can be achieved. However, this ``zero-queuing'' strategy requires a high amount of computational resources and time, as the configuration of the gate control lists of each port is a complex task, which is not suitable for scenarios with dynamically changing requirements. This paper presents a novel approach with shared time windows. In combination with stream reservation techniques that are commonly applied for asynchronous mechanisms, the network is able to accept new streams during operation without complex reconfiguration, while still benefiting from some degree of isolation compared to conventional asynchronous shapers. The evaluation shows that, given the right circumstances, the number of accepted real-time streams can be improved significantly.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Gray, Nicholas and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2nd International Workshop on Time-Sensitive and Deterministic Networking (TENSOR)}, keywords = {ngn}, month = {06}, title = {Dynamic Real-Time Stream Reservation with TAS and Shared Time Windows}, year = 2021 }
• Comparison of Transformer-Based Sequential Product Recommendation Models for the Coveo Data Challenge. Fischer, Elisabeth; Zoller, Daniel; Hotho, Andreas. In SIGIR Workshop On eCommerce. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{fischer2021comparison, author = {Fischer, Elisabeth and Zoller, Daniel and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {SIGIR Workshop On eCommerce}, keywords = 2021, month = {07}, title = {Comparison of Transformer-Based Sequential Product Recommendation Models for the Coveo Data Challenge}, year = 2021 }
• High Performance Network Metadata Extraction Using P4 for ML-Based Intrusion Detection Systems. Gray, Nicholas; Dietz, Katharina; Seufert, Michael; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 22nd International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR). Paris, France (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-8, address = {Paris, France (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Gray, Nicholas and Dietz, Katharina and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {22nd International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {06}, title = {High Performance Network Metadata Extraction Using P4 for ML-Based Intrusion Detection Systems}, year = 2021 }
• Semi-unsupervised Learning: An In-depth Parameter Analysis. Davidson, Padraig; Buckermann, Florian; Steininger, Michael; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In KI 2021: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, S. Edelkamp, R. Möller, E. Rueckert (Hrsg.), S. 51–66. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Creating datasets for supervised learning is a very challenging and expensive task, in which each input example has to be annotated with its expected output (e.g. object class). By combining unsupervised and semi-supervised learning, semi-unsupervised learning proposes a new paradigm for partially labeled datasets with additional unknown classes. In this paper we focus on a better understanding of this new learning paradigm and analyze the impact of the amount of labeled data, the number of augmented classes and the selection of hidden classes on the quality of prediction. Especially the number of augmented classes highly influences classification accuracy, which needs tuning for each dataset, since too few and too many augmented classes are detrimental to classifier performance. We also show that we can improve results on a large variety of datasets when using convolutional networks as feature extractors while applying output driven entropy regularization instead of a simple weight based L2 norm.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-87626-5_5, abstract = {Creating datasets for supervised learning is a very challenging and expensive task, in which each input example has to be annotated with its expected output (e.g. object class). By combining unsupervised and semi-supervised learning, semi-unsupervised learning proposes a new paradigm for partially labeled datasets with additional unknown classes. In this paper we focus on a better understanding of this new learning paradigm and analyze the impact of the amount of labeled data, the number of augmented classes and the selection of hidden classes on the quality of prediction. Especially the number of augmented classes highly influences classification accuracy, which needs tuning for each dataset, since too few and too many augmented classes are detrimental to classifier performance. We also show that we can improve results on a large variety of datasets when using convolutional networks as feature extractors while applying output driven entropy regularization instead of a simple weight based L2 norm.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Davidson, Padraig and Buckermann, Florian and Steininger, Michael and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {KI 2021: Advances in Artificial Intelligence}, editor = {Edelkamp, Stefan and M{\"o}ller, Ralf and Rueckert, Elmar}, keywords = {susl}, pages = {51–66}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {Semi-unsupervised Learning: An In-depth Parameter Analysis}, year = 2021 }
• Extending Partial Representations of Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations. Chaplick, Steven; Kindermann, Philipp; Klawitter, Jonathan; Rutter, Ignaz; Wolff, Alexander. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Algorithms and Complexity (CIAC’21), A. Philippou, C. Georgiou (Hrsg.). 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  A rectangular dual of a graph G is a contact representation of G with axis-aligned rectangles such that (i) no four rectangles share a point and (ii) the union of all rectangles is a rectangle. The partial representation extension problem for rectangular duals asks whether a given partial rectangular dual can be extended to a rectangular dual, that is, whether there exists a rectangular dual where some vertices are represented by prescribed rectangles. Combinatorially, a rectangular dual can be described by a regular edge labeling (REL), which determines the orientations of the rectangle contacts. We characterize the RELs that admit an extension, which leads to a linear-time testing algorithm. In the affirmative, we can construct an extension in linear time.

  @inproceedings{ckkrw-eprrd-ciac21, abstract = {A rectangular dual of a graph G is a contact representation of G with axis-aligned rectangles such that (i) no four rectangles share a point and (ii) the union of all rectangles is a rectangle. The partial representation extension problem for rectangular duals asks whether a given partial rectangular dual can be extended to a rectangular dual, that is, whether there exists a rectangular dual where some vertices are represented by prescribed rectangles. Combinatorially, a rectangular dual can be described by a regular edge labeling (REL), which determines the orientations of the rectangle contacts. We characterize the RELs that admit an extension, which leads to a linear-time testing algorithm. In the affirmative, we can construct an extension in linear time.}, author = {Chaplick, Steven and Kindermann, Philipp and Klawitter, Jonathan and Rutter, Ignaz and Wolff, Alexander}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Algorithms and Complexity (CIAC'21)}, editor = {Philippou, Anna and Georgiou, Chryssis}, keywords = {myown}, note = {To appear}, title = {Extending Partial Representations of Rectangular Duals with Given Contact Orientations}, year = 2021 }
• ComBench: A Benchmarking Framework for Publish/Subscribe Communication Protocols Under Network Limitations. Herrnleben, Stefan; Leidinger, Maximilian; Lesch, Veronika; Prantl, Thomas; Grohmann, Johannes; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, Q. Zhao, L. Xia (Hrsg.), S. 72–92. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Efficient and dependable communication is a highly relevant aspect for Internet of Things (IoT) systems in which tiny sensors, actuators, wearables, or other smart devices exchange messages. Various publish/subscribe protocols address the challenges of communication in IoT systems. The selection process of a suitable protocol should consider the communication behavior of the application, the protocol's performance, the resource requirements on the end device, and the network connection quality, as IoT environments often rely on wireless networks. Benchmarking is a common approach to evaluate and compare systems, considering the performance and aspects like dependability or security. In this paper, we present our IoT communication benchmarking framework ComBench for publish/subscribe protocols focusing on constrained networks with varying quality conditions. The benchmarking framework supports system designers, software engineers, and application developers to select and investigate the behavior of communication protocols. Our benchmarking framework contributes to (i) show the impact of fluctuating network quality on communication, (ii) compare multiple protocols, protocol features, and protocol implementations, and (iii) analyze scalability, robustness, and dependability of clients, networks, and brokers in different scenarios. Our case study demonstrates the applicability of our framework to support the decision for the best-suited protocol in various scenarios.

  @inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-030-92511-6_5, abstract = {Efficient and dependable communication is a highly relevant aspect for Internet of Things (IoT) systems in which tiny sensors, actuators, wearables, or other smart devices exchange messages. Various publish/subscribe protocols address the challenges of communication in IoT systems. The selection process of a suitable protocol should consider the communication behavior of the application, the protocol's performance, the resource requirements on the end device, and the network connection quality, as IoT environments often rely on wireless networks. Benchmarking is a common approach to evaluate and compare systems, considering the performance and aspects like dependability or security. In this paper, we present our IoT communication benchmarking framework ComBench for publish/subscribe protocols focusing on constrained networks with varying quality conditions. The benchmarking framework supports system designers, software engineers, and application developers to select and investigate the behavior of communication protocols. Our benchmarking framework contributes to (i) show the impact of fluctuating network quality on communication, (ii) compare multiple protocols, protocol features, and protocol implementations, and (iii) analyze scalability, robustness, and dependability of clients, networks, and brokers in different scenarios. Our case study demonstrates the applicability of our framework to support the decision for the best-suited protocol in various scenarios.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Herrnleben, Stefan and Leidinger, Maximilian and Lesch, Veronika and Prantl, Thomas and Grohmann, Johannes and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools}, editor = {Zhao, Qianchuan and Xia, Li}, keywords = {networking}, pages = {72–92}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {ComBench: A Benchmarking Framework for Publish/Subscribe Communication Protocols Under Network Limitations}, year = 2021 }
• Serverless Applications:Why, When, and How?. Eismann, Simon; Joel, Scheuner; van Eyk, Erwin; Schwinger, Maximilian; Grohmann, Johannes; Herbst, Nikolas; Abad, Cristina; Iosup, Alexandru. In IEEE Software, 38(1), S. 32–39. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Serverless computing shows good promise for efficiency and ease-of-use. Yet, there are only a few, scattered and sometimes conflicting reports on questions such as Why do so many companies adopt serverless?, When are serverless applications well suited?, and How are serverless applications currently implemented? To address these questions, we analyze 89 serverless applications from open-source projects, industrial sources, academic literature, and scientific computing—the most extensive study to date.

  @article{eismann2020serverless, abstract = {Serverless computing shows good promise for efficiency and ease-of-use. Yet, there are only a few, scattered and sometimes conflicting reports on questions such as Why do so many companies adopt serverless?, When are serverless applications well suited?, and How are serverless applications currently implemented? To address these questions, we analyze 89 serverless applications from open-source projects, industrial sources, academic literature, and scientific computing—the most extensive study to date.}, author = {Eismann, Simon and Joel, Scheuner and van Eyk, Erwin and Schwinger, Maximilian and Grohmann, Johannes and Herbst, Nikolas and Abad, Cristina and Iosup, Alexandru}, journal = {IEEE Software}, keywords = {t_journalmagazine}, number = 1, pages = {32–39}, title = {Serverless Applications:Why, When, and How?}, volume = 38, year = 2021 }
• Put that Away and Talk to Me - the Effects of Smartphone induced Ostracism while Interacting with an Intelligent Virtual Agent. Obremski, David; Schäfer, Alicia L.; Lange, Benjamin P.; Lugrin, Birgit; Ganal, Elisabeth; Witt, Laura; Nuñez, Tania R.; Schwarz, Sascha; Schwab, Frank. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction 2021. ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Obremski_2021, author = {Obremski, David and Schäfer, Alicia L. and Lange, Benjamin P. and Lugrin, Birgit and Ganal, Elisabeth and Witt, Laura and Nuñez, Tania R. and Schwarz, Sascha and Schwab, Frank}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction 2021}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Put that Away and Talk to Me - the Effects of Smartphone induced Ostracism while Interacting with an Intelligent Virtual Agent}, year = 2021 }
• The emotional robotic storyteller: On the influence of affect congruency on narrative transportation, robot perception, and persuasion. Appel, Markus; Lugrin, Birgit; Kühle, Mayla; Heindl, Corinna. In Computers in Human Behavior, S. 106749. Elsevier, 2021.
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  • [ URL ]
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  @article{Appel_2021, author = {Appel, Markus and Lugrin, Birgit and Kühle, Mayla and Heindl, Corinna}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior}, keywords = {mi}, pages = 106749, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {The emotional robotic storyteller: On the influence of affect congruency on narrative transportation, robot perception, and persuasion}, year = 2021 }
• Self-Supervised Multi-Task Pretraining Improves Image Aesthetic Assessment. Pfister, Jan; Kobs, Konstantin; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, S. 816–825. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{Pfister_2021_CVPR, author = {Pfister, Jan and Kobs, Konstantin and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops}, keywords = 2021, month = {06}, pages = {816-825}, title = {Self-Supervised Multi-Task Pretraining Improves Image Aesthetic Assessment}, year = 2021 }
• Shared Task on Scene Segmentation @ KONVENS 2021. Zehe, Albin; Konle, Leonard; Guhr, Svenja; Dümpelmann, Lea; Gius, Evelyn; Hotho, Andreas; Jannidis, Fotis; Kaufmann, Lucas; Krug, Markus; Puppe, Frank; Reiter, Nils; Schreiber, Annekea. In Shared Task on Scene Segmentation @ KONVENS 2021, S. 1–21. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{zehe2021shared, author = {Zehe, Albin and Konle, Leonard and Guhr, Svenja and Dümpelmann, Lea and Gius, Evelyn and Hotho, Andreas and Jannidis, Fotis and Kaufmann, Lucas and Krug, Markus and Puppe, Frank and Reiter, Nils and Schreiber, Annekea}, booktitle = {Shared Task on Scene Segmentation @ KONVENS 2021}, keywords = 2021, pages = {1-21}, title = {Shared Task on Scene Segmentation @ KONVENS 2021}, year = 2021 }
• Detecting Scenes in Fiction: A new Segmentation Task. Zehe, Albin; Konle, Leonard; Dümpelmann, Lea; Gius, Evelyn; Hotho, Andreas; Jannidis, Fotis; Kaufmann, Lucas; Krug, Markus; Puppe, Frank; Reiter, Nils; Schreiber, Annekea; Wiedmer, Nathalie. In Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers. ACL, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{zehe2021detecting, author = {Zehe, Albin and Konle, Leonard and Dümpelmann, Lea and Gius, Evelyn and Hotho, Andreas and Jannidis, Fotis and Kaufmann, Lucas and Krug, Markus and Puppe, Frank and Reiter, Nils and Schreiber, Annekea and Wiedmer, Nathalie}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the {E}uropean Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers}, keywords = {selected}, publisher = {ACL}, title = {Detecting Scenes in Fiction: A new Segmentation Task}, year = 2021 }
• Proximity dimensions and the emergence of collaboration: a HypTrails study on German AI research. Koopmann, Tobias; Stubbemann, Maximilian; Kapa, Matthias; Paris, Michael; Buenstorf, Guido; Hanika, Tom; Hotho, Andreas; Jäschke, Robert; Stumme, Gerd. In Scientometrics. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  Creation and exchange of knowledge depends on collaboration. Recent work has suggested that the emergence of collaboration frequently relies on geographic proximity. However, being co-located tends to be associated with other dimensions of proximity, such as social ties or a shared organizational environment. To account for such factors, multiple dimensions of proximity have been proposed, including cognitive, institutional, organizational, social and geographical proximity. Since they strongly interrelate, disentangling these dimensions and their respective impact on collaboration is challenging. To address this issue, we propose various methods for measuring different dimensions of proximity. We then present an approach to compare and rank them with respect to the extent to which they indicate co-publications and co-inventions. We adapt the HypTrails approach, which was originally developed to explain human navigation, to co-author and co-inventor graphs. We evaluate this approach on a subset of the German research community, specifically academic authors and inventors active in research on artificial intelligence (AI). We find that social proximity and cognitive proximity are more important for the emergence of collaboration than geographic proximity.

  @article{koopmann2021proximity, abstract = {Creation and exchange of knowledge depends on collaboration. Recent work has suggested that the emergence of collaboration frequently relies on geographic proximity. However, being co-located tends to be associated with other dimensions of proximity, such as social ties or a shared organizational environment. To account for such factors, multiple dimensions of proximity have been proposed, including cognitive, institutional, organizational, social and geographical proximity. Since they strongly interrelate, disentangling these dimensions and their respective impact on collaboration is challenging. To address this issue, we propose various methods for measuring different dimensions of proximity. We then present an approach to compare and rank them with respect to the extent to which they indicate co-publications and co-inventions. We adapt the HypTrails approach, which was originally developed to explain human navigation, to co-author and co-inventor graphs. We evaluate this approach on a subset of the German research community, specifically academic authors and inventors active in research on artificial intelligence (AI). We find that social proximity and cognitive proximity are more important for the emergence of collaboration than geographic proximity.}, author = {Koopmann, Tobias and Stubbemann, Maximilian and Kapa, Matthias and Paris, Michael and Buenstorf, Guido and Hanika, Tom and Hotho, Andreas and Jäschke, Robert and Stumme, Gerd}, journal = {Scientometrics}, keywords = {regio}, title = {Proximity dimensions and the emergence of collaboration: a HypTrails study on German AI research}, year = 2021 }
• Malware detection on windows audit logs using LSTMs. Ring, Markus; Schlör, Daniel; Wunderlich, Sarah; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Computers & Security, 109, S. 102389. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Malware is a constant threat and is continuously evolving. Security systems try to keep up with the constant change. One challenge that arises is the large amount of logs generated on an operating system and the need to clarify which information contributes to the detection of possible malware. This work aims at the detection of malware using neural networks based on Windows audit log events. Neural networks can only process continuous data, but Windows audit logs are sequential and textual data. To address these challenges, we extract features out of the audit log events and use LSTMs to capture sequential effects. We create different subsets of features and analyze the effects of additional information. Features describe for example the action-type of windows audit log events, process names or target files that are accessed. Textual features are represented either as one-hot encoding or embedding representation, for which we compare three different approaches for representation learning. Effects of different feature subsets and representations are evaluated on a publicly available data set. Results indicate that using additional information improves the performance of the LSTM-model. While different representations lead to similar classification results, analysis of the latent space shows differences more precisely where FastText seems to be the most promising representation.

  @article{RING2021102389, abstract = {Malware is a constant threat and is continuously evolving. Security systems try to keep up with the constant change. One challenge that arises is the large amount of logs generated on an operating system and the need to clarify which information contributes to the detection of possible malware. This work aims at the detection of malware using neural networks based on Windows audit log events. Neural networks can only process continuous data, but Windows audit logs are sequential and textual data. To address these challenges, we extract features out of the audit log events and use LSTMs to capture sequential effects. We create different subsets of features and analyze the effects of additional information. Features describe for example the action-type of windows audit log events, process names or target files that are accessed. Textual features are represented either as one-hot encoding or embedding representation, for which we compare three different approaches for representation learning. Effects of different feature subsets and representations are evaluated on a publicly available data set. Results indicate that using additional information improves the performance of the LSTM-model. While different representations lead to similar classification results, analysis of the latent space shows differences more precisely where FastText seems to be the most promising representation.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Schlör, Daniel and Wunderlich, Sarah and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Computers & Security}, keywords = {logs}, pages = 102389, title = {Malware detection on windows audit logs using LSTMs}, volume = 109, year = 2021 }
• A Comparison of Mechanisms for Compensating Negative Impacts of System Integration. Lesch, Veronika; Krupitzer, Christian; Stubenrauch, Kevin; Keil, Nico; Becker, Christian; Kounev, Samuel; Segata, Michele. In Future Generation Computer Systems, 116, S. 117–131. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @article{lesch2020comparison, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Krupitzer, Christian and Stubenrauch, Kevin and Keil, Nico and Becker, Christian and Kounev, Samuel and Segata, Michele}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}, keywords = {platooning}, month = {03}, pages = {117-131}, title = {A Comparison of Mechanisms for Compensating Negative Impacts of System Integration}, volume = 116, year = 2021 }
• Benchmarking of Pre- and Post-Quantum Group Encryption Schemes with Focus on IoT. Prantl, Thomas; Prantl, Dominik; Bauer, André; Iffländer, Lukas; Dmitrenko, Alexandra; Krupitzer, Christian; Kounev, Samuel. In 2021 IEEE 40th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrPrBaIfDmKrKo2021-IPCCC-QuantumGroupEncryption, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Prantl, Dominik and Bauer, André and Iffländer, Lukas and Dmitrenko, Alexandra and Krupitzer, Christian and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE 40th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)}, keywords = {sss-group}, title = {Benchmarking of Pre- and Post-Quantum Group Encryption Schemes with Focus on IoT}, year = 2021 }
• Modding Support of Game Engines. Schreiner, Lukas; von Mammen, Sebastian. In The 16th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) 2021, von FDG’21. Association for Computing Machinery, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This paper aims at showing how different game engines support modding. To this end, the concepts of modding and game engines alongside their historical evolution are introduced first. Additionally, some well-known game engines and mods are presented, and their unique features are described. Further, the effects of using game engines and those that modding has on games, developers, and players are laid out. Particular focus is placed on the effects on competitive games. These effects include an enhanced lifespan for games and the requirement for more development effort. Finally, the modding-support of selected game engines is illustrated and compared with each other. These engines are the id Tech engine(s), Unreal Engine, the Source engine, and Unity. The paper is then concluded with an outlook on future research possibilities and recommendations to developers.

  @inproceedings{Schreiner:2021ab, abstract = {This paper aims at showing how different game engines support modding. To this end, the concepts of modding and game engines alongside their historical evolution are introduced first. Additionally, some well-known game engines and mods are presented, and their unique features are described. Further, the effects of using game engines and those that modding has on games, developers, and players are laid out. Particular focus is placed on the effects on competitive games. These effects include an enhanced lifespan for games and the requirement for more development effort. Finally, the modding-support of selected game engines is illustrated and compared with each other. These engines are the id Tech engine(s), Unreal Engine, the Source engine, and Unity. The paper is then concluded with an outlook on future research possibilities and recommendations to developers.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Schreiner, Lukas and von Mammen, Sebastian}, booktitle = {The 16th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) 2021}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {FDG'21}, title = {Modding Support of Game Engines}, year = 2021 }
• The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition. Lugrin, Birgit; Pelachaud, Catherine; Traum, David. ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  @book{2021, author = {Lugrin, Birgit and Pelachaud, Catherine and Traum, David}, keywords = {mi}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents – 20 Years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics, Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, Cognition}, year = 2021 }
• Your New Friend NAO vs. Robot No. 783 - Effects of Personal or Impersonal Framing in a Robotic Storytelling Use Case. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Gabel, Juliane J.; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021), C. Bethel, A. Paiva, E. Broadbent, D. Feil-Seifer, D. Szafir (Hrsg.). ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
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  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Steinhaeusser_2021, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Gabel, Juliane J. and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021)}, editor = {Bethel, Cindy and Paiva, Ana and Broadbent, Elizabeth and Feil-Seifer, David and Szafir, Daniel}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Your New Friend NAO vs. Robot No. 783 - Effects of Personal or Impersonal Framing in a Robotic Storytelling Use Case}, year = 2021 }
• Anthropomorphize me! - Effects of Robot Gender on Listeners’ Perception of the Social Robot NAO in a Storytelling Use Case. Steinhaeusser, Sophia C.; Schaper, Philipp; Akuffo, Ohenewa Bediako; Friedrich, Paula; Ön, Jülide; Lugrin, Birgit. In Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021), C. Bethel, A. Paiva, E. Broadbent, D. Feil-Seifer, D. Szafir (Hrsg.). ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Steinhaeusser_2021, author = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Schaper, Philipp and Akuffo, Ohenewa Bediako and Friedrich, Paula and Ön, Jülide and Lugrin, Birgit}, booktitle = {Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2021)}, editor = {Bethel, Cindy and Paiva, Ana and Broadbent, Elizabeth and Feil-Seifer, David and Szafir, Daniel}, keywords = {steinhaeusser}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Anthropomorphize me! - Effects of Robot Gender on Listeners' Perception of the Social Robot NAO in a Storytelling Use Case}, year = 2021 }
• Ka-Boom!!! Visually Exploring Latency Measurements for XR. Stauffert, Jan-Philipp; Korwisi, Kristof; Niebling, Florian; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, von CHI EA ’21. Association for Computing Machinery, Yokohama, Japan, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Latency can be detrimental for the experience of Virtual Reality. High latency can lead to loss of performance and cybersickness. There are simple approaches to measure approximate latency and more elaborated for more insight into latency behavior. Yet there are still researchers who do not measure the latency of the system they are using to conduct VR experiments. This paper provides an illustrated overview of different approaches to measure latency of VR applications, as well as a small decision-making guide to assist in the choice of the measurement method. The visual style offers a more approachable way to understand how to measure latency.

  @inproceedings{stauffert_kaboom_2021, abstract = {Latency can be detrimental for the experience of Virtual Reality. High latency can lead to loss of performance and cybersickness. There are simple approaches to measure approximate latency and more elaborated for more insight into latency behavior. Yet there are still researchers who do not measure the latency of the system they are using to conduct VR experiments. This paper provides an illustrated overview of different approaches to measure latency of VR applications, as well as a small decision-making guide to assist in the choice of the measurement method. The visual style offers a more approachable way to understand how to measure latency.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Stauffert, Jan-Philipp and Korwisi, Kristof and Niebling, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, keywords = {myown}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, series = {CHI EA '21}, title = {Ka-Boom!!! Visually Exploring Latency Measurements for XR}, year = 2021 }
• The Embodiment of Photorealistic Avatars Influences Female Body Weight Perception in Virtual Reality. Wolf, Erik; Merdan, Nathalie; Döllinger, Nina; Mal, David; Wienrich, Carolin; Botsch, Mario; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In 2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), S. 65–74. 2021.
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  • [ DOI ]
  Embodiment and body perception have become important research topics in the field of virtual reality (VR). VR is considered a particularly promising tool to support research and therapy in regard to distorted body weight perception. However, the influence of embodiment on body weight perception has yet to be clarified. To address this gap, we compared body weight perception of 56 female participants of normal weight using a VR application. They either (a) self-embodied a photorealistic, non-personalized virtual human and performed body movements in front of a virtual mirror or (b) only observed the virtual human as other's avatar (or agent) performing the same movements in front of them. Afterward, participants had to estimate the virtual human's body weight. Additionally, we considered the influence of the participants' body mass index (BMI) on the estimations and captured the participants' feelings of presence and embodiment. Participants estimated the body weight of the virtual human as their embodied self-avatars significantly lower compared to participants rating the virtual human as other's avatar. Furthermore, the estimations of body weight were significantly predicted by the participant's BMI with embodiment, but not without. Our results clearly highlight embodiment as an important factor influencing the perception of virtual humans' body weights in VR.

  @inproceedings{wolf2021embodiment, abstract = {Embodiment and body perception have become important research topics in the field of virtual reality (VR). VR is considered a particularly promising tool to support research and therapy in regard to distorted body weight perception. However, the influence of embodiment on body weight perception has yet to be clarified. To address this gap, we compared body weight perception of 56 female participants of normal weight using a VR application. They either (a) self-embodied a photorealistic, non-personalized virtual human and performed body movements in front of a virtual mirror or (b) only observed the virtual human as other's avatar (or agent) performing the same movements in front of them. Afterward, participants had to estimate the virtual human's body weight. Additionally, we considered the influence of the participants' body mass index (BMI) on the estimations and captured the participants' feelings of presence and embodiment. Participants estimated the body weight of the virtual human as their embodied self-avatars significantly lower compared to participants rating the virtual human as other's avatar. Furthermore, the estimations of body weight were significantly predicted by the participant's BMI with embodiment, but not without. Our results clearly highlight embodiment as an important factor influencing the perception of virtual humans' body weights in VR.}, author = {Wolf, Erik and Merdan, Nathalie and Döllinger, Nina and Mal, David and Wienrich, Carolin and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)}, keywords = {vitras}, pages = {65-74}, title = {The Embodiment of Photorealistic Avatars Influences Female Body Weight Perception in Virtual Reality}, year = 2021 }
• Digitale Leseförderung: Konzeption und Evaluation der "Mobilen Leseförderung". Heß, J.; Karageorgos, P.; Richter, T.; Müller, B.; Riedmann, A.; Schaper, P.; Lugrin, B. In Round Table-Session präsentiert auf der Online-Tagung der Fachgruppe Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @conference{hess2021digitale, author = {Heß, J. and Karageorgos, P. and Richter, T. and Müller, B. and Riedmann, A. and Schaper, P. and Lugrin, B.}, booktitle = {Round Table-Session präsentiert auf der Online-Tagung der Fachgruppe Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs)}, keywords = {mi}, title = {Digitale Leseförderung: Konzeption und Evaluation der "Mobilen Leseförderung"}, year = 2021 }
• A financial game with opportunities for fraud. Tritscher, Julian; Krause, Anna; Schlör, Daniel; Gwinner, Fabian; Von Mammen, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), S. 1–5. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  @inproceedings{Tritscher:2021aa, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Krause, Anna and Schlör, Daniel and Gwinner, Fabian and Von Mammen, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)}, keywords = {myown}, pages = {1-5}, title = {A financial game with opportunities for fraud}, year = 2021 }
• Talk to Me: Investigating the Traffic Characteristics of Amazon Echo Dot and Google Home. Loh, Frank; Geissler, Stefan; Schaible, Fabian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In International Conference on Communications and Electronics, ICCE. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The application area of smart speakers is steadily increasing with the Amazon Echo family and Google Home being brand leaders. Use cases include, among others, updating the calendar, home automation, or simply assisting users in their every day life. With the increasing amount of devices, the traffic generation and requesting process becomes a relevant subject to be studied in order to create traffic models and predict the impact on networks by these types of devices. Furthermore, with a detailed understanding of the devices, service quality can be monitored and improved for the end user. For that reason, in this work the requesting and traffic generation process of the Amazon Echo Dot and Google Home are studied and the generated network load of both devices is compared. With the insights of this study and additional device usage statistics, detailed traffic and usage models can be created.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-5, abstract = {The application area of smart speakers is steadily increasing with the Amazon Echo family and Google Home being brand leaders. Use cases include, among others, updating the calendar, home automation, or simply assisting users in their every day life. With the increasing amount of devices, the traffic generation and requesting process becomes a relevant subject to be studied in order to create traffic models and predict the impact on networks by these types of devices. Furthermore, with a detailed understanding of the devices, service quality can be monitored and improved for the end user. For that reason, in this work the requesting and traffic generation process of the Amazon Echo Dot and Google Home are studied and the generated network load of both devices is compared. With the insights of this study and additional device usage statistics, detailed traffic and usage models can be created.}, author = {Loh, Frank and Geissler, Stefan and Schaible, Fabian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {International Conference on Communications and Electronics, ICCE}, keywords = {myown}, month = {01}, title = {Talk to Me: Investigating the Traffic Characteristics of Amazon Echo Dot and Google Home}, year = 2021 }
• A financial game with opportunities for fraud. Tritscher, Julian; Krause, Anna; Schlör, Daniel; Gwinner, Fabian; von Mammen, Sebastian; Hotho, Andreas. In IEE COG 2021, 2021. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  Even though companies store large amounts of business data in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, obtaining data for financial fraud detection is prohibitively difficult due to privacy concerns and companies protecting trade secrets. One possible solution is game-based generation of synthetic ERP data, which poses the challenge of designing an environment that generates realistic ERP data and allows players to commit many different types of fraud. In this work, we design a multiplayer game that allows players to cooperatively run a fictional company, while simultaneously challenging them to maximize their personal gain. We introduce an approach for letting players explore fraud scenarios through emergent gameplay and present a prototype that may be primed with information from real world ERP systems to generate realistic data.

  @article{tritscherfinancial, abstract = {Even though companies store large amounts of business data in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, obtaining data for financial fraud detection is prohibitively difficult due to privacy concerns and companies protecting trade secrets. One possible solution is game-based generation of synthetic ERP data, which poses the challenge of designing an environment that generates realistic ERP data and allows players to commit many different types of fraud. In this work, we design a multiplayer game that allows players to cooperatively run a fictional company, while simultaneously challenging them to maximize their personal gain. We introduce an approach for letting players explore fraud scenarios through emergent gameplay and present a prototype that may be primed with information from real world ERP systems to generate realistic data.}, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Krause, Anna and Schl{\"o}r, Daniel and Gwinner, Fabian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {IEE COG 2021}, keywords = 2021, title = {A financial game with opportunities for fraud}, volume = 2021, year = 2021 }
• Measuring the Effects of Virtual Environment Design on Decision-Making. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Heidrich, David; Birnstiel, Sandra; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR ’21), S. 442–443. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Recent research indicates an impairment in decision-making in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) when completing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). There is a high potential for emotions to explain the IGT decision-making behavior. The design of a virtual environment (VE) can influence a user’s mood and hence potentially the decisionmaking. In a novel user study, we measure decision-making using three virtual versions of the IGT. The versions differ with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the VE. Our results revealed no significant impact of the VE on the IGT and hence on decision-making.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2021measuring, abstract = {Recent research indicates an impairment in decision-making in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) when completing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). There is a high potential for emotions to explain the IGT decision-making behavior. The design of a virtual environment (VE) can influence a user’s mood and hence potentially the decisionmaking. In a novel user study, we measure decision-making using three virtual versions of the IGT. The versions differ with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the VE. Our results revealed no significant impact of the VE on the IGT and hence on decision-making.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Heidrich, David and Birnstiel, Sandra and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR '21)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {442-443}, title = {Measuring the Effects of Virtual Environment Design on Decision-Making}, year = 2021 }
• Performance Impact Analysis of Securing MQTT Using TLS. Prantl, Thomas; Iffländer, Lukas; Herrnleben, Stefan; Engel, Simon; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In 2021 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE), von ICPE’21. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrTeIfHeDmKo2021-ICPE-MQTT_TLS, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Iffländer, Lukas and Herrnleben, Stefan and Engel, Simon and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, booktitle = {2021 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE)}, keywords = {IoT}, month = {04}, series = {ICPE'21}, title = {Performance Impact Analysis of Securing MQTT Using TLS}, year = 2021 }
• Trust but Verify: Crowdsourced Mobile Network Measurements and Statistical Validity Measures. Seufert, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Wunderer, Stefan; Hall, Andrew; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit). Porto, Portugal (virtual conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Network operators, regulators, and big data companies use crowdsourced measurements to study the performance of mobile networks on a large scale. Such a type of measurement is defined as the collection and processing of data measured by the crowd, here the crowd of mobile subscribers. Crowdsourced network measurements make it relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain large amounts of network data that also reflect the quality actually received by the end user. However, this measurement method also involves some uncertainties, since, for example, it is not possible to precisely control when, where and with which devices measurements are taken. Thus, there is a trade-off between the reliability of the individual measurement and the scope of the measurements. Therefore, how data of this type is analyzed is particularly important in order to obtain valid results. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the validity of crowdsourced mobile network measurements. In particular, we address precision, for example the number of measurements needed to make valid statements, and also representativeness, for example the spatial and temporal distribution of the data. In addition to the formal definition of these two aspects, we illustrate the issue and possible evaluation approaches with the help of an extensive example data set. This data set consists of more than 11.7M crowdsourced mobile measurements from all over France, measured by a commercial mobile data provider. In the end, we provide an evaluation guideline and two possible use cases.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-11, abstract = {Network operators, regulators, and big data companies use crowdsourced measurements to study the performance of mobile networks on a large scale. Such a type of measurement is defined as the collection and processing of data measured by the crowd, here the crowd of mobile subscribers. Crowdsourced network measurements make it relatively easy and inexpensive to obtain large amounts of network data that also reflect the quality actually received by the end user. However, this measurement method also involves some uncertainties, since, for example, it is not possible to precisely control when, where and with which devices measurements are taken. Thus, there is a trade-off between the reliability of the individual measurement and the scope of the measurements. Therefore, how data of this type is analyzed is particularly important in order to obtain valid results. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the validity of crowdsourced mobile network measurements. In particular, we address precision, for example the number of measurements needed to make valid statements, and also representativeness, for example the spatial and temporal distribution of the data. In addition to the formal definition of these two aspects, we illustrate the issue and possible evaluation approaches with the help of an extensive example data set. This data set consists of more than 11.7M crowdsourced mobile measurements from all over France, measured by a commercial mobile data provider. In the end, we provide an evaluation guideline and two possible use cases.}, address = {Porto, Portugal (virtual conference)}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Wunderer, Stefan and Hall, Andrew and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {Trust but Verify: Crowdsourced Mobile Network Measurements and Statistical Validity Measures}, year = 2021 }
• QoE Models in the Wild: Comparing Video QoE Models Using a Crowdsourced Data Set. Seufert, Anika; Wamser, Florian; Yarish, David; Macdonald, Hunter; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2021 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX). Montreal, Canada (virtual conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Crowdsourced measurements solve the problem of being able to assess the performance of a communication network from an end-user perspective, but the new characteristics of the data pose new challenges for QoE modeling. In contrast to existing laboratory or network measurements, this type of measurement at the end-user device primarily involves taking a large number of short sample measurements, which, however, are rich in measured parameters, including many user-, application-, and device-related parameters. To test the applicability and to facilitate the integration of such data, we applied four QoE models from the literature to 290k worldwide video streaming measurements from a commercial data set from August to October 2020. In this work, we will therefore first describe the crowdsourcing video streaming data set to provide insights into the properties of video streaming KPIs in the real-world. Second, we run four popular QoE models using this data set, compare the resulting QoE scores, and derive the impact of individual KPIs for each model. We show that the models assess the QoE at least differently, but sometimes with contradicting statements. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that more work and subjective studies, based on real-world data like the one we have shown, are needed to extend the current QoE models.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-12, abstract = {Crowdsourced measurements solve the problem of being able to assess the performance of a communication network from an end-user perspective, but the new characteristics of the data pose new challenges for QoE modeling. In contrast to existing laboratory or network measurements, this type of measurement at the end-user device primarily involves taking a large number of short sample measurements, which, however, are rich in measured parameters, including many user-, application-, and device-related parameters. To test the applicability and to facilitate the integration of such data, we applied four QoE models from the literature to 290k worldwide video streaming measurements from a commercial data set from August to October 2020. In this work, we will therefore first describe the crowdsourcing video streaming data set to provide insights into the properties of video streaming KPIs in the real-world. Second, we run four popular QoE models using this data set, compare the resulting QoE scores, and derive the impact of individual KPIs for each model. We show that the models assess the QoE at least differently, but sometimes with contradicting statements. Reading this paper, it becomes evident that more work and subjective studies, based on real-world data like the one we have shown, are needed to extend the current QoE models.}, address = {Montreal, Canada (virtual conference)}, author = {Seufert, Anika and Wamser, Florian and Yarish, David and Macdonald, Hunter and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2021 13th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, keywords = {can}, month = {06}, title = {QoE Models in the Wild: Comparing Video QoE Models Using a Crowdsourced Data Set}, year = 2021 }
• Effects of Immersion and Visual Angle on Brand Placement Effectiveness. Oberdörfer, Sebastian; Straka, Samantha; Latoschik, Marc Erich. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR ’21), S. 440–441. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Typical inherent properties of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) such as felt presence might have an impact on how well brand placements are remembered. In this study, we exposed participants to brand placements in four conditions of varying degrees of immersion and visual angle on the stimulus. Placements appeared either as poster or as puzzle. We measured the recall and recognition of these placements. Our study revealed that neither immersion nor the visual angle had a significant impact on memory for brand placements.

  @inproceedings{oberdorfer2021effects, abstract = {Typical inherent properties of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) such as felt presence might have an impact on how well brand placements are remembered. In this study, we exposed participants to brand placements in four conditions of varying degrees of immersion and visual angle on the stimulus. Placements appeared either as poster or as puzzle. We measured the recall and recognition of these placements. Our study revealed that neither immersion nor the visual angle had a significant impact on memory for brand placements.}, author = {Oberdörfer, Sebastian and Straka, Samantha and Latoschik, Marc Erich}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VR '21)}, keywords = {myown}, month = {03}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {440-441}, title = {Effects of Immersion and Visual Angle on Brand Placement Effectiveness}, year = 2021 }
• A Self-Learning Meta-Optimization Framework for Adaptation Planning. Technical Report (Master thesis), . Hadry, Marius. Master thesis. University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Informatikgebäude, 97074 Würzburg, Germany, 2021, Mai.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @mastersthesis{hadry2021selflearning, address = {Am Hubland, Informatikgeb{\"a}ude, 97074 W{\"u}rzburg, Germany}, author = {Hadry, Marius}, keywords = {Thesis_supervised_by_Veronika_Lesch}, month = {05}, school = {University of W{\"u}rzburg}, title = {A Self-Learning Meta-Optimization Framework for Adaptation Planning}, year = 2021 }
• ML-Assisted Latency Assignments in Time-Sensitive Networking. Grigorjew, Alexej; Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Hofmann, Jan; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021). Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Recent developments in industrial automation and invehicle communication have raised the requirements of real-time networking. Bus systems that were traditionally deployed in these fields cannot provide sufficient bandwidth and are now shifting towards Ethernet for their real-time communication needs. In this field, standardization efforts from the IEEE and the IETF have developed new data plane mechanisms such as shapers and schedulers, as well as control plane mechanisms such as reservation protocols to support their new requirements. However, their implementation and their optimal configuration remain an important factor for their efficiency. This work presents a machine learning framework that takes on the configuration task. Four different models are trained for the configuration of per-hop latency guarantees in a distributed resource reservation process and compared with respect to their real-time traffic capacity. The evaluation shows that all models provide good configurations for the provided scenarios, but more importantly, they represent a first step for a semi-automated configuration of parameters in Time-Sensitive Networking.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-2, abstract = {Recent developments in industrial automation and invehicle communication have raised the requirements of real-time networking. Bus systems that were traditionally deployed in these fields cannot provide sufficient bandwidth and are now shifting towards Ethernet for their real-time communication needs. In this field, standardization efforts from the IEEE and the IETF have developed new data plane mechanisms such as shapers and schedulers, as well as control plane mechanisms such as reservation protocols to support their new requirements. However, their implementation and their optimal configuration remain an important factor for their efficiency. This work presents a machine learning framework that takes on the configuration task. Four different models are trained for the configuration of per-hop latency guarantees in a distributed resource reservation process and compared with respect to their real-time traffic capacity. The evaluation shows that all models provide good configurations for the provided scenarios, but more importantly, they represent a first step for a semi-automated configuration of parameters in Time-Sensitive Networking.}, address = {Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Hofmann, Jan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021)}, keywords = {kikdin}, month = {05}, title = {ML-Assisted Latency Assignments in Time-Sensitive Networking}, year = 2021 }
• Signaling Traffic in Internet-of-Things Mobile Networks. Geissler, Stefan; Wamser, Florian; Bauer, Wolfang; Krolikowski, Michael; Gebert, Steffen; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021). Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to play an increasingly important role in next-generation mobile networks. Detailed knowledge of this type of traffic and the associated signaling in those networks is of interest to operators and standardization in order to run these networks successfully. The aim of this study is to characterize IoT signaling traffic for mobile communication networks (i) from a network operator’s point of view, (ii) at device level, and (iii) for the establishment of data connections. General statistics on signaling and device behavior, such as the observed IoT traffic volume and message composition, are given before device classes with statistically different signaling behavior are identified. Finally, by characterizing the aggre- gated signaling traffic, we show that the Markov assumption, widespread in standardization and literature, regarding the aggregated arrival process for data connections does not apply in reality.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-1, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to play an increasingly important role in next-generation mobile networks. Detailed knowledge of this type of traffic and the associated signaling in those networks is of interest to operators and standardization in order to run these networks successfully. The aim of this study is to characterize IoT signaling traffic for mobile communication networks (i) from a network operator’s point of view, (ii) at device level, and (iii) for the establishment of data connections. General statistics on signaling and device behavior, such as the observed IoT traffic volume and message composition, are given before device classes with statistically different signaling behavior are identified. Finally, by characterizing the aggre- gated signaling traffic, we show that the Markov assumption, widespread in standardization and literature, regarding the aggregated arrival process for data connections does not apply in reality.}, address = {Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Geissler, Stefan and Wamser, Florian and Bauer, Wolfang and Krolikowski, Michael and Gebert, Steffen and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021)}, keywords = {can}, month = {05}, title = {Signaling Traffic in Internet-of-Things Mobile Networks}, year = 2021 }
• Quality that Matters: QoE Monitoring in Education Service Provider (ESP) Networks. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Wieser, Viktoria; Casas, Pedro; Capdehourat, Germán. In IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021). Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference), 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Education Service Providers (ESPs) play a crucial role in the digitization of education as they equip students and teachers with reliable devices and provide high quality Internet access at schools. This paper investigates four months worth of continuous measurements conducted by an ESP using a largescale, passive, in-device Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring system deployed into a nationwide network of education-purpose devices. These measurements cover more than 800 education centers and about 4000 devices, used both in schools and at home. Using this rich dataset, we present an exhaustive characterization of the browsing behavior, and a quantification of the web and video QoE in this educational context. Web QoE results showed a better performance for school Wi-Fi networks compared to home connections, suggesting that several issues may arise for ESPs due to the increasing relevance of home-schooling caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2021-3, abstract = {Education Service Providers (ESPs) play a crucial role in the digitization of education as they equip students and teachers with reliable devices and provide high quality Internet access at schools. This paper investigates four months worth of continuous measurements conducted by an ESP using a largescale, passive, in-device Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring system deployed into a nationwide network of education-purpose devices. These measurements cover more than 800 education centers and about 4000 devices, used both in schools and at home. Using this rich dataset, we present an exhaustive characterization of the browsing behavior, and a quantification of the web and video QoE in this educational context. Web QoE results showed a better performance for school Wi-Fi networks compared to home connections, suggesting that several issues may arise for ESPs due to the increasing relevance of home-schooling caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.}, address = {Bordeaux, France (Virtual Conference)}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Wieser, Viktoria and Casas, Pedro and Capdehourat, Germán}, booktitle = {IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2021)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {05}, title = {Quality that Matters: QoE Monitoring in Education Service Provider (ESP) Networks}, year = 2021 }
• Assessing Media Bias in Cross-Linguistic and Cross-National Populations. Sales, Allan; Zehe, Albin; Marinho, Leandro Balby; Veloso, Adriano; Hotho, Andreas; Omeliyanenko, Janna. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 15(1), S. 561–572. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @article{sales2021assessing, author = {Sales, Allan and Zehe, Albin and Marinho, Leandro Balby and Veloso, Adriano and Hotho, Andreas and Omeliyanenko, Janna}, journal = {Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media}, keywords = {media}, month = {05}, number = 1, pages = {561-572}, title = {Assessing Media Bias in Cross-Linguistic and Cross-National Populations}, volume = 15, year = 2021 }
• A New Course on Systems Benchmarking-For Scientists and Engineers. Kounev, Samuel. Invited talk at 3rd Workshop on Education and Practice of Performance Engineering (ICPE ’21), Virtual Event, France, 2021, April 19.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{kounev2021new, address = {Virtual Event, France}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {04}, note = {https://dl.acm.org}, publisher = {Invited talk at 3rd Workshop on Education and Practice of Performance Engineering (ICPE '21)}, title = {A New Course on Systems Benchmarking-For Scientists and Engineers}, year = 2021 }
• Systems Benchmarking. Kounev, Samuel. Invited Talk at Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2021, Mai 20.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{kounev2021systems, address = {Saarbrücken, Germany}, author = {Kounev, Samuel}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {05}, note = {https://cms.sic.saarland/se_seminar_ss21/news/view/7}, publisher = {Invited Talk at Universität des Saarlandes}, title = {Systems Benchmarking}, year = 2021 }
• Libra: A Benchmark for Time Series Forecasting Methods. Bauer, André; Züfle, Marwin; Eismann, Simon; Grohmann, Johannes; Herbst, Nikolas; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  In many areas of decision making, forecasting is an essential pillar. Consequently, there are many different forecasting methods. According to the "No-Free-Lunch Theorem", there is no single forecasting method that performs best for all time series. In other words, each method has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the specific use case. Therefore, the choice of the forecasting method remains a mandatory expert task. However, expert knowledge cannot be fully automated. To establish a level playing field for evaluating the performance of time series forecasting methods in a broad setting, we propose Libra, a forecasting benchmark that automatically evaluates and ranks forecasting methods based on their performance in a diverse set of evaluation scenarios. The benchmark comprises four different use cases, each covering 100 heterogeneous time series taken from different domains. The data set was assembled from publicly available time series and was designed to exhibit much higher diversity than existing forecasting competitions. Based on this benchmark, we perform a comprehensive evaluation to compare different existing time series forecasting methods.

  @inproceedings{bauer2021benchmark, abstract = {In many areas of decision making, forecasting is an essential pillar. Consequently, there are many different forecasting methods. According to the "No-Free-Lunch Theorem", there is no single forecasting method that performs best for all time series. In other words, each method has its advantages and disadvantages depending on the specific use case. Therefore, the choice of the forecasting method remains a mandatory expert task. However, expert knowledge cannot be fully automated. To establish a level playing field for evaluating the performance of time series forecasting methods in a broad setting, we propose Libra, a forecasting benchmark that automatically evaluates and ranks forecasting methods based on their performance in a diverse set of evaluation scenarios. The benchmark comprises four different use cases, each covering 100 heterogeneous time series taken from different domains. The data set was assembled from publicly available time series and was designed to exhibit much higher diversity than existing forecasting competitions. Based on this benchmark, we perform a comprehensive evaluation to compare different existing time series forecasting methods.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Bauer, Andr{\'e} and Z{\"u}fle, Marwin and Eismann, Simon and Grohmann, Johannes and Herbst, Nikolas and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE)}, keywords = {benchmark}, month = {04}, organization = {ACM}, title = {Libra: A Benchmark for Time Series Forecasting Methods}, year = 2021 }
• Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge-Cloud Environments for IoT Applications. Nguyen Huu, Thanh; TrungKien, Nguyen; Van Hoa, Ngo; Thu Huong, Truong; Wamser, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  The implementation of IoT applications faces several challenges in practice, such as compliance with QoS requirements, resource constraints and energy consumption. In this context, the joint paradigm for IoT applications can resolve some of the issues arising in pure cloud computing scenarios, such as those related to latency, energy or privacy. Therefore, an environment could be promising for resource and energy-efficient IoT applications that implement VNF bound together into SFC. However, a resource and energy efficient SFC placement requires smart SFC embedding mechanisms in the environment, as several challenges arise, such as IoT service chain modeling and evaluation, the trade-off between resource allocation, energy efficiency and performance, and the resource dynamics. In this article, we address issues in modeling resource and energy utilization for IoT applications in environments. A smart traffic monitoring IP camera system is deployed as a use case for a realistic modeling of a service chain. The system is implemented in our testbed, which is designed and developed specifically to model and investigate the resource and energy utilization of SFC embedding strategies. A resource and energy-aware SFC strategy in the environment for IoT applications is then proposed. Our algorithm is able to cope with dynamic load and resource situations emerging from dynamic SFC requests. The strategy is evaluated systematically in terms of acceptance ratio of SFC requests, resource efficiency and utilization, power consumption, and VNF migrations depending on the offered system load. Results show that our strategy outperforms some existing approaches in terms of resource and energy efficiency, thus it overcomes the relevant challenges from practice and meets the demands of IoT applications.

  @article{info3-article-2021-2, abstract = {The implementation of IoT applications faces several challenges in practice, such as compliance with QoS requirements, resource constraints and energy consumption. In this context, the joint paradigm for IoT applications can resolve some of the issues arising in pure cloud computing scenarios, such as those related to latency, energy or privacy. Therefore, an environment could be promising for resource and energy-efficient IoT applications that implement VNF bound together into SFC. However, a resource and energy efficient SFC placement requires smart SFC embedding mechanisms in the environment, as several challenges arise, such as IoT service chain modeling and evaluation, the trade-off between resource allocation, energy efficiency and performance, and the resource dynamics. In this article, we address issues in modeling resource and energy utilization for IoT applications in environments. A smart traffic monitoring IP camera system is deployed as a use case for a realistic modeling of a service chain. The system is implemented in our testbed, which is designed and developed specifically to model and investigate the resource and energy utilization of SFC embedding strategies. A resource and energy-aware SFC strategy in the environment for IoT applications is then proposed. Our algorithm is able to cope with dynamic load and resource situations emerging from dynamic SFC requests. The strategy is evaluated systematically in terms of acceptance ratio of SFC requests, resource efficiency and utilization, power consumption, and VNF migrations depending on the offered system load. Results show that our strategy outperforms some existing approaches in terms of resource and energy efficiency, thus it overcomes the relevant challenges from practice and meets the demands of IoT applications.}, author = {Nguyen Huu, Thanh and TrungKien, Nguyen and Van Hoa, Ngo and Thu Huong, Truong and Wamser, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal}, keywords = {ecodane}, month = {03}, title = {Energy-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding in Edge-Cloud Environments for IoT Applications}, year = 2021 }
• SPEC - Spotlight on the International Standards Group ({ISG}). Schmitt, Norbert; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Sharma, Sanjay; Cragin, Aaron; Reiner, David; Kounev, Samuel. In Companion of the ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering. ACM, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{Schmitt_2021, author = {Schmitt, Norbert and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Sharma, Sanjay and Cragin, Aaron and Reiner, David and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Companion of the {ACM}/{SPEC} International Conference on Performance Engineering}, keywords = {descartes}, month = {04}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{SPEC} - Spotlight on the International Standards Group ({ISG})}, year = 2021 }
• Evaluating the multi-task learning approach for land use regression modelling of air pollution. Dulny, Andrzej; Steininger, Michael; Lautenschlager, Florian; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1834(1), S. 012004. IOP Publishing, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Air pollution has been linked to several health problems including heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. Modelling and analyzing this dependency requires reliable and accurate air pollutant measurements collected by stationary air monitoring stations. However, usually only a low number of such stations are present within a single city. To retrieve pollution concentrations for unmeasured locations, researchers rely on land use regression (LUR) models. Those models are typically developed for one pollutant only. However, as results in different areas have shown, modelling several related output variables through multi-task learning can improve the prediction results of the models significantly. In this work, we compared prediction results from single-task and multi-task learning multilayer perceptron models on measurements taken from the OpenSense dataset and the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory dataset. LUR features were generated from OpenStreetMap using OpenLUR and used to train hard parameter sharing multilayer perceptron models. The results show multi-task learning with sufficient data significantly improves the performance of a LUR model.

  @article{dulny2021evaluating, abstract = {Air pollution has been linked to several health problems including heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. Modelling and analyzing this dependency requires reliable and accurate air pollutant measurements collected by stationary air monitoring stations. However, usually only a low number of such stations are present within a single city. To retrieve pollution concentrations for unmeasured locations, researchers rely on land use regression (LUR) models. Those models are typically developed for one pollutant only. However, as results in different areas have shown, modelling several related output variables through multi-task learning can improve the prediction results of the models significantly. In this work, we compared prediction results from single-task and multi-task learning multilayer perceptron models on measurements taken from the OpenSense dataset and the London Atmospheric Emissions Inventory dataset. LUR features were generated from OpenStreetMap using OpenLUR and used to train hard parameter sharing multilayer perceptron models. The results show multi-task learning with sufficient data significantly improves the performance of a LUR model.}, author = {Dulny, Andrzej and Steininger, Michael and Lautenschlager, Florian and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, keywords = {from:msteininger}, month = {03}, number = 1, organization = {IOP Publishing}, pages = {012004}, publisher = {{IOP} Publishing}, title = {Evaluating the multi-task learning approach for land use regression modelling of air pollution}, volume = 1834, year = 2021 }
• Utility-based Vehicle Routing Integrating User Preferences. Lesch, Veronika; Hadry, Marius; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop on Pervasive Computing for Vehicular Systems (PerVehicle), 2021. IEEE, 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{lesch2021utility, author = {Lesch, Veronika and Hadry, Marius and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop on Pervasive Computing for Vehicular Systems (PerVehicle), 2021}, keywords = {t_workshop}, month = {03}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Utility-based Vehicle Routing Integrating User Preferences}, year = 2021 }
• Improving Web QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Network Traffic through Time Series Modeling. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Schüler, Joshua; Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 48(4), S. 37–40. 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  This paper addresses the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring for web browsing. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics such as Speed Index (SI) is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with open web-measurement platforms on different device-types, a unique feature set is designed and used to estimate the RUMSI -- an efficient approximation to SI, with machine-learning based regression and classification approaches. Results indicate that it is possible to estimate the RUMSI accurately, and that in particular, recurrent neural networks are highly suitable for the task, as they capture the network dynamics more precisely.

  @article{info3-article-2020-4, abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring for web browsing. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics such as Speed Index (SI) is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with open web-measurement platforms on different device-types, a unique feature set is designed and used to estimate the RUMSI – an efficient approximation to SI, with machine-learning based regression and classification approaches. Results indicate that it is possible to estimate the RUMSI accurately, and that in particular, recurrent neural networks are highly suitable for the task, as they capture the network dynamics more precisely.}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Schüler, Joshua and Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {03}, number = 4, pages = {37-40}, title = {Improving Web QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Network Traffic through Time Series Modeling}, volume = 48, year = 2021 }
• SuanMing: Explainable Prediction of Performance Degradations in Microservice Applications. Grohmann, Johannes; Straesser, Martin; Chalbani, Avi; Eismann, Simon; Arian, Yair; Herbst, Nikolas; Peretz, Noam; Kounev, Samuel. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2021.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  • [ URL ]
  • [ DOI ]
  Application performance management (APM) tools are useful to observe the performance properties of an application during production. However, APM is normally purely reactive, that is, it can only report about current or past performance degradation. Although some approaches capable of predictive application monitoring have been proposed, they can only report a predicted degradation but cannot explain its root-cause, making it hard to prevent the expected degradation. In this paper, we present SuanMing---a framework for predicting performance degradation of microservice applications running in cloud environments. SuanMing is able to predict future root causes for anticipated performance degradations and therefore aims at preventing performance degradations before they actually occur. We evaluate SuanMing on two realistic microservice applications, TeaStore and TrainTicket, and we show that our approach is able to predict and pinpoint performance degradations with an accuracy of over 90%.

  @inproceedings{GrStChEiArHePeKo2021-ICPE, abstract = {Application performance management (APM) tools are useful to observe the performance properties of an application during production. However, APM is normally purely reactive, that is, it can only report about current or past performance degradation. Although some approaches capable of predictive application monitoring have been proposed, they can only report a predicted degradation but cannot explain its root-cause, making it hard to prevent the expected degradation. In this paper, we present SuanMing—a framework for predicting performance degradation of microservice applications running in cloud environments. SuanMing is able to predict future root causes for anticipated performance degradations and therefore aims at preventing performance degradations before they actually occur. We evaluate SuanMing on two realistic microservice applications, TeaStore and TrainTicket, and we show that our approach is able to predict and pinpoint performance degradations with an accuracy of over 90\%.}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, author = {Grohmann, Johannes and Straesser, Martin and Chalbani, Avi and Eismann, Simon and Arian, Yair and Herbst, Nikolas and Peretz, Noam and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE)}, keywords = {performance}, month = {04}, note = {Acceptance Rate: 29%}, organization = {ACM}, title = {SuanMing: Explainable Prediction of Performance Degradations in Microservice Applications}, year = 2021 }
• SPEC Research Group Newsletter, vol. 3 no. 2. Kounev, Samuel; van Hoorn, Andre; Bauer, André. 2021, April.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @misc{SPEC-RG-NEWSLETTER-10, author = {Kounev, Samuel and van Hoorn, Andre and Bauer, Andr{\'e}}, keywords = {SPEC}, month = {04}, note = {Published by Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)}, title = {{SPEC Research Group Newsletter, vol. 3 no. 2}}, year = 2021 }
• Towards a Group Encryption Scheme Benchmark: A View on Centralized Schemes with focus on IoT. Prantl, Thomas; Ten, Peter; Iffländer, Lukas; Herrnleben, Stefan; Dmitrenko, Alexandra; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In 2021 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE), von ICPE’21. 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{PrTeIfHeDmKo2021-ICPE-GroupEncryptionCentralizedBenchmark, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Ten, Peter and Iffländer, Lukas and Herrnleben, Stefan and Dmitrenko, Alexandra and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, booktitle = {2021 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE)}, keywords = {Group\_Encyrption\_Scheme}, month = {04}, series = {ICPE'21}, title = {Towards a Group Encryption Scheme Benchmark: A View on Centralized Schemes with focus on IoT}, year = 2021 }
• Cumulative Quality Modeling for HTTP Adaptive Streaming. Tran, Huyen TT; Pham Ngoc, Nam; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Seufert, Michael; Thang, Truong Cong. In ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, 17(1), S. 22 (1–24). 2021.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @article{info3-article-2021-1, author = {Tran, Huyen TT and Pham Ngoc, Nam and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Seufert, Michael and Thang, Truong Cong}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications}, keywords = {ucn}, month = {04}, number = 1, pages = {22 (1-24)}, title = {Cumulative Quality Modeling for HTTP Adaptive Streaming}, volume = 17, year = 2021 }

• Mind the (QoE) Gap: On the Incompatibility of Web and Video QoE Models in the Wild. Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Wieser, Viktoria; Casas, Pedro; Capdehourat, Germán. In 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Izmir, Turkey, 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Education Service Providers (ESPs) have a paramount role in the digitization of education, providing reliable devices for students and teachers and high quality Internet access at schools. In this paper, a large-scale, passive, in-device Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring system is presented, which was deployed into a nationwide network of education-purpose devices. Four months' worth of continuous measurements were conducted by an ESP, covering more than 800 education centers and about 4000 devices, used both in schools and at home. When analyzing the QoE of web sessions in school networks, we identify a fundamental issue with the compatibility of web browsing and video QoE models, which inhibits the successful application of QoE-aware network management for multiple services.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-11, abstract = {Education Service Providers (ESPs) have a paramount role in the digitization of education, providing reliable devices for students and teachers and high quality Internet access at schools. In this paper, a large-scale, passive, in-device Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring system is presented, which was deployed into a nationwide network of education-purpose devices. Four months' worth of continuous measurements were conducted by an ESP, covering more than 800 education centers and about 4000 devices, used both in schools and at home. When analyzing the QoE of web sessions in school networks, we identify a fundamental issue with the compatibility of web browsing and video QoE models, which inhibits the successful application of QoE-aware network management for multiple services.}, address = {Izmir, Turkey}, author = {Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Wieser, Viktoria and Casas, Pedro and Capdehourat, Germán}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 11, title = {Mind the (QoE) Gap: On the Incompatibility of Web and Video QoE Models in the Wild}, year = 2020 }
• Inferring Web QoE with Machine Learning from Encrypted Network Traffic. Wehner, Nikolas. 2nd KuVS Workshop on Machine Learning for Networking, Würzburg, Germany, 2020, Oktober 8.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  In this work, the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring of web browsing is addressed. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics like RUMSI with machine learning is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with WebPageTest on three different devices, a unique feature set is used to approximate Web QoE metrics with regression and classification approaches. This work highlights work in progress.

  @presentation{info3-presentation-2020-3, abstract = {In this work, the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring of web browsing is addressed. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics like RUMSI with machine learning is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with WebPageTest on three different devices, a unique feature set is used to approximate Web QoE metrics with regression and classification approaches. This work highlights work in progress.}, address = {2nd KuVS Workshop on Machine Learning for Networking, Würzburg, Germany}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas}, keywords = {myown}, month = 10, title = {Inferring Web QoE with Machine Learning from Encrypted Network Traffic}, year = 2020 }
• Scoring High: Analysis and Prediction of Viewer Behavior and Engagement in the Context of 2018 FIFA WC Live Streaming. Wehner, Nikolas. Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), Seattle, WA, USA, 2020, Oktober 12.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Large-scale events pose severe challenges to live video streaming service providers, who need to cope with high, peaking viewer numbers and the resulting fluctuating resource demands, keeping high levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) to avoid end-user frustration and churn. In this paper, we analyze a unique dataset consisting of more than a million 2018 FIFA World Cup mobile live streaming sessions, collected at a large national public broadcaster. Different from previous work, we analyze QoE and user engagement as well as their interaction, in dependency to specific soccer match events, which have the potential to trigger flash crowds during a match. Flash crowds are a particular challenge to video service providers, since they cause sudden load peaks and consequently, the likelihood of quality problems. We further exploit the data to model viewer engagement over the course of a soccer match, and show that client counts follow very similar patterns of change across all matches. We believe that the analysis as well as the resulting models are valuable sources of insight for service providers, equipping them with tools for customer-centric resource and capacity management.

  @presentation{info3-presentation-2020-4, abstract = {Large-scale events pose severe challenges to live video streaming service providers, who need to cope with high, peaking viewer numbers and the resulting fluctuating resource demands, keeping high levels of Quality of Experience (QoE) to avoid end-user frustration and churn. In this paper, we analyze a unique dataset consisting of more than a million 2018 FIFA World Cup mobile live streaming sessions, collected at a large national public broadcaster. Different from previous work, we analyze QoE and user engagement as well as their interaction, in dependency to specific soccer match events, which have the potential to trigger flash crowds during a match. Flash crowds are a particular challenge to video service providers, since they cause sudden load peaks and consequently, the likelihood of quality problems. We further exploit the data to model viewer engagement over the course of a soccer match, and show that client counts follow very similar patterns of change across all matches. We believe that the analysis as well as the resulting models are valuable sources of insight for service providers, equipping them with tools for customer-centric resource and capacity management.}, address = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM), Seattle, WA, USA}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas}, keywords = {myown}, month = 10, title = {Scoring High: Analysis and Prediction of Viewer Behavior and Engagement in the Context of 2018 FIFA WC Live Streaming}, year = 2020 }
• Bounded Latency with Bridge-Local Stream Reservation and Strict Priority Queuing. Grigorjew, Alexej; Metzger, Florian; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Specht, Johannes; Götz, Franz-Josef; Chen, Feng; Schmitt, Jürgen. In 11th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF). 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Bridge-local latency computation is often regarded with caution, while new shaping mechanisms and timed gates are developed to achieve deterministic guarantees. However, these new concepts require additional hardware support in the forwarding devices, and many of them are based on assumptions of central control and network-wide information being available. This document presents a per-hop latency bound for individual streams in a class-based network that applies the IEEE 802.1Q strict priority transmission selection algorithm. It does not rely on shaping or timed gates and uses the accumulated latency fields during the reservation process to provide upper bounds with bridge-local information. The presented delay bound is proven formally and then evaluated with respect to its accuracy. It shows that deterministic latency with priority queuing is indeed feasible, and it indicates the required information that must be provided during resource reservation, e.g., to protocols developed in IEEE 802.1Qdd.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-17, abstract = {Bridge-local latency computation is often regarded with caution, while new shaping mechanisms and timed gates are developed to achieve deterministic guarantees. However, these new concepts require additional hardware support in the forwarding devices, and many of them are based on assumptions of central control and network-wide information being available. This document presents a per-hop latency bound for individual streams in a class-based network that applies the IEEE 802.1Q strict priority transmission selection algorithm. It does not rely on shaping or timed gates and uses the accumulated latency fields during the reservation process to provide upper bounds with bridge-local information. The presented delay bound is proven formally and then evaluated with respect to its accuracy. It shows that deterministic latency with priority queuing is indeed feasible, and it indicates the required information that must be provided during resource reservation, e.g., to protocols developed in IEEE 802.1Qdd.}, author = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Metzger, Florian and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Specht, Johannes and Götz, Franz-Josef and Chen, Feng and Schmitt, Jürgen}, booktitle = {11th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF)}, keywords = {ats-performance}, month = 11, title = {Bounded Latency with Bridge-Local Stream Reservation and Strict Priority Queuing}, year = 2020 }
• Are you on Mobile or Desktop? On the Impact of End-User Device on Web QoE Inference from Encrypted Traffic. Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Ben Houidi, Zied; Huet, Alexis; Seufert, Michael; Wehner, Nikolas; Schüler, Joshua; Cai, Sheng-Ming; Shi, Hao; Xu, Jinchun; Hoßfeld, Tobias; Rossi, Dario. In 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). Izmir, Turkey, 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Web browsing is one of the key applications of the Internet, if not the most important one. We address the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring from the ISP perspective, relying on in-network, passive measurements. As a proxy to Web QoE, we focus on the analysis of the well-known SpeedIndex (SI) metric. Given the lack of app-level data visibility introduced by the wide adoption of end-to-end encryption, we resort to machine-learning models to infer the SI and the QoE level of individual web page loading sessions, using as input only packet- and flow-level data. Our study targets the impact of different end-user device types (e.g., smartphone, desktop, tablet) on the performance of such models. Empirical evaluations on a large, multi-device, heterogeneous corpus of Web QoE measurements for top popular websites demonstrate that the proposed solution can infer the SI as well as estimate QoE ranges with high accuracy, using either packet-level or flow-level measurements. In addition, we show that the device type adds a strong bias in the feasibility of these Web QoE models, putting into question the applicability of previously conceived approaches on single-device measurements. To improve the state of affairs, we conceive cross-device generalizable models operating at both packet and flow levels, offering a feasible solution for Web QoE monitoring in operational, multi-device networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tackling the analysis of Web QoE from encrypted network traffic in multi-device scenarios.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-10, abstract = {Web browsing is one of the key applications of the Internet, if not the most important one. We address the problem of Web Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring from the ISP perspective, relying on in-network, passive measurements. As a proxy to Web QoE, we focus on the analysis of the well-known SpeedIndex (SI) metric. Given the lack of app-level data visibility introduced by the wide adoption of end-to-end encryption, we resort to machine-learning models to infer the SI and the QoE level of individual web page loading sessions, using as input only packet- and flow-level data. Our study targets the impact of different end-user device types (e.g., smartphone, desktop, tablet) on the performance of such models. Empirical evaluations on a large, multi-device, heterogeneous corpus of Web QoE measurements for top popular websites demonstrate that the proposed solution can infer the SI as well as estimate QoE ranges with high accuracy, using either packet-level or flow-level measurements. In addition, we show that the device type adds a strong bias in the feasibility of these Web QoE models, putting into question the applicability of previously conceived approaches on single-device measurements. To improve the state of affairs, we conceive cross-device generalizable models operating at both packet and flow levels, offering a feasible solution for Web QoE monitoring in operational, multi-device networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tackling the analysis of Web QoE from encrypted network traffic in multi-device scenarios.}, address = {Izmir, Turkey}, author = {Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Ben Houidi, Zied and Huet, Alexis and Seufert, Michael and Wehner, Nikolas and Schüler, Joshua and Cai, Sheng-Ming and Shi, Hao and Xu, Jinchun and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Rossi, Dario}, booktitle = {16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 11, title = {Are you on Mobile or Desktop? On the Impact of End-User Device on Web QoE Inference from Encrypted Traffic}, year = 2020 }
• Where to Submit? Helping Researchers to Choose the Right Venue. Kobs, Konstantin; Koopmann, Tobias; Zehe, Albin; Fernes, David; Krop, Philipp; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Findings, S. 878–883. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2020.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  • [ URL ]
  @inproceedings{kobs-etal-2020-submit, address = {Online}, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Koopmann, Tobias and Zehe, Albin and Fernes, David and Krop, Philipp and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Findings}, keywords = {myown}, month = 11, pages = {878–883}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {Where to Submit? Helping Researchers to Choose the Right Venue}, year = 2020 }
• In vitro vs in vivo: does the study’s interface design influence crowdsourced video QoE?. Borchert, Kathrin; Seufert, Anika; Gamboa, Edwin; Hirth, Matthias; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In Quality and User Experience. 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Evaluating the Quality of Experience (QoE) of video streaming and its influence factors has become paramount for streaming providers, as they want to maintain high satisfaction for their customers. In this context, crowdsourced user studies became a valuable tool to evaluate different factors which can affect the perceived user experience on a large scale. In general, most of these crowdsourcing studies either use, what we refer to, as an in vivo or an in vitro interface design. In vivo design means that the study participant has to rate the QoE of a video that is embedded in an application similar to a real streaming service, e.g., YouTube or Netflix. In vitro design refers to a setting, in which the video stream is separated from a specific service and thus, the video plays on a plain background. Although these interface designs vary widely, the results are often compared and generalized. In this work, we use a crowdsourcing study to investigate the influence of three interface design alternatives, an in vitro and two in vivo designs with different levels of interactiveness, on the perceived video QoE. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicate that there is no significant influence of the study’s interface design in general on the video experience. Furthermore, we found that the in vivo design does not reduce the test takers’ attentiveness. However, we observed that participants who interacted with the test interface reported a higher video QoE than other groups.

  @article{info3-article-2020-6, abstract = {Evaluating the Quality of Experience (QoE) of video streaming and its influence factors has become paramount for streaming providers, as they want to maintain high satisfaction for their customers. In this context, crowdsourced user studies became a valuable tool to evaluate different factors which can affect the perceived user experience on a large scale. In general, most of these crowdsourcing studies either use, what we refer to, as an in vivo or an in vitro interface design. In vivo design means that the study participant has to rate the QoE of a video that is embedded in an application similar to a real streaming service, e.g., YouTube or Netflix. In vitro design refers to a setting, in which the video stream is separated from a specific service and thus, the video plays on a plain background. Although these interface designs vary widely, the results are often compared and generalized. In this work, we use a crowdsourcing study to investigate the influence of three interface design alternatives, an in vitro and two in vivo designs with different levels of interactiveness, on the perceived video QoE. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicate that there is no significant influence of the study’s interface design in general on the video experience. Furthermore, we found that the in vivo design does not reduce the test takers’ attentiveness. However, we observed that participants who interacted with the test interface reported a higher video QoE than other groups.}, author = {Borchert, Kathrin and Seufert, Anika and Gamboa, Edwin and Hirth, Matthias and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, journal = {Quality and User Experience}, keywords = {ua-net}, month = 11, title = {In vitro vs in vivo: does the study’s interface design influence crowdsourced video QoE?}, year = 2020 }
• Statistical Methods and Models based on Quality of Experience Distributions. Seufert, Michael. In Quality and User Experience, 6(1). 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
  • [ BibTeX ]
  Due to biased assumptions on the underlying ordinal rating scale in subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) studies, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)-based evaluations provide results, which are hard to interpret and can be misleading. This paper proposes to consider the full QoE distribution for evaluating, reporting, and modeling QoE results instead of relying on MOS-based metrics derived from results based on ordinal rating scales. The QoE distribution can be represented in a concise way by using the parameters of a multinomial distribution without losing any information about the underlying QoE ratings, and even keeps backward compatibility with previous, biased MOS-based results. Considering QoE results as a realization of a multinomial distribution allows to rely on a well-established theoretical background, which enables meaningful evaluations also for ordinal rating scales. Moreover, QoE models based on QoE distributions keep detailed information from the results of a QoE study of a technical system, and thus, give an unprecedented richness of insights into the end users’ experience with the technical system. In this work, existing and novel statistical methods for QoE distributions are summarized and exemplary evaluations are outlined. Furthermore, using the novel concept of quality steps, simulative and analytical QoE models based on QoE distributions are presented and showcased. The goal is to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of considering QoE distributions over MOS-based evaluations if the underlying rating data is ordinal in nature.

  @article{info3-article-2020-7, abstract = {Due to biased assumptions on the underlying ordinal rating scale in subjective Quality of Experience (QoE) studies, Mean Opinion Score (MOS)-based evaluations provide results, which are hard to interpret and can be misleading. This paper proposes to consider the full QoE distribution for evaluating, reporting, and modeling QoE results instead of relying on MOS-based metrics derived from results based on ordinal rating scales. The QoE distribution can be represented in a concise way by using the parameters of a multinomial distribution without losing any information about the underlying QoE ratings, and even keeps backward compatibility with previous, biased MOS-based results. Considering QoE results as a realization of a multinomial distribution allows to rely on a well-established theoretical background, which enables meaningful evaluations also for ordinal rating scales. Moreover, QoE models based on QoE distributions keep detailed information from the results of a QoE study of a technical system, and thus, give an unprecedented richness of insights into the end users’ experience with the technical system. In this work, existing and novel statistical methods for QoE distributions are summarized and exemplary evaluations are outlined. Furthermore, using the novel concept of quality steps, simulative and analytical QoE models based on QoE distributions are presented and showcased. The goal is to demonstrate the fundamental advantages of considering QoE distributions over MOS-based evaluations if the underlying rating data is ordinal in nature.}, author = {Seufert, Michael}, journal = {Quality and User Experience}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 12, number = 1, title = {Statistical Methods and Models based on Quality of Experience Distributions}, volume = 6, year = 2020 }
• Improving Web QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Network Traffic through Time Series Modeling. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Schüler, Joshua; Wassermann, Sarah; Casas, Pedro; Hoßfeld, Tobias. In 2nd Workshop on AI in Networks and Distributed Systems (WAIN). Milan, Italy, 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  This paper addresses the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring for web browsing. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics such as Speed Index (SI) is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with open web-measurement platforms on different device-types, a unique feature set is designed and used to estimate the RUMSI -- an efficient approximation to SI, with machine-learning based regression and classification approaches. Results indicate that it is possible to estimate the RUMSI accurately, and that in particular, recurrent neural networks are highly suitable for the task, as they capture the network dynamics more precisely.

  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-12, abstract = {This paper addresses the problem of Quality of Experience (QoE) monitoring for web browsing. In particular, the inference of common Web QoE metrics such as Speed Index (SI) is investigated. Based on a large dataset collected with open web-measurement platforms on different device-types, a unique feature set is designed and used to estimate the RUMSI – an efficient approximation to SI, with machine-learning based regression and classification approaches. Results indicate that it is possible to estimate the RUMSI accurately, and that in particular, recurrent neural networks are highly suitable for the task, as they capture the network dynamics more precisely.}, address = {Milan, Italy}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Schüler, Joshua and Wassermann, Sarah and Casas, Pedro and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, booktitle = {2nd Workshop on AI in Networks and Distributed Systems (WAIN)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 11, title = {Improving Web QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Network Traffic through Time Series Modeling}, year = 2020 }
• Where to Submit? Helping Researchers to Choose the Right Venue. Kobs, Konstantin; Koopmann, Tobias; Zehe, Albin; Fernes, David; Krop, Philipp; Hotho, Andreas. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, S. 878–883. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, 2020.
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  Whenever researchers write a paper, the same question occurs: ``Where to submit?'' In this work, we introduce WTS, an open and interpretable NLP system that recommends conferences and journals to researchers based on the title, abstract, and/or keywords of a given paper. We adapt the TextCNN architecture and automatically analyze its predictions using the Integrated Gradients method to highlight words and phrases that led to the recommendation of a scientific venue. We train and test our method on publications from the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and medicine, both derived from the Semantic Scholar dataset. WTS achieves an Accuracy@5 of approximately 83% for AI papers and 95% in the field of medicine. It is open source and available for testing on https://wheretosubmit.ml.

  @inproceedings{kobs2020where, abstract = {Whenever researchers write a paper, the same question occurs: {``}Where to submit?{''} In this work, we introduce WTS, an open and interpretable NLP system that recommends conferences and journals to researchers based on the title, abstract, and/or keywords of a given paper. We adapt the TextCNN architecture and automatically analyze its predictions using the Integrated Gradients method to highlight words and phrases that led to the recommendation of a scientific venue. We train and test our method on publications from the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and medicine, both derived from the Semantic Scholar dataset. WTS achieves an Accuracy@5 of approximately 83{\%} for AI papers and 95{\%} in the field of medicine. It is open source and available for testing on https://wheretosubmit.ml.}, address = {Online}, author = {Kobs, Konstantin and Koopmann, Tobias and Zehe, Albin and Fernes, David and Krop, Philipp and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020}, keywords = {research}, month = 11, pages = {878–883}, publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, title = {Where to Submit? Helping Researchers to Choose the Right Venue}, year = 2020 }
• Baloo: Measuring and Modeling the Performance Configurations of Distributed DBMS. Grohmann, Johannes; Seybold, Daniel; Eismann, Simon; Leznik, Mark; Kounev, Samuel; Domaschka, Jörg. In 2020 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS), von MASCOTS ’20, S. 1–8. IEEE, 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Correctly configuring a distributed database management system (DBMS) deployed in a cloud environment for maximizing performance poses many challenges to operators. Even if the entire configuration spectrum could be measured directly, which is often infeasible due to the multitude of parameters, single measurements are subject to random variations and need to be repeated multiple times. In this work, we propose Baloo, a framework for systematically measuring and modeling different performance-relevant configurations of distributed DBMS in cloud environments. Baloo dynamically estimates the required number of configurations, as well as the number of required measurement repetitions per configuration based on a desired target accuracy. We evaluate Baloo based on a data set consisting of 900 DBMS configuration measurements conducted in our private cloud setup. Our evaluation shows that the highly configurable framework is able to achieve a prediction error of up to 12% while saving 80% of the measurement effort. We also publish all code and the acquired data set to foster future research.

  @inproceedings{GrSeEiLeKoDo2020-MASCOTS-DBMSPerformance, abstract = {Correctly configuring a distributed database management system (DBMS) deployed in a cloud environment for maximizing performance poses many challenges to operators. Even if the entire configuration spectrum could be measured directly, which is often infeasible due to the multitude of parameters, single measurements are subject to random variations and need to be repeated multiple times. In this work, we propose Baloo, a framework for systematically measuring and modeling different performance-relevant configurations of distributed DBMS in cloud environments. Baloo dynamically estimates the required number of configurations, as well as the number of required measurement repetitions per configuration based on a desired target accuracy. We evaluate Baloo based on a data set consisting of 900 DBMS configuration measurements conducted in our private cloud setup. Our evaluation shows that the highly configurable framework is able to achieve a prediction error of up to 12% while saving 80% of the measurement effort. We also publish all code and the acquired data set to foster future research.}, author = {Grohmann, Johannes and Seybold, Daniel and Eismann, Simon and Leznik, Mark and Kounev, Samuel and Domaschka, Jörg}, booktitle = {2020 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)}, keywords = {automated_model_learning}, month = 11, note = {Acceptance Rate: 27%}, pages = {1–8}, publisher = {IEEE}, series = {MASCOTS '20}, title = {Baloo: Measuring and Modeling the Performance Configurations of Distributed DBMS}, year = 2020 }
• Evaluating the Performance of a State-of-the-Art Group-oriented Encryption Scheme for Dynamic Groups in an IoT Scenario. Prantl, Thomas; Ten, Peter; Iffländer, Lukas; Dmitrenko, Alexandra; Kounev, Samuel; Krupitzer, Christian. In 2020 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS), von MASCOTS ’20. 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  New emerging technologies, such as autonomous driving, intelligent buildings, and smart cities, are promising to revolutionize user experience and offer new services. The world has to undergo large scale deployment of billions of things — cost-efficient intelligent sensors that will be interconnected into extensive networks and will collect and supply data to intelligent algorithms — to make it happen. To date, however, it is challenging to secure such an infrastructure for many-fold reasons, such as resource constraints of things, large scale deployment, manyto-many communication patterns, and dynamically changing communication groups. All these factors rule out most of the state-of-the-art encryption and key-management techniques. Group encryption algorithms are well-suitable for many-tomany communication patterns typical for IoT networks, and many of them can deal with dynamic groups. There are, however, very few constructions that could potentially fulfill the computational and storage constraints of IoT devices while providing sufficient scalability for large networks. The promising candidates, such as construction by Nishat et al. [1], were not evaluated using IoT platforms and under constraints typical for IoT networks. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap and present the evaluation of a state-of-the-art group-oriented encryption scheme by Nishat et al. to identify its applicability to IoT systems. In detail, we provide a measurement workflow, a revised version of the approach, and describe a reproducible hardware testbed. Using this evaluation environment, we analyze the performance of the encryption scheme in a typical IoT scenario from a group member perspective. The results show that all calculation times can be assumed to be constant and are always below 2 seconds. The memory requirement for permanent parameters can also be considered to be constant and are below 8.5 kbit in each case. However, the information that has to be stored temporarily for group updates has turned out to be the bottleneck of the scheme, since their memory requirements increase linearly with the group size.

  @inproceedings{PrTeIfDmKo2020-MASCOTS-GroupEncryption, abstract = {New emerging technologies, such as autonomous driving, intelligent buildings, and smart cities, are promising to revolutionize user experience and offer new services. The world has to undergo large scale deployment of billions of things — cost-efficient intelligent sensors that will be interconnected into extensive networks and will collect and supply data to intelligent algorithms — to make it happen. To date, however, it is challenging to secure such an infrastructure for many-fold reasons, such as resource constraints of things, large scale deployment, manyto-many communication patterns, and dynamically changing communication groups. All these factors rule out most of the state-of-the-art encryption and key-management techniques. Group encryption algorithms are well-suitable for many-tomany communication patterns typical for IoT networks, and many of them can deal with dynamic groups. There are, however, very few constructions that could potentially fulfill the computational and storage constraints of IoT devices while providing sufficient scalability for large networks. The promising candidates, such as construction by Nishat et al. [1], were not evaluated using IoT platforms and under constraints typical for IoT networks. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap and present the evaluation of a state-of-the-art group-oriented encryption scheme by Nishat et al. to identify its applicability to IoT systems. In detail, we provide a measurement workflow, a revised version of the approach, and describe a reproducible hardware testbed. Using this evaluation environment, we analyze the performance of the encryption scheme in a typical IoT scenario from a group member perspective. The results show that all calculation times can be assumed to be constant and are always below 2 seconds. The memory requirement for permanent parameters can also be considered to be constant and are below 8.5 kbit in each case. However, the information that has to be stored temporarily for group updates has turned out to be the bottleneck of the scheme, since their memory requirements increase linearly with the group size.}, author = {Prantl, Thomas and Ten, Peter and Iffländer, Lukas and Dmitrenko, Alexandra and Kounev, Samuel and Krupitzer, Christian}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)}, keywords = {Performance_Evaluation}, month = 11, note = {Acceptance Rate: 27\%}, series = {MASCOTS '20}, title = {Evaluating the Performance of a State-of-the-Art Group-oriented Encryption Scheme for Dynamic Groups in an IoT Scenario}, year = 2020 }
• ViCrypt to the Rescue: Real-time, Machine-Learning-driven Video-QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Streaming Traffic. Wassermann, Sarah; Seufert, Michael; Casas, Pedro; Li, Gang; Kuang, Li. In IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 17(4), S. 2007–2023. 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Video streaming is the killer application of the Internet today. In this paper, we address the problem of real-time, passive Quality-of-Experience (QoE) monitoring of HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming (HAS), from the Internet-Service-Provider (ISP) perspective - i.e., relying exclusively on in-network traffic measurements. Given the wide adoption of end-to-end encryption, we resort to machine-learning (ML) models to estimate multiple key video-QoE indicators (KQIs) from the analysis of the encrypted traffic. We present ViCrypt, an ML-driven monitoring solution able to infer the most important KQIs for HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), namely stalling, initial delay, video resolution, and average video bitrate. ViCrypt performs estimations in real-time, during the playback of an ongoing video-streaming session, with a fine-grained temporal resolution of just one second. For this, it relies on lightweight, stream-like features continuously extracted from the encrypted stream of packets. Empirical evaluations on a large and heterogeneous corpus of YouTube measurements show that ViCrypt can infer the targeted KQIs with high accuracy, enabling large-scale passive video-QoE monitoring and proactive QoE-aware traffic management. Different from the state of the art, and besides real-time operation, ViCrypt is not bound to coarse-grained KQI-classes, providing better and sharper insights than other solutions. Finally, ViCrypt does not require chunk-detection approaches for feature extraction, significantly reducing the complexity of the monitoring approach, and potentially improving on generalization to different HAS protocols used by other video-streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon.

  @article{info3-article-2020-5, abstract = {Video streaming is the killer application of the Internet today. In this paper, we address the problem of real-time, passive Quality-of-Experience (QoE) monitoring of HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming (HAS), from the Internet-Service-Provider (ISP) perspective - i.e., relying exclusively on in-network traffic measurements. Given the wide adoption of end-to-end encryption, we resort to machine-learning (ML) models to estimate multiple key video-QoE indicators (KQIs) from the analysis of the encrypted traffic. We present ViCrypt, an ML-driven monitoring solution able to infer the most important KQIs for HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), namely stalling, initial delay, video resolution, and average video bitrate. ViCrypt performs estimations in real-time, during the playback of an ongoing video-streaming session, with a fine-grained temporal resolution of just one second. For this, it relies on lightweight, stream-like features continuously extracted from the encrypted stream of packets. Empirical evaluations on a large and heterogeneous corpus of YouTube measurements show that ViCrypt can infer the targeted KQIs with high accuracy, enabling large-scale passive video-QoE monitoring and proactive QoE-aware traffic management. Different from the state of the art, and besides real-time operation, ViCrypt is not bound to coarse-grained KQI-classes, providing better and sharper insights than other solutions. Finally, ViCrypt does not require chunk-detection approaches for feature extraction, significantly reducing the complexity of the monitoring approach, and potentially improving on generalization to different HAS protocols used by other video-streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon.}, author = {Wassermann, Sarah and Seufert, Michael and Casas, Pedro and Li, Gang and Kuang, Li}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 12, number = 4, pages = {2007 - 2023}, title = {ViCrypt to the Rescue: Real-time, Machine-Learning-driven Video-QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Streaming Traffic}, volume = 17, year = 2020 }
• Performance, Power, and Energy-Efficiency Impact Analysis of Compiler Optimizations on the SPEC CPU 2017 Benchmark Suite. Schmitt, Norbert; Bucek, James; Beckett, John; Cragin, Aaron; Lange, Klaus-Dieter; Kounev, Samuel. In 2020 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), S. 292–301. 2020.
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  The growth of cloud services leads to more and more data centers that are increasingly larger and consume considerable amounts of power. To increase energy efficiency, both the actual server equipment and the software must become more energy efficient. Software has a major impact on hardware utilization levels, and subsequently, the energy efficiency. While energy efficiency is often seen as identical to performance, we argue that this may not be necessarily the case. A sizable amount of energy could be saved, increasing energy efficiency by leveraging compiler optimizations but at the same time impacting performance and power consumption over time. We analyze the SPEC CPU 2017 benchmark suite with 43 benchmarks from different domains, including integer and floating-point heavy computations on a state-of-the-art server system for cloud applications. Our results show that power consumption displays more stable behavior if less compiler optimizations are used and also confirmed that performance and energy efficiency are different optimizations goals. Additionally, compiler optimizations possibly could be used to enable power capping on a software level and care must be taken when selecting such optimizations.

  @inproceedings{9302787, abstract = {The growth of cloud services leads to more and more data centers that are increasingly larger and consume considerable amounts of power. To increase energy efficiency, both the actual server equipment and the software must become more energy efficient. Software has a major impact on hardware utilization levels, and subsequently, the energy efficiency. While energy efficiency is often seen as identical to performance, we argue that this may not be necessarily the case. A sizable amount of energy could be saved, increasing energy efficiency by leveraging compiler optimizations but at the same time impacting performance and power consumption over time. We analyze the SPEC CPU 2017 benchmark suite with 43 benchmarks from different domains, including integer and floating-point heavy computations on a state-of-the-art server system for cloud applications. Our results show that power consumption displays more stable behavior if less compiler optimizations are used and also confirmed that performance and energy efficiency are different optimizations goals. Additionally, compiler optimizations possibly could be used to enable power capping on a software level and care must be taken when selecting such optimizations.}, author = {Schmitt, Norbert and Bucek, James and Beckett, John and Cragin, Aaron and Lange, Klaus-Dieter and Kounev, Samuel}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC)}, keywords = {power}, month = 12, pages = {292-301}, title = {Performance, Power, and Energy-Efficiency Impact Analysis of Compiler Optimizations on the SPEC CPU 2017 Benchmark Suite}, year = 2020 }
• Towards Computer Aided Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Virtual Environments. Roth, Daniel; Jording, Mathis; Schmee, Tobias; Kullmann, Peter; Navab, Nassir; Vogeley, Kai. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), S. 115–122. IEEE, 2020.
  • [ Abstract ]
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  Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with characteristic difficulties to express and interpret nonverbal behavior, such as social gaze behavior. The state of the art in diagnosis is the clinical interview that is time intensive for the clinicians and does not take into account any objective measures of behavior. We herewith propose an empirical approach that can potentially support diagnosis based on the assessment of nonverbal behavior in avatar-mediated interactions in virtual environments. In a first study, ASD individuals and a typically developed control group were interacting in dyads. Head motion, and eye gaze of both interlocutors were recorded, replicated to the avatars and displayed to the partner through a distributed virtual environment. The nonverbal behavior of both interaction partners was recorded, and resulting preprocessed data was classified with up to 92.9parcent classification accuracy, with the amount of eye area focus and the average horizontal gaze change being the most relevant features. We expect that such systems could improve the diagnostic assessment on the basis of objective measures of nonverbal behavior.

  @inproceedings{9319100, abstract = {Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with characteristic difficulties to express and interpret nonverbal behavior, such as social gaze behavior. The state of the art in diagnosis is the clinical interview that is time intensive for the clinicians and does not take into account any objective measures of behavior. We herewith propose an empirical approach that can potentially support diagnosis based on the assessment of nonverbal behavior in avatar-mediated interactions in virtual environments. In a first study, ASD individuals and a typically developed control group were interacting in dyads. Head motion, and eye gaze of both interlocutors were recorded, replicated to the avatars and displayed to the partner through a distributed virtual environment. The nonverbal behavior of both interaction partners was recorded, and resulting preprocessed data was classified with up to 92.9parcent classification accuracy, with the amount of eye area focus and the average horizontal gaze change being the most relevant features. We expect that such systems could improve the diagnostic assessment on the basis of objective measures of nonverbal behavior.}, author = {Roth, Daniel and Jording, Mathis and Schmee, Tobias and Kullmann, Peter and Navab, Nassir and Vogeley, Kai}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)}, keywords = {myown}, month = 12, pages = {115-122}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Computer Aided Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Virtual Environments}, year = 2020 }
• Survey and Experimental Comparison of RGB-D Indoor Robot Navigation Methods Supported by ROS and Their Expansion via Fusion with Wheel Odometry and IMU Data. Spiess, Florian; Friesslich, Jonas; Tobias, Kaupp; Kounev, Samuel; Strobel, Norbert. In International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research (IJMERR), 9(12), P. R. (Chunhui) Yang (Hrsg.), S. 1532–1540. 2020.
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  This paper presents an experimental evaluation and comparison of selected Visual Odometry (VO) and Visual-SLAM (V-SLAM) algorithms for indoor mobile robot navigation supported by the Robot Operating System (ROS). The focus is on algorithms involving RGB-D cameras. Since RGB-D cameras integrate color and depth information, they output coherent measurement data and facilitate an efficient processing pipeline. The various underlying methods of vision-based algorithms are described and evaluated on two datasets covering different indoor situations as well as various lighting and movement conditions. In general, V-SLAM algorithms yielded better results. They were superior with respect to handling drift, in particular when loop closures were involved. However, the results confirmed that VO algorithms could outperform V-SLAM methods under certain circumstances. This happened when there was a very good match between an algorithm’s design objectives and the situation at hand. While the experiments showed that there is no single best algorithm for every scenario, ORB-SLAM2 is recommended as a robust stand-alone RGB-D based localization method available under ROS. Furthermore, we observed that the position estimation error could be reduced by around 67% on average when combining vision-based position estimates with sensor data obtained from wheel odometry and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), respectively. This clearly demonstrates the potential of sensor fusion techniques. The best results in case of sensor fusion were obtained with RGB-DSLAMv2.

  @article{yang2020survey, abstract = {This paper presents an experimental evaluation and comparison of selected Visual Odometry (VO) and Visual-SLAM (V-SLAM) algorithms for indoor mobile robot navigation supported by the Robot Operating System (ROS). The focus is on algorithms involving RGB-D cameras. Since RGB-D cameras integrate color and depth information, they output coherent measurement data and facilitate an efficient processing pipeline. The various underlying methods of vision-based algorithms are described and evaluated on two datasets covering different indoor situations as well as various lighting and movement conditions. In general, V-SLAM algorithms yielded better results. They were superior with respect to handling drift, in particular when loop closures were involved. However, the results confirmed that VO algorithms could outperform V-SLAM methods under certain circumstances. This happened when there was a very good match between an algorithm’s design objectives and the situation at hand. While the experiments showed that there is no single best algorithm for every scenario, ORB-SLAM2 is recommended as a robust stand-alone RGB-D based localization method available under ROS. Furthermore, we observed that the position estimation error could be reduced by around 67% on average when combining vision-based position estimates with sensor data obtained from wheel odometry and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), respectively. This clearly demonstrates the potential of sensor fusion techniques. The best results in case of sensor fusion were obtained with RGB-DSLAMv2.}, author = {Spiess, Florian and Friesslich, Jonas and Tobias, Kaupp and Kounev, Samuel and Strobel, Norbert}, editor = {Yang, Prof Richard (Chunhui)}, journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research (IJMERR)}, keywords = {rgb}, month = 12, number = 12, pages = {1532-1540}, title = {Survey and Experimental Comparison of RGB-D Indoor Robot Navigation Methods Supported by ROS and Their Expansion via Fusion with Wheel Odometry and IMU Data}, volume = 9, year = 2020 }
• Scoring High: Analysis and Prediction of Viewer Behavior and Engagement in the Context of 2018 FIFA WC Live Streaming. Wehner, Nikolas; Seufert, Michael; Egger-Lampl, Sebastian; Gardlo, Bruno; Casas, Pedro; Schatz, Raimund. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM). Seattle, WA, USA, 2020.
  • [ BibTeX ]
  @inproceedings{info3-inproceedings-2020-9, address = {Seattle, WA, USA}, author = {Wehner, Nikolas and Seufert, Michael and Egger-Lampl, Sebastian and Gardlo, Bruno and Casas, Pedro and Schatz, Raimund}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM)}, keywords = {ucn}, month = 10, title = {Scoring High: Analysis and Prediction of Viewer Behavior and Engagement in the Context of 2018 FIFA WC Live Streaming}, year = 2020 }